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11

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1 NÈv 30 wgwbU 96

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xii

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15



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xiii

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xix

cÖv_wgK wkÿK wkÿv (wWwcGW) cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvq mvaviY wb‡`©kbv(wcwUAvB mycvi, †Kvm© mgš^qK Ges cÖZ¨K cÖwkÿK wb‡`©kbv cvV Ki‡eb|

G wb‡`©kbv cÖwkÿY PjvKv‡j AbymiY Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK)

wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‘ Ges cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq bxwZgvjv wcwUAvB Ges wcwUAvB mswkøó mK‡ji Kv‡Q m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cwiwPZ bq| †mRb¨ cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK I wkÿK †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±imn wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Kg©KZv‡ì Rb¨ 26 w`‡bi cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖavb cÖavb êwkó¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc:

K) G cÖwkÿ‡Y cÖ_‡g gv÷vi †Uªbvi‡ì cÖwkÿY †`qv nq| gv÷vi †UªbviMY wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v Ges BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i‡ì cÖwkÿY †`‡eb| cÖavb wkÿK Ges wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY †`‡eb 1 Rb BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i Ges 1 Rb wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i| Z‡e BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i‡ì ¯’‡j we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwkÿY cÖvß mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v‡ì cÖwkÿ‡Yi `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e †m †ÿ‡Î c~‡e©B †bc Gi AbygwZ cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|

L) 26 w`‡bi cÖwkÿ‡Y cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì we`¨vj‡qi AwfÁZv cÖ`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cÖ_g 16 w`b mKvj 9Uv-12Uv ch©šÍ we`¨vj‡q Ae¯’vbmn wewfbœ Kvh©µg Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZw`b Aciv‡ý wWwcGW msµvšÍ ZË¡ I cwiwPwZi Dc‡i cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| †kl 10 w`b gv÷vi †Uªbvi Ges wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±iMY welqwfwËK fv‡e cÖwkÿY MÖnY Ki‡eb| BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i I mnKvix Bb÷ªv±i, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v, cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK I mnKvix wkÿKM‡Yi Rb¨ cwigvwR©Z cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj Ges Z_¨cy¯ÍK cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ g¨vbyqvj Ges Z_¨cy¯ÍK eënvi K‡i DwjøwLZ cÖwkÿY cwiPvwjZ n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨KwU cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP‡Z 4Rb cÖwkÿK KvR Ki‡eb|

we`¨vj‡q cÖwkÿYmn cÖ‡Z¨KwU Awa‡ek‡b mKj cÖwkÿK‡ì Dcw¯’wZ eva¨Zvg~jK| Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvq mKj cÖwkÿKB Dcw¯’Z †_‡K D³ Awa‡ek‡bi cÖwk¶K‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv w`‡eb, †hgb cÖwkÿY mvgMÖx mieivn Kiv, `jxq Kv‡R †Kvb `‡j e‡m cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì mnvqZv †Ìqv BZ¨vw`| cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgš^qK G welqwU wbwðZ Ki‡eb|

M) cÖwkÿK‡ì mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Z_¨cy¯ÍK wfbœfv‡e cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwkÿKMY Awa‡ekb m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Z_¨cy¯ÍK †_‡K cv‡eb| Z‡e Zviv Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨m~Î eënvi K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib, hv‡Z Zuviv welq¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRbgvwdK cÖwkÿYv_©©x‡ì Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì Zuv‡ì fwel¨‡Z Kg©¯’‡j eënv‡ii Rb¨ Z_¨cy¯ÍK cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|

N) cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì cÖwZwU Awa‡ekb †k‡l mswkøó cÖwkÿY g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| cÖwZw`b mgš^qK mvgwMÖK g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb Ges Zvi djvdj cÖwkÿK‡ì Rvbv‡eb| cÖwkÿ‡Y †Kv‡bv gvivZ¥K `ye©jZv †`Lv w`‡j A_ev cÖwkÿ‡Yi h_vh_ gvb eRvq bv _vK‡j Zv mycvi‡K ZvrÿwYKfv‡e AewnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| mycvi cÖ‡qvRb †eva Ki‡j †bc Gi mswkøó Kg©KZ©v/gnvcwiPvjK g‡nv`q‡K AewnZ Ki‡eb| †bc welqwU mgvavbK‡í cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v †b‡e|

xx

cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv:cÖwkÿKMY‡K wb¤œwjwLZ wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv †g‡b Pjvi Rb¨ we‡kl Aby‡iva Kiv n‡”Q:

1| cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbvq g¨vbyqvj G cÖ`Ë wb‡`©kbv Aek¨B †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwkÿ‡Ki ¯^vaxbZv I cwic~Y© ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| cÖwkÿK Kx ej‡eb, Kx cÖkœ Ki‡eb, Kx gšÍe¨ Ki‡eb Giæc mKj †ÿ‡ÎB cÖwkÿK‡K c~e© cÖ¯ÍywZ MÖnY K‡i DwjøwLZ welq¸‡jv wVK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Ges †m Abymv‡i cÖwkÿY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

2| cÖwkÿY m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ Z_v MVbZË¡ wfwËK bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e AbywPšÍb, Dcjwä, gy³ wkLb Ges mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi Dci| cÖwZwU cÖwkÿYv_©x †hb mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡ib A_©vr wPšÍv K‡i wKQz e‡jb, gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki m~‡hvM cvb, Zvi e³e¨ †hb cÖKvk cvq, wZwb welq¸‡jv †h Abyaveb K‡i‡Qb, Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

3| cÖwZwU Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿK cÖkœ wRÁvmv K‡i, †Kvb KvR w`‡q eyS‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb mswkøó Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbv mdj n‡q‡Q Kxbv| †mRb¨ GK ch©v‡q wZwb Awa‡ek‡bi welqe¯‘i mvims‡ÿc Ki‡eb Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evZ©v cybivq ej‡eb|

4| cÖwkÿK‡K eZ©gvb wb‡`©kbvmn cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj I Z_¨ cy¯ÍK fvjfv‡e co‡Z n‡e| cÖwkÿ‡Yi 2 w`b c~‡e© 4 Rb cÖwkÿK wgwjZ n‡q Awa‡ekb¸‡jv fvM K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ 2 Rb cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡eb, Ab¨ 2 Rb cÖwkÿYKvjxb mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| cÖwkÿKMY †h‡nZy cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ miKvixfv‡e `vwqZ¡cÖvß, cÖwkÿY PjvKvjxb mg‡q Ab¨ †Kvb `vwqZ¡ cvjb miKvix wb‡`©‡ki cwicwš’ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| Z‡e we‡kl †ÿ‡Î Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b h_vh_ KZ„©c‡ÿi AbygwZ mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwkÿK cwieZ©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Abycw¯’ZKvjxb mg‡q wZwb cÖwkÿY fvZvmn Ab¨vb¨ fvZv ev m¤§vbx cv‡eb bv|

5| cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ cÖwkÿY mvgMÖx c~‡e©B cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e| Power Point Dc¯’vc‡bi †ÿ‡Î †cv÷vi †ccvi/wfc KvW© Dc¯’vcbv cÖ¯‘Z K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z we`y¨r bv _vK‡jI Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvq †Kvb weNœ bv N‡U| Website G KvR Kivi Rb¨ c~‡e©B cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e Kxfv‡e `jxqfv‡e ev GKvKx Laptop e¨envi K‡i Website G KvR Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Giƒc †Kvb Awa‡ek‡b we`y¨r bv _vK‡j Awa‡ekbwU Hw`bB Awa‡ekb †kl nIqvi c‡i A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb mg‡q wb‡Z n‡e| we`y¨‡Zi Rb¨ †Kvb fv‡e A‡cÿv Kiv hv‡e bv| Avevi Awa‡ekbwUI ev` †`qv hv‡e bv|

6| cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖ_g w`b cwiwPwZi ci cÖwkÿYKv‡Ri cvjbxq wbqgvewj cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mnvqZvq wj‡L eo eo K‡i wj‡L K‡ÿ Ggb ¯’v‡b Szwj‡q ivL‡Z †hb mevB Zv †`L‡Z cvq| wbqgvewji 2/1wU D`vniY:

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xxi

7| cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿKiv wb‡Riv e‡m cÖwkÿ‡Yi mKj `ye©j w`K Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| Kxfv‡e cÖwkÿYwU DbœZ Kiv hvq †m wel‡qi G‡K Aci‡K civgk© w`‡eb|

8| we`¨vj‡q cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Uzjm, QK BZ¨vw` Z_¨ cy¯Í‡K †`qv Av‡Q| c~‡e©B wkÿv_©xi msL¨v/`j Abymv‡i cª‡qvRbxq msL¨K †mU d‡UvKwc K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

9| Differentinated Learning ev wkïi wfbœ wfbœ wkLb Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© ¯úó aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z wkÿv_©xi mswkøó cÖ‡kœi mwVK DËi w`‡Z cv‡ib| †hgbÑ `j MVb m¤ú‡K© wKQz fyj aviYv †`qv bv nq| wkÿv_©xiv †h †Kvb `j A_©vr meyR, njy` ev jvj †h †Kvb `‡jiB †nvK bv †Kb Zviv `j Abymv‡i em‡e bv| Zviv wb‡R‡ì cQ›`gZ RvqMv‡Z em‡e| wkÿK Zvi Kv‡Q hv‡eb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbvmn KvR †`‡eb, KvR Ki‡Z mnvqZv †`‡eb|

10| welqwfwËK cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgq wcwUAvB jvB‡eªwi †_‡K welqwfwËK Z_¨ cy¯ÍK Ges Bb÷ªv±i MvBW c~‡e©B msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| Abyiƒcfv‡e cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi 2/3 †mU cvV¨ cy¯ÍK c~‡e©B msMÖn K‡i cÖwkÿY K‡ÿ ivL‡Z n‡e|

11| cÖwkÿK K_v-evZ©v, AvPi‡Y Aek¨B †KŠkjx n‡eb, †Kvb cÖwkÿYv_©xi cÖwZ iƒp AvPiY Kiv hv‡e bv| we‡kl K‡i hviv mn‡RB D‡ËwRZ nb, ZK©weZ‡K© Rwo‡q c‡ob, Zv‡ì‡K âh©¨ a‡i cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| mevB‡K hZ`~i m¤¢e gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z w`‡Z n‡e Z‡e AcÖvmw½K/A_©nxb K_v ejv †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z n‡e|

12| Awa‡ek‡bi cÖwZwU KvR †hb wba©vwiZ mg‡q AbywôZ nq †mw`‡K Kov bRi w`‡Z n‡e| †Kvm© mgš^qK mgq m¤ú‡K© cÖwkÿK‡K c~‡e©B mZK© Ki‡eb †hb cÖwZwU Kvh©µg Ges Awa‡ekb h_vmg‡q ïiæ nq Ges †kl nq|

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mgq: 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU

mnvqK mvgMÖx : VIPP KvW©, wWm‡cø †evW©, †nvqvBU †evW©, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, cÖ‡R±i|

c×wZ I †KŠkj: †eªBb ÷wg©s, GKK KvR, gZvgZ msMÖn, †cøbvwi Av‡jvPbv|

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: we`¨vjqwfwËK cÖwk¶Y mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â mevB‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb| cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì wb‡R‡ì we`¨vjq, †kÖwYKÿ I wkLbjvf m¤ú‡K© `yB-wZb wgwbU fve‡Z ejyb I mvg‡b wcQ‡b emv 5/6 †Rvov †_‡K 1Rb K‡i cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì ¯§„wZ †_‡K Zuv‡ì AwfÁZv ej‡Z ejyb| cÖkœ Kiæb: cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Avcbv‡ì mncvwV‡ì mK‡jB Kx mgvbfv‡e wkLbjv‡f mg_© n‡qwQj?

