EPA Tableur _valorisation Matière & Recyclage

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    An Environmental Benefits Calculator

    Updated by Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC) September 2006

    What Does the Calculator Do?

    Estimating the Environmental Benefits of Source Reduction,Reuse, and Recycling

    NERCs Environmental Benefits Calculator (in Microsoft Excel 2003; part of Office ProfessionalEdition 2003) generates estimates of the environmental benefits of a study area, based on thetonnages of materials that are source reduced, reused, recycled, landfilled, or incinerated(includes waste-to-energy). The Calculator is based on per ton figures of the estimated energyuse and emissions from several lifecycle analysis studies. The estimates are average figuresbased on "typical" facilities and operating characteristics existing in the United States. Factorsthat are not included in this Calculator are landfill gas recovery and generation of electricity bywaste-to-energy. The Calculator incorporates U.S. EPA's most recent WARM Calculator, as wellas, facts and figures for the US Department of Energy, Steel Recycling Institute, Glass PackagingInstitute, and US Climate Technology Cooperation Gateway, to name a few. More facts andfigures can be found cited throughout the Calculator.

    The Output Tables provided by the Calculator and the accompanying Fact Sheet are intended tobe used as references by waste prevention officials and advocates in preparing outreachmaterials such as press releases, presentation slides, educational curricula, and articles.Completed Fact Sheets on the ten Northeast states can be found on NERC's website atwww.nerc.org. By documenting some of the more important benefits of source reduction, reuseand recycling, the Calculator can be used to educate the public, legislators and others aboutthese benefits, assist state and municipal employees to better understand the impacts of their waste management programs, support market development efforts, and to increase the publicsunderstanding of source reduction reuse and recycling as a sustainable environmental strategy

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    What Has Been Updated Since the Last Version?

    NERC has updated its Environmental Benefits Calculator (EBC) so that it remains the mostcomprehensive and current EBC available in the United States. EPA has made several major revisions to its Waste Reduction Model (WARM), which is one of the major analytical toolsembedded in the EBC. NERC also reviewed and updated calculations and figures from other sources. The following are the updates made to NERC's EBC: The addition of aluminum scrap metal, copper wire, and tires to the material types. Updated the greenhouse gas emissions and energy factors to match the latest WARM Model. Revised figures for energy use for an average household for one year, an average passenger car for one year, and energy content of gasoline. The following charts were added: How is Waste Diverted?; Impacts of SourceReduction/Reused and Disposal on GHG (MTCE/Year); and Impacts of Source Reduction/Reuseand Disposal on Energy Use (Million BTU/Year). Added glass recycling environmental benefits. Revised and automated the accompanying EBC Fact Sheet.

    To make the EBC more user-friendly, the list of materials have been placed in logical groupings,and the Environmental Benefits charts have been separated and made larger.

    The biggest change to the EBC is the addition of five new environmental impact tables: Table 8: Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as of a Result of Recycling Items in aTypical Curbside Set-Out Container Table 9: Energy Savings as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-OutContainer Table 12: Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Steel Source Reduction and Reuse Table 14: Number of Tree Seedlings Grown for 10 Years as a Result of Paper Recycling Table 15: Landfill Space Saved as a Result of Paper Recycling.

    D l k f il bl f d d f d fi h f ll i h h b

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    U.S.-based businesses are encouraged to use the calculator to determine the environmentalbenefits of recycling their office wastes and by-products. However, since recycling is only aportion of a business activity, there is another model to assist in calculating the benefits of manufacturing and purchasing recycled content materials - The ReCon Tool may be found on theU.S.EPA Climate and Waste Program website, athttp://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ActionsWasteToolsRecon.html.

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    What Information Does the Calculator Produce?

    How Do You Use the Calculator?

    Step 1

    The Calculator yields the following detailed tables with accompanying descriptive charts:1. Materials Management Overview;2. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse;3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Recycling;4. Greenhouse Gas Savings Comparisons;5. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse;6. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling;7. Energy Savings Comparisons;

    8. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as of a Result of Recycling Items in a TypicalCurbside Set-Out Container;9. Energy Savings as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container;10. Energy Savings from Computer Source Reduction and Reuse;11. Energy Savings from Computer Recycling;12. Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Steel Source Reduction and Reuse;13. Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Steel & Glass Recycling;14. Number of Tree Seedlings Grown for 10 Years as Result of Paper Recycling; and

    15. Landfill Space Saved as a Result of Paper Recycling.

    Go to Worksheet 1. Data Inputs to enter materials management data.Worksheet 1. Data Inputs is the place to input your area's data. This includestonnages for source reduction, reuse, recycling, landfilling, andincineration/waste-to-energy. See notes to the right of the blue cells in theWorksheet 1. Data Inputs for additional tips on entering the materialsmanagement data. (If seeking state-specific materials management data andoutside of the Northeast region, contact your state recycling agency for thisinformation. The ten Northeast states data is run through the Calculator on a

    l b i d th F t Sh t i i g th lt b f d

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    Step 3

    Step 4

    Explanation of the Calculator Results

    Click on "Worksheet 2. Environmental Impacts, using the tabs at thebottom of the spreadsheet. This sheet provides 15 automatically-generatedtables from your inputted data. Each table is presented on a separate pagewith descriptive charts.

    Produce a Fact Sheet Using a Mail Merge Word File. The accompanyingFact Sheet summarizes your area's environmental benefits from theCalculator into narrative form. The Fact Sheet is intended to be used as amarketing tool for educating the public about the environmental benefits of recycling. To create your area's data-specific Fact Sheet, follow theseinstructions. Save the latest version of your Calculator analysis. Open theblank Fact Sheet in Word. In Word, display your Mail Merge toolbar byselecting "View" and then "Toolbars." From your Mail Merge toolbar, click on"Open Data Source." Select the Calculator Excel file. Select "Wksh 5. FactSheet Outputs" worksheet. Again from your Mail Merge toolbar, click on"Merge to New Document." (Please note there are other routes to completingthe mail merge through the main Word toolbar under "Tools." Read throughthe resulting Fact Sheet and edit it to fit your circumstances and the data youentered. For example, if you did not enter any source reduction or reusefigures, delete these references.)

    There are many details involved in deriving environmental benefit estimates. The Calculator uses

    statistics from many sources and involves important assumptions and caveats. Following is anexplanation of each of the 15 Output Tables.

