Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

50
'()*$ +,"-./,$ 0"+ 01)+ -$ 2130($ *4'2151-.1 617( 8&9: '21;13.$ 2.+2)-".+$ $( +$2<2-"#$ = >$+/ ); ;1)?$") 31*@-$ ,21;13.A)$ 600-.2"(.1; B -" 5.-.@+$ *$/ 0"0.$+/ #+"0C.A)$/ D,*"2($)+/ : E.21-"/ F1)G1) H)-.$(($ I)J$+( 102/2;*#$% 102/2;*#$% <*&%0$%=& 32/>.$%=& >?"#$%&'#

description

Application à la filière des papiers graphiques

Transcript of Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

Page 1: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%&!!

!

!

%

%

%%%

%%%

%%

%'()*$%+,"-./,$%0"+%!%

%%01)+%-$%2130($%*4'2151-.1%%617(%8&9:%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

'21;13.$%2.+2)-".+$%$(%+$2<2-"#$%=%%>$+/%);%;1)?$")%31*@-$%,21;13.A)$%%%600-.2"(.1;%B%-"%5.-.@+$%*$/%0"0.$+/%#+"0C.A)$/!

D,*"2($)+/%:!! E.21-"/%F1)G1)! ! ! H)-.$(($%I)J$+(!

! 102/2;*#$%! ! ! 102/2;*#$%!! <*&%0$%=&!32/>.$%=&!>?"#$%&'#! ! !

Page 2: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%9!!

!

! !

% !+,"3J)-$% %!

% % %!

% K<;(C@/$% % 6!% % %

!!"+(.$%9L% M4,21;13.$%2.+2)-".+$N%);$%+,?1-)(.1;%$;%#$/("(.1;% % @!

%% A8B8C! D2=&E=2*!0F./G%&!>%!;2>'-%!H02/2;*E=%!I! ! @!

% A8B6C! )%#!0F2*J!K2##*,-%#! ! L!

%% A8B9C! )%#!K&*/0*K%#!>%!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%! ! M!

% A8BNC! O=%-E=%#!%J%;K-%#!>?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%!>./#!-%!;2/>%! ! 89!

% A8BPC! )%!0F./G%;%/$!%/!K&.$*E=%! % 8P!

% % % !

!"+(.$%8L% D$/(")+$+%-"%2130,(.(.?.(,%*$%-4.;*)/(+.$%5+";O"./$%*)%0"0.$+%#+"0C.A)$N%);$%;,2$//.(,% % 8L!

%A6B8C! )%!&%0=-!>%!-.!K&2>=0$*2/!%$!>%!-.!02/#2;;.$*2/!

! 8L!!

% A6B6C! )%#!>H$%&;*/./$#!>%!-.!02;KH$*$*+*$H!>./#!-?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%! ! 68!

% A6B9C! )?%33%$!0*#%.=J!025$#!Q!K&*JR!=/!&*#E=%!&H%-!S!;2T%/!$%&;%! ! 6M!

% ! ! ! !

!"+(.$%:L% M"%5.-.@+$%0"0.$+/%$;%31*$%2.+2)-".+$% % 96!

! A9B8C! )%#!>*33H&%/$%#!3.0%$$%#!>=!;2>'-%!0*&0=-.*&%! ! 96!

! A9B6C! ).!02/#2;;.$*2/!>?%.=!%$!>?H/%&G*%! ! 9@!

! A9B9C! )%#!%/U%=J!>=!&%0T0-.G%! ! 9V!

! A9BNC! )%#!%/U%=J!>%!-?H0202/0%K$*2/! ! N6!

! A9BPC! ).!>%;./>%!>%!K.K*%&!&%0T0-H! ! N9!

! A9B@C! WT/$F'#%!>%#!K&H02/*#.$*2/#! ! NP!

! ! ! ! !

! ! X2$%!;H$F2>2-2G*E=%! ! NL!

P"J-$%*$/%3"(.@+$/!

Page 3: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%8!!

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`-%#! */$%&+%/./$#! >%! -.! 02--%0$%R! >=! $&*! %$! >=! &%0T0-.G%aR! %/! 3.+2&*#%! >?.=$&%#! `-%#!&HK.&.$%=&#R! -%#! 3.,&*0./$#! >%! K&2>=*$#! -2/G=%! >=&H%aR! ;.*#! %#$! .=##*! #=#0%K$*,-%! >?%/! 3.*&%! >*#K.&.b$&%! `-%#!%/$&%K&*#%#!E=*!K&2>=*#%/$!2=!E=*!>*#$&*,=%/$!>%#!K&2>=*$#!>%!3.*,-%!E=.-*$H!%$Q2=!>%#!K&2>=*$#!K%=!>=&.,-%#!2=!K%=!3*.,-%#aB!1=J!/?2/$!K.#!*/$H&[$!.=!>H+%-2KK%;%/$!>%!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%R!0%!E=*!&.-%/$*$!-%!K.##.G%!>?=/!#T#$';%!S!-?.=$&%B!"U2=$2/#!S!0%-.!E=%!-.!K&*#%!%/!02;K$%!>%!3.0$%=&#!H02-2G*E=%#!02;;%!-?HK=*#%;%/$!>%!0%&$.*/%#!&%##2=&0%#!32##*-%#!`-%!,2*#!K.&!%J%;K-%a!>./#! -%=&#!#$&.$HG*%#!/H0%##*$%!>%! -.!K.&$!>%#!%/$&%K&*#%#!=/!0.-0=-!H02/2;*E=%!,.#H!#=&!>%#!$.=J!>?.0$=.-*#.$*2/!E=*!$%/>%/$!+%&#!7!`0?%#$ZSZ>*&%!=/%!\!K&H3H&%/0%!K2=&!-%!3=$=&!]!*/3*/*%a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c*%/!#5&R!2/!K2=&&.*$!/2=#!2KK2#%&!E=%!-.!32&[$!3&./d.*#%!&%#$%!.,2/>./$%!:! -%#!%J$&.0$*2/#!>%;%=&%/$!*/3H&*%=&%#!S!#.!K&2G&%##*2/B!e-!/?%#$!K2=&$./$!K.#!*/=$*-%!>?H02/2;*#%&!0%$$%!&%##2=&0%B!<HUSR!$&./#32&;%&!-%!,2*#!%/!Kf$%!S!K.K*%&!&%E=*'&%!>%!-?H/%&G*%R!>%#!*/$&./$#!0F*;*E=%#R!>%!-?%.=!4!%$!0%-.!%/!K-=#!G&./>%!E=./$*$H! E=%! -2&#E=%! -?2/! 3.,&*E=%! -.! Kf$%! S! K.&$*&! >%! +*%=J! K.K*%&#B! 1/#=*$%R! K-=#! >%! -.!;2*$*H! >%! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%!=$*-*#H%!K2=&!3.,&*E=%&!>=!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%!/?%#$!K.#!*##=%!>%#!32&[$#!3&./d.*#%#R!0.&!%--%!%#$!*;K2&$H%R!.+%0!>2/0!=/%!%;K&%*/$%!H02-2G*E=%!/2/!/HG-*G%.,-%B!1/3*/R!S!;2T%/Z-2/G!$%&;%R!-.!>%;./>%!>%!,2*#!K2=&!>?.=$&%#!=#.G%#!E=%!-.!3.,&*0.$*2/!>%!K.K*%&!>%+&.*$!.=G;%/$%&R!%$!-.!K&=>%/0%!H-H;%/$.*&%!02;;./>%!>%!#?T!K&HK.&%&!>'#!;.*/$%/./$B!!

Page 4: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%:!!

!M$%+$2<2-"#$%5"2($)+%*$%2130,(.(.?.(,%*$%-"%5.-.@+$%!).! 3*-*'&%! ,2*#ZK.K*%&Z*;K&*;%&*%! %;K-2*%! K-=#! >%! 677!777! K%&#2//%#! %/! g&./0%B! 1--%! %#$! -?=/%! >%#! */>=#$&*%#!3&./d.*#%#!-%#!K-=#!%/!>*33*0=-$HB!D2=&!-%#!K&2>=*$#!>%#!*/>=#$&*%#!>=!,2*#R!>=!K.K*%&R!>=!0.&$2/!%$!>%!-?*;K&*;%&*%R!-%!>H3*0*$! 02;;%&0*.-! #?%#$! H-%+H! S! NRN!;*--*.&>#! >?%=&2#! %/! 6786R! #2*$! %/+*&2/! @h! >=! >H3*0*$! G-2,.-! >%! -.! g&./0%B! W*!-?%;K-2*! >./#! -?%/#%;,-%! >%! -.! 3*-*'&%! .! &%0=-H! >%! 97h! %/$&%! 6777! %$! 6787R! 0%! &%0=-! .! .$$%*/$! 9Lh! K2=&! -.! #%=-%!3.,&*0.$*2/!>%!K.K*%&Z0.&$2/B! ).!K&2>=0$*2/! 3&./d.*#%!>%! K.K*%&! G&.KF*E=%!,.*##%!>%K=*#! 677@B! Y%$$%!,.*##%!%#$! -.!&H#=-$./$%!>%!>%=J!KFH/2;'/%#!:!-.!02/$&.0$*2/!>=!;.&0FH!*/$H&*%=&!`>&.;%!K2=&!=/%!*/>=#$&*%!S!025$#!3*J%#!H-%+H#R!E=*!.;2&0%! -.!,.*##%!>%#!025$#!;2T%/#!K.&!>%#!+%/$%#!\!>%!K&2J*;*$H!]a!%$! -.!K%&$%!>%!02;KH$*$*+*$H!%J$H&*%=&%!>=!#%0$%=&!`;.&E=H%!K.&!=/%!F.=##%!>%#!*;K2&$.$*2/#!%$!=/%!,.*##%!>%!-.!K.&$!>%!;.&0FH!3&./d.*#%!S!-?%JK2&$aB!!i&R! -?./.-T#%! >%#! K&*/0*K.=J! K.T#! K&2>=0$%=&#! /2=#! .;'/%! S! 02/0-=&%! E=%! -%#! H-H;%/$#! >H$%&;*/./$#! K2=&! -.!02;KH$*$*+*$H!>%#!3.,&*0./$#!>%!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%!%=&2KH%/#!#2/$!:!!

! -.!&H#*#$./0%!>%#!#%0$%=&#!0-*%/$#!#=&!-%!;.&0FH!/.$*2/.-!j!!

! -%#!*/+%#$*##%;%/$#!j!!

! -?=$*-*#.$*2/!>%!K.K*%&!&%0T0-HB!!

"*/#*R! -.!;2/$H%!%/!K=*##./0%!>=!&%0T0-.G%!K.&! -%#! */>=#$&*%-#R!E=*!K2=&&.*$![$&%!02/#*>H&H%!02;;%!=/%!02/$&.*/$%!*/=$*-%R! %#$! %/! &H.-*$H!=/! 3.0$%=&!>%! &%#$.=&.$*2/!>%! -.! 02;KH$*$*+*$H!>%#!K&2>=0$%=&#! 3&./d.*#R! ,*%/!E=%! -.! &*G=%=&!K2=##%!S!&.KK%-%&!E=?*-!/?%#$!/*!-%!K&*/0*K.-!/*!-%!#%=-B!)?./.-T#%!0&2*#H%!>%#!>2//H%#!*/$%&/.$*2/.-%#!#=&!-.!K&2>=0$*2/!>%!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%!%$!-%!$.=J!>?=$*-*#.$*2/!>%!K.K*%&!&%0T0-H!3.*$!.KK.&.b$&%!=/!-*%/!%/$&%!=$*-*#.$*2/!>%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!%$!02;KH$*$*+*$HR!;[;%!#*!>?.=$&%#!3.0$%=&#!*/$%&3'&%/$B!W=&!-.!KH&*2>%!677PZ6787R!-%#!>%=J!K.T#!E=*!=$*-*#.*%/$!-%!K-=#!>%!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!`"--%;.G/%!%$!1#K.G/%a!2/$!-*;*$H!-.!,.*##%!>%!-%=&!K&2>=0$*2/!>%!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%B!)%!D2&$=G.-!.!.=G;%/$H! #.! K&2>=0$*2/! ;.-G&H! =/! $.=J! >?=$*-*#.$*2/! 3.*,-%R! ;.*#! >=! 3.*$! >?=/%! 2=+%&$=&%! >%! #*$%R! %$! %/! &.*#2/!>?.=$&%#!3.0$%=&#!>%!02;KH$*$*+*$H!`*/+%#$*##%;%/$#R!.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$!%/!Kf$%!>?%=0.-TK$=#aB!!)?.+./$.G%!02;KH$*$*3!>%#!K.K%$*%&#!E=*!=$*-*#%/$!-%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!#?%JK-*E=%!#%-2/!/2=#!>%!>%=J!3.d2/#!K&*/0*K.-%#!:!!

! *-#! ,H/H3*0*%/$! >?=/%! &%##2=&0%! >2/$! -%! K&*J! %#$! -HG'&%;%/$! .+./$.G%=J! >./#! -.!;%#=&%! 2k! -%#! 02=&#! >%#!+*%=J! K.K*%&#! #=*+%/$! 0%=J! >=! ,2*#! .+%0! =/! K%=! >%! &%$.&>B! <./#! =/! 02/$%J$%! F.=##*%&R! 0%-.! &%#$%! =/!.+./$.G%B!X2$&%!-*+&%!,-./0!;2/$&%!%/!2=$&%!E=%%0%!>H0.-.G%!%#$!.KK%-H!S!#?.00%/$=%&!S!-?.+%/*&!j!

!! -%#! K.K%$*%&#! E=*! =$*-*#%/$! >%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! #2/$! .=##*! GH/H&.-%;%/$! 0%=J! E=*! 2/$! %33%0$=H! >%#!

*/+%#$*##%;%/$#! -%! K-=#! &H0%;;%/$! `-%#! >%=J! 3.0$%=&#! >%! 02;KH$*$*+*$H! E=%! #2/$! -?*/+%#$*##%;%/$! %$!-?.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$!%/!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!/%!3.*#./$!E=?=/aB!

!e-! 3.=$!,*%/!/2$%&!E=%!>./#! -%! #0FH;.!>%! -?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%!.KK-*E=H%!.=!K.K*%&! G&.KF*E=%R! -%#! %/$&%K&*#%#!E=*!02/$*/=%&2/$!>%!K&2>=*&%!>%!-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%!#%&2/$!02/3&2/$H%#!#*;=-$./H;%/$!S!=/%!,.*##%!$%/>./0*%--%!>%#!02=&#!>%!-.! Kf$%! `;2*/#! =$*-*#H%! %/! &.*#2/! >%! -.! 02/0=&&%/0%! >%! -.! Kf$%! &%0T0-H%a! %$! =/%! F.=##%! >%#! 025$#!>?.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$B!Y%#!K.K%$*%&#! #%&2/$!>2/0!02/3&2/$H#!S!=/!%33%$!0*#%.=J!025$#ZK&*J!K&2,-H;.$*E=%!K2=&! -%=&!&%/$.,*-*$H!%$!-%=&!02;KH$*$*+*$HR!0%!E=*!/2=#!&.;'/%!S!-.!>%#$&=0$*2/Z0&H.$&*0%!#0F=;KH$H&*%//%B!%%%

Page 5: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%U!!

%M4"?$;.+%*)%+$2<2-"#$%*$%?.$)V%0"0.$+/%%)?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!3&./d.*#%!%#$!K-=$_$!,*%/!K-.0H%!%/!0%!E=*!02/0%&/%!-?%33*0*%/0%!H/%&GH$*E=%!>%#!K&20%##=#!>%!K&2>=0$*2/B!)?*/$%/#*$H!H/%&GH$*E=%!>%!-.!K&2>=0$*2/!>%!-.!3*-*'&%!`*;K&*;%&*%!02;K&*#%a!.!,.*##H!>%!8Ph!%/$&%!6777!%$! 6787R! .-2&#! E=?%--%! .! 02/$*/=H! >?.=G;%/$%&! %/! 1=&2K%B! ).! K.&$! >%! -.! 02/#2;;.$*2/! >%! K.K*%&! E=*! %#$! $&*H%! %$!&%0T0-H%!.!,%.=02=K!K&2G&%##H!0%#!>%&/*'&%#!.//H%#B!)%!$.=J!>%!&H0=KH&.$*2/!>%#!K.K*%&#!G&.KF*E=%#!.$$%*/$!NVh!%/!g&./0%!%/!6786B!Y%!$.=J!.!K&2G&%##H!>?=/!K%=!K-=#!>?=/!K2*/$!K.&!./!%/$&%!677V!%$!6786B!!^.*#!K2=&!.--%&!K-=#!-2*/R!-%!#%0$%=&!>=!&%0T0-.G%!>=!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%!`02--%0$%!%$!$&*a!>2*$!;.*/$%/./$!&%-%+%&!$&2*#!G&./>#!>H3*#!:!!

! .00&2b$&%!#%#!>H,2=0FH#!%/!g&./0%!j!!

! K&H#%&+%&!-.!E=.-*$H!>%!-.!;.$*'&%!j!!

! >%+%/*&!&%/$.,-%B!!E1/%0+101/.(.1;/%!D2=&!3.0*-*$%&!%$!.00H-H&%&!-.!$&./#*$*2/!+%&#!=/!;2>%!&H%--%;%/$!\!0*&0=-.*&%!]!>%!K&2>=0$*2/!>=!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%R!*-!/2=#!.KK.&.b$!/H0%##.*&%R!>?=/%!K.&$R!>%! +,*).+$% -$/% 217(/%*$%21--$2($%$(%*$% (+.! `K2=&!+*.,*-*#%&! -?233&%aR! %$!>?.=$&%!K.&$R!>%!*<;"3./$+% -"%*$3";*$%*$%0"0.$+%B%J"/$%*$% 5.J+$/%+$2<2-,$/B! ).!0&H.$*2/!>?=/%!,2=&#%!>%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!K%&;%$$&.*$! >%! 3.0*-*$%&! -?.00'#! >%#! 3.,&*0./$#! >%! K.K*%&#! G&.KF*E=%#! .=J!;%*--%=&%#! #2&$%#! `.0$=%--%;%/$! #2=+%/$!0.K$H%#!K.&!-?*/>=#$&*%!>=!K.K*%&!#./*$.*&%aB!!!D2=&!.,.*##%&!-%#!025$#!>%!02--%0$%!%$!>%!$&*R!/2=#!K&H02/*#2/#!:!

!

9L )%!K.##.G%!S!=/%!02--%0$%!#HK.&H%!>%#!K.K*%&#!G&.KF*E=%#R!%/!.KK2&$!+2-2/$.*&%R!K.&$2=$!2=!0%-.!%#$!K2##*,-%!S!K%=!>%!3&.*#R!%$!-%!;.*/$*%/!>%!-.!02--%0$%!#HK.&H%!%/!.KK2&$!+2-2/$.*&%!-S!2k!%--%!%J*#$%!`%/!l2/%!&=&.-%aB!!

8L )?.=$2;.$*#.$*2/!.00&=%!>%#!0%/$&%#!>%!$&*!`K2=&!-%!$&*!>=!K.K*%&a!%$!-.!02/0%/$&.$*2/!>%!0%!#%0$%=&B!!

:L m/!%332&$!K&*+H!.00&=!%/!;.$*'&%!>%!&%0F%&0F%!#=&!-%#!%/0&%#!%$!-%#!02--%#!`#2=$%/=!K.&!-%!>*#K2#*$*3!>=!Y&H>*$!e;K_$!n%0F%&0F%aB!!

UL m/%!K2=&#=*$%!>%#!%332&$#!>%!#%/#*,*-*#.$*2/!>=!G&./>!K=,-*0B!!

D2=&! %/02=&.G%&! -?=#.G%! >=! K.K*%&! &%0T0-HR! %$! >%! 0%! 3.*$R! */0*$%&! -?*/>=#$&*%! S! */+%#$*&! K2=&! ;2>*3*%&! -?2=$*-! >%!K&2>=0$*2/R!/2=#!K&H02/*#2/#!:!!

WL ).!0&H.$*2/!>?=/%!0%/$&.-%!>?.0F.$!>%#!0.F*%&#!>%#!H02-*%&#R!S!>%#$*/.$*2/!>%#!02;;=/%#R!.*/#*!E=o=/%!;2/$H%!K&2G&%##*+%!>%!-.!K.&$!>%#!0.F*%&#!&%0T0-H#!>./#!-%#!.0F.$#!>%!0%$$%!0%/$&.-%B!

!

XL )?*;K&%##*2/!>%#!;./=%-#!#02-.*&%#R!>=!;.$H&*%-!H-%0$2&.-R!>%#!32&;=-.*&%#!.>;*/*#$&.$*3#!#=&!K.K*%&#!&%0T0-H#B!

!

Page 6: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%W!!

YL <./#!=/!#2=0*!>%!$&./#K.&%/0%!%$!K2=&!2&*%/$%&!-%#!0F2*J!>%#!.0F%$%=&#R!-.!;*#%!%/!K-.0%!>?=/!H$*E=%$.G%!0.&,2/%!>%#!K&2>=*$#!G&.KF*E=%#!%$Q2=!-.!K2##*,*-*$H!>?.33*0F%&!-%!;2/$./$!>%!-?H0202/$&*,=$*2/!.=E=%-!#2/$!#2=;*#!-%#!K&2>=*$#!`/2$.;;%/$!#=&!-%#!3.0$=&%#!%/$&%!*/$%&;H>*.*&%#aB!

!D2=&! 3.*&%! >*#K.&.b$&%! -%! &*#E=%! >%! 02/$&%K.&$*%! .=E=%-! #2/$! #2=;*#! -%#! &H0=KH&.$%=&#! %$! 3.0*-*$%&! -?.00'#! >%#!K.K%$%&*%#! E=*! K&2>=*#%/$! >=! K.K*%&! G&.KF*E=%! .=J! ;%*--%=&%#! #2&$%#R! #2=+%/$! 0.K$H%#! K.&! -?*/>=#$&*%! >=! K.K*%&!#./*$.*&%R!/2=#!K&2K2#2/#!:!!

!

ZL ).!0&H.$*2/!>?=/!;.&0FH!2&G./*#H!>%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#R!>2$H!>?=/%!K-.$%Z32&;%!>?H0F./G%#!H-%0$&2/*E=%!%$!H+%/$=%--%;%/$!>?=/%!0F.;,&%!>%!02;K%/#.$*2/B!

!![1;(+$+%A)4,21;13.$%$(%*,?$-100$3$;(%*)+"J-$%;$%51;(%A)4);%!).!02/+%&#*2/!K&2G&%##*+%!>%!-?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!>%!-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%!S!-.!Kf$%!&%0T0-H%!.KK.&.b$!02;;%!=/%!/H0%##*$H!$./$! H02/2;*E=%! E=?H02-2G*E=%B! e-! %#$! /H0%##.*&%! E=%! -%#! =#*/%#! K.K%$*'&%#! */+%#$*##%/$! K2=&! &%#$.=&%&! -%=&!02;KH$*$*+*$HR! %$! -%#! $%/>./0%#! S! -?p=+&%! #=GG'&%/$! >%! #.*#*&! 0%$$%! 2KK2&$=/*$H! K2=&! ;2>*3*%&! -%#! ;2>%#!>?.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$B! <?=/! K2*/$! >%! +=%! H02-2G*E=%R! %JK2&$%&! -%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! &H0=KH&H#! %$! *;K2&$%&! >%! -.! Kf$%!+*%&G%!K&H#%/$%!=/!025$!%/+*&2//%;%/$.-R!0%-=*!E=*!%#$!.##20*H!.=J!H;*##*2/#!-*H%#!.=!$&./#K2&$B!m/%!$&./#32&;.$*2/!S!K&2J*;*$H!>%#!-*%=J!>%!02--%0$%!#%&.*$!K&H3H&.,-%!`K&*/0*K%!>%!K&2J*;*$HaB!).!K2-*$*E=%!K=,-*E=%!K%=$!233&*&!>%#!2=$*-#!*/0*$.$*3#R!>./#!-%!0.>&%!>?=/%!&%-.$*2/!E=.#*!02/$&.0$=%--%!.+%0!-%#!%/$&%K&*#%#B!e-!#%&.*$!32&;*>.,-%!E=%!0%$$%!3*-*'&%!;2/$&%!E=?H02/2;*%!%$!>H+%-2KK%;%/$!>=&.,-%!K%=+%/$!/%!3.*&%!E=?=/B!!! !

Page 7: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%X!!

%

!

\9L9]% !"#$%#"&'()*+,-$'.-'/".01-'2("+"/&%#-'3'!

)%#! K&H200=K.$*2/#! %/+*&2//%;%/$.-%#!&%;%$$%/$!.=U2=&>?F=*!%/!0.=#%!-%#!;2>%#!>%!K&2>=0$*2/! E=*! #2/$! 0%=J! >%#! #20*H$H#!>H+%-2KKH%#! >%K=*#! >%=J! #*'0-%#B! Y%#!;2>%#!>%!K&2>=0$*2/!&%K2#%/$!#=&!-%!#0FH;.!-*/H.*&%!#=*+./$!:!

3"(.@+$/%0+$3.@+$/%^%0+1*)2(.1;%^%21;/133"(.1;%^%*,2C$(/!

Y%!E=%!-?2/!.KK%--%!>?.*--%=&#R!>%K=*#!%/+*&2/!#2*J./$%! ./#R! -.! #20*H$H! >%! 02/#2;;.$*2/R!02&&%#K2/>!S!0%!#0FH;.!K2=##H!S! -?%J$&[;%!:!-.! K&2>=0$*2/! >%+*%/$! ;.##*+%R! -.!02/#2;;.$*2/! %#$! %/02=&.GH%! K.&! =/!&%/2=+%--%;%/$! 02/#$./$!>%#!K&2>=*$#! %$! K.&!-.! 0&H.$*2/! `K.&! >%#! ;2T%/#! ;.&q%$*/G#! %$!K=,-*0*$.*&%#a! >%! /2=+%.=J! ,%#2*/#R!-?2,#2-%#0%/0%! >%#! K&2>=*$#! %#$! K.&32*#!K&2G&.;;H%B!

e-! %#$! >H#2&;.*#! -.&G%;%/$! .>;*#! E=%! 0%!#0FH;.! >%! K&2>=0$*2/! /%! K%&;%$$&.! K.#! >%!&HK2/>&%!.=J!,%#2*/#!>%! -?F=;./*$H!>./#! -%#!+*/G$! S! $&%/$%! K&20F.*/%#! .//H%#! #./#!>./G%&#! G&.+%#! %$! *&&H+%&#*,-%#! K2=&!-?%/+*&2//%;%/$!Z!%$!>2/0!.=##*R! *%,'*%"R!K2=&!-?F=;./*$H!%--%Z;[;%B!Y.&!-?.=G;%/$.$*2/!>%!-.! K2K=-.$*2/! %$! -%! >H+%-2KK%;%/$! >%#! K.T#!H;%&G%/$#!%J%&0%/$!.=U2=&>?F=*!=/%!K&%##*2/!#./#! K&H0H>%/$! #=&! -%#! &%##2=&0%#! >%! -.!K-./'$%B!

! ).! K2K=-.$*2/! ;2/>*.-%! .! .$$%*/$! V! ;*--*.&>#!>?*/>*+*>=#! S! -.! 3*/!>%! -?.//H%!6788B! W%-2/! -%#!K&2U%0$*2/#!>%#!>H;2G&.KF%#R!%--%! #%&.*$!>%!M!

;*--*.&>#! %/! 67P7! K=*#! >%! 87! ;*--*.&>#! %/!68778R! >.$%! +%&#! -.E=%--%! %--%! >%+&.*$! #%!#$.,*-*#%&6B!).!010)-"(.1;%*1.(%*1;2%0+1#+$//$+%*$% U:_% $;(+$% 8&98% $(% 89&&N% %$! >HUS! >%! 6Mh!%/$&%!6786!%$!67P7B!

!

! ^.*#! -$/% J$/1.;/! `%/! %.=R! %/! H/%&G*%! %$! %/!;.$*'&%#!K&%;*'&%#a%?1;(%0+1#+$//$+%*$%5"O1;%J$")21)0% 0-)/% 51+($R! 0.&! -%! >H+%-2KK%;%/$!H02/2;*E=%!>%#!K.T#!H;%&G%/$#!3.*$!#2&$*&!>=!>H/=%;%/$! K-=#*%=&#! ;*--*.&>#! >%! K%&#2//%#B!)?%.=! K2$.,-%! K2=&&.*$! .*/#*! +%/*&! S! ;./E=%&!>'#! 6797!:! #%-2/! ^0r*/#%TR! -?H0.&$! %/$&%! -%#!,%#2*/#! %/! %.=! %$! -?%.=! K2$.,-%! >*#K2/*,-%!K2=&&.*$!;[;%!.$$%*/>&%!N7h!>'#!67979B!

X2=#! =$*-*#2/#! >%=J! $TK%#! >%! &%##2=&0%#!:! >%#%+$//1)+2$/% +$;1)?$-"J-$/% %$! >%#% +$//1)+2$/%,0)./"J-$/B! )?%.=! /?%#$! K.#! +H&*$.,-%;%/$!&%/2=+%-.,-%R!;.*#!K-=$_$R!$2=$!.=!K-=#R!&H=$*-*#.,-%!:! -%!#$20q!>?%.=!K2$.,-%!>*#K2/*,-%!#=&!$%&&%!%#$!3*/*R!;[;%!#?*-! 0*&0=-%NB! )%#! H/%&G*%#! 32##*-%#! %$! -%#! ;H$.=J! #2/$!/.$=&%--%;%/$! >%#! &%##2=&0%#! HK=*#.,-%#B! )%! ,2*#R! -%#!+HGH$.=J! %$! ./*;.=J! E=%! /2=#! 02/#2;;2/#! K2=&!/2$&%!.-*;%/$.$*2/!2=!K2=&!$2=$!.=$&%!,%#2*/R!-?H/%&G*%!E=%!/2=#!K&2>=*#2/#!S!K.&$*&!>%#!H-H;%/$#!`+%/$R!#2-%*-R!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8!W2=&0%!:!X.$*2/#!m/*%#!6! ).! $&./#*$*2/! >H;2G&.KF*E=%! >%#! K.T#! H;%&G%/$#! #%&.*$!.-2&#! $%&;*/H%! %$! -%! $.=J! >%! 3H02/>*$H! #?H$.,-*&.*$! .=J!.-%/$2=&#!>%!6!#=&!-?%/#%;,-%!>%!-.!K-./'$%B!9!^0r*/#%T!./>!Y2;K./TR!st&./#32&;*/G!$F%!u.$%&!%02/2;TR!#%+%/!u.T#!$2!%/#=&%!&%#2=&0%#!32&!G&2u$FvR!U./+*%&!6788B!N!^[;%!#?*-!K%=$![$&%!K2/0$=%--%;%/$!.00&=!K.&!>H#.-*/*#.$*2/!S!=/!025$!H/%&GH$*E=%!.0$=%--%;%/$!%J2&,*$./$B!