Â we`¨vjq/†kÖYxK¶, wkï, welqe¯‘, wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv I g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© ¯úó aviYv bv _vK‡j cvV`v‡b wK mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i? mK‡ji gZvgZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki“b| mvims‡¶c wn‡m‡e ejyb, cÖwZwU wkïi wbw`©ó †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kiv‡Z n‡j ev cieZ©x cvV`v‡bi cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡j Gme welq Rvbv ìKvi|Gevi ejyb †h, Avgiv `‡j fvM n‡q wba©vwiZ we`¨vj‡q hve Ges cwiKíbv Abymv‡i wewfbœ Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY Kie|

cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj : gv÷vi †UªBbvi I wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i‡ì Rb¨

2

KvR-2: wkï‡ì †hvM¨Zv AR©b bv Kivi KviY wPwýZKiY mgq: 25 wgwbU

wkÿv_©x‡ì wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K wkïiv †Kb †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Zvi KviY ¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â †kÖwYK‡¶ mKj wkïB wK GKBfv‡e wkL‡Z cvi‡Q?

Â †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©xi msL¨v †ewk nIqvUv GKUv KviY e‡j g‡b KivUv Kx hyw³hy³? Avi Kx †Kv‡bv KviY _vK‡Z cv‡i?

Â mKj wkïB wK †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Q?

Â †kÖwYK‡¶ wkï‡ì †hvM¨Zv AR©b bv Kivi KviY Kx n‡Z cv‡i e‡j g‡b K‡ib?

» †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb Ges †nvqvBU †ev‡W© gZvgZ wjwce× Kiyb|

» †cøbvwi‡Z Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|

KvR-3: mKj wkïi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Avgv‡ì KiYxq mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â mKj wkïi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Avgv‡ì KiYxq m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwU/`ywU K‡i c‡q›U ej‡Z ejyb| Gwelq¸‡jvi Ici we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿç‡jv Kx Zv wPwýZ Kiæb|

Â mevB‡K ejyb, Avgv‡ì g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e GKwU †kÖwYK‡ÿ wewfbœ ai‡bi wkÿv_©x Av‡Q Ges wkÿK I wkÿv_©xi Rb¨ 35 wgwbU/45 wgwbU mgq Av‡Q| GB mg‡q cÖwZwU wkï Zvi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡e| ZvB wk¶K‡K Ggbfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e †hb cÖwZwU wkï cvV †_‡K Zvi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx `¶Zv ev †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ GKRb wk¶K hv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv nj †hgb cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi wkLb¯Íi Abymv‡i KvR Ki‡Z †`qv, cÖ‡Z¨K wkLb¯Í‡ii Rb¨ cvwÿK cvV-cwiKíbv Kiv, cvwÿK cwiKíbv Abymv‡i ˆ`wbK cvV-cwiKíbv Kiv, cvwÿKfv‡e g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv Kiv I g~j¨vq‡bi †iKW© ivLv BZ¨vw`|

KvR-4: eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv mgq: 10 wgwbU

mevB‡K †cøbvwi‡Z em‡Z ejyb| ejyb, Avgv‡ì ‹zjwfwËK cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Avgiv hv AR©b Kie Zv n‡jv- Â wkï‡ì Kvi †Kvb wkLb¯Í‡i Ae¯’vb Zv Rvbv

Â wbw`©ó wkLb ¯Íi †_‡K wkï‡K Kvw•¶Z ¯Í‡i GwM‡q wb‡Z Avgv‡ì KiYxq wba©viY

Â M„nxZ c`‡ÿc djcÖm~ Ki‡Z DcKiY ˆZwi I Gi eënvi †KŠkj BZ¨vw`‡Z cwieZ©b Avbv

Â mgq eë¯’vcbvq cwieZ©b Avbv

Â wkLb eë¯’vcbv, †kªwYKÿ eë¯’vcbvq cwieZ©b Avbv|

Â g~j¨vq‡b cwieZ©b wb‡q Avmv

Ic‡ii welq¸‡jvmn Ab¨vb¨ welq Rvbvi gva¨‡g †kÖwYK‡ÿ nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR Kivi AwfÁZv AR©b Kie| Kv‡iv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi e¨vL¨v w`b Ges abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

we`¨vjqwfwËK cÖwk¶‡Yi aviYv

3

g~j¨vqb: mgq: 5 wgwbU

cÖkœ KiæbÑ

y mKj wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi †¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki †Kvb welq¸wj Dcjwä Kiv we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡qvRb?

y mKj wkï †Kb GKBfv‡e wkL‡Z cv‡i bv? G wel‡q Avcbvi c~e© aviYv Kx? G Awa‡ek‡bi c‡i †m aviYv Kx cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q?

¯^-AbywPšÍb » AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ †K †K †ewk K_v e‡j‡Qb Ges †K †K Kg K_v e‡j‡Qb?

» `jxq Kv‡R mK‡jB Kx mgvbfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q?

4

w`b

1Awa‡ekb 3

Avwg Kxfv‡e wkwL?

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR 1 : wkLb m¤úwK©Z aviYv mgq : 10 wgwbU

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì mv‡_ Kzkj I ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiæb|

Â ÒwkLbÓ kãwU †ev‡W© wjLyb Ges cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 1 wgwbU mg‡qi g‡a¨ hv g‡b Av‡m Zv LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â mgq †k‡l †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv ¯úó I †evaMg¨ fvlvq wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â Gevi 6 R‡bi `j ˆZwi K‡i `jMZ fv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKwU mvaviY aviYv wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k c‡o †kvbv‡Z ejyb|

Â `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb †k‡l wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Ki“b I Z_¨ cy¯Í‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wkLb wK Zv e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

KvR-2 : wkLb-mnvqK Dcv`vb¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv mgq : 20 wgwbU

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì wbKU Rvb‡Z Pvb †h, wkLb-mnvqK Dcv`vb ej‡Z Zviv Kx †ev‡Sb| †hgb muvZvi KvUv, Mvb Kiv, mvB‡Kj Pov, KweZv Ave„wË Kiv wKsev Zv‡ì Rxe‡b wewfbœ welq †kLvi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb welqwU mnvqK n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â AZtci jUvwii gva¨‡g RxebvwfÁZv eY©bvi †LjvwU †Ljyb (`ywU cv‡Îi GKwU‡Z AvbyôvwbK I Ab¨ cvÎwU‡Z AbvbyôvwbK wkLb welq wjwLZ †QvU †QvU KvMR ivLv _vK‡e; †hgbÑAvwg Kxfv‡e muvZvi KvUv wk‡LwQ, mvevb w`‡q mwVKfv‡e nvZ †avqv A_ev Kxfv‡e †Lj‡Z wk‡LwQ Gfv‡e Mv‡Q Pov, gvQ aiv, ivbœv Kiv, Kw¤úDUvi Pvjbv BZ¨vw` †jLv KvMR iwÿZ _vK‡e)| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cuvPwU `‡j wef³ Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Zv‡ì †jLv KvMR wb‡q `‡j wb‡R‡ì AwfÁZv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Zv mgš^q K‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i/`jxq LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K GKRb †cv÷vi †ccvi †jLv AwfÁZv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|

Â †cøbvwi‡Z ewY©Z AwfÁZv †_‡K KZ¸‡jv mvaviY welq Zz‡j aiæb, †hgbÑ

» mKj wkLb Kv‡Ri ïiæ‡Z Kv‡iv bv Kv‡iv mnvqZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq; Z‡e GK ch©v‡q gy³fv‡e (Independent) wkLb cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges cwi‡k‡l welqwU m¤ú‡K© ch©vß aviYv jvf m¤¢e nq|

» mKj wkLbKvR c~e©Ávb A_ev c~e© AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g AR©b Kiv hvq (c~e©Ávb ev c~e© AwfÁZv GKwU Dcv`vb)

» wkL‡bi Rb¨ wPšÍv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb nq (AbywPšÍb GKwU Dcv`vb)

» cwic~Y© wkL‡bi Rb¨ evievi Abykxj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq (Abykxjb GKwU Dcv`vb)

Avwg Kxfv‡e wkwL?

5

» Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g `ªæZ Ges fv‡jvfv‡e †kLv hvq Ges Zv ¯’vqx nq (KvR Kiv GKwU Dcv`vb)

» wkL‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ AvMÖn I cÖ‡PóvI mgwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU Dcv`vb|

Â Z_¨ cy Í‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi gva¨‡g wkL‡bi Dcv`vb cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì wbKU cwi®‹vi Kiæb|

KvR-3: wkL‡bi mvaviY êwkó¨mg~n mgq: 10 wgwbU

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì wbKU wR‡Ám Kiæb Kx Kvi‡Y wkL‡b P¨v‡jÄ m„wó nq? Pvi-cuvPR‡bi gZvgZ ïbyb| (†hgb: 1. AwfÁZvi NvUwZ 2. mnvqZvi NvUwZ 3. wkÿYÁv‡bi NvUwZ 4. Av_©mvgvwRK cÖwZK‚jZv Ges 5. wkLb Pvwn`vi Afve 6. wkL‡bi welqe¯‘i cÖ‡qvRbxq Z‡_ï Afve BZ¨vw`)

Â Avevi GKBfv‡e wb‡R †kLvi ev KvR Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZg~jK A‡bK KvR Ab¨ Kv‡iv mvnv‡h¨ †hgb wkÿK, Rvbv‡kvbv e¨w³ ev †idv‡iÝ eB‡qi mvnv‡h¨ Ki‡Z nq|

Â †ev‡W© wb‡Pi `yBwU cÖkœ wjLyb

» wkLb Kv‡R Avcbv‡K †Kvb welqwU mnvqZv K‡i Ges †Kvb welq¸‡jv wb‡q P¨v‡jÄ Gi m¤§yLxb nb?

» wkL‡b wkÿ‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv KZUzKz?