    Table 1. Materials Management Overview is a restatement of the materials management datainputted by the Environmental Benefits Calculator user.

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    The reductions in emissions from source reduction are equal to the net emissions of disposed

    materials and those source reduced. Emission estimates are derived from estimated impacts of activities throughout the material life cycle. Source reduction net emissions include raw materialacquisition and manufacturing, processing, transportation, and forest carbon sequestration.Incineration/waste-to-energy net emissions include transportation, carbon dioxide (CO 2) andnitrous oxide (N 2O) from combustion, avoided utility emissions, and steel recovery. Landfill netemissions include transportation, (CH 4) from landfills, avoided CO 2 emissions from energyrecovery, and landfill carbon sequestration. Column three is a weighted average of disposal

    emissions, based on the ratio between landfilling and incineration/waste-to-energy.

    Table 3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Recycling is based on thedata and methodology developed by the U.S. EPA 1. EPA based its calculations on data from anumber of academic, government, and private sector sources. For details on these data sources,see EPAs Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks report 2.

    The reductions in emissions from recycling are equal to the difference between the net emissionsof disposed materials and those recycled. Emission estimates are derived from estimatedimpacts of activities throughout the material life cycle. Recycling net emissions include rawmaterial acquisition and manufacturing, processing, transportation, and forest carbonsequestration. Incineration and waste-to-energy net emissions include transportation, CO 2 and

    N2O from combustion, avoided utility emissions, and steel recovery. Landfill net emissionsinclude transportation, CH 4 from landfills, avoided CO 2 emissions from energy recovery, andlandfill carbon sequestration. Column three in Table 2 is a weighted average of disposalemissions, based on the input ratio between landfilling and incineration/waste-to-energy.

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    Table 5. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse is based on energyuse estimates derived from EPAs Waste Management and Energy Savings: Benefits by theNumbers report 3. The results in that paper have since been updated to reflect EPAs revisedWARM model.

    Table 6. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling is based on energy use estimates derivedfrom EPAs Waste Management and Energy Savings: Benefits by the Numbers report 3. Theresults in that paper have since been updated to reflect EPAs revised WARM model.

    Table 7. Energy Savings Comparisons compares the total energy savings estimate from Table5a. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse and Table 6a. Energy Savingsas a Result of Recycling to Statewide Energy Consumption, Statewide Energy Expenditures, and Statewide Energy Generation.

    Table 8. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as of a Result of Recycling Items in a

    Typical Curbside Set-Out Container is very simliar to Table 3. Reductions in Greenhouse GasEmissions as a Result of Recycling , but for selected types of commodities (those typically foundin a set out container on curbside.) As in Table 3, this table is based on the data andmethodology developed by the U.S. EPA 1. For details on these data sources, see EPAs SolidWaste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinksreport 2.

    Table 9. Energy Savings as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container is very simliar to Table 6. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling, but for selectedtypes of commodities (those typically found in a set out container on curbside). As in Table 6, thistable is based on the data and methodology developed by the U.S. EPA 1. For details on thesedata sources, see EPAs Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-CycleAssessment of Emissions and Sinks report 2

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    Citations

    Table 13. Selected Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Recycling presents estimates of resource savings associated with ferrous steel recycling (including iron ore, coal and lime stone)

    and paper recycling.

    Table 14. Number of Tree Seedlings Grown for 10 Years as a Result of Paper Recycling presents estimates of resource savings (in terms of tree growth and forest sequestration)associated with paper recycling. The calculation involves taking U.S. EPA's forest carbonsequestration value and dividing it by a tree seedling value. This is based on a theory that anydecrease in the production of virgin paper means that fewer trees need to be cut down. Hence,

    depending on assumptions about other factors that effect forest practices, there may be morecarbon left standing in the woods for other trees to grow.

    Table 15. Landfill Space Saved as a Result of Paper Recycling presents the amount of spacesaved in a landfill as a result of recycling paper.

    1U.S. EPA. "WARM Online, Version 8." (June 2006). 26 June 06http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/WARM.2U.S. EPA. (2002). Solid Waste Management: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions andSinks. 2nd edition. EPA 530-R-02-006.http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ActionsWasteToolsSWMGHGreport.html

    3Available online at:http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/SHSU5C3J2J/$File/energy.pdf.

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    Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC) September 2006 Page 9 Wksht 1_ Data Inputs

    Updated by Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC)

    September 2006

    Worksheet 1. Data Inputs

    Area is in the State of:Date of Calculator Analysis:

    Input I. Materials Management StatisticsOn this sheet, enter your area's material management data in the blue cells.

    Data Source(s):Reporting Year:

    MATERIAL TYPE

    Aluminum CansSteel CansGlassHDPE

    LDPEPETCorrugated CardboardMagazines/Third-class MailNewspaper Office Paper PhonebooksTextbooks

    Estimating the Environmental Benefits of SourceReduction, Reuse, and Recycling

    Area Being Analyzed inCalculator:

    Area can be defined as any state, region, county, town, institution, college or businessin the United States.

    Tons Recycled 1

    May include tin and bi-metal cans. 2

    May include glass containers & other glass. 2

    May include boxboard & Kraft paper. 2

    May include coated paper & junk mail. 2

    May included high grade paper. 2

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    MATERIAL TYPE

    Mixed Recyclables

    Mixed Organics

    Other Recyclables

    Total Tons Recycled 0 Do not input directly because the Calculator will automatically compute.

    MATERIAL TYPE

    Aluminum CansSteel CansGlassHDPELDPEPETCorrugated CardboardMagazines/Third-class MailNewspaper Office Paper PhonebooksTextbooks

    Whole Computers

    Ferrous Scrap Metal

    Aluminum Scrap MetalCopper Wire May include copper scrap.

    Tons Recycled 1

    Based on the following percent of total MSW recovery by material in 2003: 47%corrugated cardboard, 23% newspaper, 9% office paper, 5% glass, 6%magazines/third-class mail, 3% steel cans, 3% Dimensional Lumber, 1% aluminumcans, 2% plastic, 1% phonebooks/textbooks. 5 May also include recyclables from a singlestream collection.

    Average of food discards and yard trimmings. May include unknown organic types. 2

    Recyclables other than those listed above, e.g., batteries or commingled containers.Only the tonnage recycled is reported in the Environmental Impacts.