!"+(.$%9%

M4,21;13.$%2.+2)-".+$N%%);$%+,?1-)(.1;%$;%#$/("(.1;!

Page 8: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%Y!!

0F.-%=&! >%! -.! $%&&%wa! #2/$! &%/2=+%-.,-%#B!^.*#!;[;%!-%#!&%##2=&0%#!&%/2=+%-.,-%#!/%!#2/$!K.#!>*#K2/*,-%#!%/!E=./$*$H#!*--*;*$H%#!S!=/!;2;%/$!>2//H!:!%--%#!>2*+%/$![$&%! 02&&%0$%;%/$! GH&H%#! K2=&! #%! K%&KH$=%&! %$! /%!>2*+%/$!K.#![$&%!#=&%JK-2*$H%#R!#2=#!K%*/%!>%!#?HK=*#%&R!02;;%! -?*--=#$&%! /2$.;;%/$! -%! 0.#! >%#! #$20q#! >%!K2*##2/#B!!

i&R!/2=#!#=&%JK-2*$2/#!>HUS!/2$&%!%/+*&2//%;%/$B!X2#!K&H-'+%;%/$#!>HK.##%/$!-.&G%;%/$!-.!,*20.K.0*$H!>%!-.!$%&&%R!0?%#$ZSZ>*&%!#.!0.K.0*$H!S!&HGH/H&%&!-%#!&%##2=&0%#!&%/2=+%-.,-%#! %$! S! .,#2&,%&! -%#! >H0F%$#PB! )?%;K&%*/$%!H02-2G*E=%!;%#=&%!0%! &.KK2&$!%/$&%!02/#2;;.$*2/!%$!,*20.K.0*$HB!1--%!%#$!%#$*;H%!S!8RP6!K2=&! -?.//H%!677L!`02/$&%! 8RN! %/! 677@a!:! -%#! #%=-#! ,%#2*/#! >%! -?F=;./*$H!>HK.##%/$!>2/0!>%!P7h!0%!E=%!-.!$%&&%!K%=$!#=KK2&$%&!#./#! >2;;.G%! Z! >?2k! -?*>H%! E=%! \!-?F=;./*$H!02/#2;;%!=/%! $%&&%!%$!>%;*%]B!1/!2=$&%R! -?%;K&%*/$%!H02-2G*E=%! /?*/$'G&%! K.#! -%! 3.*$! E=%! 0%&$.*/%#! >%#!&%##2=&0%#! E=%! /2=#! K&H-%+2/#! #2/$! >%! $2=$%! 3.d2/!3*/*%#!%$!/%!K%=+%/$!%/!.=0=/%!3.d2/!#%!&HGH/H&%&B!i/!%#$*;%!.0$=%--%;%/$!E=%!-%#! &H#%&+%#!>%!;H$.=J!%$!>%!KH$&2-%!/?%J0H>%/$!K.#!97!S!P7!./#@B!!

"=G;%/$.$*2/! >%! -.! K2K=-.$*2/R! F.=##%! >=! /*+%.=! >%!+*%! >./#! -%#! K.T#! H;%&G%/$#w!:! S! -.! #*;K-%! 02/>*$*2/!E=%!-?"#*%!K.&+*%//%!.=J!>%=J!$*%&#!>%!-.!02/#2;;.$*2/!%=&2KH%//%!K.&!F.,*$./$!%/!67P7R!-?"3&*E=%!S!-.!;2*$*HR!%$!E=%!-.!02/#2;;.$*2/!0%##%!>%!0&2b$&%!>./#!-%#!K.T#!>H+%-2KKH#!`FTK2$F'#%#!>HUS!32&$%#aR!.-2&#!")%3.-.$)%*$%2$% /.@2-$! 4! $2=$%#!0F2#%#!HG.-%#!K.&!.*--%=&#!%$!>2/0!S!;2>%#! >%! K&2>=0$*2/! 02/#$./$#! 4! -4C)3";.(,%0+,-@?$+".(% 8NX% 51./% 2$% A)$% /1;% $;?.+1;;$3$;(% $/(%2"0"J-$%*$%51)+;.+%%/!#%!&HGH/H&./$B!!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!P! x-2,.-! g22$K&*/$! X%$u2&qR! %02-2G*0.-! 322$K&*/$! .$-.#! 6788R!.25$!6786B!@!i/!%/$%/>!K.&!\!&H#%&+%!]!0%!E=*!K%=$![$&%!%J$&.*$!>%!3.d2/!&%/$.,-%! .+%0! -%#! $%0F/2-2G*%#! .0$=%--%#! %$! .=J! K&*J! .0$=%-#R!%JK&*;H!%/!/2;,&%!>?.//H%#!>%!02/#2;;.$*2/R!%/!#%!,.#./$!-S! %/02&%! #=&! -.! 02/#2;;.$*2/! .0$=%--%B! Y%&$%#R! >%#!*//2+.$*2/#! $%0F/2-2G*E=%#! .=&2/$! -*%=! >./#! 0%! -.K#! >%!$%;K#!j!K.&!.*--%=&#R!-%#!K&*J!+2/$!02/$*/=%&!>%!;2/$%&R!0%!E=*!&%/>&.! &%/$.,-%#! =/! 0%&$.*/! /2;,&%! >%! G*#%;%/$#B! ).!>%;./>%!+.!.=##*!H+2-=%&!:!-%#!,%#2*/#!+2/$!.=G;%/$%&R!;.*#!-%!&%0T0-.G%!&H>=*&.!-.!K&%##*2/!#=&!-%#!&%##2=&0%#!K&*;.*&%#B!"!-2/G! $%&;%! `K&2,.,-%;%/$! =/%! 0%/$.*/%! >?.//H%#aR!-?HK=*#%;%/$!>%#!&%##2=&0%#!3*/*%#!%#$!$2=$%32*#!0%&$.*/B!!

<H#2&>&%#! H02-2G*E=%#! %$! KH/=&*%#! #%&.*%/$! .-2&#!*/H+*$.,-%#B! t_$! 2=! $.&>R! -.! 0&2*##./0%! H02/2;*E=%R!02;K&*#%!.=!#%/#!E=*!-=*!.!H$H!>2//H!.=!02=&#!>%#!0%/$!>%&/*'&%#!.//H%#R!>%+&.!>2/0!0%##%&B!

!

!

!

Page 9: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.+&*-!6789!(!!"#$%Z!!

\9L8]% 4-5'()"&6'7"55&81-5'!

Y%$$%! */02;K.$*,*-*$H! %/$&%! HK=*#%;%/$! >%#!&%##2=&0%#! %$! >H+%-2KK%;%/$! H02/2;*E=%! K%=$! #%!&H#2=>&%!>%!$&2*#!3.d2/#!:!

" 1/! &%/2/d./$! S! -.! 0&2*##./0%!:! 0?%#$! -.! +2*%! >%! -.!\!>H0&2*##./0%!]!j!

" 1/! ;*#./$! #=&! -%! K&2G&'#! $%0F/2-2G*E=%R! 0.K.,-%!>%! &%/>&%! /2#! ;2>%#! >%! K&2>=0$*2/R! /2#!>HK-.0%;%/$#R! /2$&%! F.,*$.$! K-=#! H02/2;%#! %/!&%##2=&0%#!j!

" 1/! ;2>*3*./$! &.>*0.-%;%/$! /2#! ;2>%#! >%!K&2>=0$*2/!%$!>%!02/#2;;.$*2/B!

!

).! *,2+1.//";2$N! #*! %--%! %#$! %/$%/>=%! 02;;%! =/!2,U%0$*3! >%! &H>=0$*2/! >%! -.! 02/#2;;.$*2/! %$! >%! -.!K&2>=0$*2/! F=;.*/%R! /?%#$! K.#! +&.*;%/$! =/! 0F2*J!K2##*,-%B! 1--%!/%!K2=&&.*$! [$&%! .00%K$H%!E=%!K.&!=/%!$2=$%!K%$*$%!3&.0$*2/!>%!-?F=;./*$HR!-.!K-=#!.*#H%!:!!

!

" W./#!;[;%!K&%/>&%!%/!02;K$%!-?.00&2*##%;%/$!S!+%/*&!>%!-.!K2K=-.$*2/R!K=*#E=%!-%#!&%##2=&0%#!E=%!/2=#!K&H-%+2/#!>HK.##%/$!>HUS!>%!P7h!0%!E=%! -.!$%&&%! K%=$! #=KK2&$%&R! -.! >H0&2*##./0%! >%! -.!K&2>=0$*2/! ;2/>*.-%! >%+&.*$! [$&%! >%! 9Ph! K2=&!/2=#! &.;%/%&! S! =/! /*+%.=! .00%K$.,-%! >%!K&H-'+%;%/$!>%#!&%##2=&0%#B!

!

" Y2;;%! *-! %#$! >*33*0*-%! >%! >%;./>%&! S! 0%=J! E=*!02/#2;;%/$! -%! ;2*/#! %$! /%! #.$*#32/$! K.#! -%=&#!,%#2*/#!K&*;.*&%#!>%!#%!&%#$&%*/>&%!>.+./$.G%R!-"%21;/133"(.1;%*$/%0"</%*,?$-100,/%*$?+".(%`(+$%+,*).($%*$%31.(.,R! 0%!E=*! &%K&H#%/$%&.*$!=/!0F20!,*%/! #=KH&*%=&! S! $2=$! 0%! E=%! -?F*#$2*&%!H02/2;*E=%!&H0%/$%!.!02//=R!0F20!K&.$*E=%;%/$!02;K.&.,-%! H02/2;*E=%;%/$R! K2=&! -?1=&2K%R! S!-?*;K.0$!>%#!>%=J!G=%&&%#!;2/>*.-%#!&H=/*%#VB!!

!

!

!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!V!<?.K&'#!-%#!>2//H%#!>?"/G=#!^.>>*#2/B!

^[;%! -%#! K.&$*#./#! >%! -.! >H0&2*##./0%! %#$*;%/$!>?.*--%=&#!E=?*-!/%!3.=$!K.#!-.!02;K&%/>&%!02;;%!=/!2,U%0$*3!>%!&H>=0$*2/!>=!K&2>=*$!*/$H&*%=&!,&=$R!;.*#!K-=$_$! 02;;%! =/! *;KH&.$*3! >%! ;2>H&.$*2/R! >%!#2,&*H$H! >./#! /2$&%! 3.d2/! >%! 02/#2;;%&! %$! >%!K&2>=*&%R! %$! %/! 3.*$! >%! &=K$=&%! .+%0! -.! #20*H$H! >%!02/#2;;.$*2/B!

!

)%! 0+1#+@/% ($2C;1-1#.A)$! %#$! %/! &%+./0F%! =/!+H&*$.,-%! H-H;%/$! >%! #2-=$*2/B! X2=#! #2;;%#!.0$=%--%;%/$! S! -?.=,%! >?=/%! /2=+%--%! '&%!$%0F/2-2G*E=%R! %$! -%#! *//2+.$*2/#! +2/$! [$&%!/2;,&%=#%#!>./#!-%#!.//H%#!S!+%/*&B!c%.=02=K!K%=$![$&%!3.*$!>./#!-%!>2;.*/%!>=!#$20q.G%!>%!-?H-%0$&*0*$HR!2=!%/02&%!02/0%&/./$!-%!K*HG%.G%!>=!Yi6R!-.!0&H.$*2/!>%!;.$H&*.=J! >H&*+H#! >%! +HGH$.=J! 02;;%! #=,#$*$=$!.=! K-.#$*E=%w! ^.*#! -%! K&2G&'#! $%0F/2-2G*E=%! S! -=*!#%=-! /%! K%=$! #=33*&%R! 0.&! >'#! -2&#! E=?=/%! K.&$*%! >%#!&%##2=&0%#!>%!-.!$%&&%!%#$!3*/*%R!/2=#!/%!K2=+2/#!K.#!/2=#!02/$%/$%&!>?*/+%/$%&!>%#!;2>%#!>%!K&2>=0$*2/!K-=#! H02/2;%#! %/! ;.$*'&%#! K&%;*'&%#! :! 0%&$.*/%#!>?%/$&%!%--%#!+*%/>&.*%/$!$2=U2=&#!S!;./E=%&R!$_$!2=!$.&>B!

!

Y?%#$! K2=&E=2*! *-! %#$! /H0%##.*&%! >%! 0"//$+% *4);%31*$% *$% 0+1*)2(.1;% -.;,".+$% B% );% 31*$% *$%0+1*)2(.1;%2.+2)-".+$%=%%

!

)?*>H%! >%! -?H02/2;*%! 0*&0=-.*&%! %#$! >%! K&H-%+%&! -%!;2*/#! >%! &%##2=&0%#! K2##*,-%R! G&f0%! .=! &%0T0-.G%!>%#! >H0F%$#! ;.*#! .=##*! S! -.! &H=$*-*#.$*2/! >%#!K&2>=*$#R! -?H0202/0%K$*2/w! W%#! *;K-*0.$*2/#! #2/$!+.#$%#! %$! *;K.0$%/$! $2=#! -%#! K&20%##=#! >%!3.,&*0.$*2/!%$!$2=#!-%#!#%0$%=&#B!!

Page 10: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%a!!

\9L:]% 4-5'7$&+(&7-5'.-'192("+"/&-'(&$(#1*&$-'!

)?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%!/%!#%!-*;*$%!K.#!.=!&%0T0-.G%R!;[;%!#*!0%-=*Z0*!%/!02/#$*$=%!-?H-H;%/$!-%!K-=#!02//=B!1--%!K%=$![$&%! *;.G*/H%! 02;;%!);$% /,+.$% *$% R%J1)2-$/!]! E=*! 2/$! $2=$%#! K2=&! 2,U%$! >%! &H>=*&%! %$! &%$.&>%&! .=!;.J*;=;! -.!\!K%&$%!>%!;.$*'&%!]B!

%%

9L )%! K&%;*%&! G.*/! H02-2G*E=%! %#$! &H.-*#H! -2&#! >%! -.!02/0%K$*2/B!<./#!0%!/2=+%.=!#0FH;.R! -%!K&2>=*$!%#$!02/d=!>%!3.d2/!S!;*/*;*#%&!-%!&%02=&#!.=J!&%##2=&0%#!/2/! &%/2=+%-.,-%#! `;.$*'&%#! K&%;*'&%#R! H/%&G*%#!32##*-%#aR!;.*#!.=##*!&%/2=+%-.,-%#R!>%!3.d2/!S!&H>=*&%!#2/! %;K&%*/$%! H02-2G*E=%!:! -%! K&2>=*$! %#$% ,2121;O)L%)%! K&2G&'#! $%0F/2-2G*E=%! */$%&+*%/$! S! 0%! #$.>%B! 102Z02/0%+2*&!#*G/*3*%! 3.,&*E=%&!>?=/%!3.d2/!H02/2;%!%/!&%##2=&0%#! ;.*#! .=##*! 3.*&%! %/! #2&$%! E=%! -%! K&2>=*$!K=*##%![$&%!&HK.&HR!>H;2/$HR!&H=$*-*#H!%$!%/3*/!&%0T0-H!3.0*-%;%/$B!

8L )2&#! >%! -.% 5"J+.2"(.1;R! -?=$*-*#.$*2/! >%#! ;.$*'&%#!K&%;*'&%#!%#$!2K$*;*#H%B! e-! #?.G*$!S!0%!#$.>%!/2/!K-=#!>?H0202/0%+2*&! -%! K&2>=*$R! ;.*#! >%! &H3-H0F*&! .=!-!.("//!>%!K&2>=0$*2/B!

:L )2&#! >%! -?.0F.$R! -%! 02/#2;;.$%=&! >2*$! >*#K2#%&!>?.;51+3"(.1;/% /)+% -4$30+$.;($% ,21-1#.A)$% *$/%0+1*).(/N% 0%! E=*! >2*$! 3.+2&*#%&! -%! K&2>=*$! -%! K-=#!H02/2;%B!

UL m/%!32*#! -%!K&2>=*$!;*#!%/!0*&0=-.$*2/R%#2/!)/"#$%K.&!-%! 02/#2;;.$%=&! >2*$! [$&%% -$% 0-)/% -1;#% 01//.J-$R! 0%!E=*! .! =/%! K&%;*'&%! 02/#HE=%/0%!:! -%! 0F2*J! >=!02/#2;;.$%=&! >2*$! #%! K2&$%&! #=&! >%#! K&2>=*$#! >%!E=.-*$HB!Y?%#$!-?*/+%&#%!>%!0%!+%&#!E=2*!$%/>!-.!#20*H$H!>%!02/#2;;.$*2/B!

!

WL O=./>! -%! K&%;*%&! 02/#2;;.$%=&! /?%/! .! K-=#!-?=#.G%R!-%!K&2>=*$!>2*$![$&%!+,)(.-./,!K.&!=/%!.=$&%!K%&#2//%!:! *-! %#$! &%+%/>=! >?122"/.1;! `2=! >2//HaB!Y%$$%! -2G*E=%! #=GG'&%! .=##*! >%! K&*+*-HG*%&! -.%-12"(.1;N% -?$30+);(% K-=$_$! E=%! -?.0F.$R! 0.&! 0%#!;2>.-*$H#! 3.0*-*$%/$! -.! ;=-$*K-*0.$*2/! >%#!=$*-*#.$*2/#!K2=&!=/!;[;%!K&2>=*$B!

XL O=./>! -%!K&2>=*$! %#$! .,b;HR! *-! 3.=$! %/02&%!H+*$%&!>%! -%! U%$%&!:! *-! >2*$! K2=+2*&! [$&%! +,0"+,R! +2*&%!&H.G%/0HR!&%;*#!.=!G25$!>=!U2=&B!!

!

YL "+./$! -%! #$.>%!>=!&%0T0-.G%!S!K&2K&%;%/$!K.&-%&R!-%! K&2>=*$! >2*$! K2=+2*&! [$&%% *,31;(,! K2=&!&H=$*-*#%&! #%#! 02;K2#./$#! `!"#$%&'$()&!*%+! 2=!&%02/>*$*2//%;%/$aB! Y%$$%! &H=$*-*#.$*2/! K.&$*%--%!K%&;%$! >?H02/2;*#%&! >.+./$.G%! >%! ;.$*'&%! %$!>?H/%&G*%!E=%!#*! -%!K&2>=*$!H$.*$!>HUS!&%0T0-H!S! 0%!#$.>%!`-%!&%0T0-.G%!/%!>2*$!K.#!#=&+%/*&!$&2K!$_$aB!

!

ZL )%! K&2>=*$! %#$! +$2<2-,! `%$! &%#$%! .=! #%*/! >%! #2/!#%0$%=&!2=! -%!E=*$$%R!02;;%!/2=#! -%!+%&&2/#!K-=#!-2*/aB!

!!

aL 1/! $2=$%! 3*/! >%! +*%R! &%#$%! -.! ?"-1+./"(.1;%,;$+#,(.A)$R! 0?%#$ZSZ>*&%! -?*/0*/H&.$*2/! .+%0!&H0=KH&.$*2/!>%!-?H/%&G*%!.*/#*!H;*#%R!2=!%/02&%!-.!;H$F./*#.$*2/B!

!

Page 11: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%9&!!

%

%

%

Y%! #0FH;.! %#$! K2&$%=&! >?=/%! 0%&$.*/%!\!>H;.$H&*.-*#.$*2/!]!>=!K&2>=*$! */$H&*%=&!,&=$!:!K2=&!0F.E=%!K2*/$!>%!0&2*##./0%R! -?H02/2;*%!=$*-*#%!;2*/#!>?H/%&G*%! %$! ;2*/#! >%! ;.$*'&%#! K&%;*'&%#B! )%#!.0$*+*$H#! >%! K&2>=0$*2/! #%! &H>=*#%/$! $./>*#! E=%! -%#!#%&+*0%#!`&HK.&.$*2/R!-20.$*2/R!+%/$%!>?200.#*2/R!$&*!%$!02--%0$%a!#%!>H+%-2KK%/$B!

!

<./#!=/!#2=0*!>%!#*;K-*0*$HR!/2$&%!%J%;K-%!K2&$%!#=&!=/! K&2>=*$! ;./=3.0$=&HR! ;.*#! -.! ;[;%! -2G*E=%!#?.KK-*E=%!S! $2=#! -%#! 3-=J! %$! /2$.;;%/$! S! -?%.=! %$! S!-?H/%&G*%B! )%#! \!>H0F%$#!]! >%! $2=#! $TK%#! >2*+%/$!>%+%/*&! &%##2=&0%!:! -%#! %.=J! =#H%#! *##=%#! >?=/!K&20%##=#! >%! K&2>=0$*2/! K%=+%/$! #%&+*&! .=!&%3&2*>*##%;%/$! >./#! =/! .=$&%! K&20%##=#! >%!K&2>=0$*2/!j! -%#! +.K%=&#! K&2>=*$%#! K.&! =/%! .0$*+*$H!K%=+%/$! [$&%! &H0=KH&H%#! K2=&! =/%! .=$&%B! <./#!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%R!-%#!>H0F%$#!/?%J*#$%/$!K-=#B!

!

)%#! \!,2=0-%#!]! >=!;2>'-%! 0*&0=-.*&%! /%! #?%33%0$=%/$!0"/% (1)b1)+/% ")% /$.;% *)% 3`3$% /$2($)+% % c01.;(% ZdB!"=$&%;%/$! >*$R! -%! K.K*%&! /?%#$! K.#! $2=U2=&#!$&./#32&;H! %/! K.K*%&B! )%#! %;,.--.G%#! K-.#$*E=%#!&%0T0-H#! K%=+%/$! >%+%/*&! >?.=$&%#! %;,.--.G%#! ;.*#!.=##*! >%#! +[$%;%/$#! 2=! >%#! $=T.=JB! )%! K.K*%&! K%=$![$&%! $&./#32&;H! %/! *#2-./$! K2=&! -%! ,f$*;%/$R! 2=!%/02&%! [$&%! $&%##H! K2=&! >%+%/*&! =/! 2,U%$! >=&.,-%R!02;;%!=/%!02&,%*--%!S!K.K*%&B!!

!

)%! $%&;%! >?#7(:(1&+,0! `HG.-%;%/$! >H/2;;HR! %/!3&./d.*#R!$&./#0T0-.G%a!>H#*G/%!-.!$&./#32&;.$*2/!>?=/!K&2>=*$! =#.GH!%/!=/!K&2>=*$!>%!;%*--%=&%!E=.-*$H!2=!>%! K-=#! G&./>%! +.-%=&! %/+*&2//%;%/$.-%B! )%! K&2>=*$!\!=K0T0-H!]! 2=! $&./#0T0-H! %#$! GH/H&.-%;%/$!$&./#32&;H! %/! K&2>=*$! K-=#! >=&.,-%! `K.-%$$%!$&./#32&;H%! %/! ;%=,-%R! %;,.--.G%#! >%! ,2/,2/#!=$*-*#H#!K2=&!3.,&*E=%&!>%#!#.0#waB!"! -?2KK2#HR!E=./>!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!L!t%&;%!32&GH!K.&!n%*/%&!D*-l!%/!8MMN!`#2=&0%!:!y*q*K%>*.aB!

=/! K&2>=*$! =#.GH! %#$! >HG&.>HR! 2/! K.&-%! >%!.";+(:(1&+,B! t&./#32&;%&! >=! K.K*%&! ,=&%.=$*E=%! %/!0.&$2/! 02/#$*$=%! =/! %J%;K-%! >%, 1.2%(3(4*%+! `-.!,-./0F%=&!>%!-.!3*,&%!%#$!K%&>=%aB!

!

<./#! =/! #2=0*! >?H02/2;*%! >%#! &%##2=&0%#R! .-% 5")(%?$.--$+%B%+$("+*$+%")%3"V.3)3%-"%*,0+,2."(.1;%*$%-"%3"(.@+$L!!

!

! "*/#*R! -%#! +*%=J! +[$%;%/$#! E=*! /%! K%=+%/$!K.#![$&%!&H=$*-*#H#!%/!-?H$.$!G.G/%&2/$!S![$&%!$&./#32&;H#!%/!/2=+%.=J!+[$%;%/$#M!K-=$_$!E=?S! [$&%! *;;H>*.$%;%/$! %33*-20FH#! %$!$&./#32&;H#!%/!0F*332/#!*/>=#$&*%-#B!!!

! <./#!=/!.=$&%!&%G*#$&%R!-%#!%.=J!=#H%#!H;*#%#!K.&! =/%! %/$&%K&*#%! G.G/%/$! S! [$&%! =$*-*#H%#!K.&! =/%! .=$&%! %/$&%K&*#%! >./#! =/! 0*&0=*$! >%!&%3&2*>*##%;%/$!.+./$!>?[$&%!HK=&H%#B!

%

<?=/! 01.;(% *$% ?)$% (C,1+.A)$R! -%#! K&*/0*K%#! >%!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%!2/$!H;%&GH!K&2G&%##*+%;%/$!.=!02=&#!>%#! $&%/$%!>%&/*'&%#!.//H%#B! e-#!/%! #2/$!K.#! -%!&H#=-$.$! >?=/%! #%=-%! H02-%! >%! K%/#H%R! ;.*#! >2*+%/$!,%.=02=K! S! K-=#*%=&#! */$%--%0$=%-#! .;H&*0.*/#! %$!%=&2KH%/#! `>2/$! -%#! .&0F*$%0$%#! z2F/! tB! )T-%R!y.-$%&!W$.F%-! %$! c*--! ^.0! <2/2=GFR! -%! 0F*;*#$%! ^*0F.%-!c&.=/G.&$R! -.! 02/#=-$./$%! z./*/%! c%/T=#a87B! Y%&$.*/#!>?%/$&%!%=J!;%$$%/$!-?.00%/$!#=&!-%#!#*;*-*$=>%#!%/$&%!-%#! ;2>%#! >%! K&2>=0$*2/! 0*&0=-.*&%#! %$! -%#!H02#T#$';%#!/.$=&%-#B!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!M! Y%$$%! .0$*+*$H! %#$! H;%&G%/$%! %/! g&./0%! `%/! 6787R! -.!32/>.$*2/! ^.0*3! %$! YF&*#$*./! ).0&2*J! 2/$! #2=$%/=! -.!0&H.$*2/R! K.&! =/%! .##20*.$*2/! >?*/#%&$*2/R! ! >?=/%! -*G/%! >%!{.=$%! 02=$=&%! &H.-*#H%! S! K.&$*&! >%! +*%=J! +[$%;%/$#!&H0=KH&H#aB!87! t2u.&>#! $F%! Y*&0=-.&! 102/2;TR! 1--%/! ^.0"&$F=&!g2=/>.$*2/R!z./+*%&!6786R!K.G%#!6@Z6VB!

Page 12: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%99!!

1/! K&.$*E=%R! "?";(% -4"?@;$3$;(% *$% -"% /12.,(,% *$%21;/133"(.1;N% -"% 0+1*)2(.1;% $(% -"% 21;/133"(.1;%0+,/$;(".$;(%*$%;13J+$)V%"/0$2(/%2.+2)-".+$/R!;[;%!#*! -%! #0FH;.! >?%/#%;,-%! >%! -?H02/2;*%!K&H*/>=#$&*%--%! /?H$.*$! K.#! %J.0$%;%/$! 0%-=*Z-SB! )%#!2,U%$#! H$.*%/$! 02/#%&+H#! -2/G$%;K#! %$! &HK.&H#R! -%!&%0T0-.G%!>=! 3%&! #%!K&.$*E=.*$!>HUS!.=!^2T%/ZfG%! `-%!3%&! E=*! %/$&.*$! >./#! -.! 02/#$&=0$*2/! >%#! HG-*#%#! H$.*$!&H0=KH&H! E=./>! 0%--%#Z0*! H$.*%/$! >H$&=*$%#! K2=&! %/!02/#$&=*&%! >%! K-=#! G&./>%#aR! -%#! 0F*332/#! H$.*%/$!$&./#32&;H#!%/!K.K*%&w!!

"=! 02=&#! >%#! $&%/$%! >%&/*'&%#! .//H%#R! 2$+(".;/%"/0$2(/% *$% ;1/%31*$/% *$% 0+1*)2(.1;% /1;(% *$?$;)/%0-)/% -.;,".+$/% $(% *$/(+)2($)+/% $(% *4")(+$/N% R%0-)/%2.+2)-".+$/%T%$(%,21;13$/%=!

!

! 1/$&%!8ML7!%$!6787R!-%!$&*!%$!-%!&%0T0-.G%!>%#!>H0F%$#! 2/$! H;%&GH! K=*#! &.K*>%;%/$!K&2G&%##H! %/! 1=&2K%! `+2*&! K.G%! MR! -%#!%J%;K-%#! >?H02/2;*%! 0*&0=-.*&%! >./#! -%!;2/>%aB! D.&! .*--%=&#! -%#! K&20%##=#! >%!K&2>=0$*2/! #2/$! >%+%/=#! ,%.=02=K! K-=#!H02/2;%#!%/!H/%&G*%! `%$!>./#!=/%!;2*/>&%!;%#=&%!%/!%.=!%$!%/!;.$*'&%#!K&%;*'&%#a!>=!3.*$!>%!-.!F.=##%!>%#!02=&#B!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

! ^.*#! >./#! -%! ;[;%! $%;K#R! -?=#.G%! >%!K&2>=*$#!U%$.,-%#!#?%#$!,%.=02=K!>H+%-2KKH!:!*-! #?%#$! E=.#*;%/$! GH/H&.-*#H! >./#! 0%&$.*/#!>2;.*/%#! `,&*E=%$#R! #$T-2#R! ;2=0F2*&#R!0%&$.*/#! +[$%;%/$#! S! =#.G%! ;H>*0.-waB! ).!E=.-*$H! ;2T%//%! >%#! ;%=,-%#! %$! >%#!+[$%;%/$#! .! ,.*##HR! 0%! E=*! .! &%/>=! -%=&!&%0T0-.G%! K-=#! 02;K-*E=HB! )?2,#2-%#0%/0%!K&2G&.;;H%88! #?%#$! >H+%-2KKH%B! )%#!./0*%//%#! K&.$*E=%#! >%! 02/#*G/%! 2=! >%!&HK.&.$*2/! 2/$! K&.$*E=%;%/$! >*#K.&=! 4! 0%#!H+2-=$*2/#! #2/$! %/! 3.*$! -.! 02/#HE=%/0%!>?=/!/2=+%.=! >H+%-2KK%;%/$! >%! -.! #20*H$H! >%!02/#2;;.$*2/B!!