Â `‡j cÖkœ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv K‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i/`jxq LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb| AZtci †cv÷vi †ccvi †`qv‡j Dchy³ ¯’v‡b UvwO‡q w`b| †cøbvwi‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji gZvgZ wbb|

Â cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì wbKU wkL‡bi êwkó¨ my¯úó Kiæb|

KvR-4: wkLb ÷vBj mgq: 15 wgwbU

Â G ch©v‡q †WwfW †Kvj‡ei (1982) wkLb cÖwµqvi `„k¨gq g‡Wj Ges nvIqvW© MvW©bv‡ii eûgyLx wkLbZË¡ Abykxjb wel‡q n¨vÛ AvDU w`b| n¨vÛ AvDU covi ci †Kvje I MvW©bv‡ii ZË¡ Kxfv‡e †kÖYxK‡¶ eënvi Kiv hvq Zv wbR AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| GKwU `j Aci `j‡K wbgœwjwLZ cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g wbR `‡ji AwfÁZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb Ges mgš^q Ki‡eb

» †WwfW †Kvje ZË¡ Kxfv‡e cvV cwiKíbvi AšÍfy©³ Kiv hvq?

» nvIqvW© MvW©bv‡ii eûgyLx wkLbZË¡ Kxfv‡e †kÖYxK‡¶ AbykxjbKiv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

» wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv I wkLb ÷vBj‡K Kxfv‡e we`¨vj‡q wkï-wkÿv_©xi wkL‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Kiv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

KvR-5: wkL‡bi Dcv`vb I ÷vBjGi Av‡jv‡K cvV Dc¯’vcb mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cvuPwU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv eB w`b|

Â eB †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv cvV wb‡q Zv‡Z c~e© AwfÁZv, AbywPšÍb, Abykxjb I KvR Kivi my‡hvM †i‡L nvIqvW© MvW©bv‡ii eûgyLx wkLbZ‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K GKwU cvV cwiKíbv wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â cvV cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K wmgy‡jkb Gi gva¨‡g cÖ`k©b cv‡Vi eë¯’v Ki“b|


6

Â cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Ki“b|

Â cy‡iv Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿc Av‡jvPbv K‡i mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb mgvwß †NvlYv Kiæb|

g~j¨vqb mgq: 5 wgwbU

we`¨vj‡qi AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K wbgœwjwLZ cÖkœ †ev‡W© wjLyb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì DËi w`‡Z ejyb:

y wkLb msnZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î †Kvj‡ei ZË¡ Kxfv‡e wkÿK‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i?

y wkLb m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© aviYv jvf Qvov fv‡jv wkÿK nIqv hvq bv, c‡ÿ hyw³ w`b|

¯^-AbywPšÍbcÖwkÿK wb‡Ri Ges cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì D‡Ï‡k ivLv wbgœwjwLZ cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K wkLb AwfÁZv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiæb

» Avwg Kxfv‡e †Kv‡bv wel‡q cwic~Y© aviYv jvf K‡iwQ|

» Avwg wK Kv‡iv mvnvh¨ Qvov Kw¤úDUv‡i †Mg †Lj‡Z cvie? Kxfv‡e Zv m¤¢e?

77

w`b

1Awa‡ekb 4

gy³ wkLb

g~jfve: wkÿv_©x‡K ¯^vaxbZv bv w`‡j Zvi wkLb cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i bv| AvbyôvwbKfv‡e A_©vr we`¨vj‡q wkÿvjv‡fi †ÿ‡Î g‡b Kiv nq wkÿv_©x wkÿ‡Ki cÖZ¨ÿ Ges cwic~Y© wbqš¿‡Y cÖK…Z wkÿv jvf K‡i _v‡K| wewfbœ M‡elYvq G aviYvwU fyj cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b wkLb jv‡fi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡ì ¯^vaxbfv‡e PP©v Kivi my‡hvM †`qvi welqwU‡K cÖf~Z ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q _v‡K| GgbwK wkï wkÿv_©xi †ÿ‡ÎI G K_v me©vs‡k cÖ‡hvR¨| gy³ wkL‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv wkÿv_©x‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkLb jv‡fi my‡hvM †`qv| Z‡e ¯^vaxbfv‡e †kLvi †ÿ‡ÎI wkÿK, mncvVx A_ev Ávbevb Kv‡iv mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| mncvVx, evev-gv, wkÿK Ges Ab¨vb¨ Rvbv‡kvbv e¨w³i mvnv‡h¨ wkÿv_©x Zvi wkL‡b cwic~Y©Zv wb‡q Avm‡e| wkÿK‡K Aek¨ Rvb‡Z n‡e Kxfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e †kLvi my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e| G Awa‡ek‡b †m welqwU Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wkLbdj: G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMYÑ

1. AvbyôvwbK Ges AbvbyôvwbK Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB gy³fv‡e wkL‡bi †KŠkj I †ÿÎ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. gy³ wkL‡bi êwkó¨, cÖwµqv Ges myweav e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. gy³ wkL‡b wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges †kÖwYK‡ÿ Kxfv‡e ev¯Íevqb Ki‡eb Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|


mnvqK mvgMÖx: j¨vcUc/Kw¤úDUvi, gvwëwgwWqv, KvMR, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, B›Uvi‡bU|

c×wZ I †KŠkj: †eªBb ÷wg©s, `jxq KvR, †Rvovq KvR, Dc¯’vcb, B›Uvi‡b‡Ui eënvi, Z_¨ Ges wfwWI WvDb‡jvwWs, cÖkœ DËi c×wZ BZ¨vw`|

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: wkLb m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì c~e© AwfÁZv Rvbv mgq: 10 wgwbU

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖkœ Kiæb Zv‡ì wb‡R wb‡R †Kv‡bv wKQy †kLvi †Kv‡bv AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q wK bv? AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AwfÁZv¸‡jv‡K GKR‡bi mnvqZvq †ev‡W© wjLyb|

Â Gevi cÖkœ Kiæb, †gvevBj †dv‡bi eënvi wK wb‡R wb‡R †kLv hvq? Gi DË‡ii Rb¨ †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z w`b| cÖ‡Z¨K †Rvov Av‡iK †Rvovi mv‡_ wb‡R‡ì AwfÁZv wewbgq K‡i ms‡ÿ‡c Zv‡ì AwfÁZv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â G ch©v‡q AvbyôvwbK Ges AbvbyôvwbK †h‡Kv‡bv ch©v‡qB wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKRb e¨w³i f~wgKv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| ejyb †h‡Kv‡bv wKQz †kLvi Rb¨ wkÿK ev Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv Rvbv‡kvbv e¨w³i Ici m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbf©i Kivi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB| GgbwK wkïiv wb‡RivB Zv‡ì wkLb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Kxfv‡e Zv D`vniY w`‡q Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 2/1 R‡bi AwfÁZv ï‡b mK‡ji Kv‡Q Zz‡j aiæb|


8

KvR-2: gy³ wkLb Gi Ici Av‡jvPbv mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â Ògy³wkLbÓ kãwU †ev‡W© wjLyb Ges cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 1 wgwbU mg‡qi g‡a¨ hv g‡b Av‡m Zv LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb| mgq †k‡l †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv ¯úó I †evaMg¨ fvlvq wjL‡Z ejyb| wjLv †k‡l Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb I me‡k‡l Z_¨c‡Îi Av‡jv‡K mvims‡¶c Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 6 wU `‡j fvM Ki“b I `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡Pi cÖkœ ¸‡jvi DËi wjL‡Z ejybÑ

» Avcwb gy³fv‡e wkL‡bi Rb¨ QvÎQvÎx‡ì Kxfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb Zv eY©bv Kiæb|

» gy³fv‡e wkL‡bi cÖwµqv Kx nIqv DwPZ, G wel‡q Avcbvi gZvgZ w`b|

» gy³fv‡e wkL‡bi myweav¸‡jv Kx?

» gy³fv‡e wkLb Avcwb Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb?

Â †jLv †k‡l jxq Kv‡R Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb I †cøbvwi‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z jxq KvR Dbœq‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv w`b|

KvR-3: gy³ wkL‡bi Av‡jv‡K cvV Dc¯’vcb mgq: 35 wgwbU

Â cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv/Bs‡iwR wel‡qi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU cvV †_‡K Qwe †`wL‡q Qwei welqe¯‘ wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡Z ejyb| Zvici Qwei welqe¯‘ LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb I †jLv †k‡l mevi D‡Ï‡k Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Gevi cÖkœ Ki“bÑ

» GLv‡b Avcbviv wK wK K‡i‡Qb?

» wK wK KvR GKK ev gy³fv‡e K‡i‡Qb?

» G Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkLb n‡q‡Q wKbv?

Â Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ejyb †h, wkï †KvbI wKQy eyS‡Z, Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z I wPšÍv Ki‡Z gy³fv‡e KvR K‡i| ïay ZvB bq, †kvbv, ejv, cov I †jLvI wkï gy³fv‡e K‡i| ZvB †kÖYxK‡¶ wkï‡K gy³fv‡e wkL‡bi my‡hvM †`qv LyeB ìKvi| gy³ wkL‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv wkÿv_©x‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkLb jv‡fi my‡hvM †`qv| Z‡e G †ÿ‡ÎI ïi“‡Z wkÿK, mncvVx A_ev Ávbevb Kv‡iv mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq|

Â Gevi 2/1 Rb AskMÖnYKvix‡K gy³ wkL‡bi cÖwµqv eënvi K‡i wmgy‡jkb Gi gva¨‡g cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| Dc¯’vcb †k‡l wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Ki“b|

Â mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|


y cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q †kÖwYK‡ÿ gy³ wkL‡bi PP©v †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©? GKK gZvgZ wbb|

gy³ wkLb

9

¯^-AbywPšÍb » A`¨Kvi cvV KZUzKz djcÖm~ n‡q‡Q Zv Abyaveb Kiv|

» wkÿv_©xiv ¯^wkÿ‡Yi wel‡q BwZevPK wPšÍv K‡i‡Q wK bv Zv wb‡R wb‡R g~j¨vqb Kiv|

10

Awa‡ekb 1 w`b

2

we`¨vjqwfwËK †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv

g~jfve: Avgv‡ì KvR n‡e wkï‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vb (wkLb¯Íi) †Kv_vq Zv Rvbv| G Rb¨ cÖwZwU wkï‡K Avjv`vfv‡e g~j¨vqb K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e| wkïi g~j¨vq‡bi c~‡e© wk¶K I wkï‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© Dbœqb Kiv Avek¨K, hv‡Z fxwZnxb Ae¯’vq wkÿv_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb mv‡f© Kiv hvq| myZivs Kxfv‡e †eBmjvBb mv‡f© Ki‡Z n‡e Zv GB cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Rvbv hv‡e|


1. we`¨vjq wM‡q Kxfv‡e †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi KvR ïiy Ki‡eb Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. we`¨vj‡q wM‡q wkï I wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úK© Dbœqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. we`¨vj‡qi Ges wkïi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


mnvqK mvgMÖx: †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb di‡gU, Uzjm, evsjv I MwYZ cvV¨ eB, Z_¨cÎ BZ¨vw`|

c×wZ/†KŠkj: †eªBb ÷wg©s, Dc¯’vcb, †cøbvwi, djveZ©b|

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: we`¨vj‡q wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ wkï‡ì m¤ú‡K©vbœqb mgq: 10 wgwbU

wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_ ï‡f”Qv wewbgq I RoZvgy³ Kiyb| eZ©gvb Awa‡ek‡bi Av‡jvP¨ welq cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì AewnZKi‡Yi Rb¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiyb| A_©vr Avgiv we`¨vj‡q wM‡q Kx Kie? Kx Kx Z_¨ msMÖn Kie Ges wkï I wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ Kxfv‡e fxwZnxb cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kie Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|