    Tons Source Reduced &Reused 6

    May include tin and bi-metal cans. 2

    May include glass containers & other glass. 2

    May include boxboard & Kraft paper. 2

    May include coated paper & junk mail. 2

    May include high grade paper. 2

    Whole computers only (monitor, CPU, mouse and keyboard); no other electronics. 4

    May include steel, iron, & other ferrous metals. Items may include whitegoods. 4

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    MATERIAL TYPE

    TiresConstruction & DemolitionCarpet

    Dimensional Lumber

    Medium-density Fiberboard

    Clay Bricks

    Aggregate

    Fly Ash

    Mixed Paper

    Mixed Metals

    Mixed Plastics

    Mixed Recyclables

    Other Recyclables

    0 Do not input directly because the Calculator will automatically compute.

    Tons Source Reduced &Reused 6

    Only the tonnage source reduced is reported in the Environmental Impacts. Be aware of double-counting aggregate and clay bricks.

    Wood that has been milled to certain dimensions (i.e., "two by fours") for use instructures. May include any solid wood products. 2,4

    Defined as particle board or p ressed chipboard. Also defined as the glued and compressed wood (chipped and finely ground) material. It is relatively fine-grained (ascompared to particle board where you can visibly see the wood chips) that is also used in furniture. 4

    Aggregate (crushed rock or similar) obtained from concrete recovery. Be aware of potential double-counting issue with C&D. 4

    The fly ash category is specific to Portland cement displacement (the ash is produced by coal-fired power plants). Certain types of fly ash (class C and F) possess the samecharacteristics as Portland cement and are able to be substituted for use in concretemanufacture. 4

    May include any combination of mixed paper grades (broadly defined). 2

    Assumes of 29% aluminum and 71% steel. May include unknown metal types or cansand junked autos. Junked autos can also be placed in ferrous scrap metal, older carsare made of steel, while newer ones have some aluminum components. 2,4

    Based on the following percent of total MSW recovery by material in 2003: 19% PET,21% HDPE, and 7% LDPE. May include unknown plastic resins, PVC/vinyl,

    polypropylene, polystyrene, or other plastic. 5

    Based on the following percent of total MSW recovery by material in 2003: 47%corrugated cardboard, 23% newspaper, 9% office paper, 5% glass, 6%magazines/third-class mail, 3% steel cans, 3% Dimensional Lumber, 1% aluminumcans, 2% plastic, 1% phonebooks/textbooks. 5 May also include recyclables from asingle stream collection.

    Recyclables other than those listed above, e.g., batteries or commingled containers.Only the tonnage source reduced is reported in the Environmental Impacts.

    Total Tons Source Reducedd d

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    DISPOSAL TYPE

    Tons Sent to Landfill

    Tons Sent to Incinerators

    Total Tons Disposed 0 Do not input directly because the Calculator will automatically compute.

    Tons Disposed

    Include estimates for all materials generated in the state, regardless of where disposeDo not include imports.

    1Recycling is defined as when a material is used in place of virgin inputs in the manufacturing process, rather than being disposed of and managed as waste.2 When a user indicatesthat they are recycling they are referring to the act of setting the material aside for use in the manufacturing process. This Calculator does not draw a distinction between these twodistinct activities. So, when users indicate that they are "recycling" materials like yard trimmings, food scraps, mixed organics, etc, U.S. EPA calculates the benefit of composting.Composting is defined as the controlled biological decomposition of organic material in the presence of air to form a humus-like material. Controlled methods of composting includemechanical mixing and aerating, ventilating the materials by dropping them through a vertical series of aerated chambers, or placing the compost in piles out in the open air and mixingit or turning it periodically.3

    2 US EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition. " (2002). http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.3 US EPA. "Terms of the Environment: Composting." (2004). http://www.epa.gov/OCEPAterms/.4 Personal communication with ICF Consulting. October 2004.5 US EPA "Municipal Solid Waste in The United States: 2003 Facts and Figures. " (2003). http://www.epa.gov/msw/msw99.htm.

    6 This Calculator uses U.S. EPA's WARM tool definition of source reduction. It is defined as an activity that reduces the need for the production of additional material; reuse or reduce

    (but is not a recycling activity with industrial process emissions). Examples would be light-weighting (e.g., using 25 percent less aluminum to produce the same product) or the reuse ofa material (e.g., dismantling a building and reusing the 2x4 studs in a new structure). Other examples include book swaps and computer donations (assumes that new books and newcomputers would have been needed without these actions.) Therefore, reuse and reduce are used interchangeably. 4

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    Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC) September 2006 Page 14 Wksht 1_ Data Inputs

    Input II. Greenhouse Gas Inventory StatisticsObtain needed data for this worksheet from the specified websites.

    Data Source:

    Instructions:

    Updating Frequency: Unknown.

    Reporting Year:

    SOURCE Energy - Electric UtilitiesEnergy - ResidentialEnergy - CommercialEnergy - IndustrialEnergy - TransportationEnergy - Fugitive EmissionsIndustrial ProcessesAgricultureWasteTotal 0.00

    World Resources Institute. "Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT)". (2006). 17 July

    2006 http://cait.wri.org/.

    At website, first either register or login at the top left hand corner of your screen. Click on"CAIT - U.S." under the heading "Access CAIT Products" (seen at the center of screen.)Click on "State/Regions to Display" under the heading "Customize" (seen at the left-handside of screen). Use the ">>" and "

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    Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC) September 2006 Page 15 Wksht 1_ Data Inputs

    Input III. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Fuel CombustionObtain needed data for this worksheet from the specified websites.

    Data Source:

    Instructions:Updating Frequency: Updated annually.

    Reporting Year:

    SECTOR

    CommercialIndustrialResidentialTransportationElectric UtilitiesTotal 0.00

    U.S. EPA. "Energy CO 2 Inventories." (2006). 1 Sept 06

    http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/EmissionsStateEnergyCO2Inventor ies.html?OpenDocument.Click on "State CO 2 Emissions from fossil fuel combustion, 1990-2002"

    CO 2 Emissions(Million Metric Tons CO 2)

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    Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC) September 2006 Page 16 Wksht 1_ Data Inputs

    Input IV. Energy StatisticsObtain needed data for this worksheet from the specified websites.

    Updated annually.

    SECTOR Reporting Year TotalResidentialCommercialIndustrialTransportation

    Data Source for Energy

    Consumption &Expenditures:

    U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). "EIA State Energy Page." (2006). 1 Sept 06http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_states.html.