! 1/! 2=$&%R! -%#! >*#$./0%#! K.&02=&=%#! K.&! -%#!K&2>=*$#!%$!>2/0!-%=&!%;K&%*/$%!0.&,2/%!2/$!02/#*>H&.,-%;%/$! .=G;%/$H! .+%0! -.!;2/>*.-*#.$*2/B!!

1+2-=$*2/#!02/$&.>*0$2*&%#R!>2/0R!;.*#!>%!/2;,&%=#%#!K&.$*E=%#!&%-'+%/$!$2=$!>%!;[;%!>HUS!>%!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%!:! 0%! /2=+%.=! #0FH;.! 02;;%/0%! S!#?H$%/>&%! %$! K&H#%/$%! K.&32*#! >HUS! >%#! 32&;%#! .##%l!.,2=$*%#B

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!88! )?2,#2-%#0%/0%! K&2G&.;;H%! #%! >H3*/*$! 02;;%!!-|%/#%;,-%!>%#!$%0F/*E=%#!+*#./$!S!&H>=*&%! -.!>=&H%!>%!+*%!2=!>|=$*-*#.$*2/!>|=/!K&2>=*$R!.3*/!>|%/!.=G;%/$%&!-%!$.=J!>%!&%;K-.0%;%/$B!

Page 13: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%98!!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

%

! %

1/0.>&H!8B! %M"%?.$%*4);$%01)0,$%*";/%-4,21;13.$%-.;,".+$%$(%*";/%-4,21;13.$%2.+2)-".+$%

!

<./#!-?H02/2;*%!-*/H.*&%R!-2&#E=?=/!%/3./$!.!%/+*%!>?=/%!K2=KH%R!#%#!K.&%/$#!-.!-=*!.0F'$%/$!4!#2=+%/$!3.,&*E=H%!%/!YF*/%R!%--%!/%!025$%!>?.*--%=&#!K.#!$&'#!0F%&B!!!"=!,2=$!>%!E=%-E=%#!;2*#!2=!.//H%#R!%--%!%#$!=/!K%=!$%&/*%R!0.&!%--%!/?%#$!K.#!32&0H;%/$!3.0*-%!S!-.+%&B!)?%/3./$!-?.!$f0FH%!>?%/0&%R!-?=/!>%!#%#!T%=J!/%!#%!3%&;%!K-=#!$&'#!,*%/!E=./>!2/!-.!02=0F%R!-%#!K.&%/$#!/?2/$!>?.=$&%!0F2*J!E=%!>%!-.!U%$%&B!1/!g&./0%!%/!6786R!%--%!#%&.!K&2,.,-%;%/$!*/0*/H&H%R!;.*#!K2=&&.!.=##*!3*/*&!%/!>H0F.&G%B!!!<./#!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%R!-.!K2=KH%!%#$!H0202/d=%!%$!%--%!%#$!=/!K%=!K-=#!0F'&%!S!-?.0F.$R!;.*#!%--%!%#$!3.0*-%!S!/%$$2T%&B!W*!-?=/!>%!#%#!T%=J!#%!,-2E=%R!*-!#=33*$!>%!-%!3.*&%!&HK.&%&!>./#!-%!;.G.#*/!>?.0F.$!2=!0F%l!=/!&HK.&.$%=&!#KH0*.-*#HB!)?=/%!>%#!K.&$*%#!>%!-.!K2=KH%!%#$!*&&H;H>*.,-%;%/$!%/>2;;.GH%!I!Y%!/?%#$!K.#!=/!K&2,-';%R!0.&!-%#!>*33H&%/$#!H-H;%/$#!#2/$!3.0*-%;%/$!>H;2/$.,-%#!%$!K%=+%/$![$&%!&%;K-.0H#B!O=./>!-?%/3./$!.!G&./>*R!-%#!K.&%/$#!K2&$%/$!-.!K2=KH%!%/!>HK_$Z+%/$%R!2=!-.!&%+%/>%/$!#=&!*/$%&/%$B!"=!,2=$!>%!K-=#*%=&#!.//H%#R!-.!K2=KH%!%#$!;.*/$%/./$!$&'#!.,b;H%!:!=/!&HK.&.$%=&!K%=$!%/02&%!&H0=KH&%&!-%#!H-H;%/$#!&H=$*-*#.,-%#!`T%=JR!,&.#!2=!U.;,%#waB!)%#!.=$&%#!H-H;%/$#!&%$2=&/%&2/$!%/!=#*/%!K2=&![$&%!&%0T0-H#!:!-%!K&2>=*$!.T./$!H$H!H0202/d=R!$2=$%#!#%#!K.&$*%#!#2/$!.*#H;%/$!&%0T0-.,-%#B!!).!&HK.&.$*2/!>%#!U2=%$#!K.&!>%#!,2=$*E=%#!#KH0*.-*#H%#!H$.*$!0F2#%!02=&./$%!%/!g&./0%!U=#E=%!>./#!-%#!.//H%#!8M@7B!<./#!0%$!%J%;K-%R!=/%!#%=-%!K2=KH%!%#$!K&2>=*$%!>./#!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%!E=./>!>*J!K2=KH%#!-?H$.*%/$!>./#!-?H02/2;*%!-*/H.*&%B!^.*#!-%#!K2=KH%#!>%!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%!#2/$!>%!;%*--%=&%!E=.-*$HB!D.&!.*--%=&#R!-%!#0FH;.!0*&0=-.*&%!3.*$!.KK.&.b$&%!>%!/2=+%--%#!.0$*+*$H#!>%!#%&+*0%#!:!&HK.&.$*2/!`-2GH%!.=!#%*/!>=!&H#%.=!>%!>*#$&*,=$*2/!2=!#HK.&H%aR!+%/$%!>?200.#*2/R!02--%0$%!>=!K&2>=*$!=#.GHB!!!

Page 14: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%9:!!

\9LU]% <#-1%#-5'-6-/71-5'.92("+"/&-'(&$(#1*&$-'.*+5'1-'/"+.-'!

n%/>&%!-%#!;2>%#!>%!K&2>=0$*2/!%$!>%!02/#2;;.$*2/!0*&0=-.*&%#!02/#*#$%!S!&%/>&%! #T#$H;.$*E=%#!2$+(".;$/%0+"(.A)$/% *1;(% ")2);$% ;4$/(% ?+".3$;(% ;1)?$--$B! <%!/2;,&%=J! %J%;K-%#! >%! &%0T0-.G%R! >%! #T#$';%#! >%!02/#*G/%R! >%! &HK.&.$*2/R! >%! -20.$*2/! 2=! >%! K&[$R!>?H0202/0%K$*2/!K%=+%/$![$&%!$&2=+H#!>./#! -?F*#$2*&%!H02/2;*E=%! ./0*%//%! 2=! &H0%/$%B! ^.*#! 0%&$.*/%#!%JKH&*%/0%#!K&%//%/$!=/%!+.-%=&!K.&$*0=-*'&%!K.&!-%=&!0.&.0$'&%!K-=#!#T#$H;.$*E=%!2=!K-=#!2&*G*/.-B!

%

M4,21-1#.$%.;*)/(+.$--$%ce"-);*J1+#d%

).!+*--%!>./2*#%!>%!r.-=/>,2&G!%#$!3&HE=%;;%/$!0*$H%!02;;%! %J%;K-%! >%! \!#T;,*2#%! */>=#$&*%--%!]! 2=!>?H02-2G*%! */>=#$&*%--%B! e-! #?.G*$! >?=/! #T#$';%! >%!K&2>=0$*2/! 0*&0=-.*&%R! H$.,-*! %/$&%! #*$%#! */>=#$&*%-#B! e-!#?%#$!;*#!%/!K-.0%!#K2/$./H;%/$R!S!K.&$*&!>%#!.//H%#!8M@7B!

e-!02/#*#$%!>./#!>%#!3-=J!>?H0F./G%#!0&2*#H#!%/$&%!=/%!0%/$&.-%!H-%0$&*E=%R!-.!+*--%!>%!r.-=/>,2&G!%$!K-=#*%=&#!%/$&%K&*#%#!:!-.!&.33*/%&*%!`W$.$2*-a!.!H$H!S!-?2&*G*/%!>%#!H0F./G%#!j! #%! #2/$! G&%33H#! %/#=*$%! =/! 3.,&*0./$! >%!;.$H&*.=J! >%! 02/#$&=0$*2/! `xTK&20aR! =/%! =#*/%!KF.&;.0%=$*E=%! `X2+2! X2&>*#qa! %$! K-=#! &H0%;;%/$!=/! 3.,&*0./$! >?%/lT;%#! `X2+2lT;%#aR! =/%! #20*H$H!#KH0*.-*#H%! >./#! -.! >H02/$.;*/.$*2/! >%#! #2-#! %$! =/%!3%&;%!K*#0*02-%B!!

)%#! &%,=$#! >%#! K&20%##=#! >%! K&2>=0$*2/! >%#! =/#!02/#$*$=%/$! -.!;.$*'&%!K&%;*'&%!>%#!.=$&%#B!"*/#*! -%#!%.=J! =#H%#! >%! -.! &.33*/%&*%! #%&+%/$! S! -.! 0%/$&.-%B! ).!+.K%=&! K&2>=*$%! K.&! -.! 0%/$&.-%! %#$! =$*-*#H%! K.&! -%#!=#*/%#! xTK&20! %$!X2+2!X2&>*#qR! %$! K.&! -.! 02--%0$*+*$H!K2=&!#2/!0F.=33.G%B!)%!>*2JT>%!>%!#2=33&%!K&2>=*$!K.&!-.!0%/$&.-%!%#$!&H0=KH&H!K.&!xTK&20!>%!;[;%!E=%!-%#!G.l!H;*#!K.&!-.!&.33*/%&*%!%$0B!

!

M$/%,21S0"+2/%$(%-$/%,21S?.--$/%2C.;1./$/!

).! YF*/%! &H.-*#%! >%K=*#! E=%-E=%#! .//H%#! >%#!%JKH&*;%/$.$*2/#!>%!G&./>%!%/+%&G=&%!>./#! -%!>2;.*/%!

>%!-?H02-2G*%!*/>=#$&*%--%B!Y%!K.T#!.!.>2K$H!%/!.25$!677L!=/%!\!-2*!K2=&!-.!K&2;2$*2/!>%!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%]B!!

)%#! H02ZK.&0#! %$! -%#! H02Z+*--%#! 0F*/2*#%#! 32/0$*2//%/$!#%-2/! -%#! ;[;%#! K&*/0*K%#! E=%! -.! #T;,*2#%! >%!r.-=/>,2&GR!S!0%$$%!>*33H&%/0%!E=%!-%=&!0&H.$*2/!/?%#$!K.#!#K2/$./H%R!;.*#!K-./*3*H%B! )%=&! #=00'#!%#$! */HG.-B! )?H02ZK.&0!>%!)=,%*!#%;,-%!.=U2=&>?F=*!-%!K-=#!.,2=$*B!

!

M4$//1+%*)%+$2<2-"#$%$;%')+10$!

)%! &%0T0-.G%! %#$! =/%! K&.$*E=%! &H0%/$%! ;.*#! %/!K&2G&%##*2/!&.K*>%B!1/!1=&2K%R!-.!02--%0$%!>=!+%&&%!.!H$H!K*2//*'&%! `.//H%#! 8MV7! %/! g&./0%aB! <%#! #$&=0$=&%#! #%!#2/$! %/#=*$%! ;*#%#! %/! K-.0%! K2=&! 02--%0$%&! -%#! +*%=J!+[$%;%/$#R!-%#!U2=&/.=J!%$!;.G.l*/%#!`.//H%#!8ML7aR!-%#!K*-%#R!-%#!%;,.--.G%#!`.//H%#!8MM7aR!-%#!K.K*%&#!>./#!-%=&!%/#%;,-%R! -%#! HE=*K%;%/$#! H-%0$&*E=%#! %$! H-%0$&2/*E=%#!`.//H%#! 6777aR! -%#! .;K2=-%#! ,.##%! 02/#2;;.$*2/!`.//H%#!6787aw!!

"=U2=&>?F=*R! #%=-%! -.! ;2*$*H! %/+*&2/! >%#! K&2>=*$#!02;;%&0*.-*#H#! %$! 3.*#./$! K.&$*%! >?=/%! 3*-*'&%! 2&G./*#H%!K2=&! .##=&%&! -%! &%0T0-.G%! `3*-*'&%! n1DR! 03B! K.G%! 86a! %#$!&H0=KH&H%86R! ;.*#! 0%! $.=J! 02/$*/=%! >%! K&2G&%##%&!>?.//H%!%/!.//H%B!

!

M4,3$+#$;2$%*)%$-/*+#=*(>#$&+,%

)%#! */*$*.$*+%#! >%#! %/$&%K&*#%#! &%-%+./$! >%! -?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%! #2/$! /2;,&%=#%#! ;.*#! #2=+%/$! 3&.G;%/$.*&%#!`H0202/0%K$*2/! #./#! ;.*/$%/./0%! 2=! #./#! &%0T0-.G%R!&%0T0-.G%!#./#!H0202/0%K$*2/!%$0aB!!

!

)%! !"#$%&'$()&!*%+! 2=! &%02/>*$*2//%;%/$! %#$! %/02&%!&.&%R!;.*#! K&2G&%##%B! e-! 02/#*#$%! S! =$*-*#%&! >%#!;.0F*/%#!=#.GH%#! K2=&! %/! 3.,&*E=%&! >%! /%=+%#B! e-! #=KK2#%! =/!$&.+.*-! >?H0202/0%K$*2/! K2=##H! %$! #2=+%/$! >%!#$./>.&>*#.$*2/! >%#! K*'0%#! >H$.0FH%#B! e-! %#$! /2$.;;%/$!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!86!<?.K&'#! -%#!>2//H%#!K=,-*H%#!K.&! -?">%;%! `)%#! 3*-*'&%#!S!n1DR!K./2&.;.!6788a!

Page 15: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%9U!!

K&.$*E=H!K.&!Y.$%&K*--.&!`;.0F*/%#!K2=&!-%!ctDaR!n%/.=-$R!}%&2J!%$!n*02F!`KF2$202K*%=&#aB!

}%&2J!#?%#$!%/G.GH!>./#!0%$$%!+2*%!>./#!-%#!.//H%#!8MM7B!"0$=%--%;%/$! =/! $*%&#! >%#! ;.0F*/%#! E=%! 0%! 3.,&*0./$!&H0=K'&%!#=&!-%!;.&0FH!.;H&*0.*/!%#$!&%+%/>=!>?200.#*2/!`Nha!2=!&%;./=3.0$=&H!`97haB!!

!

!

f$/(.;"(.1;%%*$/%3"2C.;$/%+,2)0,+,$/%0"+%g$+1V%$;%8&99%

!

W2=&0%!:!}%&2J!4!;.&0FH!.;H&*0.*/!#%=-%;%/$!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

h22"/.1;U_

D$3";)5"2()+.;#:&_

D,)(.-./"(.1;%*$/%0.@2$/%

$(i1)%+$2<2-"#$XX_

Page 16: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%9W!!

\9LW]% 4-'()*+,-/-+>'-+'7$*>&%#-'%

Y2;;%/$!0F./G%&!>%!;2>'-%!I!Y%$$%!H+2-=$*2/!K%=$Z%--%! #%! 3.*&%! #K2/$./H;%/$R! 2=! >2*$Z%--%! [$&%!%/02=&.GH%!I! W*! =/%! H+2-=$*2/! +%&#! -?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%! %#$! >HUS! .;2&0H%R! *-! /%! #%;,-%! K.#! K2=&!.=$./$!K2##*,-%!>%!GH/H&.-*#%&!0%!/2=+%.=!;2>'-%!>%!

K&2>=0$*2/! #./#! ;%$$&%! %/! K-.0%! >%#! K2-*$*E=%#!+2-2/$.*&%#B! )%#! %/$&%K&*#%#! %$! -%#! 02/#2;;.$%=&#!K%=+%/$!;2>*3*%&! #K2/$./H;%/$! -%=&! 3.d2/! >%! 3.*&%R!;.*#! *-#! /%! 3%&2/$! K.#! -.! $2$.-*$H! >=! 0F%;*/! #./#!*/0*$.$*2/B!!

!

M$%2C";#$3$;(%;$%0$)(%/$%5".+$%*$%5"O1;%(1("-$3$;(%/01;(";,$N%/";/%.;($+?$;(.1;%0)J-.A)$%

).! $FH2&*%! H02/2;*E=%! 02/#*>'&%! E=%! -%#! K&*J!&%/+2*%/$!>%#!*/32&;.$*2/#!K&H0*%=#%#!#=&!-?233&%!%$!-.!>%;./>%! >?=/! K&2>=*$B! ).! C")//$% *$/% 21)+/% *$/%3"(.@+$/% 0+$3.@+$/! %#$! -%! #*G/%! >%! -%=&! &.&H3.0$*2/!K.&!&.KK2&$!S!-.!>%;./>%B!1--%!2,-*G%!-%#!%/$&%K&*#%#!S!K&2>=*&%! >%! 3.d2/! K-=#! H02/2;%R! %/! =$*-*#./$!;2*/#!>%! &%##2=&0%#!:! -%#! $&%/$%! >%&/*'&%#! .//H%#! %/! 2/$!>2//H!-.!K&%=+%R!0.&!-.!E=./$*$H!>?H/%&G*%!=$*-*#H%!K.&!-?*/>=#$&*%!K2=&!K&2>=*&%!-%#!;[;%#!,*%/#!.!,%.=02=K!,.*##HB!!

!^.*#!0%#!#*G/.=J!>%!K&*J!>2//%/$!=/%!*/32&;.$*2/!#=&!-?H$.$!$()&"4,>%! -?233&%! %$! >%! -.! >%;./>%! #%=-%;%/$R!;[;%!#*!-%#!02;K2&$%;%/$#!.0$=%-#!>?233&%!%$!>?.0F.$!#2/$! */3-=%/0H#! K.&! -%#! ./$*0*K.$*2/#! >%#! .0$%=&#! %$!>2/0!K.&!=/%!0%&$.*/%!+*#*2/!>%#!,%#2*/#!3=$=&#!%$!>%#!02=&#B! )%#! K&*J! */$'G&%/$! -%#! ./$*0*K.$*2/#! >%#!.0F%$%=&#!%$!>%#!+%/>%=&#R!;.*#!0%#!./$*0*K.$*2/#!2/$!=/%! -*;*$%!>%!$%;K#R!#./#!E=2*! -%#!02=&#!>%#!;H$.=J!E=*!#?HK=*#%&2/$!S!-?F2&*l2/!>?=/%!$&%/$.*/%!>?.//H%#!#%&.*%/$! ,%.=02=K! K-=#! H-%+H#! E=?*-#! /%! -%! #2/$!.=U2=&>?F=*B!!!

!)%#! %/$&%K&*#%#! K%=+%/$! .+2*&! =/%! #$&.$HG*%! >%! -2/G!$%&;%R! ;.*#! -?HK=*#%;%/$! >?=/%! &%##2=&0%! %$! -%#!KH/=&*%#! 2=! K%&$=&,.$*2/#! H02-2G*E=%#! .=JE=%--%#!/2=#!&*#E=2/#!>%!3.*&%!3.0%!>./#!-%!3=$=&!#%!#*$=%/$!S!=/! F2&*l2/! >%! $%;K#! +&.*;%/$! -2*/$.*/! K2=&! %--%#!`+*/G$!S!$&%/$%!./#aB!i&!%/!;.$*'&%!>?H02-2G*%R!.G*&!.=!K-=#!+*$%!;.J*;*#%!-%#!0F./0%#!>%!&H#=-$.$B!M"%0+./$%$;%2130($% *$% -4"?$;.+% >./#! -%#! 0F2*J! H02/2;*E=%#!>HK%/>! >=! (")V% *4"2()"-./"(.1;! >%#! .0$%=&#R! 0?%#$ZSZ>*&%! >%! -?*;K2&$./0%! E=?*-#! >2//%/$! .=! 3=$=&! K.&!&.KK2&$!S!0%--%!E=?*-#!>2//%/$!.=!K&H#%/$B!W%! #2=0*%&!>?H02-2G*%R! 0?%#$! .+2*&! =/! $.=J! >?.0$=.-*#.$*2/! $&'#!

3.*,-%! `=/%! 3.*,-%! K&H3H&%/0%! K2=&! -%! K&H#%/$aB! e-! %#$!K&2,.,-%! E=%! -%#! $.=J! >?.0$=.-*#.$*2/! >%#! .0$%=&#!H02/2;*E=%#!`%/$&%K&*#%#R!02/#2;;.$%=&#a!#2*%/$!%/!$&.*/! >%! ,.*##%&R! 0.&! =/%! K&*#%! >%! 02/#0*%/0%!H02-2G*E=%!%#$!%/!02=&#R!;.*#! .-%$/(%0$)%0+1J"J-$%$;%+$?";2C$% A)4.-/% J".//$;(% "//$G% ?.($% 01)+% A)$% ;1(+$%$30+./$%/)+% -$/% +$//1)+2$/%*$% -"%0-";@($%/$%+,*)./$N%*4$--$S3`3$N% /)55./"33$;(% +"0.*$3$;(! K2=&! H+*$%&!>%! >H0-%/0F%&! >%#! K%&$=&,.$*2/#! H02-2G*E=%#!*&&H+%&#*,-%#B!

!D.&! .*--%=&#R! -%#! #*G/.=J! >%! K&*J! K%=+%/$! .+2*&! =/%!0%&$.*/%! %33*0.0*$H! K2=&! K&H#%&+%&! -%#! &%##2=&0%#!`H/%&GH$*E=%#! /2$.;;%/$aB! ^.*#! *-#! #2/$! >%! $2=$%!3.d2/%.;10,+";(/%21;2$+;";(%-$%J1)(%*$%-"%2C"j;$%*$%0+1*)2(.1;%-.;,".+$%=%-$/%*,2C$(/B!m/%!32*#!GH/H&H#R!-.!K2--=$*2/! %$! -%#! >H0F%$#! K'#%/$! #=&! $2=$!-?%/+*&2//%;%/$! %$! -%=&! $&.*$%;%/$! ! %#$! ! S! -.! 0F.&G%!>%!$2=$%!-.!#20*H$H!4!%$!K.#!#%=-%;%/$!>=!K&2>=0$%=&!`2=!>=!02/#2;;.$%=&a!E=*!-%#!.!H;*#B!)%!K&20%##=#!>%!K&2>=0$*2/! -*/H.*&%! .! >2/0! >%#! %33%$#! %J$%&/%#!/HG.$*3#R! ,.K$*#H#! K.&! -.! $FH2&*%! H02/2;*E=%!\!%J$%&/.-*$H#! /HG.$*+%#!]B! Y%#! %33%$#! %J$%&/%#!U=#$*3*%/$!-?.0$*2/!K=,-*E=%!:!-.!02--%0$*+*$H!%#$!%/!>&2*$!>?H$.,-*&! >%#! &'G-%#R! >%#! /2&;%#! 2=! >%#! $.J%#! E=*!.;'/%/$!-%#!%/$&%K&*#%#!S!K&%/>&%!0%#!%33%$#!/HG.$*3#!%/!02;K$%89B!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!89! W%-2/! n2/.->! Y2.#%R! -%#! 025$#! >%! $&./#.0$*2/! `025$#!>?*/32&;.$*2/R! >%! /HG20*.$*2/! >%! 02/$&.$#R! %J$%&/.-*$H#a!%;K[0F%/$! >?.$$%*/>&%! #K2/$./H;%/$! =/! 2K$*;=;B!)?*/$%&+%/$*2/!>%! -?1$.$! %#$! #2=F.*$.,-%! #*! -%#! 025$#! %/G%/>&H#!K.&! -.! &HG-%;%/$.$*2/!#2/$! */3H&*%=&#!.=J!025$#!>%!$&./#.0$*2/!F2&#!&HG-%;%/$.$*2/!%$!.=!,H/H3*0%!E=%!-?%/#%;,-%!>%#!.0$%=&#!&%$*&%!>%!0%$$%!&HG-%;%/$.$*2/!`$FH2&';%!>%!Y2.#%aB!!

Page 17: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%9X!!

!

M$%+k-$%*)%!+.;2.0$%*$%-"%+$/01;/"J.-.(,%,-"+#.$%*)%0+1*)2($)+%

%

!

Y?%#$! -.! -2G*E=%! >%#! %J$%&/.-*$H#! /HG.$*+%#! E=*! .!02/>=*$!S!32&;=-%&! -%!K&*/0*K%!>%! -.!R%D$/01;/"J.-.(,%,-"+#.$% *)% 0+1*)2($)+%TL% g2&;.-*#H! K.&! -?iY<1! >./#!-%#!.//H%#!8MM7R!0%!02/0%K$!.!%/#=*$%!H$H!.KK-*E=H!%/!1=&2K%R!%$!K-=#!&H0%;;%/$!.=!Y./.>.B!

!)%! K&2>=0$%=&! %#$! 02/#*>H&H! 02;;%! +$/01;/"J-$% *$%-"% 5.;% *$% ?.$% *$% /1;% 0+1*).(!:! *-! >2*$! K&%/>&%! -%#!>*#K2#*$*2/#! /H0%##.*&%#! K2=&! -*;*$%&! -%! +2-=;%! >%!>H0F%$#!E=*! &H#=-$%!>%! -?=$*-*#.$*2/!>%! #2/!K&2>=*$! %$!K2=&! $&.*$%&! 0%#! >H0F%$#B% )%! K&2>=0$%=&! /?%#$! K.#!/H0%##.*&%;%/$!*0*!=/!3.,&*0./$!:!0?%#$!-?=/!>%#!.0$%=&#!E=*! ;%$! -%! K&2>=*$! #=&! -%! ;.&0FH! `3.,&*0./$#! ;.*#!.=##*!*;K2&$.$%=&#!%$!>*#$&*,=$%=&#aB!!

!e-! K%=$! %/>2##%&! 0%$$%! &%#K2/#.,*-*$H! -=*Z;[;%! `*-!&%K&%/>! %$! &%0T0-%! #%#! K&2>=*$#R! 2=! */#$.=&%! =/!#T#$';%! >%! 02/#*G/%wa! 2=! >%! 3.d2/! 02--%0$*+%!:! *-!+%&#%!=/%!02/$&*,=$*2/!S!=/!2&G./*#;%R!>H/2;;H!%/!g&./0%!-?H02Z2&G./*#;%B!)?H02Z2&G./*#;%!U2=%!%/#=*$%!=/! &_-%! >./#! -%! $&.*$%;%/$! >%#! >H0F%$#! `&_-%!2KH&.$*2//%-!>./#!-.!02--%0$%!%$!-%!$&*!2=!02/$&*,=$*2/!3*/./0*'&%R! %JK%&$*#%R! #%/#*,*-*#.$*2/! >=! G&./>! K=,-*0!.=!$&*aB!

!)?*/$H&[$! >%! 0%! K&*/0*K%! %#$! ;=-$*K-%!:! *-! K%&;%$! >%!3*/./0%&! -%! $&.*$%;%/$! >%#! >H0F%$#R! ;.*#! .=##*! >%!&H>=*&%! -%=&!+2-=;%!S! -.!#2=&0%R!%$!.=##*!>?.;H-*2&%&!-%=&! &%0T0-.,*-*$HB! ).! n1D! */0*$%! -%! K&2>=0$%=&! S!-?H0202/0%K$*2/B! )?.##*%$$%! >%! -.! 02/$&*,=$*2/! %#$!*;K2&$./$%! 0.&! 0?%#$! %--%! E=*! +.! &%/>&%! -?*/0*$.$*2/! S!\!H0202/0%+2*&!]!K-=#!2=!;2*/#!32&$%B!!

!!

!

!

!

!

)%!K&*/0*K%!>%!-.!n%#K2/#.,*-*$H!H-.&G*%!>=!K&2>=0$%=&!%#$!&H0%/$B!e-!%#$!%/$&H!%/!.KK-*0.$*2/!%/!1=&2K%!>./#!$2=$%!=/%!#H&*%!>%! 3*-*'&%#!>./#! -%#!.//H%#!6777B! !1/!g&./0%R! -%#! K&*/0*K.-%#! 3*-*'&%#! 02/0%&/H%#! #2/$! -%#!#=*+./$%#!:!!

!

!

!

<=&./$!-%#!#*J!>%&/*'&%#!.//H%#!-%!K&*/0*K%!>%!-.!n1D!.!H$H!H$%/>=!S!=/%!>*l.*/%!>%!/2=+%--%#! 3*-*'&%#R!0%!E=*! 3.*$!>%!-.!g&./0%!-%!K.T#!-%!K-=#!.+./0H!.=!;2/>%!%/!-.!;.$*'&%B!W%-2/! -%! ;*/*#$'&%! >%! -?102-2G*%R! >=! <H+%-2KK%;%/$!>=&.,-%! %$! >%! -?1/%&G*%R! -.! K&*2&*$H! %#$! .0$=%--%;%/$! >%!02/#2-*>%&!-%#!>*#K2#*$*3#!>HUS!;*#!%/!K-.0%!K-=$_$!E=%!>%!&.--*%&!>%!/2=+%--%#!3*-*'&%#8NB!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8N! n.KK2&$! #=&! -%#! ;2>.-*$H#! >|H+2-=$*2/! %$! >|%J$%/#*2/! >=!K&*/0*K%!>%!&%#K2/#.,*-*$H!H-.&G*%!>%#!K&2>=0$%=&#!>./#!-.!G%#$*2/!>%#!>H0F%$#R!;*/*#$'&%!>%!-|102-2G*%R!>=!<H+%-2KK%;%/$!>=&.,-%R!>%#!t&./#K2&$#!%$!>=!)2G%;%/$R!;.&#!6786B!!