KvR-2: †eBmjvBb di‡gU I Uzjm cov mgq: 50 wgwbU

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cuvPwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K evsjv I MwYZ wel‡q GK †mU K‡i Uzjm, evsjv I MwY‡Zi g~j¨vqb di‡gU, †eBmjvBb wb‡`©wkKv w`b| `‡j e‡m wb‡`©wkKv AbymiY K‡i co‡Z ejyb| Avcwb Ny‡i Ny‡i `‡ji KvR cÖZ¨ÿ Kiæb| Kv‡iv eyS‡Z Amyweav _vK‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i eywS‡q w`b|

KvR-3: †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ we`¨vj‡q †kÖwYwfwËK `vwqZ¡ eÈb mgq: 25 wgwbU

we`¨vj‡q wM‡q Kx Kx Rvb‡Z n‡e Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb| †hgbÑwkÿ‡Ki bvg, †kªwY, kvLv, wkï wkÿv_©xi msL¨v I bvg BZ¨vw`| ejyb †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb ïiy Kivi Av‡M we`¨vj‡q wM‡q wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ wgwUs Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †kÖwYK‡ÿ wM‡q wkï wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_ wg‡j Zv‡ì Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY Kiæb| m‡e©vcwi †K †Kvb †kªwY‡Z KvR Ki‡eb Zv we`¨vj‡q wM‡q wb‡RivB wVK K‡i †b‡eb| G wel‡q Kv‡iv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi DËi w`b| mevB‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

we`¨vjqwfwËK †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv

11


cÖkœ KiæbÑ

y cÖwk¶Y we`¨vj‡q †eBmjvBb mv‡f© Kivi mgq Kx Kx wel‡qi cÖwZ j¶ ivL‡Z nq?

y wkï‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK© Dbœq‡b Avcwb Kx Ki‡eb?

¯^AbywPšÍb » `jxq Kv‡R mK‡jB Kx mgvbfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q?

» Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvq Avcwb mš‘ó Kx?

» evav¸‡jv DËi‡Yi Rb¨ cieZ©x cwiKíbv wbb|

12

Awa‡ekb 2 w`b

2

we`¨vjq wfwËK Kv‡Ri Dci cÖwZdjbg~jK Av‡jvPbv

wkLbdj : GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

1. we`¨vjq wfwËK evsjv wel‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i, AskMÖnYKvixMY Zv‡ì AwfÁZv †kqvi Ki‡Z I ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 30 wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj: Av‡jvPbv cÖ‡kœvËi

mnvqK mvgMÖx: †cv÷vi †ccvi, KvMR, gvK©vi

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY:

KvR-1: we`¨vjqwfwËK Kv‡Ri Dci cÖwZdjbg~jK Av‡jvPbv mgq 30wgwbU

Â we`¨vjqwfwËK wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vq‡bi †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ª wd‡i Avmvi ci Zv‡ì ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Avmb MÖnY Ki‡Z ejyb| we`¨vjqwfwËK †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ Ki“b Gfv‡e-

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K wR‡Ám Ki“b Zviv we`¨vj‡q †eBmjvBb di‡g‡Ui eënviwewa AbymiY K‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv ?

Â KZR‡bi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb?

Â g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z wM‡q †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨v n‡q‡Q wK bv?

Â g~j¨vqb Kivi ci †h djvdj †c‡q‡Qb Zvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Zuv‡ì Abyf~wZ Kx?

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi c¶ †_‡K cÖvß DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W©/wd¬cPv‡U© GKRb AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K wjL‡Z ejyb| G¶¶‡Î GKB DËi evi evi cybive…wË n‡j †mwU cybivq bv wj‡L e¨wZµgx DËi¸‡jv wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ wR‡Ám Ki“b g~j¨vq‡bi Z_¨ Abyhvqx Avcbvi g~j¨vqbK…Z me wk¶v_©x wK GKB cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Av‡Q?

Â mevi DËi †kvbvi ci Avcwb Avcbvi gZvgZ †hvM Ki“b Gfv‡e- †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, cÖwZwU we`¨vj‡qi cÖ‡Z¨K †kÖwY‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡a¨ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| A_©vr cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©xi wkLb Pvwn`v, wkL‡bi †gavi wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| myZivs cÖwk¶‡Yi g~j j¶¨ n‡jv, cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi wkLb Pvwn`vi wfbœZv‡K we‡ePbvq †i‡L Zv‡ì Rb¨ wkLb cwiKíbv Kiv|

13

w`b

2Awa‡ekb 3

13

we`¨vjqwfwËK †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiwPwZ

g~jfve: wkï‡ì wkLb¯Íi/cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx cvV`vb Kiv n‡j wkïiv Zv‡ì wb‡Ri cvVMZ Ae¯’vb †_‡K †kLvi my‡hvM cvq Ges wkL‡b mwµq AskMÖnY K‡i| Kv‡RB †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖwZwU wkï‡K Zvi wkLb ¯Íi Abyhvqx cvV`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| G Rb¨ wkÿv_©x wkÿKMY Dchy³ †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Uzjm eënvi K‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb¯Íi/cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wba©viY Ki‡eb| G Awa‡ek‡b †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wkLbdj: GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

1. we`¨vj‡q wM‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì mv‡_ mnR m¤úK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ;

2. wk¶v_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj: nv‡Z Kj‡g wk¶v_©x g~j¨vqb

mnvqK mvgMÖx: g~j¨vqb di‡gU, Uyjm


KvR-1: wk¶v_©x‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© ˆZwi mgq 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY Av‡Mi w`bB †R‡b hv‡eb †K †Kvb ¯‹y‡j hv‡eb| Zuviv mivmwi ¯‹y‡j P‡j hv‡eb Ges c~e©eZ©x Awa‡ek‡bi wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx ‹y‡j wM‡q wVK K‡i wb‡eb †K †Kvb †kÖwYi †Kvb kvLvi wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

Â wbw`©ó ¯‹y‡ji cÖavb wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq KvRwU Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Gici wbw`©ó †kÖwY‡Z Xy‡K wk¶K I wk¶v_©x‡ì mv‡_ ï‡f”Qv I Kykj wewbgq Ki“b| wk¶v_©x‡ì Kv‡Q wM‡q Zv‡ì mv‡_ K_v ejyb| Zviv †Kv_vq _v‡K, evwo‡Z †K †K Av‡Qb? evev, gv Kx K‡ib? BZ¨vw`|

Â wk¶v_©x‡ì ejyb, Avcbviv Kx KvR Ki‡Z Zv‡ì Kv‡Q G‡m‡Qb, Z‡e cix¶v wb‡Z G‡m‡Qb GK_v †Kv‡bvfv‡e †evSv‡eb bv, Zv‡Z Zviv fq †c‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e Avcbvi wbR¯^ eënvi w`‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì‡K mnR K‡i wbb|

KvR-2: wk¶v_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb mgq 60 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K Av‡Mi w`bB e‡j ivL‡eb Kxfv‡e †kÖwY wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq †kÖwYK¶ GKwU myweavgZ RvqMv wbw`©ó K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| †kÖwY wk¶K‡K ejyb, Avcwb Avcbvi g‡Zv evsjv wel‡q cvV`vb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z _vKyb|

Â Gevi Avcwb myweavg‡Zv 1 Rb/ 2 Rb/ 4 R‡bi `j wb‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb ïi“ Ki“b| †h wk¶v_©xi g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb cÖ_‡g Zvi bvg, †ivj b¤î g~j¨vqb di‡g‡U wjLyb| Gici Zvi evsjv wiwWs g~j¨vqb Ki“b Ges cieZ©x avc AbymiY Ki“b| †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x‡ì msL¨v Abyhvqx 2/3 Rb AskMÖnYKvix 40 wgwb‡U H †kÖwYi A‡a©K wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

Â H w`‡bi g~j¨vqb †k‡l cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ª wd‡i Avmyb|

14

Awa‡ekb 4 w`b

2

mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb

g~jfve: eZ©gv‡b G mZ¨ cÖwZwôZ †h, wkÿY I wkLb GKwU mvgvwRK cÖwµqv we‡kl| c~‡e© aviYv Kiv n‡Zv, wkLb GKRb e¨w³i Ávbmvabv gvÎ, wKš‘ G aviYv GLb cwiewZ©Z n‡q †M‡Q| GLb ejv n‡”Q †h, Ôlearning has been reconceptualized from an additive process characterized by an individual’s acquisition of knowledge to a socially-enabled developmental processÕ| mgvRkw³ AvnwiZ Dbœqb cÖwµqvi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e wkLb ev wkL‡bi KvR (wkÿY) e¨w³i GKK Abya¨vb n‡Z cv‡i bv| mvgvwRK mn‡hvwMZv cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv Ávb I `ÿZv AR©b K‡iB ¯^vej¤^x nq Ges ZLbB Zviv ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs mKj ch©v‡q wkÿv_©x‡`i wkL‡b mn‡hvwMZv Acwinvh©| wkÿv_©xi cÖ‡qvRbxq G mn‡hvwMZv we‡klÁ ev ÁvZ e¨w³eM© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †hgbÑwkÿK, wUDUwiqvj `j, †Rvov ev mncvVx `j ev †mBme e¨w³, hviv mg‡eZfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z mÿg Ges KvR¸‡jv n‡”Q `‡j KvR Kiv, Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY, mvÿvrKvi MÖnY, mg‡eZ Mvb BZ¨vw`| d‡j G c×wZ‡Z AwaK wk¶v_©x wk¶‡Ki Rb¨ †evSv bv n‡q m¤ú` nq| KviY wk¶K AwaK msL¨K wewfbœ wk¶v_©x Ávb I AwfÁZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q †kÖYxK‡¶ mK‡ji wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|


1. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb Kxfv‡e wkLb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡b wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

4. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †kÖwYK‡ÿ ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿÎ I myweav¸‡jv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj: †eªBb ÷wg©s, GKK KvR/`jxq KvR, Dc¯’vcb, †cøbvwi, djveZ©b|

mnvqK mvgMÖx: n¨vÛ AvDU, †cv÷vi †ccvi, wWm‡cø †evW©, gvK©vi, mvBb †cb, †evW©, j¨vcUc/gvwëwgwWqv, wfRyqvjvBRvi|

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi aviYv Av‡jvPbv mgq: 60 wgwbU