    Updating Frequency for Energy Consumption &Expenditures:

    Instructions for Sector Consumption:

    There are several pathways to the desired data. One way is to access the PDF files viathe links under the subheading "Consumption." These links are "Total", "Residential","Commercial", "Industrial", and "Transportation." Once in the document, make sure you

    look at Trillion BTU. In each case, the number you are looking for is the total, which youcan find in the far right column of the table.

    Energy Consumed(Trillion BTUs 8)

    8 The British thermal unit (BTU or Btu) is a unit of energy used in the United States. A Btu is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound avoirdupoisof water by one degree Fahrenheit at a specified temperature (as 39 o F). Source: Merriam-Webster OnLine "Brtish thermal unit" (2006). 12 Sept 2006 .

    Instructions for SourceConsumption:

    There are several pathways to the desired data. One way is to access the PDF files viathe "Total" link under the subheading "Consumption." From left to right, you will find thetotal consumption of coal, natural gas, petroleum (look for the Total number), nuclear andhydroelectric energy. Once in the document, make sure you look at Trillion BTU.

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    Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC) September 2006 Page 17 Wksht 1_ Data Inputs

    SOURCE Reporting Year Petroleum

    Natural GasCoalHydroelectricNuclear

    Instructions for Expenditures:

    Energy ExpendituresSECTOR (Million Nominal Dollars)Reporting Year TotalResidentialCommercialIndustrialTransportation

    Will be released in 2006, entitled "State and Metropolitan Area Data Book - 2006."

    Energy Consumed(Trillion BTUs)

    There are several pathways to the desired data. One way is to access the PDF files viathe links, under the subheading "Expenditures." These links are "Total", "Residential","Commercial", "Industrial", and "Transportation". Once in the document, make sure youlook at Million Nominal Dollars. In each case, the number you are looking for is the total,which you can find in the far right column of the table.

    Data Source for NetGeneration:

    U.S. Department of Commerce. "State and Metropolitan Area Data Book - 5th Edition."(1997-1998). 21 Dec 05 http://www.census.gov/prod/3/98pubs/smadb-97.pdf.

    Instructions for NetGeneration:

    At the website (need Adobe Reader), look for "Table A-27. States - Electric and GasUtilities" on page 28. Look for your state under the "Net generation" columns.

    Updating Frequency for NetGeneration:

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    Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC) September 2006 Page 18 Wksht 1_ Data Inputs

    GENERATION SOURCE Net GenerationReporting Year Total (Billion kWh)Coal (% of generation)Nuclear (% of generation)

    Input V. Household InformationObtain needed data for this worksheet from the specified websites.

    Data Source:

    Instructions: Click on your state. Scroll down to "Households, 2000."Updating Frequency: Updated with Federal Census.

    Households in AreaReporting Year Number of Households

    U.S. Census Bureau. "State and County QuickFacts." (2000). 21 Dec 05http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/.

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    Estimating the Environmental Benefits of Source Reduction, Reuse and RecyclingUpdated by Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC) September 2006

    Worksheet 2. Environmental ImpactsEstimates of the Environmental Impacts of Recycling in 0

    Date of Calculator Analysis: December 30, 1899

    Table 1. Materials Management Overview

    Tons Recycled Tons LandfilledReporting Year 0 0 0 0 0Aluminum Cans 0 0Steel Cans 0 0Glass 0 0HDPE 0 0LDPE 0 0PET 0 0Corrugated Cardboard 0 0

    Magazines/Third-class Mail 0 0Newspaper 0 0Office Paper 0 0Phonebooks 0 0Textbooks 0 0Whole Computers 0 0Food Scraps 0

    Yard Trimmings 0Grass 0Leaves 0Branches 0Ferrous Scrap Metal 0 0Aluminum Scrap Metal 0 0Copper Wire 0 0Tires 0 0Construction & Demolition 0 0Carpet 0 0Dimensional Lumber 0 0Medium-density Fiberboard 0 0

    The following tables summarize the estimated environmental benefits of source reduction, reuse and recycling and provide comparison figures to put these estimates in context.

    Tons SourceReduced/Reused

    Tons Incinerated/Waste-To-Energy

    Total TonsDisposed

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    Chart 1. Materials Management Overview

    Recycled 0.00%Landfill 0.00%

    Incineration/ Waste-To-Energy 0.00%

    Materials Management Overview

    Paper Glass Metal Plastic Organ-ics

    Other 0

    0

    0

    1

    1

    1

    0 0 0 0 0 0

    Amount of Materials Recycled(x1,000 Tons)

    Paper Glass Metal Plastic Other 0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    01

    1

    1

    1

    1

    0 0 0 0 0

    Amount of Materials Source Reduced & Reused (x1,000 Tons)

    Recycled 0.00%

    Source Reduced and Reused 0.00%

    How is Waste Diverted?

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    Table 2. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse

    Reporting Year 0Aluminum Cans 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Steel Cans 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Glass 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!HDPE 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!LDPE 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!PET 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Corrugated Cardboard 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Magazines/Third-class Mail 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Newspaper 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Office Paper 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Phonebooks 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Textbooks 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Whole Computers 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Ferrous Scrap Metal 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Aluminum Scrap Metal 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Copper Wire 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Tires 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Construction & Demolition 0 NA NA NACarpet 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Dimensional Lumber 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Medium-density Fiberboard 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Clay Bricks 0 0.0 0.0 0Aggregate 0 NA NA NAFly Ash 0 NA NA NAMixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 NA NA NAMixed Metals 0 NA NA NAMixed Plastics 0 NA NA NAMixed Recyclables 0 NA NA NA

    Other Recyclables 0 NA NA NA

    0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    S

    Tons SourceReduced/Reused

    Greenhouse GasEmissions

    Associated withSource Reduction

    and Reuse (MTCE) 1

    Greenhouse GasEmissions if Items

    Had Been Disposed(MTCE)

    Net Greenhouse GasEmissions from

    Source Reductionand Reuse asCompared to

    Disposal (MTCE)

    Total as a Result of Source Reduction andReuse1 MTCE is an abbreviation for Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent. There is movement to use CO2 Equivalents (MTCO2) instead of Carbon Equivalents (MTCE), however EPA generallyuses MTCE. To convert, multiply MTCE by 44/12 to receive MTCO2.

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    Chart 2. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse

    GHG Emissions fromSource Reductionand Reuse

    GHG Emissions fromDisposal

    GHG Benefit of Source Reductionand Reuse (vs.