)=,&*3*./$# 8MVM1;,.--.G%#!;H/.G%&# 8MM9^H>*0.;%/$# 8MM9D*-%# 67781;,.--.G%#!KFT$2KF.&;.0%=$*E=%# 6778D/%=# 677N1E=*K%;%/$#!H-%0$&*E=%# 677@"=$2;2,*-%# 677@!"0.$+/%#+"0C.A)$/ 8&&Yt%J$*-% 677Vg-=*>%#!3&*G2&*3*E=%#!3-=2&H# 677M^2,*-ZF2;%# 6787Y.&$2=0F%#!>|*;K&*;./$%# 6788D&2>=*$#!0F*;*E=%#!>%#!;H/.G%# 6786^%=,-%# 6786c2=$%*--%#!>%!G.l 6786

Page 18: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%9Y!!

M$/%")(+$/%.;/(+)3$;(/%*$%01-.(.A)$%0)J-.A)$%

!)%#! ;H0./*#;%#! ,.#H#! #=&! -.! n1D! #2/$! =/! */#$&=;%/$!K=*##./$!>%!$&./#32&;.$*2/!>%#!;2>'-%#!>%!K&2>=0$*2/B!^.*#! *-#! /%! 02/#$*$=%/$! K.#! ,*%/! #5&! -%! #%=-! ;2T%/!>?.00H-H&%&! -%! K.##.G%! S! =/! ;2>%! >%! K&2>=0$*2/!0*&0=-.*&%B!!

!t2=$%#! -%#! K2-*$*E=%#! E=*! +*#%/$! S! &H>=*&%! -%#!K&H-'+%;%/$#! >%! &%##2=&0%#! %$! -%#! &%U%$#! >%! >H0F%$#!+2/$! %/! 0%! #%/#!:! 3*#0.-*$H! H02-2G*E=%! `>%! $TK%! $.J%!0.&,2/%waR! /2&;%#! $%0F/*E=%#! `K2=&! *;K2#%&! =/%!

02;K.$*,*-*$H! %/$&%! .KK.&%*-#! H-%0$&2/*E=%#! >%!>*33H&%/$%#! ;.&E=%#! %/! 0&H./$! >%#! #$./>.&>#R! K.&!%J%;K-%aR! .0$*2/! >%! #%/#*,*-*#.$*2/! >=! G&./>! K=,-*0R!%J%;K-.&*$H! >%#! .0$%=&#! K=,-*0#! >./#! -%=&#! .0F.$#! %$!-%=&! G%#$*2/! >%#! >H0F%$#R! &HG-%;%/$.$*2/! >%! 0%&$.*/%#!K&.$*E=%#!02/$&.*&%#!S! -.!,2//%!G%#$*2/!>%#!&%##2=&0%#!$%--%#! E=%! -?2,#2-%#0%/0%! K&2G&.;;H%w! )%#! 0F.;K#!>?.0$*2/#! #2/$! /2;,&%=J! %$! +.&*H#!j! -.! n1D! K&H#%/$%!K2=&! #.! K.&$! -?.+./$.G%! >?.##20*%&! -%#! K&2>=0$%=&#! .=!K&20%##=#! %$! >%! 0&H%&! -%#! 02/>*$*2/#! >?=/! >*.-2G=%! %$!>?=/%!&H3-%J*2/!K.&!3*-*'&%B!

!Q;%0+12$//)/%*$%*$/(+)2(.1;%2+,"(+.2$%

%)?H+2-=$*2/! +%&#! =/!;2>%! >%! K&2>=0$*2/! 0*&0=-.*&%! %#$!=/! 0F./G%;%/$! ;.U%=&! E=*! &%-'+%! >=! K&20%##=#! >%!\!>%#$&=0$*2/! 0&H.$&*0%!]! 32&;.-*#H! K.&! z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p=+&%! >=! /2=+%.=! ;2>'-%B! ^.*#! -%!K&20%##=#! &%#$%! -%! ;[;%!:! =/! 0%&$.*/! /2;,&%!>?.0$*+*$H#!>*#K.&.*##%/$!%$!>?.=$&%#!.KK.&.*##%/$R!%$! -%!K.##.G%! >?=/! ;2>'-%! S! -?.=$&%! /?%#$! K.#! 3-=*>%! %$!/?.,2=$*$! K.#! ).&), 1", /&*)"! S! =/%! .;H-*2&.$*2/! >%! -.!#*$=.$*2/! >%! 0F.0=/B! Y%&$.*/#! 2/$! K-=#! S! G.G/%&! E=%!>?.=$&%#B!

W*! /2=#! &%+%/2/#! S! -?%J%;K-%! >=! 0T0-%! >%! +*%! >?=/%!K2=KH%R! /2=#! 02;K&%/2/#! E=?=/! 0%&$.*/! /2;,&%!>?.0$%=&#! >%! -?H02/2;*%! -*/H.*&%! /?.! K.#! S! G.G/%&! .=!0F./G%;%/$! >%! ;2>'-%!:! 0%! #2/$! -%#! %/$&%K&*#%#! E=*!K&2>=*#%/$! 2=! E=*! >*#$&*,=%/$! >%#! 0+1*).(/% *$% 5".J-$%A)"-.(,% $(i1)% *$/% 0+1*).(/% 0$)% *)+"J-$/% 1)% 0$)%5."J-$/L! )%#! .0$%=&#! E=*! 2/$! ,%.=02=K! S! G.G/%&! #2/$!0%=J! E=*! K&2>=*#%/$! >%#! K&2>=*$#! >%! E=.-*$HR! K-=#!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8P! 102/2;*#$%! .=$&*0F*%/! `8LL9Z8MP7aR! .=$%=&! >%! -.! tFH2&*%!>%! -?H+2-=$*2/! H02/2;*E=%! `8M88aR! )%#! YT0-%#! >%#! .33.*&%#!`8M9Ma!%$!Y.K*$.-*#;%R!#20*.-*#;%!%$!>H;20&.$*%!`8MN6aB!

>=&.,-%#R!2=!%/02&%!-%#!&H#%.=J!>%!>*#$&*,=$*2/!E=*!#2/$!0.K.,-%#! >%! &HK.&%&! -%#! K&2>=*$#B! t&2*#*';%! 0.$HG2&*%!>?.0$%=&#!:! -%#! "2($)+/% ,3$+#$;(/N! E=*! &%-'+%/$! >%!-?H02/2;*%! 0*&0=-.*&%! `%$! E=*! >?.*--%=&#! /?%J*#$%/$! K.#!%/02&%! >./#! /2$&%! %J%;K-%R! -%#! K2=KH%#! /?H$./$! K.#!%/02&%!&%0T0-H%#a!:!*-!#?.G*$!>%!$2=#!-%#!*/$%&+%/./$#!>%#!&H#%.=J! >%! 02--%0$%R! >%! $&*! %$! >%! &%0T0-.G%B!W=,+%/$*2//H#!S! -%=&#!>H,=$#R! *-#! +2/$!K2=+2*&! &H.-*#%&!>%#!H02/2;*%#!>?H0F%--%! .+%0! -.!;2/$H%!%/!K=*##./0%!>%!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%!%$!G.G/%&!%/!&%/$.,*-*$HB!

O=./$! .=! 21;/133"($)+R! *-! %#$! %/! K&*/0*K%! K-=$_$!G.G/./$!:! *-! K.*%! #%#! K&2>=*$#! K-=#! 0F%&#! ;.*#! %/!,H/H3*0*%!K-=#! -2/G$%;K#!%$! -%#! &%+%/>!E=./>! *-!/?%/!.!K-=#! =#.G%B! g.0%! S! 0%! 0F./G%;%/$R! #.! K%&0%K$*2/!>HK%/>!>%!-.!+.-%=&!E=?*-!.002&>%!.=!K&H#%/$!%$!.=!3=$=&!`#2/! $.=J! >?.0$=.-*#.$*2/a!:! %#$Z*-! K&[$! S! >HK%/#%&! K-=#!.=U2=&>?F=*!K2=&!>HK%/#%&!;2*/#!>%;.*/!I!"!0%$!HG.&>R!-%! 0F2*J! H02/2;*E=%! >%#! 02/#2;;.$%=&#! %#$!02/>*$*2//H!K.&!-%=&!K&*#%!>%!02/#0*%/0%!>%#!K&2,-';%#!H02-2G*E=%#B!

Y%&$.*/#! .0$%=&#! 2/$! ;2*/#! S! G.G/%&! E=%! >?.=$&%#! .=!0F./G%;%/$R! 0%! E=*! K%=$! %/G%/>&%&! >%#! &H#*#$./0%#B!^.*#! -%! 0F./G%;%/$! >%! ;2>'-%! %#$! >?2&%#! %$! >HUS!%/02=&.GH! K.&! -%! 0.>&%! &HG-%;%/$.*&%R! %$! /2$.;;%/$!K.&! -%! K&*/0*K%! >%! -.! n%#K2/#.,*-*$H! H-.&G*%! >=!K&2>=0$%=&B!<'#!-2&#R!-.!;%*--%=&%!#$&.$HG*%!K2=&!0F.0=/!>%#! .0$%=&#R! E=?*-! #2*$! =/! .0$%=&! $&.>*$*2//%-! >%!-?H02/2;*%! -*/H.*&%! 2=! E=%! #2/! ;2>%! >%! K&2>=0$*2/!&%-'+%!>HUS!>%!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%R!%#$!>%!>%+./0%&!-%!;2=+%;%/$B!

Page 19: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%9Z!!

!

!!

!

!

!

!

\8L9]% 4-'$-(#1'.-'1*'7$".#(>&"+'->'.-'1*'("+5"//*>&"+'%

M4.;*)/(+.$%0"0$(.@+$N%3".--1;%2$;(+"-%*4);$%5.-.@+$%$;%*.55.2)-(,%

!

).!3*-*'&%!,2*#ZK.K*%&Z*;K&%##*2/!+.!>=!$&.+.*-!>=!,2*#!U=#E=?S!-?*;K&*;%&*%B!1--%!%;K-2*%!678!N77!K%&#2//%#!%/! g&./0%8@! `#2*$! 8R@h! >%! -?%;K-2*! $2$.-a! %$! GH/'&%!8R8h! >=! DecB! )%! &%0=-! >%! -4$30-1.! %#$!!K.&$*0=-*'&%;%/$!32&$!>%K=*#!6777!>./#!0%$$%!3*-*'&%!:!*-!.! >*;*/=H! >%! ::_% $;(+$% 8&&&% $(% 8&98R! 02/$&%! 68h!K2=&! -?%/#%;,-%! >%! -?*/>=#$&*%B! Y?%#$! -.! K-=#! 32&$%!,.*##%!.K&'#!-%!$%J$*-%!%$!-%#!*/>=#$&*%#!%J$&.0$*+%#B!!

Y%&$%#R! >?*;K2&$./$#! G.*/#! >%! K&2>=0$*+*$H! 2/$! H$H!&H.-*#H#! #=&! -.! KH&*2>%R! %$! -.! K&2>=0$*2/! >%! -.! 3*-*'&%!,2*#ZK.K*%&! .! &%0=-H! >./#! =/%! K&2K2&$*2/! K-=#! 3.*,-%!E=%!-?%;K-2*B!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8@!1/!3*/!>?.//H%!6786R!#%-2/!-?eXW11B!

1--%!.!$2=$!>%!;[;%!,.*##H!>%!87h!%/!+2-=;%!#=&! -.!;[;%! KH&*2>%B! ).! 3*-*'&%! >=! ,2*#ZK.K*%&Z*;K&%##*2/!%#$! #./#! 02/$%#$%! .=U2=&>?F=*! -?=/%! >%#! */>=#$&*%#!3&./d.*#%#!-%#!K-=#!%/!>*33*0=-$HB!!

)%!&%0=-!>%!-.!K&2>=0$*2/!>%!-.!,&./0F%!#?%JK-*E=%!K.&!-.!K%&$%!>%!02;KH$*$*+*$H!>=!#%0$%=&B!D2=&!-%#!K&2>=*$#!>%#! */>=#$&*%#! >=! ,2*#R! >=! K.K*%&R! >=! 0.&$2/! %$! >%!-?*;K&*;%&*%R! -%! >H3*0*$! 02;;%&0*.-! #?%#$! H-%+H! S! NRN!;*--*.&>#!>?%=&2#!%/!6786R! #2*$!%/+*&2/!@h!>=!>H3*0*$!G-2,.-!>%!-.!g&./0%B!

!

'?1-)(.1;%*$%-"%0+1*)2(.1;%c?1-)3$d%$(%*$%-4$30-1.%%6777Z6788%

!

!

!

!"+(.$%8%

D$/(")+$+%-"%2130,(.(.?.(,%*$%-4.;*)/(+.$!5+";O"./$%*)%0"0.$+%#+"0C.A)$N%);$%;,2$//.(,%

Z@7h

ZN7h

Z67h

7h

67h

N7h

@7h

D&2>=0$*2/

1;K-2**/>=#$&*%#!&H#*#$./$%#

*/>=#$&*%#!%/!>*33*0=-$H

*/>=#$&*%#!%/!+2*%!>%!>*#K.&*$*2/

W2=&0%!:!e/#%%%

Page 20: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%9a!!

"=! #%*/! >%! -.! 3*-*'&%! ,2*#ZK.K*%&Z*;K&%##*2/R! -.!3.,&*0.$*2/! >%! K.K*%&! %$! >%! 0.&$2/! %#$!K.&$*0=-*'&%;%/$! >HK&*;H%B! W*! -?%;K-2*! >./#!-?%/#%;,-%!>%!-.!3*-*'&%!.!&%0=-H!>%!97h!%/$&%!6777!%$!6787R!0%!&%0=-!.!.$$%*/$!9Lh!K2=&!-.!#%=-%!3.,&*0.$*2/!>%! K.K*%&Z0.&$2/B! ).! K&2>=0$*2/! 3&./d.*#%! >%! K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%! ,.*##%! >%K=*#! 677@B! Y%$$%! ,.*##%! %#$! -.!&H#=-$./$%!>%!>%=J!KFH/2;'/%#!:!!

!

!

!

! M$%3"+2C,%.;(,+.$)+%$/(%$;%21;(+"2(.1;!j!!!

! M4.;*)/(+.$% #+"0C.A)$% 5+";O"./$% 0$+*% $;%2130,(.(.?.(,R! 0%! E=*! #%! $&.>=*$! >%! >%=J!3.d2/#!:!!! -.! 0,;,(+"(.1;% *$/% 0+1*).(/% ,(+";#$+/%

#=&! -%! ;.&0FH! 3&./d.*#! .! $%/>./0%! S!.=G;%/$%&!j!!

! -%#!K.K%$*%&#!3&./d.*#!K%&>%/$!>%#!K.&$#!>%!!;.&0FH!S!-4$V01+(L!

%%

!

!+1*)2(.1;%5+";O"./$%*$%0"0.$+%#+"0C.A)$%%

%W2=&0%!:!Y2K.0%-!

!

["+2C,%5+";O"./%*)%0"0.$+%#+"0C.A)$%

!!

W2=&0%!:!"#$%&'#!>?.K&'#!Y2K.0%-!!

!!)%! +$2)-%*)%3"+2C,%;4$/(%0"/%0+10+$%B% -"%l+";2$B! ).!02/#2;;.$*2/! >%! K.K*%&#! G&.KF*E=%#% .! $%/>./0%! S!>*;*/=%&! >./#! $2=#! -%#! K.T#! >H+%-2KKH#B! ^.*#! -.!,.*##%! %#$!K.&$*0=-*'&%;%/$!K&2/2/0H%!%/! g&./0%B! )%!&%0=-!>%!-.!02/#2;;.$*2/!>%!K.K*%&#!G&.KF*E=%#!>./#!-%#!K.T#!>H+%-2KKH#!.!$&2*#!0.=#%#!K&*/0*K.-%#!:!!

!

9L )?%##2&! >%#! 3,*."/% ;)3,+.A)$/! %$! -.!>H;.$H&*.-*#.$*2/! >?=/! 0%&$.*/! /2;,&%!>?H0F./G%#! %$! >?.&0F*+.G%! >?*/32&;.$*2/#R!E=*!&H>=*#%/$!-.!$.*--%!>%#!;.&0FH#!.+.-#!>%!-.!3*-*'&%! G&.KF*E=%! `*;K&*;%&*%! >%! -*+&%#R!>?.-,=;#R!3.,&*0.$*2/!>?.&$*0-%#!>%!K.K%$%&*%R!>%!0.&$%#!K2#$.-%#!%$0Ba!`8a!j!

!

8L M"% 21;2)++$;2$% *$/% 0"</% ,3$+#$;(/% /)+% 2$/%3`3$/% 3"+2C,/% "?"-/N% E=*! &H>=*$!

*/>*&%0$%;%/$! -.!>%;./>%!>%!K.K*%&!.>&%##H%!.=J!K.K%$*%&#!>%#!K.T#!>H+%-2KKH#%`6a!j!

!!

:L M"% 21;2)++$;2$% *$/% 0"</% ,3$+#$;(/% /)+% *$/%5.-.@+$/% /.(),$/%$;21+$%0-)/%$;%"?"-%:! -%#! G.*/#!>%! K.&$#! >%! ;.&0FH! >%#! K.T#! H;%&G%/$#! %$!K-=#! K.&$*0=-*'&%;%/$! >%! -.! YF*/%! >./#! -$%*13".;$% *$/% J.$;/% *$% 21;/133"(.1;%#?.002;K.G/%/$! >?=/! $&./#3%&$! >%#! .0$*+*$H#!>?%;,.--.G%! %$! >%! 02/>*$*2//%;%/$!02&&%#K2/>./$%#! Z! 0%! E=*! *;K.0$%! #=&$2=$! -%!0.&$2/R! ;.*#! .=##*! -%! K.K*%&! G&.KF*E=%! +*.! -.!K&2>=0$*2/!>?H$*E=%$$%#!%$!>%!/2$*0%#!`9aB!

!

!

Z

8!777!!!

6!777!!!

9!777!!!

9aaZ

9aaa

8&&&

8&&9

8&&8

8&&:

8&&U

8&&W

8&&X

8&&Y

8&&Z

8&&a

8&9&

8&99

D&2>=0$*2/!+%/>=%!%/!g&./0% D&2>=0$*2/!%JK2&$H%

Page 21: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%8&!!

Y%&$%#R!-.!#=,#$*$=$*2/!>=!/=;H&*E=%!.=!K.K*%&!#%!3.*$!S!>%#!&T$F;%#!+.&*.,-%#!#%-2/!-%#!=#.G%#B!1--%!%#$!K-=#!&.K*>%!K2=&!-%#!#=KK2&$#!>?*/32&;.$*2/#!=$*-*$.*&%#!E=%!K2=&!0%=J!E=*!&%-'+%/$!>%#!-2*#*&#B!)%#!g&./d.*#!&%#$%/$!.$$.0FH#! .=! K.K*%&! K2=&! -.! \!-%0$=&%! K-.*#*&!]! `%$! 0%!>?.=$./$! K-=#! E=%! -%#! K-=#! G&2#! -%0$%=&#! #2/$! -%#!K%&#2//%#!fGH%#!>%!K-=#!>%!#2*J./$%!./#aB!t2=$%32*#R!-%! /2;,&%! >%! -*+&%#! +%/>=#! %/! g&./0%R! &.KK2&$H! .=!/2;,&%!>?F.,*$./$#R!%#$!.=U2=&>?F=*!%/!#$.G/.$*2/R!%$!-%! /2;,&%! >%! ;.G.l*/%#! 02;;%&0*.-*#H#! %#$! %/!,.*##%B!

).! 02/#2;;.$*2/! >%! K.K*%&! .=G;%/$%! %/! &%+./0F%!/%$$%;%/$!>./#!-%#!K.T#!H;%&G%/$#R!K2=&!>%#!&.*#2/#!#T;H$&*E=%#!:!!!

! 0%#!K.T#! G.G/%/$!>%#!K.&$#!>%!;.&0FH!>./#!-?*;K&*;%&*%! %$! -.! 3.,&*0.$*2/! >?.&$*0-%#! %/!K.K*%&!j!

! -%=&! ;.&0FH! */$H&*%=&R! ;2*/#! .+./0HR! %#$!%/02&%!%/!K-%*/!%##2&B!!

!<%! 0%! 3.*$R! >./#! -%! ;2/>%R! -.! 21;/133"(.1;% $/(%"2()$--$3$;(%$;%(+".;%*$%21;?$+#$+%?$+/%9W&%B%8&&%m#%*$%0"0.$+%2"+(1;%c(1)/%(<0$/%21;51;*)/d%0"+%C"J.(";(%$(% 0"+% ";% $;?.+1;B! ).! 02/#2;;.$*2/! 3&./d.*#%! %#$!>./#! -%!,.#!>%!0%$$%! 32=&0F%$$%!`8PN!qG!K.&!F.,*$./$!%/!6787R!>2/$!@V!qG!K2=&!-%!#%=-!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%R!%$!X&% m#% K2=&! -.! E=./$*$H! 02/#2;;H%! K.&! -%!02/#2;;.$%=&! 3*/.-R! %/02&%! >H/2;;H! \!K2#$!02/#=;%&!]aB!!!

!n1;/133"(.1;%*$%0"0.$+%#+"0C.A)$%0"+%C"J.(";(%`%/!qGa!

!

!W2=&0%!:!"#$%&'#!>?.K&'#!Y2K.0%-R!Y1De!%$!1=&2#$.$B!!1=&2K%!:!KH&*;'$&%!Y1DeB!YF.;K!:!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%!T!02;K&*#!K&HZ02/#=;%&B!

!

! !

M7!!! M8!!! M8!!!

LN!!!

VV!!! VM!!!LP!!! LN!!! L9!!!

VL!!!

@P!!! @V!!!@7

V7

L7

M7

8&&W

8&&X

8&&Y

8&&Z

8&&a

8&9&

1=&2K% g&./0%

Page 22: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%89!!

%

\8L8]% 4-5'.2>-$/&+*+>5'.-'1*'("/72>&>&?&>2'.*+5'19&+.#5>$&-!7*7->&0$-'%

%Q;$%.;*)/(+.$%2"0.("-./(.A)$N%1o%-$/%,21;13.$/%*4,2C$--$%/1;(%,-$?,$/%%"+./$!>?./.-T#%&!K-=#! %/!>H$.*-! -%#! 0.=#%#!>=!>H0-*/!>%!-?*/>=#$&*%! 3&./d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p=+&%!E=%!-.!3.,&*0.$*2/!>%!K.K*%&Z0.&$2/B!)%!025$!>=!$&.+.*-!.!>2/0! =/! *;K.0$! #=&! #.! 02;KH$*$*+*$H! `0%! E=*! /?%#$! K.#!+&.*;%/$!-%!0.#!K2=&!-?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%aB!

%

)%!;.&0FH!20$&2*%!>2/0!.=J!%/$&%K&*#%#!=/%!#2&$%!>%!\!K&*;%!S!-.!$.*--%!]B!!!"! 0%$! HG.&>R! -.! g&./0%! #%;,-.*$! K-=$_$! ,*%/! -2$*%!K=*#E=?%/! 6777! `#2*$! .+./$! E=%! -.! K&2>=0$*2/! /%!02;;%/0%! +&.*;%/$! S! ,.*##%&aR! -%! 0F*33&%! >?.33.*&%#!;2T%/!>%#!3.,&*0./$#!>%!K.K*%&Z0.&$2/!T!H$.*$!>%!9L!;*--*2/#!>?%=&2#R! 0%!E=*!%#$! 0%&$%#!K-=#! 3.*,-%!E=%! -.!$.*--%! ;2T%//%! >%#! K.K%$*%&#! #0./>*/.+%#! 2=!.--%;./>#R! ;.*#! #=KH&*%=&! S! -.! $.*--%! ;2T%//%! >%#!%/$&%K&*#%#! >?1=&2K%! >=! W=>! `.=$2=&! >%! 8P!;*--*2/#!>?%=&2#!S!0%$$%!>.$%a8VB%

%%M$%+k-$%*$/%.;?$/(.//$3$;(/N%*$/%"00+1?./.1;;$3$;(/N%*$/%/$2($)+/%2-.$;(/%!M4";"-</$% *$/% 0+.;2.0")V% 0"</% 0+,/$;(/% /)+% -$% 3"+2C,% 5+";O"./% ;1)/% "3@;$% B% 21;2-)+$% A)$% -$/% ,-,3$;(/%*,($+3.;";(/%01)+%-"%2130,(.(.?.(,%*$/%5"J+.2";(/%*$%0"0.$+%#+"0C.A)$%$)+10,$;/%/1;(%=%%!

!!!! -.!&H#*#$./0%!>%#!#%0$%=&#!0-*%/$#!#=&!-%!;.&0FH!/.$*2/.-!j!

!!!! -%#!*/+%#$*##%;%/$#!j!

!!!! -?=$*-*#.$*2/!>%!K.K*%&!&%0T0-HB!

!

Y?%#$! -.! $%/=%! >%#! #%0$%=&#! 0-*%/$#! E=*! .KK.&.b$! 02;;%! -?H-H;%/$! -%! K-=#! *;K2&$./$!:! -.! &H#*#$./0%! >%! -?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!%#$!-*H%!S!-.!#./$H!>%!-?*;K&*;%&*%!%$!.=$&%#!*/>=#$&*%#!>%!$&./#32&;.$*2/!>=!K.K*%&B!!

~*%//%/$!%/#=*$%!-%#!*/+%#$*##%;%/$#!%$!-?=$*-*#.$*2/!>%!+*%=J!K.K*%&#B!

!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8V!W2=&0%!:!1=&2#$.$!

Page 23: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%88!!

M$/%/$2($)+/%2-.$;(/%!)%#! >*33*0=-$H#! >%#! */>=#$&*%#! #*$=H%#! %/! .+.-! >%! -.!3*-*'&%! `*;K&*;%&*%R! 3.,&*0.$*2/! >?.&$*0-%#! %/! K.K*%&R!H>*$*2/a!%JK-*E=%/$!=/%!,2//%!K.&$!>%#!>*33*0=-$H#!>%!-?*/>=#$&*%!3&./d.*#%!>=!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%B!!Y%&$%#R!#*!-%#!#%0$%=&#!0-*%/$#!+2/$!;.-!%/!g&./0%R!*-!%#$!$2=U2=&#! K2##*,-%! >%! 0F%&0F%&! >%#! >H,2=0FH#! S!-?%JK2&$B!^.*#! K2=&! =/%! */>=#$&*%! $&'#! 0.K*$.-*#$*E=%R!>2/$!-.!&%/$.,*-*$H!%#$!-*H%!.=J!+2-=;%#!K&2>=*$#R!*-!%#$!$2=U2=&#! */02/32&$.,-%! >?[$&%! .##*#%! #=&! =/! ;.&0FH!>2;%#$*E=%!%/!>H0-*/B!!!!!

l"J+.2"(.1;%*4"+(.2-$/%*$%0"0$($+.$%%~.&*.$*2/!>%!-.!K&2>=0$*2/!%/!+2-=;%!

,,

!+1*)2(.1;%*)%/$2($)+%*$%-4.30+.3$+.$%%~.&*.$*2/!>%!-.!K&2>=0$*2/!%/!+2-=;%!

!!!

W2=&0%!:!1=&2#$.$!`&%K&2B!>?%/&%G*#$&%;%/$#!*/0-=#%a!!!!!!!!!

i&R!-.!K%&$%!>%!02;KH$*$*+*$H%>%#!*/>=#$&*%#!.+.-!>%!-.!3*-*'&%! K.K*%&#% .! H$H% 0"+(.2)-.@+$3$;(% 0+1;1;2,$% $;%l+";2$L% "-2&#! E=?%/$&%! 6777! %$! 6788R! -.! K&2>=0$*2/!%=&2KH%//%! >?.&$*0-%#! >%! K.K%$%&*%! .! &%0=-H! >%! 8@h!%/!+2-=;%R!-.!,.*##%!.!.$$%*/$!P9h!%/!g&./0%B!!!

<./#! -%! >2;.*/%! >%! -?*;K&*;%&*%8LR! -.! K&2>=0$*2/! >%!-?m1!.!,.*##H!>%!88h!#=&!0%$$%!KH&*2>%R!%$!0%--%!>%! -.!g&./0%R!>?=/!$*%&#B!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8L!n%K&2>=0$*2/!>?%/&%G*#$&%;%/$#!*/0-=#%B!

Z6Ph

Z67h

Z8Ph

Z87h

ZPh

7h

Ph

87h

9aa9

9aa:

9aaW

9aaY

9aaa

8&&9

8&&:

8&&W

8&&Y

8&&a

8&99

g&./0% m1!6V

Z87h

ZPh

7h

Ph

87h

9aa9

9aa:

9aaW

9aaY

9aaa

8&&9

8&&:

8&&W

8&&Y

8&&a

8&99

g&./0% m1!6V

Page 24: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%8:!!

!!!!<%K=*#! 6779R! -.! g&./0%! .301+($% 0-)/% *$% 0+1*).(/%#+"0C.A)$/% A)4$--$% ;4$;% $V01+($!:! 0?%#$! -%! #%=-! G&./>!K.T#!>?1=&2K%!S![$&%!>./#!0%!0.#B!!!!!!!!!!!

K1-*$%2133$+2."-%*$/%0+1*).(/%#+"0C.A)$/%%c,*.(.1;%*$%-.?+$/N%*$%b1)+;")V%$(%")(+$/%"+(.2-$/%$;%0"0.$+d%

1/!;*--*2/#!>?%=&2#!

!W2=&0%!:!1=&2#$.$B!Y2>%!NM!

!