Â Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wk¶v_©xi f~wgKvq Awfbq Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv/Bs‡iwR wel‡qi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU cvV †_‡K Qwe †`wL‡q Qwei welqe¯‘i m¤ú‡K© wPšÍv Kivi mgq w`b| Gici mncvVxi mv‡_ †Rvovq Qwei welqe¯‘ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb| Av‡jvPbvi mgq Avcwb Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡eb †h, wk¶v_©xiv wVKgZ welqe¯‘ eyS‡Z cvi‡Q wK bv| cieZ©x‡Z wKQy wk¶v_©x‡K †W‡K cy‡iv K¬vm Gi mvg‡b welqwU ej‡Z ejyb| cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l †KvbI fyj aviYv _vK‡j Zv wVK K‡i w`b|

mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb

15

Â cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l mK‡ji KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z Pvb, G cv‡V wK wK †KŠkj eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q? mK‡ji DËi ï‡b mvims‡¶c fv‡e mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi msÁv w`b|

Â wmgy¨‡jk‡bi Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 5wU `‡j fvM Kiæb|

Â `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi Avgvi evsjv eB‡qi Kzu‡Rveywoi Mí Gi Abykxjbx †_‡K 1 †_‡K 6bs KvR cÖ‡Z¨K‡K c„_K c„_K fv‡e eywS‡q w`b Ges wb‡R wb‡R KvRwU Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â KvR †k‡l `‡ji Ab¨‡ì mvg‡b Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â AZtci GKB Kv‡Ri wkÿv_©x‡ì GKÎ K‡i wfbœ wfbœ `j MVb Kiæb|

Â `‡j Zv‡ì KvR wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Av‡jvPbv †k‡l c~‡e©i `‡j wd‡i †h‡Z ejyb Ges KvR / welq m¤ú‡K© aviYv ¯úó Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|

Â Zv‡ì g~j`‡j wd‡i wM‡q mK‡ji mv‡_ welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i aviYv ¯úó Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â wmgy¨‡jkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wR‡Ám Kiæb,

» GLv‡b wkÿv_©xiv wfbœ wfbœ AwfÁZv I †gav Kv‡R jvwM‡q wkL‡Z †c‡i‡Q wK bv

» GLv‡b Aí mg‡q AwaK msL¨K KvR Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q wK bv

» GK Ac‡ii mnvqZvq wkL‡Z †c‡i‡Q wK bv

Â DË‡ii Av‡jv‡K mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi myweav I Amyweav Zz‡j aiæb

Â me †k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ga¨ †_‡K GKRb‡K wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKvq †_‡K c~‡e©i wbq‡g cvV cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb Gi myweav Kx †m m¤ú‡K© `yB-wZb wgwbU Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| ejyb: mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb Ggb GKwU cwiw¯’wZ‡Z m¤¢e, †hLv‡b `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ wkLb Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nb ev wkL‡b AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib| G wkL‡b e¨w³ G‡K Ac‡ii Ávb, `ÿZv, m¤ú`, Z_¨, aviYv, Av‡jvPbv, g~j¨vqb I cwiexÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g ci¯úi mg„× nb| Ggb GKwU wkLb cwi‡e‡k mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb nq, †hLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨‡K cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Ici wbf©iZv I `vqe×Zvi eÜ‡b Ave× _v‡Kb|

KvR 2- mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi Dci cvV Dc¯’vcb mgq: 25 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 5 wU `‡j fvM Ki“b|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki ÒivRv I Zuvi 3 Kb¨vÓ MíwUi Dci mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi Av‡jv‡K cvV cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Dc¯’vcb †k‡l wdWe¨vK w`‡q ejyb †h `‡j cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki AwfÁZv, wPšÍv, eyw× w`‡q †h †Kvb mgm¨v/Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡Z¨‡KB gZvgZ w`‡Z cv‡i| G Abykxjb †_‡K wkÿv_©xiv Av¯’vevb nq, wkL‡b Drmvnx nq Ges wkLb ¯’vqx nq| ZvB cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿ‡KiB Zuvi K¬v‡m mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb PP©v Kiv DwPr|

16


g~j¨vqb mgq 5 wgwbU

cÖkœ:

y mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb ej‡Z Kx †ev‡Sb?

y mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi ˆewkó¨ Kx?

y mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi myweav Kx?

y mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡b wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv Kx?

¯^-AbywPšÍb cÖwkÿK wb‡Ri Ges wkÿv_©x‡`i D‡Ï‡k ivLv wbgœwjwLZ cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K wb‡gœi wkLb AwfÁZv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiæb:

» Avwg Kxfv‡e †Kv‡bv wel‡q cwic~Y© aviYv jvf K‡iwQ|

» mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb I GKK wkLbÑG `ywUi g‡a¨ wkÿK wn‡m‡e Avwg †KvbwU‡K †e‡Q †be?

17

w`b

2Awa‡ekb 5

17

wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv

g~jfve : wfbœ wfbœ gvÎvi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ wkï‡ì wkL‡b cvV¨ welqe¯‘ AvqËKiY, wkÿY cÖwµqvKiY, Ávb wewbg©vY A_ev ZË¡MZ aviYv msMV‡b ^Zš¿ †kªwY eë¯’vcbvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GKB †kªwYK‡ÿ wfbœ wfbœ †gav¯Í‡ii I †hvM¨Zv¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x _vKvq Zv‡ì Rb¨ wkLb Pvwn`v c~i‡Y ¯^Zš¿ wkLb-†KŠkj I wk‡ÿvcKiY cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq Ges Gfv‡e wkLb †hvM¨Zv, wbwe©‡k‡l mKj wkÿv_©xi Kvh©Ki wkLb mywbwðZ Kiv nq|

wkLbdj : G Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ

1. wfbœ gvÎvi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. wfbœ gvÎvi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡ì wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. †kªwYK‡ÿ wfbœ gvÎvi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v wbwðZKi‡Y wkÿY c×wZ I cÖwµqv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

4. wfbœ gvÎvi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj : †eªBb ÷wg©s, GKK KvR, `jxq KvR, Dc¯’vcb, †cøbvwi, djveZ©b|

mnvqK mgvMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi, wWm‡cø †evW©, gvK©vi, mvBb †cb, †evW©, j¨vcUc, cÖ‡R±i|

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1 : wkÿv_©xi wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv mgq : 20 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mv‡_ Kzkj I ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiæb Ges wkLbdjmg~n AewnZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi cÖ_g KvR ïiæ Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Rvovq †Rvovq we`¨vj‡q †kªwY ch©‡eÿ‡Yi AwfÁZvi K_v ¯§iY Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖkœ Kiæb, mKj wkïi wkLb ¯Íi Ges wkLb Pvwn`v GKB iKg wK bv|

Â hw` mKjwkïi wkLb ¯Íi Ges wkLb Pvwn`v GKB iKg bv nq Zvn‡j eZ©gv‡b wkÿKe„›` †hfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb Zv Kx wVK?

Â wVK bv n‡j Zvi NvUwZ ev Dbœq‡bi †ÿÎ †Kv_vq Ges †Kb? G¸‡jv LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb †jLv †k‡l Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â G ch©v‡q eo `‡j cÖkœ Ki“b Kx fv‡e cvV w`‡j wfbœ gvÎvi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb wbwðZ Kiv hv‡e ?

Â G m¤úwK©Z aviYvmg~n wb‡R‡ì AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvPbv K‡i `‡j KvM‡R/†cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb|

18


Â wjwLZ e³‡eï wfwË‡Z `jxq KvR¸‡jv †cøbvwi‡Z mgš^q Kiæb I Zvi Av‡jv‡K wfbœgvÎvi wkLb Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki“b

KvR-2: †kªwYK‡ÿ wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb wbwðZKiY mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â Avcwb ejyb, c~e©eZ©x Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| G ch©v‡q wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb wbwðZKi‡Y wkÿY c×wZ I wkLb cÖwµqv welqK Z_¨cÎ w`b| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i Z_¨c‡Îi Av‡jv‡K Ges c~e© AwfÁZvi wbwi‡L wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb ¯Íi I wkLb Pvwn`v wbY©q K‡i cvV cwiPvjbvi †KŠkjmg~n †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â †cøbvwi‡Z `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Av‡jvPbv K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

KvR-3: wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv mgq: 20 wgwbU

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GKRb fv‡jv wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva Kxfv‡e wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R mnvqZv K‡i Zv wPšÍv K‡i e³e¨ †ck Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cuvPwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKwU mvaviY ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â †cøbvwi‡Z Av‡jvPbv K‡i wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cwi®‹vi aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiæb|

KvR-4: wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKvi Dci cvV Dc ’vcb mgq: 25 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 5 wU `‡j fvM Ki“b|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Dci wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKvi Av‡jv‡K cvV cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cwiKíbvq wkLb ÷vBj (†`‡L †kLv, ï‡b †kLv I K‡i †kLv) I wkLb Pvwn`vi wfbœZvq wk¶‡Ki KiYxq D‡jøL Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Dc¯’vcb †k‡l wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Ki“b|

Â abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Kiæb|


wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K A_ev wb‡R wfbœ c×wZ I †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i g~j¨vqb Kiæb|

y ÒwkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©xÓ welqwU e¨vL¨v Kiæb?

y Kx c×wZ I †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i mKj wkÿv_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kiv hvq?

y mKj wkÿv_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡Z wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv Kx?

wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv

19

¯^-AbywPšÍb » g‡b K‡i †`Lyb, KZRb AskMÖnYKvix Avcbv‡K cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb| huviv K‡ibwb Zuviv †Kb K‡ibwb, †m welqwU Dcjwä Kivi †Póv Kiyb|

» ‡j KvR Kivi mgq hviv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e wbw®Œq Zuv‡ì Kxfv‡e mwµq Kiv †hZ e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib|

» AvR‡Ki Awa‡ekbwU cwiKíbv I cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î MVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i aviYv¸‡jv KZUzKz cÖwZdjb Kiv wM‡q‡Q Zv we‡kølY Kiyb|

a we. `ª. Awa‡ekb †k‡l we`¨vjqwfwËK †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Uyjm, dig¨vU I †kÖwYKiY QK mieivn Ki“b Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b eywS‡q w`b hv‡Z AskMÖnYKvixMY cieZ©x w`b we`¨vj‡q wM‡q Zv eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

20

Awa‡ekb 1 w`b

3

2020

we`¨vjqwfwËK evsjv wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv

g~jfve :


1. we`¨vj‡q wM‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì mv‡_ mnR m¤úK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

2. wk¶v_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 45 wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj : nv‡Z Kj‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb

mnvqK mvgMÖx : g~j¨vqb Uyjm, di‡gU

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY :

KvR-1: nv‡Z Kj‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb mgq 40 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY Av‡Mi w`bB †R‡b hv‡eb †K †Kvb ¯‹y‡j hv‡eb| Zuviv mivmwi ¯‹y‡j P‡j hv‡eb| ¯‹y‡j wM‡q †kÖwY wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq †kÖwYK‡¶i GKwU myweavg‡Zv RvqMvq e‡m †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb ïi“ Ki“b

Av‡Mi g‡Zv †h wk¶v_©xi g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb cÖ_‡g Zvi bvg, †ivj b¤î g~j¨vqb di‡g‡U wjLyb| Gici Zvi evsjv wiwWs g~j¨vqb Ki“b Zvici cieZ©x avc AbymiY Ki“b| †kÖwY wk¶v_©x‡ì msL¨v Abyhvqx MZKv‡ji 2/3 Rb AskMÖnYKvix 40 wgwb‡U H GKB †kÖwYi evwK A‡a©K wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