    000000000001111111111

    G Emissions from Source Reduction and Reuse

    Impacts of Source Reduction/Reused and Disposal on GHG (MTCE/Year)

    *A negative value for disposal may be due to the following factors: 1) avoided greenh ouse gas emissions at electric utilities due to energy p roduction at landfills (usingrecovered methane) or waste incineration facilities; and/or 2) long-term storage of carbon in landfills.

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    Table 3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Recycling

    Tons RecycledReporting Year 0Aluminum Cans 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Steel Cans 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Glass 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!HDPE 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!LDPE 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!PET 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Corrugated Cardboard 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Magazines/Third-class Mail 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Newspaper 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Office Paper 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Phonebooks 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Textbooks 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Whole Computers 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Food Scraps 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Yard Trimmings 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Grass 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Leaves 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Branches 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Ferrous Scrap Metal 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Aluminum Scrap Metal 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Copper Wire 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Tires 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Construction & Demolition 0 NA NA NACarpet 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Dimensional Lumber 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Medium-density Fiberboard 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Clay Bricks 0 NA NA NAAggregate 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Fly Ash 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Metals 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Plastics 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Recyclables 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Organics 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Other Recyclables 0 NA NA NATotal as a Result of Recycling 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Greenhouse GasEmissions

    Associated withRecycling (MTCE)

    Greenhouse GasEmissions if

    Recyclables HadBeen Disposed

    (MTCE)

    Net Greenhouse GasEmissions from

    Recycling asCompared to

    Disposal (MTCE)

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    Chart 3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Recycling

    GHG Emissions fromRecycling

    GHG Emissions fromDisposal

    GHG Benefit of Recycling(vs. Disposal)

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    GHG Emissions from Recycling

    Impacts of Recycling and Disposal on GHG (MTCE/Year)

    *A negative value for disposal may be due to the following factors: 1) avoided greenhouse gas emissions at electric utilities due to energy production at landfills (usingrecovered methane) or waste incineration facilities; and/or 2) long-term storage of carbon in landfills.

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    Table 4. Greenhouse Gas Savings Comparisons

    MAJOR GHG EMISSION SOURCES Reporting Year 0Industry 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Utility 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Waste 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Transportation 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Other 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Total 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Reporting Year 0Commercial 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Industrial 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Residential 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Transportation 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Utility 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Total 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Sources:Table 2. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Source Reduction and ReuseTable 3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of RecyclingWorld Resources Institute. "Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT)". (2006). 17 July 2006 http://cait.wri.org/.U.S. EPA. "Energy CO2 Inventories." (2006). 1 Sept 06 http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/EmissionsStateEnergyCO2Inventories.html?OpenDocument.

    Annual Emissions(MTCE)

    Percent of TotalEmissions

    Source Reduction,Reuse and RecyclingEmission Reductions

    as a Percent of Emissions

    MAJOR CO 2 EMISSION SECTORS FROM FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION

    Note that thesepercentages are notadditive.

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    Table 5a. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and ReuseNote: The negative numbers denote energy savings.

    Reporting Year 0Aluminum Cans 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Steel Cans 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Glass 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!HDPE 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    LDPE 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!PET 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Corrugated Cardboard 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Magazines/Third-class Mail 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Newspaper 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Office Paper 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Phonebooks 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Textbooks 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Whole Computers 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Ferrous Scrap Metal 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Aluminum Scrap Metal 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Copper Wire 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Tires 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Construction & Demolition 0 NA NA NACarpet 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Dimensional Lumber 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Medium-density Fiberboard 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Clay Bricks 0 0.00 0.00 0.00Aggregate 0 NA NA NAFly Ash 0 NA NA NAMixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 NA NA NAMixed Metals 0 NA NA NA

    Mixed Plastics 0 NA NA NAMixed Recyclables 0 NA NA NAOther Recyclables 0 NA NA NA

    0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    S

    Tons SourceReduced/Reused

    Energy Use if SourceReduced and Reused

    (Million BTUs)

    Energy Use if ItemsHad Been Disposed

    (Million BTUs)

    Net EnergyConsumption fromSource Reduction

    and Reuse asCompared to

    Disposal(Million BTUs)

    Total as a Result of Source Reduction &Reuse

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    Chart 5a. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse

    0

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    0

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    0

    0

    0

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    Net Energy from Source Reduction and Reuse

    Impacts of Source Reduction/Reuse and Disposal on Energy Use(Million BTU/Year)

    *A negative value for disposal is due to avoided energy use for electricity generation resulting from energy production at landfills (using recovered methane) and/or wasteincineration facilities.

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    Table 6a. Energy Savings as a Result of RecyclingNote: The negative numbers denote energy savings.

    Tons RecycledReporting Year 0Aluminum Cans 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Steel Cans 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Glass 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!HDPE 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!LDPE 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    PET 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Corrugated Cardboard 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Magazines/Third-class Mail 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Newspaper 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Office Paper 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Phonebooks 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Textbooks 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Whole Computers 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Food Scraps 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Yard Trimmings 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Grass 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Leaves 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Branches 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Ferrous Scrap Metal 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Aluminum Scrap Metal 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Copper Wire 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Tires 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Construction & Demolition 0 NA NA NACarpet 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Dimensional Lumber 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Medium-density Fiberboard 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Clay Bricks 0 NA NA NAAggregate 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Fly Ash 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Metals 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Plastics 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Recyclables 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mi d O i 0 0 00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Energy Use if AllRecycled

    (Million BTUs)

    Energy Use if Recyclables HadBeen Disposed(Million BTUs)

    Net EnergyConsumption from

    Recycling asCompared to

    Disposal (MillionBTUs)

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    Chart 6a. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    00

    0

    0

    0

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1

    Net Energy from Recycling

    Impacts of Recycling and Disposal on Energy Use(Million BTU/Year)

    *A negative value for disposal is due to avoided energy use for electricity generation resulting from energy production at landfills (using recovered methane) and/or wasteincineration facilities.

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    Note: The negative numbers denote energy savings.