M$/%.;?$/(.//$3$;(/%%Xc!:! -%#! >2//H%#! >?*/+%#$*##%;%/$! >=! #%=-! #%0$%=&! >=!K.K*%&! G&.KF*E=%! /%! #2/$! K.#! >*#K2/*,-%#B! X2=#!02/#*>H&2/#!>2/0!*0*!-?%/#%;,-%!>=!#%0$%=&!K.K%$*%&B!!)%#! */>=#$&*%#! K.K%$*'&%#! %#K.G/2-%R! *$.-*%//%! %$!K2&$=G.*#%! 2/$! */+%#$*! >.+./$.G%! E=%! -?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%! 3&./d.*#%! .=! 02=&#! >%#! .//H%#! 6777! `%/!K&2K2&$*2/!>%! -%=&!0F*33&%!>?.33.*&%#R!03B!G&.KF*E=%!0*Z02/$&%aB!!!).! 3.*,-%##%! >%#! $.=J! >?*/$H&[$! &H%-#! `02&&*GH#! >%!-?*/3-.$*2/a! %/! 1=&2K%! >=! W=>! .! %/02=&.GH!-?*/+%#$*##%;%/$! >./#! 0%#! K.T#R! U=#E=?.=!>H0-%/0F%;%/$! >%! -.! 0&*#%! E=%! /2=#! 02//.*##2/#!.0$=%--%;%/$B!!!!!!!

!!!

p;?$/(.//$3$;(/%*)%/$2($)+%0"0$(.$+%%/!h!>=!0F*33&%!>?.33.*&%#!

W2=&0%!:!1=&2#$.$B!e/+%#$*##%;%/$#!,&=$#!%/!,*%/#!02&K2&%-#B!W%0$%=&!>%!-.!3.,&*0.$*2/!>=!K.K*%&!%$!>=!0.&$2/B!

!

!

%%%%%

ZP77

7

P77

8!777

8!P77

6!777

6!P77

9!777

9aaa

8&&&

8&&9

8&&8

8&&:

8&&U

8&&W

8&&X

8&&Y

8&&Z

8&&a

8&9&

8&99

m1 "--%;.G/% 1#K.G/% g&./0% e$.-*%

7h

Nh

Lh

86h

8@h

8&&&

8&&9

8&&8

8&&:

8&&U

8&&W

8&&X

8&&Y

8&&Z

1#K.G/% "--%;.G/% g&./0%e$.-*% g*/-./>% D2&$=G.-

Page 25: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%8U!!

M4)(.-./"(.1;%*$%?.$)V%0"0.$+/%%

%P")V%*4)(.-./"(.1;%*$/%?.$)V%0"0.$+/%$(%2130,(.(.?.(,%

!!

W2=&0%!:!"#$%&'#!>?.K&'#!3H>H&.$*2/#!K&23%##*2//%--%#!/.$*2/.-%#R!cen!%$!Y1DeB!!%Y2;;%!-%!#=GG'&%!-%!G&.KF*E=%!0*Z>%##=#R!*-!%J*#$%!=/!-*%/! %/$&%! =$*-*#.$*2/! >%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! %$!02;KH$*$*+*$HR!;[;%! #*! >?.=$&%#! 3.0$%=&#! */$%&3'&%/$B!W=&!-.!KH&*2>%!677PZ6787R!-%#!>%=J!K.T#!E=*!=$*-*#.*%/$!-%! K-=#! >%! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! `"--%;.G/%! %$! 1#K.G/%a! 2/$!-*;*$H! -.! ,.*##%! >%! -%=&! K&2>=0$*2/! >%! K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%B! )%! D2&$=G.-! .! .=G;%/$H! #.! K&2>=0$*2/!;.-G&H! =/! $.=J! >?=$*-*#.$*2/! 3.*,-%R! >=! 3.*$! >?=/%!2=+%&$=&%! >%! #*$%R! %$! %/! &.*#2/! >?.=$&%#! 3.0$%=&#! >%!02;KH$*$*+*$H! `*/+%#$*##%;%/$#R! .KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$!%/!%=0.-TK$=#R!03!K.G%!66aB!!!<./#! E=%--%! ;%#=&%! -?=$*-*#.$*2/! >%! +*%=J! K.K*%&#!K%=$Z%--%! K&20=&%&! =/! .+./$.G%! 02;KH$*$*3! .=J!K.K%$*%&#!I!Y%$$%! &%##2=&0%!%#$Z%--%!;2*/#!0F'&%!E=%!-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%!I!%

1--%!/%!-?%#$!K.#!+H&*$.,-%;%/$R!0.&!-%#!K&*J!>%!-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%! %$! 0%=J! >%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! 2/$! $%/>./0%! S!#?HG.-*#%&B!Y%#!>%&/*'&%#!.//H%#R!-4,?1-)(.1;%*)%21)+/%*$/%?.$)V%0"0.$+/%"%,(,%0+12C$%*$%2$--$%*)%J1./%$(%*$%-"%0q($%?.$+#$B!~*%=J!K.K*%&#!%$!,2*#!S!$&./#32&;%&!%/!Kf$%! #2/$! >%#! K&2>=*$#! /&5/)*)&$54"/R! %$! 0?%#$!K2=&E=2*!-%=&#!K&*J!H+2-=%/$!>%!3.d2/!02/U2*/$%B!m/%!F.=##%!>%#!02=&#!>=!,2*#!#%!$&.>=*$!K.&!=/%!>%;./>%!.00&=%!>%!+*%=J!K.K*%&#R!%$!>2/0!K.&!=/%!F.=##%!>%#!02=&#! >%! 0%=JZ0*B! m/%! F.=##%! >%#! 02=&#! >%! -?H/%&G*%!

2=!>%!-?%.=!0./.-*#%!K2=&!#.!K.&$!-.!>%;./>%!+%&#!-%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!`0.&!0%=JZ0*!&%E=*'&%/$!;2*/#!>?H/%&G*%!E=%! -%!,2*#!K2=&![$&%! $&./#32&;H#a!;.*#! %/$&.b/%!>%!0%! 3.*$!=/%!F.=##%!>%! -.!>%;./>%!%$!>2/0!>%#!02=&#!>%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#B!Y%&$%#R!0%#!;H0./*#;%#!>?.&,*$&.G%!K&%//%/$!>=!$%;K#R!0.&!-%#!*/+%#$*##%;%/$#!S!&H.-*#%&!K2=&!K.##%&!>?=/!;2>%!>?.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$!S!-?.=$&%!#2/$!025$%=JR!;.*#!*%,'*%"R!#=&!-%#!;.&0FH#R!-$/%0+.V%*$%-"% 0q($% +$2<2-,$% $(% *$% -"% 0q($% ?.$+#$% ($;*$;(% B%/4,#"-./$+9aL! ).! F.=##%! >%#! 02=&#! >%#! ;.$*'&%#!K&%;*'&%#!`,2*#!%$!H/%&G*%a!3.*$!K.##%&!-?*/>=#$&*%!>?=/!.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$! `-%! ,2*#a! S! -?.=$&%! `-%! +*%=J!K.K*%&aR! ;.*#! -%! +*%=J! K.K*%&! /%! &%#$%! U.;.*#! $&'#!-2/G$%;K#!;2*/#!0F%&!E=%!-%!,2*#B!!)%#! 02=&#! >%! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%! %$! >=! +*%=J! K.K*%&!H+2-=%/$!>2/0!>%! 3.d2/!K&20F%!4!;.*#! $2=$%32*#! K.#!*>%/$*E=%!:!

! )%#! 3-=0$=.$*2/#! >%#! K&*J! >%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#!#=*+%/$! 0%--%#! >%! -.! Kf$%! .+%0! =/! K%=! >%!&%$.&>B!!

! )%#! +.&*.$*2/#! #2/$! #2=+%/$! >%! K-=#! G&./>%!.;K-%=&!#=&!-%!;.&0FH!>%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#R!0.&!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8M! e-! %#$! K&H0*#H! E=%! -%#! .-H.#! >%#! ;.&0FH#! >%#! Kf$%#!K%=+%/$!GH/H&%&!>%#!3-=0$=.$*2/#!.=$2=&!>%!0%$$%!$%/>./0%!S!-.!02/+%&G%/0%B!

Page 26: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%8W!!

-?233&%!T!%#$!K-=#!*/%&$%!:!*-!/?%#$!K.#!3.0*-%!>%!;*%=J!;2,*-*#%&!-%#!0*$2T%/#!%$!>%!-%#!*/0*$%&!S! $&*%&! >.+./$.G%! -2&#E=%! -.! >%;./>%! >%!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!.=G;%/$%!�!Y?%#$!K2=&E=2*! -%#!

+.&*.$*2/#! >%! -.! >%;./>%! #%! $&.>=*#%/$! K.&!>%#! 3-=0$=.$*2/#! >%! K&*J! K.&$*0=-*'&%;%/$!32&$%#! `02;;%! -?*/>*E=%/$! -%#! H0.&$#Z$TK%#!;%/$*2//H#!0*Z>%##2=#aB!

!

%%

n1)+/%*$%-"%0q($%$(%*$/%?.$)V%0"0.$+/%1/!%=&2#!K.&!$2//%!

!W2=&0%!:! D.K?"&G=#B! Df$%R! H0F%--%!>%!G.=0F%R! +*%=J!K.K*%&#!:! H0F%--%!>%!>&2*$%B!~*%=J!K.K*%&#!:! 02=&#!>%#!DYn! #=&! -%!;.&0FH!3&./d.*#B!).!Kf$%!+*%&G%!>%+&.*$![$&%!02;K.&H%!S!-.!Kf$%!&%0T0-H%!K-=$_$!E=?.=J!+*%=J!K.K*%&#R!;.*#!-%#!K&*J!>%!-.!Kf$%! &%0T0-H%!/%!#2/$!K.#!>*#K2/*,-%#R! 0.&! -%#!E=./$*$H#!>%!Kf$%!;.&0F./>%!H0F./GH%#!#2/$! $&2K! 3.*,-%#B! 10.&$#Z$TK%#!0.-0=-H#!#=&!-%#!G-*##%;%/$#!.//=%-#B!

%

!Y%! ;2>%! >%! 32/0$*2//%;%/$! >=! ;.&0FH! K%&;%$!>?%JK-*E=%&! -?.+./$.G%! 02;KH$*$*3! >%#! K.K%$*%&#! E=*!=$*-*#%/$!-%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!>%!>%=J!;./*'&%#!:!!

! e-#! ,H/H3*0*%/$! >?=/%! &%##2=&0%! >2/$! -%! K&*J!%#$! -HG'&%;%/$! .+./$.G%=J! >./#! -.! ;%#=&%!2k! -%#! 02=&#! >%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! #=*+%/$! 0%=J!>=! ,2*#! .+%0! =/! K%=! >%! &%$.&>B! <./#! =/!02/$%J$%! F.=##*%&R! 0%-.! &%#$%! =/! .+./$.G%B!X2=#! +%&&2/#! E=%% 2$% *,2"-"#$% $/(% "00$-,%B%/4"22$;()$+%B%-4"?$;.+%`K2*/$!6B9aB!

!

! )%#!K.K%$*%&#!E=*! =$*-*#%/$!>%#! +*%=J!K.K*%&#!#2/$! .=##*! GH/H&.-%;%/$! 0%=J! E=*! 2/$!%33%0$=H! >%#! */+%#$*##%;%/$#! -%! K-=#!&H0%;;%/$! `-%#! >%=J! 3.0$%=&#! >%!

02;KH$*$*+*$H! E=%! #2/$! -?*/+%#$*##%;%/$! %$!-?.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$! %/! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! /?%/!32/$!%/!3.*$!E=?=/aB!

!m/%!.=$&%!%JK-*0.$*2/!K2=&&.*$!&H#*>%&!>./#! -%! 3.*$!>%!*./01/$+% *4"221+*/% 0+,5,+$;(.$-/! %$! >%! -2/G! $%&;%!K%&;%$$./$! >%! #?.KK&2+*#*2//%&! %/! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! S!>%#! K&*J! */3H&*%=&#! S! 0%=J! >=! ;.&0FHB! ^.*#! 2$% (<0$%*4"?";("#$% ;4$/(% 0"/% 0,+$;;$% *";/% );% 21;($V($% *$%21)+/% *)+"J-$3$;(% C")//.$+/% `2&! -%#! 02=&#! #2/$!F.=##*%&#! %/! $%/>./0%R! ;.-G&H! >%#! ,.*##%#!K2/0$=%--%#aB!O=./>! -%#! 02=&#!;2/$%/$R! -?*/0*$.$*2/!S!/%! K.#! &%#K%0$%&! -%#! .002&>#! K&H3H&%/$*%-#! %#$! 32&$%!K2=&!-%#!+%/>%=&#B%

!!!

Z

877!!!

677!!!

977!!!

7

677

N77

@77

L77

8&&:

8&&U

8&&W

8&&X

8&&Y

8&&Z

8&&a

8&9&

8&99

8&98

Df$%!̀ XWcra ~*%=J!K.K*%&!`#2&$%!8B88a

~*%=J!K.K*%&!`#2&$%!6B79a ~*%=J!K.K*%&!`#2&$%!9B8Va

9Z_

9Y_

ZX_9:Z_

6($!)7)3-",

Page 27: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%8X!!

M"%A)$/(.1;%*$%-"%0q($%*4$)2"-<0()/%%<./#!=/!#2=0*!>%!0-.&$HR!/2=#!.+2/#!02/#*>H&H!0*Z>%##=#!E=%! -%#! K&*J! >%! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%! H$.*%/$! F2;2G'/%#B! 1/!&H.-*$HR! -%#! K&*J! >%! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%! #2/$! +.&*.,-%#! #%-2/!-%=&#!2&*G*/%#B!"*/#*!-.!0q($%J+,/.-.$;;$!%#$!;2*/#!0F'&%!E=%! -.! Kf$%! %=&2KH%//%R! 0.&! -%#! 3.,&*0./$#! ,&H#*-*%/#!2/$! >%#! 025$#! ,%.=02=K! ;2*/#! H-%+H#B! )%! 32/0*%&! %#$!K%=! 0F%&R! -?*/>=#$&*%! %#$! #=,+%/$*2//H%R! -%#! /2&;%#!%/+*&2//%;%/$.-%#! #2/$! ;2*/#! %J*G%./$%#R! %$! -.! Kf$%!%#$! %##%/$*%--%;%/$! 3.,&*E=H%! S! K.&$*&! >?%=0.-TK$=#R!=/%!%#K'0%!S!0&2*##./0%!$&'#!&.K*>%67B!!%

e-! 3.=$! &%02//.b$&%! E=%! -?.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$! %/! Kf$%!,&H#*-*%//%! &%K&H#%/$%! =/! 0F2*J! H02/2;*E=%!&.$*2//%-B!^.*#!K&2>=*&%!S!,.#%!>%!Kf$%!,&H#*-*%//%!.!=/! 217(% ,21-1#.A)$% ,-$?,!:! -%#! K-./$.$*2/#!02;;%&0*.-%#! >?%=0.-TK$=#! 2/$! =/! *;K.0$! /HG.$*3! #=&!-.! ,*2>*+%&#*$HB! )%! $&./#K2&$! >%! -.! Kf$%! #=&! >%! $%--%#!>*#$./0%#!GH/'&%!>%#!H;*##*2/#!>%!Yi6B!

%

%r).%#"#;$%*$/%0"+(/%*$%3"+2C,%$;%l+";2$%s!!)%#!K.T#!E=*!G.G/%/$!>%#!K.&$#!>%!;.&0FH!#=&!-%!;.&0FH!3&./d.*#! >%#! K.K*%&#! G&.KF*E=%#! #2/$! $2=#! $)+10,$;/%=%p("-.$N%!1+()#"-N%K)@*$N%'/0"#;$N%!"</SF"/N%F$-#.A)$B!).!X2&+'G%!%$!-.!g*/-./>%R!>%!$&.>*$*2/!K.K%$*'&%!./0*%//%R!#2/$! %/! &%0=-! #=&! -%! ;.&0FH! 3&./d.*#B! )?"--%;.G/%! .!G.G/H!>%#!K.&$#!>%!;.&0FH!.=!>H,=$!>%#!.//H%#!6777!%$!%/!.!%/#=*$%!K%&>=!%/$&%!677N!%$!6788B!!!

%%%%%%%%%

>"+."(.1;%*$/%0"+(/%*$%3"+2C,%c8&&US8&99d%#=&!-%!;.&0FH!3&./d.*#!>%#!K.K*%&#!G&.KF*E=%#!

!

!W2=&0%!:!"#$%&'#!>?.K&'#!Y2K.0%-!

!!!

!%

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!67!W2=&0%!:!y2&->!n.*/!g2&%#$!^2+%;%/$B!

ZNh

Z9h

Z6h

Z8h

7h

8h

6h

9h

Page 28: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%8Y!!

).!K%&$%!>%!K.&$#!>%!;.&0FH!>%#!K.K%$*%&#!3&./d.*#68!#=&!-%=&!;.&0FH!>2;%#$*E=%!/?%#$!K.#! *;K=$.,-%!.=! #=00'#!>?=/! #%=-! K.T#!:! -"% l+";2$% $/(% $;% 5".(% "?$2% -"% l.;-";*$%-4);%*$/% /$)-/%0"</%$)+10,$;/%B%?1.+% /"%0+1*)2(.1;%*$%0"0.$+/%#+"0C.A)$/%*,2+12C$+B!Y?%#$! 0%$!.KK%-!>?.*&!E=*!K&2+2E=%!-.!F.=##%!>%#!K.&$#!>%!;.&0FH!>%#!.=$&%#!K.T#!>?1=&2K%!#=&!-%!;.&0FH!3&./d.*#B!!

%%%%%%%

%!+1*)2(.1;%*$%0"0.$+%#+"0C.A)$%`%/!+2-=;%R!,.#%!877!%/!677Pa!

!

!!

%

%

W2=&0%#!:!"#K.K%-R!"##20.&$.!`677PZ6787aR!Y2K.0%-R!Y2,%-K.R!Y%-K.R!Wu%>*#F!g2&%#$!e/>=#$&*%#!g%>%&.$*2/R!g*//*#F!g2&%#$!e/>=#$&*%#!g%>%&.$*2/R!~%&,./>!<%=$#0F%&!D.K*%&3.,&*q%/B!"//H%!6788!%#$*;H%!K2=&!-?e$.-*%B!

%%

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!68!Y?%#$ZSZ>*&%!%/!3.*$!>%#!K.K%$*%&#!*;K-./$H#!%/!g&./0%R!-%#!.0$*2//.*&%#!>%#!=#*/%#!3&./d.*#%#!H$./$!#2=+%/$!H$&./G%&#B!!

@7!!!

V7!!!

L7!!!

M7!!!

877!!!

887!!!

867!!!

897!!!

8N7!!!

8P7!!!

8%&&

W

8%&&

X

8%&&

Y

8%&&

Z

8%&&

a

8%&9

&

8%&9

9

g&./0% 1#K.G/% e$.-*% D2&$=G.-

@7!!!

V7!!!

L7!!!

M7!!!

877!!!

887!!!

867!!!

897!!!

8N7!!!

8P7!!!

8%&&

W

8%&&

X

8%&&

Y

8%&&

Z

8%&&

a

8%&9

&

8%&9

9

g&./0% W='>% c%-G*E=%

g*/-./>% "--%;.G/%

Page 29: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%8Z!!

M4p("-.$%!Y?%#$! -?e$.-*%!E=*!.!%33%0$=H! -.!K-=#! 32&$%!K&2G&%##*2/!#=&!-%! ;.&0FH! 3&./d.*#! %/$&%! 677N! %$! 6788B! Y%$$%!K&2G&%##*2/!%#$!#=&$2=$!-%!3.*$!>=!K.K*%&!K2=&!*;K&%##*2/!%$! H0&*$=&%! `K.K*%&! G&.KF*E=%! .=$&%! E=%! K&%##%aB! ~=!>?e$.-*%R! -%! #=00'#! >%! -?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%! %#$! K2=&$./$!-2*/! >?[$&%! #K%0$.0=-.*&%B! ).! K&2>=0$*2/! >%! K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%! H+2-=%! >%! 3.d2/! S! K%=! K&'#! 02/32&;%! S! -.!K&2>=0$*2/! %=&2KH%//%!:! .=$&%;%/$! >*$R! %--%! &%#$%!#$.,-%B! )%! K.T#! &%#$%! >H3*0*$.*&%! K2=&! -%#! K.K*%&#!G&.KF*E=%#B!^.*#!-%#!H0F./G%#!3&./02Z*$.-*%/#!2/$!H+2-=H!>./#!=/!#%/#!3.+2&.,-%!S!-?e$.-*%!4!%/!&%+./0F%R!-%!>H3*0*$!#?%#$!0&%=#H!.+%0!-?"--%;.G/%B!!!)%! #=00'#! >%#! K&2>=*$#! *$.-*%/#! #=&! -%! ;.&0FH! 3&./d.*#!#%;,-%!>%+2*&!#?%JK-*E=%&!K.&!-.!+,/./(";2$%*$/%/$2($)+/%2-.$;(/R! E=*! K%&;%$! S! -?*/>=#$&*%! *$.-*%//%! >%! 02/#%&+%&!>%#!+2-=;%#!#*G/*3*0.$*3#!#=&!#2/!;.&0FH!>2;%#$*E=%!%$!>2/0!>%!&H.-*#%&!>%#!H02/2;*%#!>?H0F%--%!

)%#! .;?$/(.//$3$;(/!>%! -?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%! *$.-*%//%!2/$!H$H!#=KH&*%=&#!`&.KK2&$H#!S!-%=&!0F*33&%!>?.33.*&%#a!S!0%=J!>%#!K.K%$*%&#!3&./d.*#!U=#E=?%/!6779R!;.*#!#2/$!#*;*-.*&%#!>%K=*#B!!1/! 0%! E=*! 02/0%&/%! -%#! "00+1?./.1;;$3$;(/% %/!;.$*'&%!K&%;*'&%R! -?.+./$.G%!>%! -?e$.-*%!/%! &H#*>%!K.#!>./#! -%! &%0T0-.G%B! )%! $.=J! >?=$*-*#.$*2/! >%#! +*%=J!K.K*%&#! /?%#$! K.#! $&'#! H-%+H! >./#! 0%! K.T#! `P@h! K2=&!-?%/#%;,-%! >%#! K.K*%&#! %$! 0.&$2/#! %$! 8@h! #%=-%;%/$!K2=&!-%#!K.K*%&#!G&.KF*E=%#aB!)?e$.-*%!%JK2&$%!>?.*--%=&#!K&'#! >?=/! $*%&#! >%! #.! 02--%0$%! >%! +*%=J! K.K*%&#B! 1/!&%+./0F%R! -?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%! *$.-*%//%!#?.KK&2+*#*2//%! %/! Kf$%! +*%&G%! >?%=0.-TK$=#! S! ,.#!K&*JR! E=?%--%! *;K2&$%! >?";H&*E=%! -.$*/%66B! Y%! ;2>%!>?.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$!3.*$!#%/#!H02/2;*E=%;%/$!;.*#!K2#%!>%!&H%-#!K&2,-';%#!H02-2G*E=%#!`03!K.G%!66aB%

!!!M46--$3"#;$%!!!!)?"--%;.G/%!%#$!#2=+%/$!02/#*>H&H%!02;;%!=/!K.T#!>%!&H3H&%/0%! >./#! -?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%B! D2=&$./$R! #.! K.&$!>=!;.&0FH!3&./d.*#!>%#!K.K*%&#!G&.KF*E=%#!/%!K&2G&%##%!K-=#!>%K=*#!677PB!1--%!%#$!K.##H%!>%!8Lh!S!8@h!%/!677V!%$!%#$!&%#$H%!S!K%=!K&'#!#$.,-%!>%K=*#B!!)?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%! .--%;./>%! >2*$! .0$=%--%;%/$! #.!0&2*##./0%! .=! K.K*%&! >?FTG*'/%! %$! .=! 0.&$2/! %$! K.K*%&!>?%;,.--.G%B! ).! K&2>=0$*2/! .--%;./>%! >%! K.K*%&#!G&.KF*E=%#!.!,.*##H!>?%/+*&2/!87h!%/$&%!677V!%$!678869B!).!K&2>=0$*2/!>%!K.K*%&!%$!0.&$2/!K2=&!%;,.--.G%!.!%/!&%+./0F%! K&2G&%##H! #=&! 0%$$%! KH&*2>%! `ÄVha! >%! ;[;%!E=%!0%--%!>%!K.K*%&#!>?FTG*'/%!`ÄPhaB!!

!"+(/%*$%3"+2C,%/)+%-$%3"+2C,%5+";O"./%*$/%0"0.$+/%#+"0C.A)$/%

!

!W2=&0%!:!"#$%&'#!>?.K&'#!Y2K.0%-!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!66!W%-2/!"##20.&$.!`&.KK2&$!6787aR!-?e$.-*%!*;K2&$%!M7h!>%!-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%!E=?%--%!02/#2;;%B!m/!$*%&#!>%!#%#!*;K2&$.$*2/#!K&2+*%/$!>?";H&*E=%!>=!W=>R!K&*/0*K.-%;%/$!>=!c&H#*-B!69!W2=&0%!:!~%&,./>!<%=$#0F%&!D.K*%&3.,&*q%/R!&.KK2&$!.//=%-!6786B!

87h

86h

8Nh

8@h

8Lh

67h

66h

6Nh

6@h

6Lh

8&&U 8&&W 8&&X 8&&Y 8&&Z 8&&a 8&9& 8&99

"--%;.G/%g&./0%D2&$=G.-R!e$.-*%R!1#K.G/%

Page 30: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%8a!!

M4'/0"#;$%%!).! K%&0H%! >%#! K.K%$*%&#! %#K.G/2-#! #=&! -%! ;.&0FH!3&./d.*#! %#$! -%! 3.*$! >=! 0"0.$+% *$% 0+$//$B! )%#!%JK2&$.$*2/#!%#K.G/2-%#!>%!K.K*%&!>%!K&%##%!`U2=&/.-!Ä!)yYa!+%&#!-.!g&./0%!2/$!H$H!;=-$*K-*H%#!K.&!P!%/$&%!677N!%$!6788B!!!)?.;?$/(.//$3$;(! .! U2=H! =/! &_-%! >H$%&;*/./$! >./#!0%$$%! K&2G&%##*2/!:! -%! $.=J! >?*/+%#$*##%;%/$! .! ,2/>*!>./#! -%! #%0$%=&! K.K%$*%&! %#K.G/2-! %/! 677@Z677VB!)?*/+%#$*##%;%/$! .! H$H! %/02=&.GH! K.&! -%! /*+%.=! $&'#!3.*,-%! >%#! $.=J! >?*/$H&[$!:! -%#! $.=J! >?*/$H&[$! &H%-#!`02&&*GH#!>%!-?*/3-.$*2/a!H$.*%/$!;[;%!/HG.$*3#!S!0%$$%!HK2E=%B!)?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!%#K.G/2-%!.!HG.-%;%/$!H$H! 3.+2&*#H%! K.&! -.! &%-.$*+%! ,2//%! $%/=%! >%#!*/>=#$&*%#!.+.-#!U=#E=?%/!677LB!!!1/3*/R! -%! (")V% *4.;21+01+"(.1;% *)% 0"0.$+% +$2<2-,! %#$!$&'#!H-%+H!%/!1#K.G/%!:! *-!%#$!>%!LPh!>%K=*#!677@B!).!

3.,&*0.$*2/!>%!Kf$%!+*%&G%!#%! 3.*$!%/!1#K.G/%!S!K.&$*&!>%!K*/!%$!>?%=0.-TK$=#B!!)%!K&23*-!F%=&$H!>%!-.!K&2>=0$*2/!%#K.G/2-%!>%!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%! `32&$%! F.=##%! U=#E=?%/! 677LR! ,.*##%!%/#=*$%R! 03! G&.KF*E=%! 0*Z>%##=#a! #?%JK-*E=%! K.&! -%#!+.&*.$*2/#!>%!-.!>%;./>%!*/$H&*%=&%!:!• z=#E=?%/! 677LR! -.! 0&2*##./0%! >%! -?*;K&*;%&*%! .!

H$H! 32&$%! `-.! 3.*,-%##%! >%#! $.=J! >?*/$H&[$! .!HG.-%;%/$! 02/$&*,=H! .=! #=00'#! >=! #%0$%=&! >%!-?*;K&*;%&*%aB!!

• ).! &H0%##*2/! .! */+%&#H! 0%! ;2=+%;%/$B! )%!;.&0FH!*/$H&*%=&!#?%#$!%332/>&HB!!

!^.*#!-?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!%#K.G/2-%!&%#$%!&%/$.,-%!%$!02/$*/=%!>%!G.G/%&!>%#!K.&$#!>%!;.&0FH!:! -%!K.T#!%#$!>%+%/=! %J0H>%/$.*&%! K2=&! -%! K.K*%&Z0.&$2/! %/! 6786B!

!%!M$%!1+()#"-%%)%! D2&$=G.-! %JK2&$%! %##%/$*%--%;%/$! >=! 0"0.$+% 01)+%.30+$//.1;S,2+.()+$B!Y?%#$!#=&!0%!#%G;%/$!E=%!#.!K.&$!>%! ;.&0FH! .! .=G;%/$H! #=&! -%! ;.&0FH! 3&./d.*#! 0%#!>%&/*'&%#!.//H%#B!!)%! D2&$=G.-! K&H#%/$%! =/%! #*;*-*$=>%! .+%0! -?1#K.G/%!:!-%#! .;?$/(.//$3$;(/!>=!#%0$%=&!K.K%$*%&!2/$!H$H!32&$#!.=! 02=&#! >%! -.! >H0%//*%! 6777B! 1/! &%+./0F%R! -.!>%;./>%! /.$*2/.-%! >%! K.K*%&#! G&.KF*E=%#! /%!K&H#%/$%!K.#!-.!;[;%!&H#*#$./0%!E=?%/!1#K.G/%B!!1/3*/R! -%! D2&$=G.-! K&2>=*$! %$! %JK2&$%! >%! -.! Kf$%! S!K.K*%&! 3.,&*E=H%! %##%/$*%--%;%/$! S! K.&$*&!>?$)2"-<0()/B! )%! K.K*%&! %$! -%! 0.&$2/! K&2>=*$#! .=!