Â H w`‡bi g~j¨vqb †k‡l cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ª wd‡i Avmyb|

21

w`b

3Awa‡ekb 2

21

†kÖwYwfwËK cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi evsjv wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb djvdj we‡kølY, †kÖwYKiY I Dc¯’vcb|wkLbdj: GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

1. †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb di‡g‡U msM„nxZ wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z, cÖwZ †kÖwY‡Z Aew¯’Z cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©xi evsjv wel‡qi cÖv_wgK cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

2. we‡køwlZ †eBmjvBb djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 50 wgwbUc×wZ I †KŠkj : †QvU`jxq KvR, Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, †cøbvwi Av‡jvPbvmnvqK mvgMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mvBb‡cb, Z_¨cÎ

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY :KvR- 1 : wk¶v_©x‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Kiv mgq 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïi“ Ki“b| Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb Avcbviv mevB g~j¨vqb Uyjm eënvi K‡i nv‡Z Kj‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb| we`¨vj‡q Kiv g~j¨vqb djvdj Abyhvqx †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wk¶v_©x mvejxjfv‡e wiwWs c‡o, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wk¶v_©xi wiwWs co‡Z wk¶‡Ki mnvqZv jv‡M Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wk¶v_©x GKev‡iB wiwWs co‡Z cv‡i bv, G Qvov wKQy wk¶v_©x eY© ev kãI †P‡b bv|

Â wk¶v_©x‡ì Gme Z_¨ Avcbviv Avcbv‡ì nv‡Zi wba©vwiZ di‡g‡U msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| Avcbviv †QvU`‡j GB djvdj¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki‡eb Ges †kÖwYwfwËK wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx †kÖwYKiY Ki‡eb, A_©vr wk¶v_©xiv Zv‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †kÖwYi eB co‡Z ev wjL‡Z cv‡i wK bv ev eY© ev kã co‡Z cv‡i wK bv, G mg¯Í Z‡_ï Dci wfwË K‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì wewfbœ `‡j fvM Ki‡eb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi g‡a¨ huviv GKB we`¨vj‡q Ges GKB †kÖwY‡Z g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì GKB `‡j em‡Z ejyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY we`¨vjq Abyhvqx 4/5wU `‡j e‡m H we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vq‡b cvIqv djvdj¸‡jv wkLbm Ívi Abyhvqx fvM Ki‡eb

Â †h di‡gU ev Q‡K we‡kølYK…Z djvdj Zyj‡Z n‡e Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡ì eywS‡q w`b Ges Z_¨cÎ Gi Av‡jv‡K †cv÷vi †ccv‡i Gu‡K Zv Sywj‡q w`b|

KvR 2 : we‡kølY I †kÖwYK…Z †eBmjvBb djvdj Dc¯’vcb mgq 20 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì eo ‡j wdwi‡q Avbyb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K j‡K Zv‡ì jxq KvR Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| jxq KvR Dc ’vc‡bi mgq Ab¨`‡ji †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Av‡Q wK bv ev †Kv‡bv ms‡hvRb Av‡Q wK bv Zv wR‡Ám Ki“b Ges h_vh_ Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb cÖwk¶‡Yi g~j êwkó¨ n‡jv †h, †kÖwY cwiPvjbvq wKQy †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi m¯Ívi Abyhvqx wkLb wbwðZ Kiv| Kv‡iv cÖkœ Av‡Q wK bv wRÁvmv Ki“b Ges abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

evsjv wel‡q cVb `¶Zv I MwYZ wel‡q MvwYwZK `¶Zv AR©‡bi mv‡_ wkL‡bi m¤úK©


1. evsjv wel‡q mvejxj cvVK n‡Z n‡j Kx Kx Dcv`vb ev Dc`¶Zv cÖ‡qvRb Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

2. MwYZ wel‡q `¶Zv AR©‡b KiYxq e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|


c×wZ/†KŠkj : Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kvËi, `jxq KvR

mnvqKmvgMÖx : cÖ_g-Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv I MwYZ cvVëB, wk¶vµg I wkLbµg, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi mvBb‡cb|


KvR :-1: evsjv I MwYZ wel‡q `¶Zv AR©‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n e¨vL¨v Kiv| mgq: 60wgwbU

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 6wU `‡j fvM Ki“b:

cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K QK Abyhvqx cvVëB Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b wk¶vµg mieivn Ki“b|

`‡ji bvg welq

`j-1 cÖ_g †kÖwYi evsjv

`j-2 wØZxq †kÖwYi evsjv

`j-3 Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv

`j-4 cÖ_g †kÖwYi MwYZ

`j-5 wØZxq †kÖwYi MwYZ

`j-6 Z…Zxq †kÖwYi MwYZ

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K cvV¨cy¯ÍK we‡kø lY K‡i avivevwnK fv‡e welqe¯‘ †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â `jxq KvR gv‡K©U †cø‡m ivL‡Z ejyb Ges mKj‡K Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡Z ejyb|

Â †Kvb gšÍe¨ _vK‡j †cv÷v‡ii wb‡Pi As‡k wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â Gevi mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Ki“b;

Â K) co‡Z wkLvi Rb¨ cÖ_g-Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z Kx Kx welqe¯‘ †`qv Av‡Q?

Awa‡ekb 3 w`b

3

22

evsjv wel‡q cVb `¶Zv I MwYZ wel‡q MvwYwZK `¶Zv AR©‡bi mv‡_ wkL‡bi m¤úK©

23

DËi;

aŸwbMZ m‡PZbZv

eY©Ávb I Kvi wPý

kãfvÊvi

mvejxjZv

†evaMg¨Zv

Â L) MvwYwZK `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_g-Z…Zxq †kÖwY ch©šÍ Kx Kx welqe¯‘ AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q?

DËi:

msL¨v I MYbv

R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ I cwigvc

DcvË cÖ`k©b/Dc¯’vcb

Â M) evsjv Ges MwY‡Zi GB Dc`¶Zv/Dcv`vb¸‡jv avivevwnK fv‡e bv wkL‡j †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AR©b m¤¢e Kx?

hw` bv nq Z‡e †Kb? (cÖ_‡g evsjv Ges c‡i MwYZ welq wb‡q avivevwnK fv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki“b)

KvR:-2(K) evsjv I MwYZ wel‡q Dc`¶Zv¸‡jv AR©‡b KiYxq mgq: 30wgwbU

wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv Ki“b

Â evsjv wel‡qi covi Dc`¶Zv¸‡jv mKj wk¶v_©x AR©b Kij wKbv Zv Kx fv‡e eyS‡eb?

Â GKB †kÖwY‡Z wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©x _vK‡j Zv‡ì Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj MÖnY Ki‡eb?

Â wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb `¶Zv AwR©Z n‡j Kx jvf n‡e?

Â 2(L)

Â MwYZ wel‡qi Dc`¶Zv¸‡jv mKj wk¶v_©x AR©b Kij wKbv Zv Kx fv‡e eyS‡eb?

Â GKB †kÖwY‡Z wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©x _vK‡j Zv‡ì Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj MÖnY Ki‡eb?

Â wk¶v_©x‡ì MwYZ welqK `¶Zv AwR©Z n‡j Kx jvf n‡e?

g~j¨vqb

cÖkœ Ki“b-

» †eBmjvBb mv‡f© †Kb Kiv nq?

» ¯Íi wfwËK cvV`v‡bi myweav Kx?

24


cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv eB Gi welqe¯‘i mv‡_ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLbd‡ji wgjKiY


1. cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q cÖ_g-Z…Zxq †kÖwY ch©šÍ evsjv cvVëB Gi welqe¯‘i mv‡_ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLbd‡ji m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. cvV¨ cy Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ Kxfv‡e GB AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Z_v wkLbdj AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

3. †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv mKj wkïi AR©b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †Kb Zvi †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e


c×wZ/†KŠkj : Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, `jxq KvR

mnvqK mvgMÖx : cÖ_g-Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv cvVëB, wk¶vµg I wkLbµg, †cv÷vi †ccvi,gvK©vi, mvBb‡cb|

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY|

KvR 1 : welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ wkLbdj Ges welqe¯‘i m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Kiv mgq: 20wgwbU

AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi GKvKx 5wgwbU wPšÍv K‡i LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb;

Â wjLv †k‡l †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Av‡jvPbv †k‡l cÖwZ †Rvov †_‡K GK Rb‡K cÖ‡kœvËi mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡Z ejyb|

Â Gfv‡e mKj †Rvov †_‡K DËi wb‡q mvi ms‡¶c AvKv‡i mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|

cÖkœ:

1. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i evsjv †kLv‡bvi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?

2. cÖ_g-cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ evsjv wel‡qi †gvU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv KqwU ?

3. evsjv wel‡qi cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvmg~n‡K KqwU †gŠwjK `¶Zvq wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q?

4. welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvmg~n‡K †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvq wefvRb Kivi †hŠw³KZv Kx?

5. wkLbdj Kx?

6. cvVëB Gi welqe¯‘mg~n wK‡mi wfwË‡Z wbe©vPb Kiv n‡qQ?

7. cvV¨ cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ Kxfv‡e wkLbdj AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i?

Awa‡ekb 4 w`b

3

24

cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv eB Gi welqe¯‘i mv‡_ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLbd‡ji wgjKiY

25

KvR-2 : †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I evsjv cvVëB mgq : 40wgwbU

AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K 5wU `‡j fvM Ki“b|

cÖwZ `j‡K wb‡¤œi QK Abyhvqx cvVëB I wk¶vµg mieivn Ki“b|

`j cvVëB I wk¶vµg





`j-5 Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv

Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wb‡Pi QK Abyhvqx evsjv cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶vµg we‡kølb K‡i wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Ki“b|

†kÖwY: welq:

cvVëB Gi c„ôv b¤î cvV¨ Gi welqe¯‘ fvlv `¶Zv AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wkLbdj (wK wkL‡e)gšÍe¨

KvR †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Ki“b|

`j 1 Gi Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq `j 2 †K wgwj‡q †`L‡Z ejyb Ges AmsMwZ _vK‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ †nvb|

`j 3 Ges 4 Gi Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ GKB c×wZ AbymiY Ki“b|

KvR:-3 cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki wel‡qi mv‡_ wkLbdj Z_v AR©bDc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Kiv| mgq 30wgwbU

cÖ‡Z¨KwU `‡ji `jxq Kv‡Ri Dc¯’vcb †k‡l Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ Kiæb Gfv‡eÑ

K. ÔcovÕ †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµ‡gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb| †kÖwYwfwËK cvVëB¸‡jv‡Z wK wkÿv_©x‡ì ÔwiwWsÕ cov †kvbvi †Kvb wb‡`©kbv †`qv Av‡Q?