    Reporting Year 0Aluminum Cans #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Steel Cans #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Glass #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!HDPE #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!LDPE #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!PET #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Corrugated Cardboard #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Magazines/Third-class Mail #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Newspaper #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Office Paper #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Phonebooks #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Textbooks #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Whole Computers #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Food Scraps #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Yard Trimmings #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Grass #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Leaves #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Branches #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Ferrous Scrap Metal #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Aluminum Scrap Metal #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Copper Wire #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Tires #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Construction & Demolition NA NA NA NA NACarpet #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Dimensional Lumber #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Medium-density Fiberboard #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Clay Bricks NA NA NA NA NAAggregate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Fly Ash #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Paper, Broad Definition #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Metals #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Plastics #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Table 6b. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling Continued..

    Net EnergyConsumption from

    Recycling asCompared to

    Disposal(Million BTUs) Oil Saved

    (Barrels)Gas Saved

    (Gallons)

    Reduction of "Average" Passenger

    Cars on theRoad/Year

    Reduction of Car Emissions (CO 2

    Tons/Year)

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    Table 7. Energy Savings Comparisons

    CONSUMPTION COMPARISONS EXPENDITURE COMPARISONS GENERATION COMPARISO

    ENERGY SECTOR Reporting Year 0 0

    Residential 0 #DIV/0! $0 #DIV/0!Commercial 0 #DIV/0! $0 #DIV/0!Industrial 0 #DIV/0! $0 #DIV/0!Transportation 0 #DIV/0! $0 #DIV/0!Total Consumption 0 #DIV/0! $0 #DIV/0!

    ENERGY SOURCE Reporting Year 0 0Petroleum 0 #DIV/0!Natural Gas 0 #DIV/0!Coal 0 #DIV/0! 0Hydroelectric 0 #DIV/0!Nuclear 0 #DIV/0! 0Total 0 #DIV/0! 0

    OTHER COMPARISONS Million BTUs Per Household #DIV/0!

    Sources:Table 5a. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and ReuseTable 6a. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling

    U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). "EIA State Energy Page." (2006). 1 Sept 06 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_states.html.U.S. Department of Commerce. "State and Metropolitan Area Data Book - 5th Edition." (1997-1998). 21 Dec 05 http://www.census.gov/prod/3/98pubs/smadb-97.pdf.U.S. Census Bureau. "State and County QuickFacts." (2000). 21 Dec 05 http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/.

    StatewideConsumption(Million BTUs)

    Source Reduction,Reuse and RecyclingEnergy Savings as aPercentage of Each

    Sector & SourceConsumption

    StatewideExpenditures

    (Million NominalDollars)

    Value of SourceReduction, Reuse

    and RecyclingEnergy Savings(Million Nominal

    Dollars)

    Statewide EnergyGeneration by

    Source(Million BTUs)

    SouReusEne

    PGe

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    Chart 7. Energy Savings Comparisons

    Energy Saved by SourceReduction, Reuse & Recyc- Statewide HydroelectricConsumption Statewide Coal Consumption

    0

    0000

    0111

    1

    1son: Source Reduction, Reuse, and Recycling Energy Savings vs. Selected Consumption Sources (Millio

    Energy Saved by SourceReduction, Reuse & Recyc-

    Statewide Coal Power Genera-tion

    Statewide Nuclear Power Generation

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    0

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1rison: Source Reduction, Reuse, and Recycling Energy Savings vs. Selected Energy Generation (Million

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    Chart 8. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container

    GHG Emissions fromRecycling

    GHG Emissions fromDisposal

    GHG Benefit of Recycling(vs. Disposal)

    0000

    00000001111111111

    GHG Emissions from Recycling

    Impacts of Recycling and Disposal of a Typical CurbsideSet-Out Container on GHG (MTCE/Year)

    *A negative value for disposal may be due to the following factors: 1) avoided greenhouse gas emissions at electric utilities due to energy production at landfills (usingrecovered methane) or waste incineration facilities; and/or 2) long-term s torage of carbon in landfills.

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    Table 9. Energy Savings as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container Note: The negative numbers denote energy savings.Note: This data is based on an average mix of recyclables in a set-out container or blue bin. This could be placed at curbside or dropped off at a Recycling Center or Transfer Station.

    Tons RecycledReporting Year 0 (Million BTUs)Aluminum Cans 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Steel Cans 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Glass 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!HDPE 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    LDPE 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!PET 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Corrugated Cardboard 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Magazines/Third-class Mail 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Newspaper 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Office Paper 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Phonebooks 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Textbooks 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Plastics 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!Mixed Recyclables 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Total 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #D

    Sources:0U.S. EPA. "WARM Online, Version 8." (June 2006). 26 June 06 http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/WARM.

    Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). "Table VM-1: Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled in Miles and Related Data- 2004". (2006) 1 Sept 06 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/h

    U.S. Climate Technology Cooperation Gateway. "Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator." 18 Jan 06 http://www.usctcgateway.net/tool/.

    Energy Use if AllRecycled

    (Million BTUs)

    Energy Use if Recyclables HadBeen Disposed(Million BTUs)

    Net EnergyConsumption from

    Recycling asCompared to

    Disposal Oil Saved(Barrels)

    Gas Sav(G

    U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition." EPA 530-R-02-006. 11 Nov 2005 http://www.epa.gov/epahw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.

    Energy Information Adminstration (EIA). "Annual Energy Review 2005: Table A3: Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2005." (2006). 1 Sephttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_3.pdf.

    U.S. EPA and ICF Consulting Group. "Waste Management and Energy Savings: Benefits by the Numbers." (2005). 18 Jan 06http://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdf. Another source: Energy Information Adminstration (EIA). "AnnuaTable A2: Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2005." (2006). 1 Sept 06 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_

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    Chart 9. Energy Savings as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container

    0

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    Net Energy from Recycling

    pacts of Recycling and Disposal of a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container on Energy Use (Million BTU/Yea

    *A negative value for disposal is due to avoided energy use for electricity generation resulting from energy production at landfills (using recovered methane) and/or wasteincineration facilities.

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    Table 10: Energy Savings from Computer Source Reduction and ReuseNote: The negative numbers denote energy savings.To calculate oil saved in gallons: multiply oil saved in barrels by 42.

    Reporting Year 0Reused Whole Computers 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Sources:0U.S. EPA. "WARM Online, Version 8." (June 2006). 26 June 06 http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/WARM.

    Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). "Table VM-1: Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled in Miles and Related Data- 2004". (2006) 1 Sept 06 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/

    U.S. Climate Technology Cooperation Gateway. "Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator." 18 Jan 06 http://www.usctcgateway.net/tool/.

    Table 11: Energy Savings from Computer RecyclingNote: The negative numbers denote energy savings.To calculate oil saved in gallons: multiply oil saved in barrels by 42.