D2&$=G.-! -%! #2/$!%##%/$*%--%;%/$!S!,.#%!>?%=0.-TK$=#!`@8h!%/!677MaR!#=*+*!K.&!-%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!`68ha!%$!-%#!.=$&%#!%##%/0%#!`8LhaB!!).! $&'#! 32&$%! 0&2*##./0%! >%! -.! K&2>=0$*2/! K2&$=G.*#%!>%! K.K*%&! G&.KF*E=%! %/! 6787! #?%JK-*E=%! K.&! -.% 3./$%$;% 51;2(.1;;$3$;(% *4);$% ;1)?$--$% )/.;$% `G&2=K%!D2&$=0%-!W2K2&0%-R!#*$%!>%!W%$Å,.-aB!!).! 3H>H&.$*2/! K2&$=G.*#%! >%! -?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%!`Y1)D"a! .! -./0H! &H0%;;%/$! =/%! 0.;K.G/%! >%!02;;=/*0.$*2/! .T./$! K2=&! .J%! -%! &_-%! U2=H! K.&!-?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!>./#!-.!&%32&%#$.$*2/!>=!K.T#B%

%

! !

Page 31: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%:&!!

\8L:]% 49-==->'(&5-*#6'("@>5'A'7$&6B'#+'$&5%#-'$2-1'C'/":-+'>-$/-'!<%=J! $%/>./0%#! #%! >%##*/%/$! .=U2=&>?F=*! %$! +2/$!#?.;K-*3*%&!>./#!-%#!>*J!./#!S!+%/*&!:!!

!!!! )?%##2&!>%!;1)?$")V%)/"#$/%01)+%-$%J1./!`,2*#ZH/%&G*%R! ,2*#! 02;;%! #=,#$*$=$! >%#! ;.$*'&%#!K-.#$*E=%#R!/2=+%.=J!=#.G%#!>./#!-%!ctDa!j!!

!!!! ).! 31;(,$% $;% 0).//";2$% *)% +$2<2-"#$% *)%0"0.$+R! >./#! -%#! K.T#! >H+%-2KKH#! ;.*#! .=##*!>./#!-%#!K.T#!H;%&G%/$#B!!

Y%#!>%=J!$%/>./0%#!2/$!K2=&!02/#HE=%/0%!$FH2&*E=%!-%!+$2)-% *$% -4)/"#$% *)% J1./% 01)+% 5"J+.A)$+% *$% -"% 0q($%?.$+#$! `%/0.>&H#! 6! %$! 9aB! )?%##2&! >%! /2=+%.=J! =#.G%#!K2=&!-%!,2*#!>2*$!3.*&%!;2/$%&!#2/!02=&#B!<./#!-%!;[;%!$%;K#R! -.!;2/$H%!%/!K=*##./0%!>=!&%0T0-.G%!>=!K.K*%&!>2*$! #%! $&.>=*&%! K.&! =/%! 233&%! >%! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! K-=#!.,2/>./$%R!>2/0!=/%!,.*##%!>%#!K&*J!%$!=/%!*/0*$.$*2/!S!02/+%&$*&! -%#! =#*/%#! E=*! =$*-*#%/$! >%! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%R! %/!=#*/%#! K&2>=*#./$! S! ,.#%! >%! +*%=J! K.K*%&#B! )%! ,2*#R!>%+%/=! K-=#! 0F%&! >./#! -%! ;[;%! $%;K#R! 0%##%! >?[$&%!02;KH$*$*3B!!!<./#! 0%! #0FH;.R! -%#! %/$&%K&*#%#! E=*! 02/$*/=%/$! >%!K&2>=*&%! >%! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%! #2/$! 02/3&2/$H%#!#*;=-$./H;%/$!S!=/%!,.*##%! $%/>./0*%--%!>%#!02=&#!>%!-.! Kf$%! %$! =/%! F.=##%! >%#! 025$#! >?.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$!`%/!,2*#aB!)%#!0+.V%*$%?$;($%*$%-"%0q($%?.$+#$%J".//$;(%/1)/%-4$55$(%*$%-"%21;2)++$;2$%*$%-"%0q($%+$2<2-,$N%3"./%*";/% -$% 3`3$% ($30/N% -$/% 217(/% *$% 0+1*)2(.1;% *$% -"%0q($% ?.$+#$% ")#3$;($;(% 4! 0%#! K.K%$*%&#! #2/$! >2/0!02/3&2/$H#!S!=/!$55$(%2./$")V%217(/S0+.VL%!<./#!-%#!%/0.>&H#!6!%$!9R!K2=&!0-.&*3*%&!-%#!KFH/2;'/%#!>%!3*J.$*2/!>%#!K&*J!%$!>%!#=,#$*$=$*2/!>?=/!K&2>=*$!S!=/!.=$&%R! /2=#! 02/#*>H&2/#! E=.$&%! ;.&0FH#!:! -%! ,2*#R! -%#!+*%=J! K.K*%&#R! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%R! -.! Kf$%! &%0T0-H%B! 1/!K&.$*E=%R! -.! 3.,&*0.$*2/! >%! Kf$%! &%0T0-H%! %#$! */$HG&H%B!1--%! /?%#$! E=%! &.&%;%/$! H0F./GH%B! ^.*#! 0%$$%!&%K&H#%/$.$*2/! $FH2&*E=%! K%=$! $2=$! >%!;[;%! &%3-H$%&!-%#!.&,*$&.G%#!&H.-*#H#!K.&!-%#!K.K%$*%&#B!!!e-!3.=$!/2$%&!E=?%/!$FH2&*%R!-%#!K&*J!>%!-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%!%$!0%--%! >%! -.! Kf$%! &%0T0-H%! 3*/*##%/$! $2=U2=&#! K.&!02/+%&G%&R!0%#!K&2>=*$#!H$./$!#=,#$*$=.,-%#R!;.*#!E=?.=!$%&;%! >%! -?.U=#$%;%/$R! -%#! E=./$*$H#! H0F./GH%#! 2/$!

,%.=02=K! ,.*##HR! K2=&! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%R! %$! ,%.=02=K!.=G;%/$HR!K2=&!-.!Kf$%!&%0T0-H%B!!!Y%! #0H/.&*2! %#$! =/! #0H/.&*2! >%! \!>%#$&=0$*2/!0&H.$&*0%!]!:! -.! 3.,&*0.$*2/! S! ,.#%! >%! Kf$%! +*%&G%!>*#K.&.b$! K&2G&%##*+%;%/$! %$! %#$! &%;K-.0H%! K.&! -.!3.,&*0.$*2/!S!,.#%!>%!Kf$%!&%0T0-H%B!!!f";/% -"% 0+"(.A)$N% -$/% "b)/($3$;(/% /1;(% +"-$;(./%t% -"%*$3";*$% 0+,/$;($% );$% 2$+(".;$% .;$+(.$N% 0.&! K2=&!;2>*3*%&! -%!;2>%! >?.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$! >?=/%! =#*/%R! *-!%#$! /H0%##.*&%! >%! 0F./G%&! -?2=$*-! >%! K&2>=0$*2/! %$! >%!&H.-*#%&!>%#!.;?$/(.//$3$;(/%(+@/%217($)VL!!1/! 2=$&%R! -4$//1+% *$% -"% 5"J+.2"(.1;% *$% 0q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d2/! [$&%! K&*#%! %/! 02;K$%! >./#! -.!;%#=&%! 2kR!>./#! -?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%R! -%#! */+%#$*##%;%/$#! #2/$!025$%=J! %$! >2*+%/$! [$&%! .;2&$*#! #=&! >%! -2/G=%#!KH&*2>%#B!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6N!W2=&0%!:!Y%/$&2!>%! e//2+.0*Ç/!T!W%&+*0*2#!t%0/2-ÇG*02#!>%!-.!^.>%&.!>%!x.-*0*.!`YeWZ^.>%&.aB!

Page 32: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%:9!!

1/0.>&H!6B! %M$/%$55$(/%*4);$%")#3$;("(.1;%*$/%21)+/%*)%J1./%%

)?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!*/$%&+*%/$!#=&!A)"(+$%3"+2C,/%.;($+*,0$;*";(/!:!0%-=*!>=!,2*#R!0%-=*!>%!-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%R!0%-=*!>%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!%$! 0%-=*! >%! -.!Kf$%! &%0T0-H%B! W=&! 0F.0=/!>%! 0%#!;.&0FH#! U2=%! -.! -2*! >%! -?233&%! %$!>%! -.! >%;./>%B! )%#! 02=&,%#!>%!>%;./>%! 32/$!02&&%#K2/>&%!-%#!E=./$*$H#!E=%!-%#!.0F%$%=&#!#2/$!K&[$#!S!.0E=H&*&!K2=&!=/!K&*J!>2//HR!-%#!02=&,%#!>?233&%R!-%#!E=./$*$H#!E=%!-%#!+%/>%=&#! #2/$! K&[$#! S!;%$$&%! #=&! -%!;.&0FH! K2=&! =/! K&*J! >2//HB! 1--%#! #%! &%/02/$&%/$! %/! =/! K2*/$! >2//H! E=*! 02&&%#K2/>! S! -.!E=./$*$H!%$!.=!K&*J!.=JE=%-#!#%!3.*$!-?H0F./G%B!

r)$%/$%0"//$S(S.-%/.%-"%*$3";*$%*$%J1./%7"#$'.9*#>$-5'#5*,-5'%#-'1-'7*7&-$%")#3$;($%s!!!

!!

8B <./#! /2$&%! K&%;*%&! 0.>&./! 0*Z>%##2=#R! -.! 02=&,%! >%! >%;./>%! #%! >HK-.0%! +%&#! -.! >&2*$%!:! -%#! E=./$*$H#! H0F./GH%#!.=G;%/$%/$!`>%!O!%/!O?a!%$!-%#!K&*J!.=##*B!)%#!02=&#!>=!,2*#!G&*;K%/$B!!

6B X2=#!K.##2/#!.=!0.>&./!6R!0?%#$ZSZ>*&%!.=!;.&0FH!>%!-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%B!)%!K&*J!>%#!3.0$%=&#!>%!K&2>=0$*2/!`-%!,2*#a!.!.=G;%/$HB!).!02=&,%!>?233&%!#%!>HK-.0%!+%&#!-.!G.=0F%!`-%#!+%/>%=&#!%J*G%/$!=/!K&*J!K-=#!H-%+H!K2=&!-.!;[;%!E=./$*$HaB!)%#!E=./$*$H#!>%!Kf$%!+*%&G%!H0F./GH%#!,.*##%/$!%$!-%#!K&*J!.=G;%/$%/$B!!

9B O=%-! *;K.0$! 0%-.!.Z$Z*-! #=&! -%!;.&0FH!>%! -.!Kf$%!&%0T0-H%!I!)%!K&*J!>?=/!K&2>=*$!#=,#$*$=.,-%! `-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%a!.!.=G;%/$HR!>2/0!-.!>%;./>%!#%!&%K2&$%!#=&!-.!Kf$%!&%0T0-H%B!!)%#!E=./$*$H#!H0F./GH%#!.=G;%/$%/$!%$!-%#!K&*J!.=##*B!!!

NB Y%$$%! .=G;%/$.$*2/! >%! -.! >%;./>%! #%! &HK%&0=$%! #=&! -%! ;.&0FH! >%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#R! 2k! K&*J! %$! E=./$*$H#! .=G;%/$%/$!HG.-%;%/$B!!!

!!

!

!

Page 33: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%:8!!

1/0.>&H!9B! %M$/%$55$(/%*4);$%")#3$;("(.1;%*$%-4155+$%*$%?.$)V%0"0.$+/%

!r)$%/$%0"//$S(S.-% /.% -$/%?1-)3$/%*$%?.$)V%0"0.$+/%21--$2(,/%")0+@/%*$/%3,;"#$/%$(%*$/%$;(+$0+./$/%21;;".//$;(%);$%51+($%C")//$%s%

!!!!! X2=#! K.&$2/#! >=! 0.>&./! >%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#!:! -?233&%! .=G;%/$%R! -.! 02=&,%! >?233&%! #%! >HK-.0%! +%&#! -.! >&2*$%B! )%#! K&*J!

,.*##%/$!;.*#!-%#!E=./$*$H#!H02=-H%#!.=G;%/$%/$B!!

!!!! O=%-!*;K.0$!0%-.!.Z$Z*-!#=&!-%!;.&0FH!>%!-.!Kf$%!&%0T0-H%!I!)%!025$!>%#!3.0$%=&#!>%!K&2>=0$*2/!,.*##%B!).!02=&,%!>?233&%!#%! >HK-.0%! +%&#! -.! >&2*$%! `-%#! K.K%$*%&#! 233&%/$! >.+./$.G%! >%! Kf$%! K2=&! -%! ;[;%! K&*JaB! )%#! E=./$*$H#! +%/>=%#!.=G;%/$%/$!%$!-%#!K&*J!,.*##%/$B!!

!

!!!! 1/!02/#HE=%/0%R!-.!>%;./>%!>%!Kf$%!+*%&G%!>*;*/=%!`-.!02=&,%!>%!>%;./>%!#%!>HK-.0%!+%&#!-.!G.=0F%!>./#!-%!0.>&./!>%!-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%aB!)%#!K&*J!,.*##%/$!%$!-%#!E=./$*$H#!.=##*B!!

!!!! ^.*#!#*!-.!>%;./>%!>%!,2*#!/?%#$!K.#!%##%/$*%--%;%/$!-%!3.*$!>%!-?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!`%$!0?%#$!>%+%/=!-%!0.#!.+%0!-?%##2&!>%#! .=$&%#!=#.G%#!>=!,2*#aR! .-2&#! -.!,.*##%!>%! -.!>%;./>%!>%!Kf$%!/?.!E=%!K%=!>?%33%$! #=&! -%!;.&0FH!>=!,2*#! :! %--%!;*/2&%! =/! K%=! -.! >%;./>%! `0.>&./! c2*#! >%! -?%/0.>&H! 9a! ;.*#! 0%--%Z0*! %#$! >%! $2=$%! 3.d2/! %/! .=G;%/$.$*2/! K2=&!>?.=$&%#! &.*#2/#! `0.>&./! c2*#! >%! -?%/0.>&H! 6aB! <'#! -2&#R! -%#! K.K%$*%&#! E=*! =$*-*#%/$! >%! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%! #%! $&2=+%/$!02/3&2/$H#!#*;=-$./H;%/$!S!=/%!,.*##%!>%!-%=&!K&*J!>%!+%/$%!%$!S!=/%!F.=##%!>%!-%=&!025$!>%!&%+*%/$B!).!02=&,%!>?233&%!%$!-.!02=&,%!>%!>%;./>%!>%!Kf$%!+*%&G%!#%!>HK-.0%/$!$2=$%#!-%#!>%=J!+%&#!-.!G.=0F%R!%$!-%#!E=./$*$H#!+%/>=%#!,.*##%/$!02/#*>H&.,-%;%/$!`%/!$FH2&*%!#*!-?233&%!>%!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!02/$*/=%!S!.=G;%/$%&R!>%!;[;%!E=%!-.!>%;./>%!>%!,2*#R!-.!E=./$*$H!>%!Kf$%!+*%&G%!H02=-H%!3*/*$!K.&![$&%!HG.-%!S!lH&2aB!

!

!!

!

Page 34: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%::!!

!

\:L9]% 4-5'.&==2$-+>-5'=*(->>-5'.#'/".01-'(&$(#1*&$-'!

M$%0"//"#$%B%);%31*$%*$%0+1*)2(.1;% 2.+2)-".+$% "%*$%3)-(.0-$/% .30-.2"(.1;/%01)+% -"% 5.-.@+$%0"0.$+/L% M$% +$2<2-"#$%$/(%-4,?1-)(.1;%-"%0-)/%?./.J-$N%3"./%2$%;4$/(%0"/%-"%/$)-$L%"+./$!>%!&%+%/*&!.=!#0FH;.!0*&0=-.*&%!K&H#%/$H!%/!K&%;*'&%!K.&$*%R!*-!/2=#!3.=$!.+2*&!%/!$[$%!-%#!/0,2.5.2.(,/%*$%-"%5.-.@+$L!%

!

!

!!

Q;$%5.-.@+$%A).%$V0-1.($%);$%+$//1)+2$%+$;1)?$-"J-$N%-$%J1./%%!D&%;*'&%! #KH0*3*0*$HR! -.! K&*/0*K.-%! ;.$*'&%! K&%;*'&%!=$*-*#H%!K.&! -.! 3*-*'&%!%#$! -$%J1./L%i&R!/2/! #%=-%;%/$! -%!,2*#! %#$! =/%! ;.$*'&%! &%/2=+%-.,-%R! ;.*#! -.! 32&[$!3&./d.*#%! %#$! -2*/! >?[$&%! #=&%JK-2*$H%6PB! )?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%! 3&./d.*#%! =$*-*#%! >?.*--%=&#! #=&$2=$! >=! \!,2*#!>?H0-.*&0*%]R! 0?%#$ZSZ>*&%! >=! ,2*#! *##=! >%! -.! $.*--%! %$! >%!-?%/$&%$*%/!>%!-.!32&[$R!%$!>%#!0F=$%#!>%!#0*%&*%B!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6P! )%#! %J$&.0$*2/#! $2$.-%#! >%! -.! 32&[$! 3&./d.*#%! #2/$!.0$=%--%;%/$! */3H&*%=&%#! S! #.! 0&2*##./0%!:! -.! 32&[$! +*%*--*$R! 0%!E=*! /?%#$! K.#! #2=F.*$.,-%! 0.&! %--%! #$20q%! ;2*/#! ,*%/! -%!0.&,2/%B!

1#$Z*-! K2=&! .=$./$% /)0$+5-)% *4,21;13./$+% 2$(($%+$//1)+2$%I!X2/R!K2=&!K-=#*%=&#!&.*#2/#!:!!

" t&./#32&;%&! -%!,2*#!%/!Kf$%! S!K.K*%&! +$A).$+(%*$%-4,;$+#.$N% *$/% .;(+";(/% 2C.3.A)$/N% *$% -4$")% 4! %$!0%-.! %/! K-=#! G&./>%! E=./$*$H! E=%! -2&#E=%! -?2/!3.,&*E=%! -.! Kf$%! S! K.&$*&! >%! +*%=J! K.K*%&#B! ! ).!K&2>=0$*2/! >%! K.K*%&! &%0T0-H! /H0%##*$%! $&2*#! 32*#!;2*/#! >?H/%&G*%R! $&2*#! 32*#! ;2*/#! >?%.=! %$! H;%$!U=#E=?S!97h!>%!Yi6!>%!;2*/#!E=%!-.!K&2>=0$*2/!>%!K.K*%&! S! ,.#%! >%! ,2*#6@B! i&R! *-! %#$! /H0%##.*&%! >%!;*/*;*#%&! -?=$*-*#.$*2/! >%! 0%#! &%##2=&0%#R! #=&$2=$!$./$! E=%! -?H/%&G*%! %$! -%#! K&2>=*$#! 0F*;*E=%#!K&2+*%//%/$! %/02&%! -.&G%;%/$! >%! ;.$*'&%#!K&%;*'&%#!32##*-%#B!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6@!W2=&0%!:!10232-*2!

!"+(.$%:%

M"%5.-.@+$%0"0.$+/%$;%31*$%2.+2)-".+$%!

Page 35: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%:U!!

" D-=#! >%! -.! 31.(.,% *$% -"% 0q($% ?.$+#$! =$*-*#H%!K2=&! 3.,&*E=%&! >=! K.K*%&! G&.KF*E=%! /?%#$! K.#!*##=%! >%#! 32&[$#! 3&./d.*#%#R! 0.&! %--%! %#$!.301+(,$6VB! )%#! %#K'0%#! S! 0&2*##./0%! &.K*>%R!02;;%!-?%=0.-TK$=#R!K&H#%/$%/$!=/%!;%*--%=&%!&%/$.,*-*$H! E=%! -%#! %#K'0%#! 3&./d.*#%#B! i&R!-?%;K&%*/$%! H02-2G*E=%! >%! -.! Kf$%! *;K2&$H%!%#$! ;2*/#! ,2//%! E=%! 0%--%! >%! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%!3.,&*E=H%! %/! g&./0%R! /%! #%&.*$Z0%! E=%! >=! 3.*$!>%! #2/! $&./#K2&$B! 66h! >%! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%!02/#2;;H%!%/!g&./0%!+*%/$!>=!c&H#*-B!!

D.&! .*--%=&#R! S!;2T%/Z-2/G! $%&;%R! -.!>%;./>%!>%!,2*#!K2=&! >?.=$&%#! =#.G%#! E=%! -.! 3.,&*0.$*2/! >%! K.K*%&!>%+&.*$! .=G;%/$%&B! ).! &.&H3.0$*2/! >%#! &%##2=&0%#!32##*-%#!+.!>2//%&!.=!,2*#!%$!.=J!;.$*'&%#!+HGH$.-%#!%/!GH/H&.-! =/! &_-%! /2=+%.=! >./#! >*33H&%/$#! >2;.*/%#R!.=$./$! .-2&#! 02/#%&+%&! -.! &%##2=&0%! K2=&! 0%#! =#.G%#R!>?.=$./$!E=%!-%#!21)+/%*)%J1./! &%/>&2/$! -.!Kf$%!+*%&G%!;2*/#! 02;KH$*$*+%! E=%! -.! Kf$%! &%0T0-H%! `+2*&! #=&! 0%!K2*/$!-.!K.&$*%!eeR!K2*/$!6B9aB!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!

W2=&0%!:!"#$%&'#!>?.K&'#!Y2K.0%-!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6V!W2=&0%!:!10232-*2!6787!

!!

<?=/!K2*/$!>%!+=%!8(.4.+*9&"R!-%!;%*--%=&!0F2*J!%#$!0%-=*!>%! -.! Kf$%! &%0T0-H%! 3.,&*E=H%! %/! g&./0%! S! K.&$*&! >%!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!3&./d.*#!4!-%#!H;*##*2/#!-*H%#!.=!$&./#K2&$!#2/$!.-2&#!-%#!K-=#!3.*,-%#B!!!

!!<?=/! K2*/$! >%! +=%! 8(.%.#*9&"R! -%! 0F2*J! -%! K-=#!&.$*2//%-!K2=&!-%#!K.K%$*%&#!%#$!0%-=*!>%!-.!Kf$%!&%0T0-H%!`E=?%--%!#2*$!3.,&*E=H%!%/!g&./0%!2=!/2/R!.+%0!>%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#! 3&./d.*#! 2=! /2/a! %/! &.*#2/! >%! -?%33%$! 0*#%.=J!;%/$*2//H! %/!K.&$*%! ee! Z! %$!;[;%! #*! S! 02=&$Z$%&;%R! -.!Kf$%!S!,.#%!>?%=0.-TK$=#!K%=$!#?.+H&%&!02;KH$*$*+%B!

!!!!!

h+.#.;$%*$%-"%0q($%B%0"0.$+%?.$+#$%)(.-./,$%0"+%-4.;*)/(+.$%0"0$(.@+$%5+";O"./$%c0"0.$+%$(%2"+(1;d%

!!!!!!!!!

!

!

7h

87h

67h

97h

N7h

P7h

l+";2$ 63,+.A)$%-"(.;$

K2";*.;"?.$ ')+10$%*)%K)*

6)(+$/%0"</%*u')+10$

63,+.A)$%*)%E1+*

6/.$

6778 6788

Page 36: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%:W!!

M$/%0"0.$+/%#+"0C.A)$/N%*$/%0+1*).(/%B%*)+,$%*$%?.$%+,*).($%!

"=$&%!#KH0*3*0*$HR! -.!3*-*'&%!>=!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%!K&2>=*$%>%#!J.$;/%*1;(% -$% 2<2-$%*$% ?.$% $/(N% 0"+%;"()+$N%0-)(k(%21)+(B! z2=&/.=JR! ;.G.l*/%#R! K.K*%&#! ,=&%.=$*E=%#! %$!%/+%-2KK%#! 2/$! =/%! >=&H%! >%! +*%! -*;*$H%B! Y%&$%#R! -%!K.K*%&! .! .=##*! =/%! 32/0$*2/! >?.&0F*+.G%! %$! >%!02/#%&+.$*2/B!^.*#! 0%$$%! 32/0$*2/!.!K-=$_$! $%/>./0%!S!

#?.;%/=*#%&!.+%0! -.!/=;H&*#.$*2/B!O=./$!.=J! -*+&%#R!0%!#2/$!>%#!,*%/#!S!-.!>=&.,*-*$H!$&'#!+.&*.,-%R!;.*#!>2/$!-.!>=&H%! >%! +*%! #?%#$! K-=$_$! &H>=*$%! .=! 02=&#! >%#! $&%/$%!>%&/*'&%#! .//H%#B! Y%! 0.&.0$'&%! K%=! >=&.,-%! %JK-*E=%!E=%! 0%&$.*/#! >%#! .#K%0$#! >%! -?H02/2;*%! 0*&0=-.*&%! `-.!&HK.&.$*2/R!-.!&H=$*-*#.$*2/a!#2*%/$!#./#!2,U%$B!

!!

!+.;2.0$/%*$%-4,21;13.$%2.+2)-".+$%600-.2"J.-.(,%B%-"%5.-.@+$%*)%0"0.$+%

#+"0C.A)$%

62($)+/%.30-.A),/%

8B )%!K&2>=*$!%#$!,2121;O)%01)+%21;/133$+%31.;/!>%!&%##2=&0%#! 2=*! D.K%$*%&#R!*;K&*;%=&#!

6B ).!5"J+.2"(.1;%,21;13./$%-$/%+$//1)+2$/! 2=*! D.K%$*%&#R!*;K&*;%=&#!

9B )%!02/#2;;.$%=&!%#$!*/32&;H!#=&!-4$30+$.;($%,21-1#.A)$!>%#!K&2>=*$#! 2=*!

e;K&*;%=&#R!H>*$%=&#R!3.,&*0./$#R!

02/#2;;.$%=&#!

NB )|=#.G%!>=!K&2>=*$!%#$!.--2/GH! 2=*R!%/!K.&$*%! Y2/#2;;.$%=&#!

PB )%!K&2>=*$!%#$!+%/>=!>|200.#*2/R!-2=HR!%;K&=/$H! 2=*R!%/!K.&$*%! Y2/#2;;.$%=&#!

@B )%!K&2>=*$!%#$!&HK.&H! /2/! Z!

VB )%#!02;K2#./$#!#2/$!&H=$*-*#H#! /2/! Z!

LB )%!K&2>=*$!%#$!+$2<2-,%")%/$.;%*$%/1;%/$2($)+! 2=*! nH0=KH&.$%=&#!K.K%$*%&#!

L,*#B!)%!K&2>=*$!%#$!+$2<2-,%$(%2C";#$%*$%/$2($)+! 2=*!nH0=KH&.$%=&#R!.0$%=&#!>?.=$&%#!

#%0$%=&#!

MB )%!K&2>=*$!%#$!,2121;O)%01)+%10(.3./$+%-$%+$2<2-"#$! 2=*!D.K%$*%&#R!*;K&*;%=&#!`%/0&%#a!

87B W*!-%!K&2>=*$!/%!K%=$!K.#![$&%!&%0T0-HR!*-!%#$!?"-1+./,%,;$+#,(.A)$3$;(! 2=*! D.K%$*%&#!

88B e-!3.=$!+%*--%&!S!&%$.&>%&!-.!*,0+,2."(.1;%*$%-"%3"(.@+$! 2=*!

"0$%=&#!>%!-.!02--%0$%!

`02--%0$*+*$HR!&H0=KH&.$%=&#a!

!

! !

Page 37: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%:X!!

!

9L )?,2121;2$0(.1;% U2=%! =/! &_-%! ;.U%=&! >./#! -.!3*-*'&%!:! %--%! >2*$! K%&;%$$&%! >?H02/2;*#%&! -%#!&%##2=&0%#! %$! >?2K$*;*#%&! -%! &%0T0-.G%B! <'#! -.!3.,&*0.$*2/!>=!K.K*%&!%$! #.! $&./#32&;.$*2/! `%$!#=&$2=$!-2&#!>%!-?*;K&%##*2/aR!*-!3.=$!0F%&0F%&!S!5"2.-.($+% /1;% 5)()+% +$2<2-"#$B! e-! #?.G*$!/2$.;;%/$! >%! &H3-H0F*&! .=! 0F2*J! >%#! %/0&%#!%/!32/0$*2/!>=!>%G&H!>%!>*33*0=-$H!S!>H#%/0&%&R!.=! 0F2*J! >%#! 02--%#BBB! )?H0202/0%K$*2/! K%=$!02/#*#$%&! .=##*! S! K&2;2=+2*&R! 2=$&%! -%#!K&2>=*$#! #$./>.&>#R! >%#! G&.;;.G%#! K-=#!3.*,-%#! 2=! >%#! K&2>=*$#! K&H#%/$./$! =/! >%G&H!;2*/#!H-%+H!>%!,-./0F%=&B!

!

!

8L )%! +k-$% *)% 21;/133"($)+! %#$! =/! K%=! K-=#!-*;*$H! E=%! >./#! >?.=$&%#! #%0$%=&#!j! >%! 3.d2/!GH/H&.-%R!-%!02/#2;;.$%=&!K%=$!U2=%&!=/!&_-%!>%!>%=J!3.d2/#!:!K.&!#%#!0F2*J! -1+/%*$%-4"2C"(N!K=*#!K.&%-4)/"#$!E=?*-!3.*$!>=!K&2>=*$B!!!

!!!! )2&#E=?*-! .0F'$%! >=! K.K*%&R! -%!02/#2;;.$%=&! K%=$! K&%/>&%! %/!02;K$%! -?%;K&%*/$%! H02-2G*E=%! >%#!K&2>=*$#R!-%=&!0.&.0$'&%!K-=#!2=!;2*/#!.*#H;%/$! &%0T0-.,-%B! e-! K%=$! .=##*!.0F%$%&! >%#! -*+&%#! >%! E=.-*$H! K-=$_$!E=%!>%#!-*+&%#!E=*!#?.,b;%&2/$!+*$%B!!

!!!!! 1/!0%!E=*!02/0%&/%!-?=#.G%!E=*!%#$!3.*$!

>%#! K&2>=*$#R! -?*>H%! >?.--2/G%&! -.!>=&H%! >?=$*-*#.$*2/! >=! K.K*%&! .! .##%l!K%=! >%! K2&$H%B! )%! 02/#2;;.$%=&!K%=$!$2=$!>%!;[;%!.--2/G%&! -.!>=&H%!>%! +*%! >%#! K&2>=*$#! %/!;2>*3*./$! #%#!F.,*$=>%#! >?=$*-*#.$*2/R! >?*;K&%##*2/!`=#.G%! >=! K.K*%&! &%0$2Z+%&#2aB! D2=&!3.+2&*#%&! -?=$*-*#.$*2/! >?=/! ;[;%!K&2>=*$! K.&! K-=#*%=&#! =$*-*#.$%=&#R!.=$&%! K&*/0*K%! >%! -?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%R! -%! 02/#2;;.$%=&! K%=$!