1. wb‡`©kbv bv _vK‡j wkÿv_©xiv †Kvb mgq wiwWs co‡e A_ev Kxfv‡e wiwWs cov wkL‡e ?

2. cvVëB‡qi cvV¸‡jv Kx cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡ì wiwWs covi Rb¨ mnR?

3. cv‡V wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ AcwiwPZ kã Av‡Q wK? KZ¸‡jv AcwiwPZ kã Av‡Q? GZ AcwiwPZ kã _vK‡j †Kv‡bv welq cvV Kiv mnR nq wK?

4. cv‡V †ewk KwVb kã _vK‡j cvV wK Abyaveb Kiv hvq?

5. wj‡L wb‡Ri fve cÖKvk Kivi my‡hvM Av‡Q wK?

6. wkÿvµ‡g mKj wkÿv_©xiv covi †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡e D‡jøL Av‡Q? Avcbviv wK mKj wk¶v_©xi †hvM¨Zv AR©b wbwðZ K‡ib? Kx fv‡e Zv hvPvB K‡ib?

26


7. G fv‡e wK cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©xi cviMZv hvPvB Kiv hvq?

8. hw` bv hvq Zvn‡j Kxfv‡e Zv Kiv hvq?

9. cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x‡K Zvi cviMZvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx bv †kLv‡j mK‡ji †hvM¨Zv AR©b m¤¢e wK?

cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi Av‡jvPbv †k‡l mvi ms‡¶c K‡i ejyb cÖwZwU wkïi †hvM¨Zv AR©b wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j Zv‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’v Rvbv Ri“ix| GB cvVMZ Ae¯’v Rvbvi Rb¨ †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z nq|GB g~j¨vq‡bi djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì cviMZvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx †kÖwYKiY K‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkLb †kL‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡j cÖwZwU wkïi †hvM¨Zv AR©b wbwðZ Kiv hvq|Gfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki cvw¶K cwiKíbv I Zvi Av‡jv‡K ˆ`wbK cwiKíbv Kiv ìKvi| cÖwZ c¶ †k‡l cvw¶K g~j¨vqb K‡i Zvi djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì ¯Íi †R‡b cvw¶K I ˆ`wbK cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡j cÖwZwU wkïi †hvM¨Zv AR©b mnR nq|

g~j¨vqb:

cÖkœ Ki“b

» mKj wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi †¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki †Kvb welq¸‡jv Dcjwä Kiv ev wek`fv‡e Rvbv ìKvi?

» cÖwZwU wkLbdj AR©b bv Ki‡j cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv AR©b m¤¢e wK? bvn‡j †Kb?

2727

w`b

3Awa‡ekb 5

wWwcGW †Kvm© cwiwPwZ

g~jfve : wm-Bb-GW †Kvm© I wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i GKwU g~j cv_©K¨ n‡jv mv¤cÖwZKZg wkÿv m¤úwK©Z a¨vb-aviYvi Av‡jv‡K cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkï‡K wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv †KŠk‡ji wfbœZv| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e wkÿv m¤úwK©Z a¨vb-aviYv cÖ‡qvM †ÿ‡ÎI KvVv‡gv cwieZ©b Awbevh© n‡q‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y †Kej wcwUAvB †Kw›`ªK wkÿY Abykxjbx cwieZ©b K‡i we`¨vjq AwfÁZv cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov `k©bxq cwieZ©b n‡jvÑ mwµqZvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb KvR cwiPvjbv, wkL‡b ch©vßfv‡e cÖhyw³i eënvi Ges m‡e©vcwi di‡gwUf g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡ì kZfvM wkLb wbwðZ Kiv| G Qvov cÖ_g ch©vq GK eQi wcwUAvB‡Z cÖwkÿY †k‡l wØZxq ch©v‡q Qq gvm wbR we`¨vj‡q cÖavb wkÿK, mswkø ó wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±imn Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©vi wbweo Z`viwK‡Z cÖwkÿYjä Áv‡bi ¯^vaxb cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g cixÿv-wbixÿvi my‡hvM Gi †gŠwjK we‡klZ¡|

wkLbdj : G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMYÑ

1. wWwcG‡Wi mvgMÖx m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv jvf K‡i Zv eënv‡ii welqwU wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. wWwcG‡Wi wewfbœ mvgMÖxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj : †eªBb ÷wg©s, GKK KvR, `jxq KvR, Dc¯’vcb, †cøbvwi, djveZ©b|

mnvqK mvgMÖx : j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv, †cv÷vi †ccvi, wWm‡cø †evW©, gvK©vi, mvBb †cb, †evW©, welqwfwËK aviYvcÎ, welqwfwËK cvV cwiKíbv (QqwU) Ges wWwcGW mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ mvgMÖx|

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_ AwfÁZv wewbgq mgq: 10 wgwbU

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_ Kzkj wewbgq Kiyb|

Â Gici Iqvg© Av‡ci Rb¨ Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k ejyb, Avwg GKwU msL¨v fvewQ| G msL¨vwUi 3 ¸Y K‡i 4 w`‡q fvM Ki‡j 15 nq| ejyb †Zv, msL¨vwU KZ? †Kgb K‡i Ki‡eb? Kxfv‡e GwU‡K DËg cÖwkÿ‡Yi mv‡_ Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq?

Â Gici wZbwU kãÑ Subject Knowledge(SK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) Ges Professional Development †ev‡W© wjLyb| D³ kã wZbwU Øviv Zviv Kx †ev‡Sb, wR‡Ám Kiæb| cuvP-QqR‡bi DËi wbb| Zvici cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi gva¨‡g kã wZbwUi e¨vL¨v w`b|

KvR-2: wWwcG‡Wi †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv mgq: 25 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wbgœiƒc cÖkœ wR‡Ám K‡i wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì c~e©Ávb/AwfÁZv hvPvB Kiæb:

Â wWwcGW-G Kx Kx wel‡q wkÿv `vb Kiv n‡e?

28


Â Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb¸‡jv welqwfwËK Áv‡bi?

Â †Kvb †Kvb welqe¯‘ wkÿv`vb m¤úwK©Z?

Â †Kvb welqe¯‘ wkÿv_©x‡ì †ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨?

Â wUwPs †cøm‡g›U ej‡Z Kx †ev‡Sb?

Â cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi ï‡b GKRb cÖwkÿbv_©xi mnvqZvq †ev‡W© wjLyb Ges †KvbwU Kx ai‡bi welq (SK/PK) mvg‡b eª¨v‡K‡U wjLyb| wWwcG‡Wi welq m¤úwK©Z wb‡gœi PvU©wU cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡ì wbKU cwi®‹vi Kiæb| †hgbÑwWwcG‡Wi 12wU welq wbgœiƒc:

Â welqwfwËK Ávb (SK) wkÿv`vb m¤úwK©Z Ávb (PK) †ckvMZ Dbœqb Ávb

Â evsjv

Â MwYZ

Â cÖv_wgK weÁvb

Â evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq

Â Bs‡iwR

Â G·‡cÖwmf AvU© (Pviæ I KviæKjv, kvixwiK wkÿv, msMxZ)

Â evsjv wkÿYweÁvb

Â MwYZ wkÿYweÁvb

Â cÖv_wgK weÁvb wkÿYweÁvb

Â evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq

Â wkÿYweÁvb

Â Bs‡iwR wkÿYweÁvb

Â †ckvMZ Dbœqb cwiwPwZ

Â ¯‹zj †cøm‡g›U-1

Â ¯‹zj †cøm‡g›U-2

Â ¯‹zj †cøm‡g›U wcwUAvB‡Z wkÿvMnYKvjxb mg‡qi 16 mßvn Ges ¯‹zj †cøm‡g›U 2 ej‡Z wbR we`¨vj‡qi 16 mßvn Abykxjb eySvq| G wZb ai‡bi welq AšÍf©y³ Kivi †hŠw³KZv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g cwi®‹vi Kiæb| cvV¨ eB‡qi GKwU †mU cÖwZ `‡j mieivn Kiæb Ges †`Lvi Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|

KvR-3: wWwcG‡Wi cÖwkÿK wb‡`k©bv Ges cvV¨ eB cwiwPwZ mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì QqwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Awa‡ek‡bi cwiKíbvmn welqe¯‘i aviYvcÎ (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq, cÖv_wgK weÁvb Ges †cÖv‡dkbvj ÷vwWR †_‡K wbe©vwPZ GKwU welqe¯‘ I †mB welqe¯‘i Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv) mieivn Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K welqe¯‘wU co‡Z ejyb| welqe¯‘ c‡o Awa‡ekb cwiKíbvq ewY©Z wkLbdj AR©‡bi Rb¨ Awa‡ekb cwiKíbvwU KZUzKz Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖwZ `‡ji GKRb‡K Zuv‡ì gZvgZ †cø bvwi‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

wWwcGW †Kvm© cwiwPwZ

29

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ mvgMÖx m¤ú‡K©I AewnZ Kiæb| †hgbÑ

Â 1. Z_¨cy¯ÍK

Â 2. Bb÷ªv±i wb‡`©wkKv

Â 3. wcwUAvB g¨v‡bR‡g›U n¨vÛeyK

Â 4. gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡ì cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj

Â 5. gv÷vi †UªBbvi‡ì Rb¨ Z_¨cy¯ÍK

Â 6. wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ wb‡`©wkKv

Â 7. cÖwkÿY we`¨vjq wb‡`©wkKv

Â 8. wkÿK, cÖavb wkÿK, GBDBI Ges BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±iM‡Yi Rb¨ g¨vbyqvj

Â 9. g~j¨vqb wb‡`©wkKv

KvR-4: wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡g g~j¨vqb mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì `xN© AwfÁZv †_‡K wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡g Kx ai‡bi g~j¨vqb †KŠkj eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv Zv‡ì wPšÍv Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖvß gZvgZ¸‡jv GKRb cÖwkÿbv_©xi mnvqZvq †ev‡W© wjLyb|

Â cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi gva¨‡g wWwcG‡Wi g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© GKwU mswÿß aviYv w`b|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K aviYvcÎ wn‡m‡e g~j¨vqb wb‡`©wkKv mieivn Kiæb| wWwcG‡Wi g~j¨vq‡bi Ici Zv‡ì mswÿß gZvgZ w`‡Z ejyb|


y ˆèPqb c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì ga¨ †_‡K K‡qKRb‡K cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g eZ©gvb Awa‡ek‡b Kx Kx welq Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q Zv †R‡b wbb| cÖ‡qvR‡b cybiv‡jvPbv Kiæb|

¯^-AbywPšÍb » g‡b K‡i †`Lyb, KZRb cÖwkÿYv_©x Avcbv‡K cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb| huviv K‡ibwb Zuviv †Kb K‡ibwb, †m welqwU Dcjwä Kivi †Póv Kiæb|

» `‡j KvR Kivi mgq huviv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e wbw®Œq wQ‡jb Zuv‡ì Kxfv‡e mwµq Kiv †hZ e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

» AvR‡Ki Awa‡ekbwU cwiKíbv I cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î MVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i aviYv KZUzKz cÖwZdjb Kiv wM‡q‡Q Zv we‡kølY Kiæb|