    Tons RecycledReporting Year 0Recycled Whole Computers 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

    Sources:0

    Tons SourceReduced/Reused

    Energy Use if SourceReduced and Reused

    (MillionBTUs)

    Energy Use if ItemsHad Been Disposed

    (Million BTUs)

    Net EnergyConsumption fromSource Reduction

    and Resue asCompared to

    Disposal(Million BTUs)

    Oil Saved(Barrels)

    Gas Sav(

    U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition." EPA 530-R-02-006. 11 Nov 2005 http://www.epa.gov/epahw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.

    Energy Information Adminstration (EIA). "Annual Energy Review 2005: Table A3: Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2005." (2006). 1 Sehttp://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_3.pdf.

    U.S. EPA and ICF Consulting Group. "Waste Management and Energy Savings: Benefits by the Numbers." (2005). 18 Jan 06http://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdf. Another source: Energy Information Adminstration (EIA). "AnnuaTable A2: Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2005." (2006). 1 Sept 06 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13

    Energy Use if AllRecycled

    (Million BTUs)

    Energy Use if Recyclables HadBeen Disposed(Million BTUs)

    Net EnergyConsumption from

    Recycling asCompared to

    Disposal(Million BTUs)

    Oil Saved(Barrels)

    Gas Sav(

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    Table 12. Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Steel Source Reduction and Reuse

    Reporting Year 0Ferrous Steel 0 0 0 0 0

    Sources:0Steel Recycling Institute. "Fact Sheet: What are other benefits of steel recycling?" 18 Jan 2006 http://www.recycle-steel.org/PDFs/brochures/buyrec.pdf.Personal communication with Steel Recycling Institute. January 2006.

    Table 13. Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Steel & Glass Recycling

    Tons RecycledReporting Year 0 (Tons) (Tons)Ferrous Steel 0 0 0 0Glass 0 0 0 0Total 0 0 0 0 0 0

    Sources:0Steel Recycling Institute. "Fact Sheet: What are other benefits of steel recycling?" 18 Jan 2006 http://www.recycle-steel.org/PDFs/brochures/buyrec.pdf.Personal communication with Steel Recycling Institute. January 2006.Glass Packaging Institute. "Glass Recycling and the Environment" (2005). 14 Aug 2006 http://www.gpi.org/recycling/environment/.

    Table 14: Number of Tree Seedlings Grown for 10 Years as a Result of Paper Recycling

    Tons RecycledReporting Year 0Newspaper & Phone Books 0 0

    0 0

    Total 0 0

    Tons SourceReduced/Reused

    Limestone SavedThrough Source

    Reduction and Reuse(Tons)

    Iron Ore SavedThrough SourceReduction and

    Reuse(Tons)

    Coal Saved ThroughSource Reductionand Reuse

    (Tons)

    Total ResourcesSaved Through

    Source Reductionand Reuse

    (Tons)

    Limestone SavedThrough Recycling

    (Tons)

    Iron Ore SavedThrough Recycling

    (Tons)

    Coal Saved ThroughRecycling

    Sand SavedThrough

    RecyclingSoda Ash Sav

    Through Recyc(Tons)

    Number of TreesSeedlings Grown for 10 Years

    Office Paper, Textbooks, Magazines,Cardboard

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    Table 2. Energy Emissions/Savings from Various MSW Management Options

    (Million BTU/Ton)

    MaterialAluminum Cans (126.18) (206.42) NA 0.42 0.53Steel Cans (30.79) (19.97) NA (17.24) 0.53Copper Wire (122.31) (82.59) NA 0.39 0.53Aluminum Scrap Metal (126.18) (206.42) NA 0.42 0.53Ferrous Scrap Metal (30.79) (19.97) NA (17.24) 0.53Glass (7.53) (2.13) NA 0.38 0.53HDPE (63.68) (50.90) NA (6.37) 0.53LDPE (73.92) (56.01) NA (6.37) 0.53PET (70.67) (52.83) NA (3.16) 0.53Corrugated Cardboard (21.91) (15.42) NA (2.21) 0.23Magazines/Third-class Mail (33.21) (0.69) NA (1.58) 0.41Newspaper (36.45) (16.49) NA (2.54) 0.42Office Paper (36.58) (10.08) NA (2.13) 0.01Phonebooks (39.87) (11.42) NA (2.54) 0.42Textbooks (35.30) (0.53) NA (2.13) 0.01Dimensional Lumber (3.53) 0.59 NA (2.66) 0.37Medium-density Fiberboard (11.51) 0.86 NA (2.66) 0.37Food Scraps NA NA 0.58 (0.55) 0.33Yard Trimmings NA NA 0.58 (0.70) 0.41Grass NA NA 0.58 (0.70) 0.46Leaves NA NA 0.58 (0.70) 0.41Branches NA NA 0.58 (0.70) 0.37Mixed Paper, Broad Definition NA (22.94) NA (2.22) 0.24 broad mixed = 24% Onp, 48% OCC, 2Mixed Paper, Residential NA (22.94) NA (2.21) 0.26 residential mixed = 23% ONP, 53% OCMixed Paper, Office NA (13.95) NA (2.02) 0.25 mixed office = 21% ONP, 5% OCC, 38Mixed Metals NA (74.81) NA 0.38 0.53

    Note: When users indicate that they are "recycling" materials like yard trimmings, food scraps, mixed organics, etc, U.S. EPAcalculates the benefit of composting these materials.

    Energy Emissions/Savings from MSW Management Options (Assuming InitialProduction Using the Current Mix of Virgin and Recycled Inputs)

    Net SourceReduction/

    Reuse Energy

    Net Recycling

    Energy

    NetComposting

    Energy

    NetCombustion

    Energy

    Net Landfilling

    Energy

    steel can emissionfactors used as proxyfor ferrous scrap metal

    aluminum can emissionfactors used as proxyfor aluminum scrapmetal

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    Table 3. Miscellaneous Energy Conversion Factors

    Conversion Type Value Unit SourcesHousehold

    103.8

    Vehicle

    69

    557 Gallons/Year

    Energy content of gasoline 5.218

    Energy content of gasoline 42 Gallons/ Barrel Basic conversion

    Energy content of gasoline 0.124

    Energy content of oil 5.8

    Energy content of oil 42 Gallons/Barrel

    Reduction of Car Emissions 5.09

    Table 4. Natural Resource Conversion Factors

    Ferrous Steel Conversion Factors Glass Conversion Factors

    Energy use for an "average"household for one year

    MillionBTU/Year

    U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. "2005 Buildings EResidential Delivered and Primary Energy Consumption Intensities, by Year." (2006). 18 Jan 06http://btscoredatabook.eren.doe.gov/docs/1.2.4.pdf.