%;K&=/$%&!%/!,*,-*2$F'E=%!%$!+%/>&%!#%#!-*+&%#!>?200.#*2/B!

!

:L )%#! K&2,-H;.$*E=%#! >%! +,0"+"(.1;% 1)% *$'$-/*+#=*(>#$&+,% #2/$! #./#! 2,U%$! K2=&! -%!K.K*%&! G&.KF*E=%! `>./#! 0%$$%! */>=#$&*%! $&'#!0.K*$.-*#$*E=%R! %--%#! 2/$! 0%K%/>./$! -%=&!K%&$*/%/0%!K2=&! -%#!#$(:*%"/,=$*-*#H%#!K.&! -%#!K.K%$*%&#!%$!-%#!*;K&*;%&*%#aB!

!

UL <./#! -?*/>=#$&*%! >=! K.K*%&R! -.! E=%#$*2/! >%!-?,21;13.$% *$/% +$//1)+2$/% `K2*/$! 6a! %#$! %/!&%+./0F%! 0&=0*.-%R! 0.&! -%! K&20%##=#! >%!K&2>=0$*2/!%J*G%!,%.=02=K!>?%.=!%$!>?H/%&G*%B!!

!

WL 1/3*/R!-%#!K&*/0*K%#!&%0%/#H#!0*Z>%##=#!`LR!L!,*#R!Ma! &H+'-%/$! -%#! *.55,+$;($/% 5"2$(($/% *)%+$2<2-"#$!:!!! Y2;;%! */>*E=H! K-=#! F.=$R! -%! &%0T0-.G%!

>2*$! [$&%! =/%! K&H200=K.$*2/! >'#! -.!02/0%K$*2/! %$! -.! $&./#32&;.$*2/! >=!K&2>=*$B!!

! 1/#=*$%R!-%!&%0T0-.G%!K%=$!.;%/%&!-.!3*,&%!+%&#! >4")(+$/% /$2($)+/% `-%! ,f$*;%/$! K.&!%J%;K-%R! -%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! H$./$!$&./#32&;H#!%/!;.$H&*.=J!>?*#2-.$*2/aB!!

! 1/3*/R!-%!&%0T0-.G%!>2*$!+%*--%&!S!,?.($+%-$/%*,0$+*.(.1;/% >%! ;.$*'&%#! %$! >?H/%&G*%!:!$2=#! -%#! K.K*%&#! /?2/$! K.#! -.! ;[;%!E=.-*$HB! n%0T0-%&! >=! K.K*%&! G&.KF*E=%!,-./0R! E=*! .! H$H! ,-./0F*! S! G&./>! &%/32&$!>?.>>*$*3#! %$! >?H/%&G*%R! %/! 0.&$2/R!02/#$*$=%! =/%! >HK%&>*$*2/B! X2=#! %/!+%&&2/#! -%#! 02/#HE=%/0%#! #=&! -.! 02--%0$%!>%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#B!!

!!

!

Page 38: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%:Y!!

\:L8]% 4*'("+5"//*>&"+'.9-*#'->'.92+-$,&-'!

)?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%! %#$! =/%! */>=#$&*%! */$%/#*+%! %/!H/%&G*%B! ).! F.=##%! >%#! 02=&#! .! >2/0! $2=$!K.&$*0=-*'&%;%/$! */0*$H! -%#! */>=#$&*%-#! >=! #%0$%=&! S!&H>=*&%! -%=&! 02/#2;;.$*2/B! ).! 3*-*'&%! .! H$H! K*2//*'&%!>./#!-4)(.-./"(.1;%*$/%+,/.*)/%*$%-"%0+1*)2(.1;R!S!K.&$*&!>%#E=%-#! %--%! K&2>=*$! >%! -.! 0F.-%=&! ;.*#! .=##*! >%!-?H-%0$&*0*$H!`02GH/H&.$*2/aB%%%

)?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!3&./d.*#%!%#$!K-=$_$!,*%/!K-.0H%!%/!0%!E=*!02/0%&/%! -?%33*0*%/0%!H/%&GH$*E=%!>%#!K&20%##=#!>%! K&2>=0$*2/B! M4.;($;/.(,% ,;$+#,(.A)$% *$% -"%0+1*)2(.1;%*$%-"%5.-.@+$%c.30+.3$+.$%2130+./$d%"%J".//,%*$% 9W_% $;(+$% 8&&&% $(% 8&9&R! .-2&#! E=?%--%! .! 02/$*/=H!>?.=G;%/$%&!%/!1=&2K%B!)?"--%;.G/%!/%!K.&+*%/$!K-=#!S!&H>=*&%! #%#! 02/#2;;.$*2/#! >%K=*#! K-=#! >%! >*J! ./#!:!-?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%! .--%;./>%! %#$*;%! .+2*&! .$$%*/$!=/%! 5+1;(.@+$% ($2C;1-1#.A)$B! ).! E=%#$*2/! +.! #%! K2#%&!%/!0%#!$%&;%#!%/!g&./0%!>./#! -%#!.//H%#!S!+%/*&R!>?2k!-?*/$H&[$!>%#!K&2U%$#!>%!nÉ<!+*#./$!S!;%$$&%!.=J!K2*/$!>%! /2=+%--%#! $%0F/2-2G*%#! `E=%! 0%#! K&2U%$#! #2*%/$!02--%0$*3#!2=!K&2K&%#!S!=/%!%/$&%K&*#%aB!!D.&!.*--%=&#R! -%!&%0=-!>%!-.!K&2>=0$*2/!%#$!=/!3.0$%=&!>%!;2*/>&%! %33*0.0*$H! H/%&GH$*E=%B! ).! 02/#2;;.$*2/!>?H/%&G*%!K.&!qG!>%!K.K*%&!K&2>=*$!.=G;%/$%!E=./>!-%#!;.0F*/%#!/%!$2=&/%/$!K.#!S!K-%*/!&HG*;%B!!1)+/).?+$%-"%+,*)2(.1;% *$/% 21;/133"(.1;/% *4,;$+#.$% /)001/$% *$%+,/1)*+$% -$/% 0+1J-@3$/% *$% 2130,(.(.?.(,% *$%-4.;*)/(+.$R!K2=&!E=%!-%!$.=J!>?=$*-*#.$*2/!>%#!;.0F*/%#!#2*$!H-%+H!%$!E=%!-%#!*/+%#$*##%;%/$#!#2*%/$!&%/$.,-%#B%

!

%!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

p;($;/.(,%,;$+#,(.A)$%*";/%-4.;*)/(+.$%

%W2=&0%!:!"#$%&'#!>?.K&'#!1=&2#$.$!`02/#2;;.$*2/!H/%&GH$*E=%!3*/.-%!%JK&*;H%!%/!$2//%#!HE=*+.-%/$#!KH$&2-%!&.KK2&$H%!S!-.!K&2>=0$*2/!%/!+2-=;%!4!,.#%!877!%/!8MM7aB!

!

!)%#!21;/133"(.1;/%*4$")!>%! -?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!2/$!HG.-%;%/$! ,%.=02=K! ,.*##HB! ).! E=./$*$H! >?%.=!/H0%##.*&%! K2=&! K&2>=*&%! =/! qG! >%! K.K*%&! %#$! 67! 32*#!K-=#!3.*,-%!.=U2=&>?F=*!E=%!>./#!-%#!.//H%#!P7!%$!>%=J!32*#!K-=#!3.*,-%!E=?.=!>H,=$!>%#!.//H%#!8MM76LB!%

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6L!W2=&0%!:!~<cB!

L7

M7

877

887

867

9aa&

9aa8

9aaU

9aaX

9aaZ

8&&&

8&&8

8&&U

8&&X

8&&Z

8&9&

e/>=#$&*%!>=!K.K*%&!0.&$2/!*;K&*;%&*%!Z g&./0%e/>=#$&*%!>=!K.K*%&!0.&$2/!*;K&*;%&*%!Z 1=&2K%!̀ 1m!6Va1/#%;,-%!>%!-|*/>=#$&*%!Z g&./0%

Page 39: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%:Z!!

%\:L:]% 4-5'-+D-#6'.#'$-(:(1*,-'%

%'3$+#$;2$%*4);%/$2($)+!

!

)%!&%0T0-.G%!%#$!>%+%/=!=/%!02;K2#./$%!S!K.&$!%/$*'&%!>%! -.! 3*-*'&%! K.K*%&#B! 1/! g&./0%R! -.! 02--%0$%! %$! -%! $&*! >=!K.K*%&! %;K-2*%/$! 8:% &&&% 0$+/1;;$/8aB! ).! g&./0%!02;K$%!%/+*&2/!6@7!0%/$&%#!>%!$&*!>%!02--%0$%!#H-%0$*+%!>%#!;H/.G%#! j! -.!;2*$*H! >=! K.&0! %#$! K&*+HR! -?.=$&%! %#$!#2=#! ;.b$&*#%! >?2=+&.G%! K=,-*0! `-.! ;2*$*H! H$./$!%JK-2*$H%! K.&! =/! H$.,-*##%;%/$! K=,-*0R! -?.=$&%! ;2*$*H!>H-HG=H%!S!=/!%JK-2*$./$!K&*+HaB!!

).! K&2G&%##*2/! >%#! %33%0$*3#! >%#! &H0=KH&.$%=&#! %#$!#=KH&*%=&%! S! 0%--%! >=! &H#%.=! 0-.##*E=%! >%! 02--%0$%! %$!>?H-*;*/.$*2/!>%#!>H0F%$#!>%K=*#!677NB!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6MW2=&0%!:!10232-*2B!

).!K.&$!>%!-.!02/#2;;.$*2/!>%!K.K*%&#!E=*!%#$!$&*H%!%$!&%0T0-H%! .! ,%.=02=K! K&2G&%##H! 0%#! >%&/*'&%#! .//H%#B!)%! (")V% *$% +,2)0,+"(.1;% *$/% 0"0.$+/% #+"0C.A)$/! `-%!+2-=;%! >%#! K.K*%&#! &H0=KH&H#! &.KK2&$H#! S! -.!02/#2;;.$*2/a!.!.$$%*/$!NVh97!%/!g&./0%!%/!6786B!D&'#!>?=/! K.K*%&! #=&! >%=J! %#$! >2/0! $&*H! %$! &%0T0-H!.=U2=&>?F=*! %/! g&./0%B! Y%! $.=J! .! K&2G&%##H! >?=/! K%=!K-=#!>?=/!K2*/$!K.&!./!%/$&%!677V!%$!6786B!!Y%! #%0$%=&! U%=/%! >2*$! ;.*/$%/./$! &%-%+%&! =/! 0%&$.*/!/2;,&%!>%!>H3*#R!02;;%:!!

! t&2=+%&!>%#!>H,2=0FH#!%/!g&./0%!!

! D&H#%&+%&!-.!E=.-*$H!>%!-.!;.$*'&%!!

! <%+%/*&!&%/$.,-%!!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!97!W2=&0%!:!10232-*2B!

Page 40: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%:a!!

P+1)?$+%*$/%*,J1)2C,/%$;%l+";2$%!

!

)%#! E=./$*$H#! >%! K.K*%&#! &H0=KH&H%#! %/! g&./0%!K&2G&%##%/$w!.-2&#!E=%! -$/%A)";(.(,/%*$%?.$)V%0"0.$+/%)(.-./,$/%0"+% -4.;*)/(+.$%0"0$(.@+$% /1;(%$;%J".//$B!<'#!-2&#R! K-=#! -%#! +2-=;%#! 02--%0$H#! .=G;%/$%/$R! K-=#! -%#!&H0=KH&.$%=&#! -%#! H02=-%/$! #=&! -%#!;.&0FH#! H$&./G%&#B!W*! -.! K&2G&%##*2/! >=! $.=J! >%! &H0=KH&.$*2/! &%K&H#%/$%!=/%! +H&*$.,-%! &H=##*$%! H02-2G*E=%R! #.! K2&$H%! %#$! $&'#!.;2*/>&*%! K.&! 0%#! %JK2&$.$*2/#R! 0.&! -%! $&./#K2&$! >%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!GH/'&%!>%#!H;*##*2/#!>%!Yi6B!!D2=&E=2*! -%#! +2-=;%#! =$*-*#H#! K.&! -?*/>=#$&*%! ,.*##%/$Z*-#!I! X2=#! -?.+2/#! +=! K&H0H>%;;%/$R! -?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%! 3&./d.*#%! #2=33&%! >?=/! ;./E=%! >%!02;KH$*$*+*$H! %$! K%&>! >%#! K.&$#! >%! ;.&0FH!:! #.!K&2>=0$*2/! &%0=-%B! 1/! 2=$&%R! -%! (")V% *4.;21+01+"(.1;!>%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!K.&! -?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%R!0?%#$ZSZ>*&%!-%#!E=./$*$H#!>%!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!02/#2;;H%#!&.KK2&$H%#!.=J! +2-=;%#! >%! K.K*%&#! 0.&$2/#! K&2>=*$#R! .! 2$//,% *$%0+1#+$//$+!>%K=*#!E=%-E=%#! .//H%#B!"!@7hR! *-! %#$! $2=$!>%! ;[;%! .##%l! H-%+H! `-.! ;2T%//%! %=&2KH%//%! %#$! S!P8h98aR! ;.*#! #?*-! &%#$%! #$.,-%! .-2&#! E=%! -.! K&2>=0$*2/!,.*##%R! -.! >%;./>%! >%! K.K*%&! &%0T0-H! %#$! +2=H%! S!,.*##%&B!!D2=&!E=%!-%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#!02--%0$H#!%/!g&./0%!K=*##%/$![$&%!=$*-*#H#!>./#!-%!K.T#R!*-!3.=$!:!!!

! #2*$! &%#$.=&%&! -.! 02;KH$*$*+*$H! >%! -?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!j!

! #2*$! .=G;%/$%&! -%! $.=J! >?=$*-*#.$*2/! >=! +*%=J!K.K*%&!K.&!-?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%!j!!

! #2*$!>H+%-2KK%&! -?=#.G%!>%! +*%=J!K.K*%&#!>./#!>?.=$&%#! #%0$%=&#! `;.$H&*.=J! >?*#2-.$*2/! K.&!%J%;K-%aB!X2=#!#2;;%#!.-2&#!>./#!-%!0.#!>?=/!&%0T0-.G%!.+%0!0F./G%;%/$!>%!#%0$%=&B!

!)%! K&*/0*K.-! ;2T%/! >?.=G;%/$%&! -.! K.&$! >%! -.!K&2>=0$*2/! &H.-*#H%! S! ,.#%! >%! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! %#$! #./#!>2=$%! >?.;H-*2&%&! -%! $.=J! >?=$*-*#.$*2/! >=! #%G;%/$!#KH0*3*E=%! >=% 0"0.$+% 01)+% .30+$//.1;% $(% ,2+.()+$L% )%!$.=J! >?=$*-*#.$*2/! %#$! >%! 88h! #%=-%;%/$! K2=&! 0%#!K&2>=*$#B!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!98!W2=&0%!:!Y1DeB!

Y%$$%! #*$=.$*2/!/?%#$!K.#!K&2K&%!S! -.!g&./0%B%)%!K.K*%&!K2=&!*;K&%##*2/!K&H#%/$%!=/!32&$!>%G&H!>%!,-./0F%=&!%$!&%E=*%&$! >%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#! >%! E=.-*$H! `>H/2;;H#!R%C")($/%/1+($/%T%1)%R%/1+($/%/)0,+.$)+$/%TdL!W*! -?2/!#%!&H3'&%! .=J! K&*/0*K%#! >%! -?H02/2;*%! 0*&0=-.*&%R! 0%! #2/$!0%#! #2&$%#! E=*! */$'G&%/$! -%! K-=#! >?H/%&G*%R! >?.>U=+./$#!0F*;*E=%#! `0%=J! E=*! 2/$! H$H! /H0%##.*&%#! K2=&! -%#!,-./0F*&aB! e-! %#$! >2/0! #2=F.*$.,-%!>%! -%#!K&H#%&+%&B! )%#!3.,&*0./$#! >%! K.K*%&! K2=&! *;K&%##*2/! E=*! 0F%&0F%/$! S!.0F%$%&!0%#!#2&$%#!#%!$&2=+%/$!%/!02/0=&&%/0%!.+%0!-%#!3.,&*0./$#! >%! K.K*%&#! S! =#.G%! #./*$.*&%! `;2=0F2*&#R!%##=*%Z$2=$! %$0BaB! 1/! 1=&2K%R! -?%##%/$*%-! >%#! F.=$%#!#2&$%#! ,-./0F%#! 02--%0$H%#! %#$! .,#2&,H! K.&! -?*/>=#$&*%!>=!K.K*%&!#./*$.*&%96B!i&R! -%#!K.K*%&#!#./*$.*&%#!/%!#2/$!K.#!&%0T0-.,-%#!`$2=$!.=!K-=#!02;K2#$.,-%#aB!!<'#! -2&#R! >%=J! K*#$%#! #2/$! K2##*,-%#! K2=&! .;H-*2&%&!-?.00'#! >%#! 3.,&*0./$#! >%! K.K*%&! K2=&! -?*;K&%##*2/! %$!-?H0&*$=&%!.=J!:$&)"/,/.!)"/!:!!!

! .;H-*2&%&!-.!02--%0$%!>%#!F.=$%#!#2&$%#!j!! #$&=0$=&%&!-%!;.&0FH!>%!3.d2/!S!3.0*-*$%&!-?.00'#!

>%!0F.0=/!S!-.!&%##2=&0%R!%/!0&H./$!=/!;.&0FH!2&G./*#H! >%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#R! >2$H! >?=/%!K-.$%32&;%! >?H0F./G%#! H-%0$&2/*E=%B! 1/!g&./0%R! -%#! H0F./G%#!>%! +*%=J!K.K*%&#! #%! 32/$!%/02&%!,%.=02=K!>%!G&H!S!G&HB!

!P")V%*4)(.-./"(.1;%*)%0"0.$+%+$2<2-,%

!W2=&0%!:!Y2K.0%-B!!)%!$.=J!>?=$*-*#.$*2/!%#$!-.!02/#2;;.$*2/!>%!K.K*%&#!&%0T0-H#!&.KK2&$H%!S!-.!K&2>=0$*2/B!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!96!W2=&0%!:!Y1DeB!

7h

87h

67h

97h

N7h

P7h

@7h

V7h

9aaZ

9aaa

8&&&

8&&9

8&&8

8&&:

8&&U

8&&W

8&&X

8&&Y

8&&Z

8&&a

8&9&

8&99

D&%##% e;K&%##*2/!H0&*$=&% 1/#%;,-%!>%#!K.K*%&#!0.&$2/#

Page 41: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%U&!!

!+,/$+?$+%-"%A)"-.(,%*$%-"%3"(.@+$%!

D&H#%&+%&! -.! E=.-*$H! >%! -.! ;.$*'&%! %#$! =/! %/U%=! >./#!-?H02/2;*%! 0*&0=-.*&%R! 02;;%! /2=#! -?.+2/#! +=!K&H0H>%;;%/$B!!!!

[.$)V%21--$2($+%-$/%R%/1+($/%/)0,+.$)+$/%T%

"=U2=&>?F=*R! -.! 02--%0$%!>%#! #2&$%#! #=KH&*%=&%#99!%#$!K%=!*;K2&$./$%!%/!g&./0%R!K2=&!>%=J!&.*#2/#!:!!! ).! 02/#*G/%% #%-2/! -.E=%--%! $2=#! -%#!K.K*%&#!>2*+%/$!

[$&%! $&*H#! %$! K.#! #%=-%;%/$! -%#! ;.G.l*/%#! %$!U2=&/.=J! /?%#$! 0"/% $;21+$% J.$;% .;(,#+,$% 0"+% -$/%3,;"#$/R! E=*! 2/$! %/02&%! %/! $[$%! -%#! 02/#*G/%#! >%!02--%0$%! >%#! .//H%#! 8ML7ZM7! `&%0T0-.G%! >%#! #%=-#!U2=&/.=J! %$! ;.G.l*/%#! >./#! -%#! ,.0#! ,-%=#! %/!.KK2&$!+2-2/$.*&%aB!!

! )%#!02--%0$*+*$H#! -20.-%#!#2/$!%/!0F.&G%!>%#!>H0F%$#,>%#!;H/.G%#B,^.*#! %--%#!/%! #2/$!K.#! %/! 0F.&G%!>=!$&*! #H-%0$*3! K2=&! $2=$%#! -%#! %/$&%K&*#%#B! )%#!%/$&%K&*#%#!2/$!.00'#!.=!$&*!#H-%0$*3!-2&#E=?%--%#!#2/$!.##*;*-H%#! .=J!;H/.G%#! 2=! -2&#E=?%--%#! K.##%/$! =/!02/$&.$!.+%0!-.!02--%0$*+*$H!%/!0F.&G%!>%!-.!02--%0$%B!

)%#!%/$&%K&*#%#!#2/$!.##*;*-H%#!.=J!;H/.G%#!E=./>!-%=&#!>H0F%$#!#2/$!>%!;[;%#!0.&.0$H&*#$*E=%#!%$!/%!>HK.##%/$!K.#! =/! 0%&$.*/! +2-=;%B! "=Z>%-SR! %--%#! #2/$! &%#K2/#.,-%#!>%! -%=&#! >H0F%$#!j! %--%#! K%=+%/$! -%#! 02/3*%&! S! =/!K&%#$.$.*&%!K&*+HR!2=!%/02&%! 02/0-=&%!=/!02/$&.$!.+%0! -.!02--%0$*+*$H! E=*! #%! 0F.&G%&.! >%! -%#! 02--%0$%&! 02/$&%!&%>%+./0%B!)%#!K&.$*E=%#!#2/$!+.&*.,-%#!%$!-%!(+.%;4$/(%0"/%/</(,3"(.A)$%01)+%-$/%$;(+$0+./$/B!x-2,.-%;%/$R!#%=-!=/!$*%&#! >%#! K.K*%&#! G&.KF*E=%#! >%#! K&23%##*2//%-#! %#$!&H0=KH&H!:! X&&% &&&% (1;;$/% *$% 0"0.$+/% #+"0C.A)$/% /1;(%".;/.%0$+*)$/%2C"A)$%";;,$:UL%

)%#!0+$/("(".+$/% 0+.?,/! #2/$! #2=;*#! S! >%#! *;KH&.$*3#! >%!&%/$.,*-*$H!j! 0?%#$! K2=&E=2*! *-#! >%##%&+%/$! %/! K&*2&*$H! -%#!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!99! Y%$$%! K.&$*%! K2&$%! #=&! -.! 02--%0$%! \!K2#$Z02/#=;%&!]B! )%#!0F=$%#! >%! K.K*%&! `K&HZ02/#=;%&a! #2/$! K2=&! -%=&! K.&$! $&'#!-.&G%;%/$!02--%0$H%#!%$!&H*/$HG&H%#!S!-.!K&2>=0$*2/B!9N! W2=&0%!:! ;*/*#$'&%! >%! -?102-2G*%R! >=! <H+%-2KK%;%/$!>=&.,-%!%$!>%!-?1/%&G*%B!

K-=#! G&./>%#! %/$&%K&*#%#B! m/%! 233&%! S! >%#$*/.$*2/! >%#!D^1!%#$!$2=$%32*#!%/!$&.*/!>?H;%&G%&B!!!).!3"+#$%*$%3";v)?+$%*$%2$/%10,+"($)+/%$/(% -.3.(,$!:!-%#! G&./>%#! %/$&%K&*#%#! #2/$! >HUS! >%##%&+*%#! K.&! >%!G&./>#! G&2=K%#! %$! -%#!K%$*$%#! %/$&%K&*#%#! .##*;*-H%#! .=J!;H/.G%#! /%! K%=+%/$! K.#! [$&%! >%##%&+*%#! K.&! >%#!K&%#$.$.*&%#! K&*+H#! 0.&! -%#! 02--%0$*+*$H#! -20.-%#! >*#K2#%/$!>?=/!;2/2K2-%!>%!02--%0$%!>%#!>H0F%$#B!!!!)%#!21--$2(.?.(,/!2/$!K2=&! -%=&!K.&$!,%.=02=K!S!G.G/%&!S!02--%0$%&! -%#! K.K*%&#! ,=&%.=$*E=%#! >%#! %/$&%K&*#%#R! >./#!-.!;%#=&%!2k!0%#!K.K*%&#!#2/$!#=#0%K$*,-%#!>?[$&%!+%/>=#!K-=#!0F%&#!E=%!-%#!K.K*%&#!02--%0$H#!.=K&'#!>%#!;H/.G%#B!1$%/>&%! -.! 02--%0$%! .=J! %/$&%K&*#%#! >%! $.*--%! ;2T%//%!/?*;K-*E=%&.*$! E=?=/%! 3.*,-%! %J$%/#*2/! >%#! ;2T%/#! %$!>2/0!>%#!025$#!>%!02--%0$%!>%#!02--%0$*+*$H#B!!!!

P1;;"#$/%*$%0"0.$+/%+,2)0,+,/%`%/!q*-2$2//%#R!677La!

!W2=&0%!:!10232-*2!!

! !

7

8777

6777

9777

h;*)-,/%$(%e+"5(

K1+($%/)0,+.$)+$

K1+($/%3,-";#,$/

H1)+;")V%$(%3"#"G.;$

<H0F%$#!;=/*0*K.=J

<H0F%$#!K&23%##*2//%-#!`02--%0$%!K&*+H%a

Page 42: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%U9!!

!f.+.#$+%-$/%R%/1+($/%/)0,+.$)+$/%T%%?$+/%-"%5.-.@+$%#+"0C.A)$%

!D&H#%&+%&! -.!E=.-*$H!>%! -.!;.$*'&%R! 0?%#$!.=##*!H+*$%&!E=%!-%#!;%*--%=&%#!#2&$%#!#2*%/$!0.K$H%#!K.&!-.!#%=-%!,&./0F%!>%! -?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%! >2/$! -%#! K&2>=*$#! /%! #2/$! K.#!&%0T0-.,-%#R!S! #.+2*&! -%#! 3.,&*0./$#!>%!K.K*%&#!>?FTG*'/%B!Y%#! 3.,&*0./$#! #2/$! K2#*$*2//H#! #=&! =/! ;.&0FH! %/!0&2*##./0%R! S! -.! >*33H&%/0%! >%#! 3.,&*0./$#! >%! K.K*%&#!G&.KF*E=%#B! e-#!#2/$!K-=#!&%/$.,-%#!%$!>2/0!K-=#!S!;[;%!>%!/2=%&!>%#!&%-.$*2/#!#=*+*%#!.+%0!-%#!&H0=KH&.$%=&#B!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!Y2;;%! ;%/$*2//H! K-=#! F.=$R! -%! ;.&0FH! >%#! +*%=J!K.K*%&#!%#$!%##%/$*%--%;%/$!=/!;.&0FH!>%!G&H!S!G&HB!e-!%#$!#=33*#.;;%/$!;.$=&%!.=U2=&>?F=*!K2=&!#2/G%&!S!%/!3.*&%!=/! ;.&0FH! 2&G./*#HR! S! -?*;.G%! >%#! G&./>#! ;.&0FH#! >%!;.$*'&%#!K&%;*'&%#9PL%%!

! m/%! K-.$%32&;%! >?H0F./G%#% K%&;%$$&.*$!>?.$$%*/>&%! );$% 0-)/% #+";*$% (+";/0"+$;2$% $(%);$%3$.--$)+$%"--12"(.1;%*$/%?1-)3$/B!!

!! )%!;.&0FH!K2=&&.*$![$&%!>2$H!>?=/%!2C"3J+$%*$%

2130$;/"(.1;B! Y%$! */$%&;H>*.*&%! %/$&%! -%#!.0F%$%=&#! %$! -%#! +%/>%=&#! 3%&.*$! >*#K.&.b$&%! -%!&*#E=%!>%!02/$&%K.&$*%B!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!9P!D2=&!=/%!>%#0&*K$*2/!>%#!;.&0FH#!>%!;.$*'&%#!K&%;*'&%#R!+2*&!F$$K:QQuuuB;.$*%&%#K&%;*%&%#B*/32Q-%Z;.&0F%Z>%#Z;.$*%&%#ZK&%;*%&%#!

Page 43: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%U8!!

D$;("J.-./$+%-$%+$2<2-"#$%!

)%#!025$#!>%!02--%0$%!>=!K.K*%&!+.&*%/$!#%-2/!-%!;2>%!>%!02--%0$%! ;*#! %/! K-.0%! K.&! -%#! 02--%0$*+*$H#! -20.-%#R! ;.*#!>./#!-?%/#%;,-%R!*-#!#2/$!K&%#E=%!$2=U2=&#!#=KH&*%=&#!.=!K&*J! >%! &%+%/$%! >%#! +*%=J! K.K*%&#B! Y%! /?%#$! K.#!#=&K&%/./$!S!0%!#$.>%!E=*!%#$!%/02&%!=/!#$.>%!>%!;*#%!%/!K-.0%! >%! -?H02/2;*%! 0*&0=-.*&%B! ^.*#! *-! %#$! $%;K#!;.*/$%/./$!>%!0F%&0F%&!S!&%/$.,*-*#%&!0%$$%!.0$*+*$HR!K2=&!-.!KH&%//*#%&!%$!K%&;%$$&%!=/!>H+%-2KK%;%/$!>%!-?233&%B!

!+.V%*$%?$;($%*$/%?.$)V%0"0.$+/%$(%217(/%*$%21--$2($%$(%(+.%1/!%=&2!K.&!$2//%!

%W2=&0%!:!n%+*K.KR!S!/2+%;,&%!6786!`K&*JaR!">%;%!`025$aB!)%!025$!%#$!0%-=*!>%!-.!02--%0$%!;=/*0*K.-%B!

!