    Energy use for an "average"passenger car for one year

    MillionBTU/Year

    Calculated using fuel use for an "average" passenger car for one year in gallons and energy content BTU/gallon.

    Fuel use for an "average"passenger car for one year

    Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). "Table VM-1: Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled in Mi(2006) 1 Sept 06 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs04/pdf/vm1.pdf.

    MillionBTU/Barrel

    Energy Information Adminstration (EIA). "Annual Energy Review 2005: Table A3: Approximate HConsumption, Selected Years, 1949-2005." (2006). 1 Sept 06 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf

    MillionBTU/Gallon Calculated by dividing the energy content of gasoline in million BTU/barrel by the energy content o

    MillionBTU/Barrel

    U.S. EPA and ICF Consulting Group. "Waste Management and Energy Savings: Benefits by the Nuhttp://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%source: Energy Information Adminstration (EIA). "Annual Energy Review 2005: Table A2: ApproPetroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2005." (2006). 1 Sept 06http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_2.pdf.

    U.S. EPA and ICF Consulting Group. "Waste Management and Energy Savings: Benefits by the Nuhttp://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%

    CO2 Tons/Year U.S. Climate Technology Cooperation Gateway. "Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator." 18 Jahttp://www.usctcgateway.net/tool/.

    Pounds of Material Saved

    Pounds of Material Saved

    average deliveredenergy consumptionper U.S household in

    Used in the calculation of "EnergySavings in Per Household Equivalent(# of houses/year)" in Table 7 on

    the Environmental Impactsworksheet.

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    Table 5. Number of Tree Seedlings Grown for 10 Years as a Result of Paper Recycling

    Newspaper & Phone Books 52

    78

    Sources:

    Personal communication with ICF Consulting. July 2006.

    Table 6. Landfill Space Saved as a Result of Paper Recycling

    Item

    Notes: These figures are determined by taking US EPA's forest carbon sequestration value (0.55 MTCE/ton for mechanically and 0.83 MTCE/ton for chemically pulped papers and divide itree seedling value (0.011 MTCE per tree seedling grown for 10 years).

    ForestSequestration

    Equal toNumber of

    TreesSeedlings

    Grown for 10 Years

    Office Paper, Textbooks,Magazines, & Cardboard

    U.S. Climate Technology Cooperation Gateway. "Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator." 31 Jul 06http://www.usctcgateway.net/tool/.

    U.S. EPA. "WARM Online, Version 8." (June 2006). 26 June 06http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/WARM.U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition."EPA 530-R-02-006. 11 Nov 2005 http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.

    Cubic Yards of

    Landfill SpaceSaved per Ton

    of Paper Recycled

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    Source Reduced and Reused 0Total 0

    Impacts of Source Reduction/Reuse and Disposal on GHG MTCEGHG Emissions from Source Reduction and Reuse 0GHG Emissions from Disposal #DIV/0!GHG Benefit of Source Reduction and Reuse (vs. Disposal) #DIV/0!

    Impacts of Recycling and Disposal on GHG MTCEGHG Emissions from Recycling 0

    GHG Emissions from Disposal #DIV/0!GHG Benefit of Recycling (vs. Disposal) #DIV/0!

    Million BTUsNet Energy from Source Reduction and Reuse 0Net Energy from Disposal #DIV/0!Energy Savings Due to Source Reduction and Reuse #DIV/0!

    Impacts of Recycling and Disposal on Energy Use Million BTUsNet Energy from Recycling 0Net Energy from Disposal #DIV/0!Energy Savings Due to Recycling #DIV/0!

    Million BTUsEnergy Saved by Source Reduction, Reuse & Recycling #DIV/0!Statewide Hydroelectric Consumption 0Statewide Coal Consumption 0

    Impacts of Source Reduction/Reuse and Disposal on EnergyUse

    Comparison: Source Reduction, Reuse, and RecyclingEnergy Savings vs. Selected Consumption Sources

    These'ImpactGHG' in

    These da'ImpactsEnergy U

    These d'EnergyEnviron

    Thesefor 'Imp

    Thesefor 'Imand DiEnviro

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    MTCEGHG Emissions from Recycling 0GHG Emissions from Disposal #DIV/0!GHG Benefit of Recycling (vs. Disposal) #DIV/0!

    Million BTUsNet Energy from Recycling 0Net Energy from Disposal #DIV/0!

    Energy Savings Due to Recycling #DIV/0!

    Impacts of Recycling and Disposal of a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container on GHG

    Impacts of Recycling and Disposal of a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container on Energy Use

    ecyc ng

    Container

    These daRecyclinContaine

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    numbers are used for thent of Materials Recycled' barn the Environmental Impacts

    data are used in the 'Materialsgement Overview' pie chart innvironmental Impacts

    oughout the Calculator.

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    ata are used in the bar chart fors of Recycling and Disposal onthe Environmental Impacts

    ta are used in the bar chart forof Recycling and Disposal onse' in the Environmental Impacts

    ata are used in the bar chart forSavings Comparisons' in the

    mental Impacts Worksheet.

    ata are used in the bar chartacts of Source

    data are used in the bar chartacts of Source Reduction/Reuseposal on Energy Use' in themental Impacts Worksheet.

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    an sposa a yp ca ur s e e - uon GHGl' in the Environmental Impacts

    ta are used in the bar chart for Impacts of and Disposal a Typical Curbside Set-Out

    r on Energy Use' in the Environmental Impacts

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    #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

    Percentof EnergyUsed byIndustry

    Gas Saved(Gallons)

    Energy Savingsin Per "Average"Household

    (No. of Houses/Year)

    Net EnergyConsumption

    fromRecycling -CURBSIDE

    ONLY

    TonsRecycled(Steel &Glass)

    Limestone Tons

    Iron OreTons

    CoalTons

    SandTons

    Soda AshTons

    Feldspar Tons

    Paper Tons

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    0 0 0

    Number of Tree

    SeedlingsGrown

    TotalPaper Tons

    LandfillSpace

    Saved byRecycling