)%! #%0$%=&! >=! $&*! %#$! .KK%-H! S! /$% 21;2$;(+$+% $(% B%/4")(13"(./$+% *"?";("#$B! )%#! 0%/$&%#! >%! $&*! #2/$!/2;,&%=JR! %$! K2=&! -.! K-=K.&$! %/02&%! K%=! .=$2;.$*#H#!K2=&!0%!E=*!02/0%&/%!-%!$&*!>%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#B!

%P<0$%*$%2$;(+$% E13J+$%*$%

2$;(+$/%

P1;;"#$%*$%0"0.$+%(+.,%$;%8&99%c(1;;$/d%

P1;;"#$%*$%0"0.$+%%(+.,%0"+%2$;(+$%$;%8&99%

c(1;;$/d%

t&*!;./=%-! "! @L! 9N9!777! P!7NN!! c! 99! 6PN!777! V!@MV!

! Y! 9P! 9VP!777! 87!V8N!

! <! N6! P@6!777! 89!9L8!

! 1! 6N! 9@@!777! 8P!6P7!

! g! 6P! PMP!777! 69!L77!

t&*!$&'#!.=$2;.$*#H! x! 8V! 9LM!777! 66!LL6!% P1("-% 8UU% 8%ZZU%&&&% 99%Z8&%

!W2=&0%!:!10232-*2R!>2//H%#!6788!

!!

7

877

677

977

N77

P77

@77

!+.V%9L&8

!+.V%9L&U

!+.V%9L99

!+.V%8L&:

!+.V%:L9Y

n17(%*$%21--$2($%$(%*$%(+.

;*/*;=;;.J*;=;

Page 44: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%U:!!

!!D.&! .*--%=&#R! .##=&%&! =/%! 3$.--$)+$% 21--$2($% *$/% /1+($/%/)0,+.$)+$/!>2*$!K%&;%$$&%!>%!;*%=J!&%/$.,*-*#%&!-?.0$*+*$H!>%!$&*B!Y%#!#2&$%#!#%&2/$!;*%=J!&H0=KH&H%#!>'#!-2&#!E=%!-%#!%/$&%K&*#%#!$&*%&2/$!>%!3.d2/!K-=#!#T#$H;.$*E=%B!!)%!025$!>=!&%0T0-.G%!%#$!-*H!.=!;2>%!>%!G%#$*2/!0F2*#*B!).!;.U2&*$H9@!>%#!02--%0$*+*$H#! -20.-%#!2/$!0F2*#*!*$%21--$2($+%-$% 0"0.$+% "?$2% -$/% $3J"--"#$/B! Y%! ;2>%! >%! 02--%0$%! %#$!.KK%-H!,*Z3-=J9VR!K.&!2KK2#*$*2/!.+%0!-.!02--%0$%!%/!$&*Z3-=JR!E=*!>*#$*/G=%!-%#!%;,.--.G%#!>?=/%!K.&$R!-%#!K.K*%&#!%$Q2=!-%#! K.K*%&#! %$! -%#! 0.&$2/#! >?.=$&%! K.&$! `-%! $&2*#*';%! 3-=J!H$./$! 0%-=*! >%#! 2&>=&%#! ;H/.G'&%#aB! ).! 02--%0$%! >H>*H%!#=,#*#$%!%##%/$*%--%;%/$!%/!.KK2&$!+2-2/$.*&%!:!0%!#2/$!-%#!02/$.*/%&#! `#2=+%/$! ,-%=#a! .=$&%32*#! >%#$*/H#! S! &%0%+2*&!=/*E=%;%/$! -%#! U2=&/.=J! %$! ;.G.l*/%#B! )%! 025$! >%! -.!02--%0$%! %/! ,*Z3-=J! %#$! #=KH&*%=&! S! 0%-=*! >%! -.! 02--%0$%! %/!$&*Z3-=JB! 1/! 2=$&%R! -.! 02--%0$%! %/! K2&$%ZSZK2&$%! .! =/! 025$!#=KH&*%=&!S!-.!02--%0$%!%/!.KK2&$!+2-2/$.*&%B!

)%#! ,2&/%#! >?.KK2&$! +2-2/$.*&%! */#$.--H%#! >./#! -%#! .//H%#!L7R! .+./$! -%! $&*! #H-%0$*3! %/! K2&$%ZSZK2&$%R! #2/$! %/02&%! %/!K-.0%!>./#! 0%&$.*/%#! 02;;=/%#B! e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`#2=+%/$! %/! l2/%! &=&.-%aR! 0%! ;2>%! >%! 02--%0$%!>%+&.*$![$&%!;.*/$%/=B!

!

%

!

!

\:LU]% 4-5'-+D-#6'.-'192("("+(-7>&"+'!

)%#! %/U%=J! >%! -?H0202/0%K$*2/! #2/$! *;K2&$./$#! >./#! -.!3*-*'&%B! Y2;;%!/2=#! -?.+2/#! +=R! H0202/0%+2*&! K%=$! .+2*&!K2=&!,=$!:!! >%! &H>=*&%! -.! E=./$*$H! >%!;.$*'&%! K&%;*'&%R! >?%.=R!

>?H/%&G*%!/H0%##.*&%!K2=&!3.,&*E=%&!=/!K&2>=*$B!! >?.;H-*2&%&!-.!&%0T0-.,*-*$H!>=!K&2>=*$B!

!nH>=*&%! -.! E=./$*$H! >%! ;.$*'&%! K&%;*'&%R! >?%.=! %$!>?H/%&G*%!%/G.G%!-%#!K&20%##=#!>%!K&2>=0$*2/R!;.*#!.=##*!-.! 02/0%K$*2/! >=! K&2>=*$!-=*Z;[;%:! =/! K.K*%&!,=&%.=$*E=%!0-)/% 5.;%A)$% -$% #+"33"#$%/(";*"+*% cZ&%#+dN%31.;/%J-";2R!.=&.!=/%!%;K&%*/$%!H02-2G*E=%!K-=#!3.*,-%B!!).!,-./0F%=&!%#$!=/!#*G/%!>%!E=.-*$H!$&'#!&%0F%&0FH!K.&!-%#!>*#$&*,=$%=&#R! ;.*#! -%! ;.&0FH! K%=$! H+2-=%&! .+%0! -.!#%/#*,*-*#.$*2/! 0&2*##./$%! >%#! 02/#2;;.$%=&#! .=J!E=%#$*2/#! H02-2G*E=%#B! e-! H+2-=%&.!>?.=$./$!K-=#! +*$%!E=%!-%#!-.,%-#!.>HE=.$#!#%&2/$!;*#!%/!K-.0%B!!

Y2/0%&/./$!-.!&%0T0-.,*-*$HR!-.!3*-*'&%!.!.;2&0H!=/%!+,5-$V.1;%/)+% -$/% $;2+$/!:! -%! >H#%/0&.G%!%#$! K-=#! 3.0*-%! .+%0! 0%&$.*/#!$TK%#! >?%/0&%#B! <%#! &%0F%&0F%#! #=&! -%#! %/0&%#! .=$2Z%33.d.,-%#R! E=*! #?%33.0%/$! >?%--%#Z;[;%#! .=! ,2=$! >?=/!0%&$.*/#!$%;K#B!!!<%! ;[;%R! >%#! &%0F%&0F%#! #2/$! %/! 02=&#! K2=&! -*;*$%&! -%#!%33%$#! K%&$=&,.$%=&#! >=! &%0T0-.G%! >=#! S! 0%&$.*/#! $TK%#! >%!21--$/L!!!"=$&%! 0F.;K! >%! &%0F%&0F%! %/+*#.G%.,-%! %/! $FH2&*%R!E=2*E=%! U=GH! K%=! K&.$*0.,-%! K.&! -.! K&23%##*2/!.0$=%--%;%/$!:!"22+1j(+$%-$%;13J+$%*$%2<2-$/!E=%!-%!K&2>=*$!K%=$!%33%0$=%&B!"0$=%--%;%/$!-.!3*,&%!>%!0%--=-2#%!K%=$![$&%!&%0T0-H%! 0*/E! 32*#! %/! ;2T%//%! K2=&! 3.,&*E=%&! >=! K.K*%&B!)2&#! >%#! 0T0-%#! #=*+./$#R! -.! 3*,&%! K%=$! %/02&%! #%&+*&! S!3.,&*E=%&! >=! 0.&$2/B! <%! $%--%#! &%0F%&0F%#! .=&.*%/$! =/!*/$H&[$! H02-2G*E=%! %$! .=##*! H02/2;*E=%!:! %--%#!.=G;%/$%&.*%/$! -.!E=./$*$H!>%!Kf$%!&%0T0-H%!>*#K2/*,-%!%$!.,.*##%&.*$!#2/!025$B!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!9@!PVh!>%#!;H/.G%#!3&./d.*#!$&*%/$!%/!,*Z3-=J!%$!N9h!%/!$&*Z3-=JB!9V!i=!cY^Dz!K2=&!c&*E=%!Y.&$2/#!^H$.=J!D-.#$*E=%#!z2=&/.=JB!

Page 45: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%UU!!

%\:LW]% 4*'.-/*+.-'.-'7*7&-$'$-(:(12'!

M4.;51+3"(.1;%")%21;/133"($)+%

!

)?*/32&;.$*2/!>=!02/#2;;.$%=&!U2=%!=/!&_-%!0-%3!>./#!-.!;*#%!%/!K-.0%!>=!;2>'-%!0*&0=-.*&%B!1--%!>2*$! -=*! K%&;%$$&%! >?%33%0$=%&! >%#! 0F2*J! K-=#! H02-2G*E=%#B! "=U2=&>?F=*! -%! /2;,&%! >%! -.,%-#!02/0%&/./$!-%!K.K*%&!%#$!H-%+HB!

!

! <.$%! i&*G*/%! W*G/*3*0.$*2/!

!

8MMM! 1=&2K%! D&2G&.;;%! 32&! $F%! 1/>2&#%;%/$! 23! g2&%#$!Y%&$*3*0.$*2/! #0F%;%#! Z! x%#$*2/! 32&%#$*'&%!>=&.,-%!`0&*$'&%#!%/+*&2//%;%/$.=J!%$!#20*.=Ja!

!

8MM9! ";H&*E=%! >=!X2&>!

g2&%#$! W$%u.&>#F*K! Y2=/0*-! 4!x%#$*2/! 32&%#$*'&%!>=&.,-%!`0&*$'&%#!%/+*&2//%;%/$.=J!%$!#20*.=Ja!

!

8MVV! "--%;.G/%! <%&!c-.=%!1/G%-!Z!e-!0%&$*3*%!E=%!-%!K.K*%&!-.,%--*#H!=$*-*#%!>%#!3*,&%#!&%0T0-H%#!S!877hB!

!

8MM6!`&2=-%.=Ja!6786!`K.K*%&#!*;K&*;H#a!

1=&2K%! 102-.,%-! %=&2KH%/!! Z! *-! K&%/>! %/! 02;K$%! -.!&%0T0-.,*-*$H!>=!K&2>=*$!%$! -?*;K.0$!>=!K&20%##=#!>%!3.,&*0.$*2/!#=&!-?%/+*&2//%;%/$B!

!

8MM6! g&./0%! "Dmn! `"##20*.$*2/! >%#! D&2>=0$%=&#! %$! >%#!m$*-*#.$%=&#!>%!K.K*%&Z0.&$2/!n%0T0-Ha!Z!!e-!0%&$*3*%!-.!$%/%=&!%/!3*,&%!&%0T0-H%#!`@7R!L7!2=!877!ha!>%#!K.K*%&#B!

!

e-!&%#$%!$2=$%32*#!,%.=02=K!S!3.*&%!K2=&!3.*&%!.KK.&.b$&%!K-=#!K&H0*#H;%/$!-4$30+$.;($%,21-1#.A)$%*$/% 0+1*).(/L% )?.+./$.G%! H02-2G*E=%! >=! K.K*%&! &%0T0-HR! %$! /2$.;;%/$! -?H0.&$! .+%0! -?%;K&%*/$%!H02-2G*E=%!>%#!K&2>=*$#!&H.-*#H#!.+%0!>%!-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%!*;K2&$H%R!#%&.*$!.*/#*!K-=#!$./G*,-%B%e-!3.=$!#2=-*G/%&!S!0%!$*$&%!-?*/*$*.$*+%!K&*#%!K.&!-%!G&2=K%!{.0F%$$%R!E=*!.!%/$&%K&*#!>?*/>*E=%&!-?%;K&%*/$%!0.&,2/%!>%!#%#!K&2>=*$#!%$!-?2&*G*/%!>=!K.K*%&!=$*-*#HB!)%!K&%;*%&!-*+&%!H$*E=%$H!.!H$H!;*#!%/!+%/$%!%/!;.*!6786B,

!!!!!!!

Page 46: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%UW!!

M$%+k-$%*$%-4'("(%$(%*$/%21--$2(.?.(,/%-12"-$/%

!

)?1$.$!%$! -%#!02--%0$*+*$H#! -20.-%#!2/$!=/!&_-%!S! U2=%&!$;%(";(%A)4"2C$($)+/%*$%0"0.$+L!e-!/%!#?.G*$!K.#!#%=-%;%/$!>?.33*0F%&! =/! 02;K2&$%;%/$! H02-2G*E=%! %J%;K-.*&%!`-?=/! >%#! K&*/0*K%#! >=! x&%/%--%! >%! -?%/+*&2//%;%/$a!;.*#! .=##*! >?.*>%&! -?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%! S! #%! K&2U%$%&!>./#!-%!-2/G!$%&;%!%$!S!#?2&*%/$%&!+%&#!-.!3.,&*0.$*2/!>%!K.K*%&! &%0T0-HR! 0%! E=*! 02/#$*$=%&.! =/! .+./$.G%! >?*0*!E=%-E=%#!.//H%#!%$!K%&;%$$&.!>?%/&.T%&!-%!>H0-*/!>%!-.!3*-*'&%B!

!

<./#! -%#! H02-%#! K&*;.*&%#! -%#! 0.F*%&#! #2/$! #2*$! 32=&/*#!K.&!-%#!02;;=/%#R!#2*$!S!-.!0F.&G%!>%#!K.&%/$#B!Y2;;%!-%! #2=-*G/%! =/! &.KK2&$! >%! -.! Y2=&! >%#! 02;K$%#R! -%#!K&.$*E=%#! >%#! 02;;=/%#! #2/$! $&'#! +.&*.,-%#! %/! -.!;.$*'&%9LB! )%#! .0F.$#! /%! #2/$! K.#! 0%/$&.-*#H#! %$! K.#!$2=U2=&#!%33%0$=H#!.=!;%*--%=&!K&*J!/*!#=&!.KK%-!>?233&%B!).! g&./0%! 02;K$%! XNX% 3.--.1;/% *4,21-.$+/R! HE=*KH#!0F.E=%! .//H%! >%! P! S! @! 0.F*%&#R! K2=&! =/%! ,2//%! K.&$!>?%/$&%!%=J!K.&!-%=&!02;;=/%B!!

!

).!0&H.$*2/!>?=/%% 2$;(+"-$%*4"2C"(%*$%2"C.$+/%K2=&! -%#!02;;=/%#!K%&;%$$&.*$!:!

9L >?.KK&2+*#*2//%&! -%#! 02;;=/%#! S! ;2*/>&%!025$!j!!

8L >%! K.##%&! .+%0! -%#! K.K%$*%&#! >%#! 02/$&.$#!-%=&! K%&;%$$./$! >%! 0+1#+"33$+% -$)+/%.;?$/(.//$3$;(/L% W*! -?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%!3&./d.*#%! /?%#$! K.#! %/! ;%#=&%! >%! 32=&/*&!.=U2=&>?F=*! 8P! S! 97! ;*--*2/#! >%! 0.F*%&#!&%0T0-H#! K.&! ./R! >%#! 02/$&.$#! K-=&*.//=%-#!K%&;%$$&.*%/$! >%! K&2G&.;;%&! =/%!0+1#+$//.1;%*$% -"%0"+(%*$/%2"C.$+/%+$2<2-,/%*";/%-$%(1("-%*$/%2"C.$+/%51)+;./L!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!:Z% )%#! 02;;=/%#! %$! -|H02-%! >%! -.! nHK=,-*E=%R! Y2=&! >%#!

Y2;K$%#R!).!>20=;%/$.$*2/!3&./d.*#%R!677LB!!

)%! &%02=&#! .=! K.K*%&! &%0T0-H! .! >HUS! H$H! %/+*#.GH! K2=&!-%#! $;?$-100$/% *$/(.;,$/% B% -4$;?1.% *$/% 0+1#+"33$/%*$/% 2";*.*"(/% ")V% ,-$2(.1;/R! 2=! %/02&%! K2=&! -%#!3";)$-/% /21-".+$/% w% 3"./% 2$/% .;.(."(.?$/% ;41;(% 0"/%"J1)(.L%

%

n$%(<0$%*4.;2.("(.1;%$/(%3".;($;";(%);$%;,2$//.(,R!/2/!#%=-%;%/$! K2=&! >%#! &.*#2/#! H02-2G*E=%#R! ;.*#! .=##*!K2=&! %/&.T%&! -%! >H0-*/! >%! -?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%B! W.!#*$=.$*2/! %#$! .=U2=&>?F=*! $&2K! >HG&.>H%! K2=&! E=?%--%!&H.-*#%! >?%--%Z;[;%! -%#! */+%#$*##%;%/$#! /H0%##.*&%#!K2=&! &%#$.=&%&! #.! 02;KH$*$*+*$H! %$! K2=&! >H+%-2KK%&! -.!K&2>=0$*2/!S!,.#%!>%!+*%=J!K.K*%&B!

!

!

Page 47: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%UX!!

\:LX]% E:+>)05-'.-5'7$2("+&5*>&"+5'!

).! 02/+%&#*2/! K&2G&%##*+%! >%! -?*/>=#$&*%! K.K%$*'&%! >%! -.! Kf$%! +*%&G%! S! -.! Kf$%! &%0T0-H%! .KK.&.b$! 02;;%!=/%!

/H0%##*$H! $./$! H02/2;*E=%! E=?H02-2G*E=%B! e-! %#$! /H0%##.*&%! E=%! -%#! =#*/%#! K.K%$*'&%#! */+%#$*##%/$! K2=&!

&%#$.=&%&!-%=&!02;KH$*$*+*$HR!%$!-%#!$%/>./0%#!S!-?p=+&%!#=GG'&%/$!>%!#.*#*&!0%$$%!2KK2&$=/*$H!K2=&!;2>*3*%&!-%#!

;2>%#!>?.KK&2+*#*2//%;%/$B!<?=/!K2*/$!>%!+=%!H02-2G*E=%R!%JK2&$%&! -%#!+*%=J!K.K*%&#! &H0=KH&H#!%$! *;K2&$%&!

>%!-.!Kf$%!+*%&G%!K&H#%/$%!=/!025$!%/+*&2//%;%/$.-R!0%-=*!E=*!%#$!.##20*H!.=J!H;*##*2/#!-*H%#!.=!$&./#K2&$B!m/%!

$&./#32&;.$*2/! S! K&2J*;*$H! >%#! -*%=J! >%! 02--%0$%! #%&.*$! K&H3H&.,-%! `K&*/0*K%! >%! K&2J*;*$HaB! D2=&! 3.0*-*$%&! %$!

.00H-H&%&! -.! $&./#*$*2/! +%&#! =/! ;2>%! &H%--%;%/$! \!0*&0=-.*&%!]! >%! K&2>=0$*2/! >=! K.K*%&! G&.KF*E=%R! *-! %#$!

/H0%##.*&%R!>?=/%!K.&$R!>%!+,*).+$% -$/%217(/%*$%21--$2($%$(%*$%(+.%`K2=&!+*.,*-*#%&! -.!3*-*'&%aR!%$!>?.=$&%!K.&$R!>%!

*<;"3./$+%-"%*$3";*$%*$%0"0.$+%B%J"/$%*$%5.J+$/%+$2<2-,$/B!1/3*/R!-.!0&H.$*2/!>?=/%!J1)+/$%*$/%?.$)V%0"0.$+/!

K%&;%$$&.*$! >%! 3.0*-*$%&! -?.00'#! >%#! 3.,&*0./$#! >%! K.K*%&#! G&.KF*E=%#! .=J! ;%*--%=&%#! #2&$%#! `.0$=%--%;%/$!

#2=+%/$!0.K$H%#!K.&!-?*/>=#$&*%!>=!K.K*%&!#./*$.*&%aB!!

!

D2=&!"J".//$+%-$/%217(/%*$%21--$2($%$(%*$%(+.N%/2=#!K&H02/*#2/#%=%

!

9L )%!K.##.G%!S!=/%!21--$2($%/,0"+,$%*$/%0"0.$+/%#+"0C.A)$/N%$;%"001+(%?1-1;(".+$N!K.&$2=$!2k!0%-.!%#$!K2##*,-%!S!K%=!>%!3&.*#R!%$!-%!;.*/$*%/!>%!-.!02--%0$%!#HK.&H%!%/!.KK2&$!+2-2/$.*&%!-S!2k!%--%!%J*#$%!`%/!l2/%!&=&.-%a!

!8L )?")(13"(./"(.1;%"22+)$%>%#!0%/$&%#!>%!$&*!`K2=&!-%!$&*!>=!K.K*%&a!%$!-.%21;2$;(+"(.1;%*$%2$%/$2($)+%

!:L m/!$551+(%0+.?,%"22+)%$;%3"(.@+$%*$%+$2C$+2C$!#=&!-%#!%/0&%#!%$!-%#!02--%#!`#2=$%/=!K.&!-%!>*#K2#*$*3!

>=!Y&H>*$!e;K_$!n%0F%&0F%a!

!UL m/%!K2=&#=*$%!>%#!%332&$#!>%!/$;/.J.-./"(.1;%*)%#+";*%0)J-.2%

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Page 48: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%UY!!

!

D2=&!$;21)+"#$+% -4)/"#$%*)%0"0.$+% +$2<2-,R! %$!>%!0%! 3.*$R! */0*$%&! -?*/>=#$&*%!S! */+%#$*&!K2=&!;2>*3*%&! -?2=$*-!>%!K&2>=0$*2/R!/2=#!K&H02/*#2/#!:!

WL ).!0&H.$*2/!>?=/%!2$;(+"-$%*4"2C"(%*$/%2"C.$+/%*$/%,21-.$+/R!S!>%#$*/.$*2/!>%#!02;;=/%#R!.*/#*!E=o=/%!;2/$H%!K&2G&%##*+%!>%!-.!K.&$!>%#!0.F*%&#!&%0T0-H#!>./#!-%#!.0F.$#!>%!0%$$%!0%/$&.-%!!

XL )?*;K&%##*2/!>%#!3";)$-/%/21-".+$/N%*)%3"(,+.$-%,-$2(1+"-N%*$/%51+3)-".+$/%"*3.;./(+"(.5/%#=&!K.K*%&#!&%0T0-H#!!

YL <./#!=/!#2=0*!>%!$&./#K.&%/0%!%$!K2=&!2&*%/$%&!-%#!0F2*J!>%#!.0F%$%=&#R!-.!;*#%!%/!K-.0%!>?=/!,(.A)$("#$%2"+J1;$!>%#!K&2>=*$#!G&.KF*E=%#!%$Q2=!-.!K2##*,*-*$H!>4"55.2C$+%-$%31;(";(%*$%-4,2121;(+.J)(.1;%.=E=%-!#2/$!#2=;*#!-%#!K&2>=*$#!`/2$.;;%/$!#=&!-%#!3.0$=&%#!%/$&%!*/$%&;H>*.*&%#aB!

!!!

D2=&!3.*&%!>*#K.&.b$&%!-%!&*#E=%!>%!02/$&%K.&$*%!.=E=%-!#2/$!#2=;*#!-%#!&H0=KH&.$%=&#!%$!3.0*-*$%&!-?.00'#!>%#!K.K%$%&*%#!E=*!K&2>=*#%/$!>=!K.K*%&!G&.KF*E=%!.=J!;%*--%=&%#!#2&$%#R!#2=+%/$!0.K$H%#!K.&!-?*/>=#$&*%!>=!K.K*%&!#./*$.*&%R!/2=#!K&2K2#2/#!:!!

ZL -.!0&H.$*2/!>?=/!3"+2C,%1+#";./,%*$/%?.$)V%0"0.$+/R!>2$H!>?=/%!K-.$%Z32&;%!>?H0F./G%#!H-%0$&2/*E=%!%$!H+%/$=%--%;%/$!>?=/%!0F.;,&%!>%!02;K%/#.$*2/B!

!Y%$$%!K&2K2#*$*2/!>%+&.*$! 3.*&%! -?2,U%$!>?=/!G&2=K%!>%! $&.+.*-! &.##%;,-./$! -%#!+%/>%=&#! %$! -%#!.0F%$%=&#!.*/#*!E=%!>%#!K.&$%/.*&%#!3*/./0*%&#B!!

!

! !

Page 49: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%UZ!!

F">-'/2>)"."1",&%#-'!

Y%! -*+&%!,-./0!0F%&0F%!S!.KK-*E=%&! -%#!K&*/0*K%#!>%! -?./.-T#%!H02/2;*E=%!S! -.!3*-*'&%!>=!K.K*%&R!.*/#*!E=?.=!$F';%!>=!&%0T0-.G%R!%$!K-=#!G-2,.-%;%/$!S!0%-=*!>%!-?H02/2;*%!0*&0=-.*&%B!

!

)%#!./.-T#%#!02/$%/=%#!>./#! 0%!>20=;%/$! #?.KK=*%/$! #=&!=/%!%JK-2*$.$*2/!%$!=/%!;*#%!%/!02FH&%/0%!>%#!#$.$*#$*E=%#!%$!>2//H%#!H;*#%#!K.&!>*33H&%/$#!2&G./*#;%#R!%$!/2$.;;%/$!K.&! -?e/#%%R!1=&2#$.$R!10232-*2R! -.!YiD"Y1)R!-%!Y1De!%$!-%#!3H>H&.$*2/#!%#K.G/2-%R!.--%;./>%!%$!*$.-*%//%!>%!-?*/>=#$&*%!K.K%$*'&%B!

!

)?./.-T#%!#$.$*#$*E=%!.!H$H!&H.-*#H%!.=!02=&#!>=!K&%;*%&!$&*;%#$&%!6789B!

!

!

!

!

!

! !

Page 50: Economie circulaire et recyclage : vers un nouveau modèle économique

!

"#$%&'#!(!)*+&%!,-./0!10232-*2!4!.25$!6789!(!!"#$%Ua!!

!!!

!

!

"#$%&'#!%#$!=/!0.,*/%$!>?H$=>%#!H02/2;*E=%#!%$!>%!02/#%*-B!

X2=#! K&2K2#2/#! .=J! %/$&%K&*#%#! %$! .=! #%0$%=&! K=,-*0! >%#! 2=$*-#!>%! &H3-%J*2/!K2=&!2&*%/$%&! -?.0$*2/B!X2$&%!;*##*2/!%#$!>%!;%$$&%!-?%JK%&$*#%! H02/2;*E=%! .=! #%&+*0%! >=! >H+%-2KK%;%/$! >%! /2#!0-*%/$#B! "*/#*R! /2=#! >2//2/#! S! -?./.-T#%! H02/2;*E=%! #2/! &_-%!2KH&.$*2//%-B!

X2=#!K&2K2#2/#!S!/2#!0-*%/$#!:!

! >%#!./.-T#%#!;.0&2H02/2;*E=%#!%$!#%0$2&*%--%#!j!

! >%#!K&H+*#*2/#!j!

! >%#!%/E=[$%#!>%!02/U2/0$=&%B!

X2=#! ;%/2/#! HG.-%;%/$! >%#! ;*##*2/#! >%! 02/#%*-! %/!>H+%-2KK%;%/$!É!.$$&.0$*+*$H!H02/2;*E=%B!

!

"#$%&'#! #%! +%=$! =/%! %/$&%K&*#%! 0*$2T%//%! %$R! S! 0%! $*$&%R! /2=#!&%#K%0$2/#!=/!0%&$.*/!/2;,&%!>%!K&*/0*K%#!:!

! nH.-*#.$*2/!>?.0$*+*$H#!/2/!;.&0F./>%#R!/2$.;;%/$!>./#!-%!>2;.*/%!>%!-.!KH>.G2G*%!H02/2;*E=%!%$!>=!02/#%*-!.=J!G2=+%&/%;%/$#! `.3*/! >?H+*$%&! $2=$! &*#E=%! >%! 02/3-*$!>?*/$H&[$#a!j!

! D&2;2$*2/! >%! -.! -*,%&$H! */>*+*>=%--%! %$! >%! -.! >H;20&.$*%R!/2$.;;%/$!>./#! -%!0.>&%!>%#!;*##*2/#! &H.-*#H%#!>./#! -%#!K.T#!H;%&G%/$#B!

!

! n%#K%0$!>%!-?%/+*&2//%;%/$!:!

"#$%&'#!#?%/G.G%!S!-*;*$%&!-?*;K.0$!>%!#2/!.0$*+*$H!#=&!-?%/+*&2//%;%/$! K.&! -%! &%0T0-.G%R! -.!>H;.$H&*.-*#.$*2/R! -%#! H02/2;*%#! >?H/%&G*%! %$! -.!!-*;*$.$*2/! >%#! >HK-.0%;%/$#! %/! .+*2/! %$! %/! +2*$=&%B!

D.&! .*--%=&#R! /2#! ./.-T#%#! K&%//%/$! %/! 02;K$%! -.! >*;%/#*2/!H02-2G*E=%!%$!%/+*&2//%;%/$.-%!>%#!KFH/2;'/%#!H02/2;*E=%#B!!

1/!;.$*'&%!>%!02/#%*-R!/2#! !K&2K2#*$*2/#!#2/$!32&;=-H%#!>./#! -%!#2=0*! >=! &%#K%0$! >%! -?%/+*&2//%;%/$! %$! >%! -.! >=&.,*-*$H! >=!>H+%-2KK%;%/$B!

!

% %% E1)/%21;("2($+%=%

! uuuB.#$%&%#B3&!! 02/$.0$Ñ.#$%&%#B3&!! VR!&=%!>=!0F%;*/!+%&$! ! ! !! MN!877!W.*/$Z^.=&!>%#!g2##H#!! tH-B!:!Ä!99!8!NL!LP!69!@7!! g.J!:!Ä!99!8!V7!6N!V9!PV!

! "#$%&'#!%#$!K&H#%/$!#=&!g.0%,22q!%$!tu*$$%&!!

!