30

Awa‡ekb 1 w`b

4

we`¨vjqwfwËK evsjv wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv


1. we`¨vj‡q wM‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì mv‡_ mnR m¤úK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

2. †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb c¨v‡KR eënvi K‡i we`¨vj‡q wM‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 45 wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj : nv‡Z-Kj‡g wk¶v_©x g~j¨vqb

mnvqK mvgMÖx : g~j¨vqb Uyjm, di‡gU


KvR-1 : nv‡Z Kj‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY Av‡Mi w`bB †R‡b hv‡eb †K †Kvb ¯‹y‡j hv‡eb| Zuviv mivmwi ¯‹y‡j P‡j hv‡eb| ¯‹y‡j wM‡q †kÖwY wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq †kÖwYK‡ÿi GKwU myweavg‡Zv RvqMvq e‡m †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb ïi“ Ki“b|

Â Av‡Mi g‡Zv †h wk¶v_©xi g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb cÖ_‡g Zvi bvg, †ivj b¤î g~j¨vqb di‡g‡U wjLyb| Gici Zvi evsjv wiwWs g~j¨vqb Ki“b Zvici cieZ©x avc AbymiY Ki“b| †kÖwY wk¶v_©x‡ì msL¨v Abyhvqx MZKv‡ji 2/3 Rb AskMÖnYKvix 40 wgwb‡U H GKB †kÖwYi evwK A‡a©K wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

Â H w`‡bi g~j¨vqb †k‡l cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ªª wd‡i Avmyb|

we`¨vjq wfwËK Kv‡Ri Dci cÖwZdjbg~jK Av‡jvPbv I gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv (mnvqK)


1. wk¶K †h cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ 40 wgwbU mg‡qi mwVK eënv‡ii gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì wfbœ wfbœ wkLb Pvwn`v c~iY K‡ib, Zv e¨vLv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

2. mgq wefvR‡bi mwVK cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wkLb eë¯’vcbv A_©vr ¯ÍiwfwËK wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ wkLb Kxfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

mgq : 1 NÈv

c×wZ I †KŠkj : wmgy‡jkb, eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi

mnvqK mvgMÖx : evsjv cvVëB (Z…Zxq †kÖwYi), cvV mswkøó wkLb †kLv‡bv DcKiY, cvV cwiKíbv,

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiYx:

KvR-1 : K¬vm cwiPvjbv (mnvqK) mgq: 1NÈv

Â AskMÖnYKvix mevB‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïi“ Ki“b| mevi D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb, wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b wk¶v_x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v c~iY Kivi j‡¶¨ †hfv‡e †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e, †m Abyhvqx gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e|

Â evsjv K¬v‡mi 40 wgwb‡U wewfbœ KvR I Kv‡Ri Dc¯’vcb †KŠkj wb‡q wb‡Pi cwiKíbv Abymv‡i gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv Ki“b|

Â Avcwb Z…Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv cvV`vb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †kÖwYK¶¶i cwi‡ek ˆZwi Ki“b| Avcwb cvVwU fv‡jvfv‡e c‡o cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q ïi“ Ki“b|

1. mg‡eZ KvR 10wgwbU

1.1 Kykj/Lei wewbgq I bvg WvKv

1.2

» Lei ejv

» eY© †Pbv‡bvi wbqg :

» evbvb †kLv‡bvi †KŠkj :

(wm‡jevm Abyhvqx)|

31

w`b

4Awa‡ekb 2

32


1.3. †ev‡W©i KvR I wb‡`©kbv (3 ¯Íi wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨)

» wkL‡bi 3 ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©xiv †h KvR Ki‡e Zvi wb‡`©kbv †ev‡W© wj‡L w`b|

¯ÍiwfwËK wk¶v_©x‡ì A¨vKwUwfwUm eywS‡q w`b|(wm‡jevm Abyhvqx)|

`j 1- cvVëB‡qi 25 b¤î c„ôvi 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡e|

`j 2- cvV¨ eB‡qi 24b¤î c„ôvi 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡e|

`j 3- n Gi mv‡_ v - Kvi, w`‡q 5wU K‡i kã wjL‡e|

2. wgkÖ`‡j / eÜy`‡j wk¶‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov KvR / †QvU `‡j wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq KvR mgq: 30wgwbU

2.1 wgkÖ`‡j / eÜy `‡j wk¶‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov KvR

2. 2 1wgwbU wiwWs : (15 wgwbU)

Â 1wgwbU K‡i 15wgwb‡U 10-15 Rb wk¶v_©xi wiwWs ïb‡eb / Avs¸j a‡i cov‡eb|

2.3 m„Rbkxj †jLv :

2.4 †QvU `‡j KvR : (wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq) (15wgwbU)

cÖwZ`‡j 7.5 wgwbU K‡i, 2 `‡ji Rb¨ †gvU 15 wgwbU mgq e¨q Ki‡eb|/ cÖwZ`‡j 5 wgwbU K‡i, 3 `‡ji Rb¨ †gvU 15 wgwbU mgq e¨q Ki‡eb|

2.4. evowZ mgq GKK/`jxqKvR (wk¶‡Ki mvnvh¨ Qvov)

Â GB mgq wk¶v_©x eB Kb©vi †_‡K Zvi cQ›`gZ eB wb‡q co‡Z cv‡i A_ev eY©gvjvi wewfbœ DcKiY wb‡q †Lj‡Z cv‡i| A_ev kã w`‡q ˆZwi jyWy †Lj‡Z cv‡i|

Â cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l cÖkœ Av‡Q wK bv wRÁvmv Ki“b Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b wdWe¨vK w`b

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K Z_¨cÎ co‡Z w`b| cov †kl n‡j Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Av‡Q wK bv wR‡Ám Ki“b| h_vh_ DËi w`b|

Â we`¨vjqwfwËK AwfÁZvi mv‡_ gK K¬v‡mi wgj I Awgj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß Ki“b

3333

cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi MwYZ eB‡qi welqe¯‘i mv‡_ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLbd‡ji wgjKib

g~jfve :

wkLbdj : GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnb KvixMY:

1. cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q cÖ_g-Z…Zxq †kÖwY ch©šÍ MwYZ cvVëB Gi welqe¯‘i mv‡_ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLbd‡ji m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ Kxfv‡e GB AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Z_v wkLbdj AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

3. †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv mKj wkïi AR©b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †Kb Zvi †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e


c×wZ/†KŠkj : `jxq Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, `jxq KvR

mnvqK mvgMÖx : cÖ_g-Z…Zxq †kÖwYi MwYZ cvVëB, AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvmn wk¶vµg I wkLbµg, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mvBb‡cb|


KvR 1: welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ wkLbdj Ges welqe ‘i m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Kiv| 20 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K 5wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖwZ `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| †jLv †k‡l `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb, Ab¨ `‡ji mv‡_ DËi wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki“b Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b wdWe¨vK w`b|

cÖkœ:

1. cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i MwYZ †kLv‡bvi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?

2. cÖ_g-cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ MwYZ wel‡qi †gvU cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv KqwU ?

3. welq wfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zvmg~n‡K †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvq wefvRb Kivi †hŠw³KZv Kx?

4. wkLbdj Kx?

5. cvVëB Gi welqe¯‘mg~n wK‡mi wfwË‡Z wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q?

6. cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ Kxfv‡e wkLbdj AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i?

33

w`b

4Awa‡ekb 3

34


KvR-2 : †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I MwYZ cvVëB we‡k lb| 40 wgwbU

AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K 5wU `‡j fvM Ki“b|

cÖwZ `j‡K wb‡¤œi QK Abyhvqx cvVëB I wk¶vµg mieivn Ki“b|

`j cvVëB I wk¶vµg





`j-5 Z…Zxq †kÖwYi MwYZ

Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wb‡Pi QK Abyhvqx MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶vµg we‡kø lY K‡i wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Ki‡Z ejyb|

†kÖwY:

welq:

cvVëB‡qi c„ôv b¤î cvVëB Gi welqe¯‘ MvwYwZK `¶Zv AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wkLbdj (wK wkL‡e) gšÍe¨

KvR †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|cÖ‡qvR‡b wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Ki“b|

`j 1 Gi Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq `j 2 †K wgwj‡q †`L‡Z ejyb Ges AmsMwZ _vK‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ †nvb|

`j 3 Ges 4 Gi Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ GKB c×wZ AbymiY Ki“b|

KvR:-3 cvV¨cy Í‡Ki wel‡qi mv‡_ wkLbdj Z_v AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi m¤úK© e vL v Kiv| mgq : 25 wgwbU

cÖ‡Z¨KwU `‡ji `jxq Kv‡Ri Dc¯’vcb †k‡l Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ Kiæb Gfv‡eÑ

Â MvwYwZK `¶Zv †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµ‡gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb| †kÖwYwfwËK cvVëB¸‡jv‡Z wK wkÿv_©x‡ì MvwYwZK `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ welqe¯‘ †`qv Av‡Q?

Â wkÿvµ‡g mKj wkÿv_©xiv MvwYwZK `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡e D‡jøL Av‡Q? Avcbviv wK mKj wk¶v_©xi `¶Zv AR©b wbwðZ K‡ib? Kx fv‡e Zv hvPvB K‡ib?

Â G fv‡e wK cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©xi cviMZv hvPvB Kiv hvq?

Â hw` bv hvq Zvn‡j Kx fv‡e Zv Kiv hvq?

Â cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x‡K Zvi cviMZvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx bv †kLv‡j mK‡ji †hvM¨Zv AR©b m¤¢e Kx?

cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi MwYZ eB‡qi welqe¯‘i mv‡_ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLbd‡ji wgjKib

35

cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi Av‡jvPbv †k‡l mvims‡¶c K‡i ejyb cÖwZwU wkïi MvwYwZK `¶Zv AR©b wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j Zv‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’v Rvbv Ri“wi| GB cvVMZ Ae¯’v Rvbvi Rb¨ †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z nq|GB g~j¨vq‡bi djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì cviMZvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx †kÖwYKiY K‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡j cÖwZwU wkïi MvwYwZK `¶Zv AR©b wbwðZ Kiv hvq| Gfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki cvw¶K cwiKíbv I Zvi Av‡jv‡K `wbK cwiKíbv Kiv iKvi|cÖwZ c¶ †k‡l cvw¶K g~j¨vqb K‡i Zvi djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì ¯Íi †R‡b cvw¶K I ˆ`wbK cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡j cÖwZwU wkïi †hvM¨Zv AR©b mnR nq|

g~j¨vqb: 5 wgwbU

cÖkœ Ki“b

y mKj wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi †¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki †Kvb welq¸‡jv Dcjwä Kiv ev wek`fv‡e Rvbv ìKvi?

y cÖwZwU wkLbdj AR©b bv Ki‡j cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv AR©b m¤¢e Kx? bv n‡j †Kb?

†Kvm© AvDUjvBb (7wU †Kvm©)

g~jfve: †bc-Gi eë¯’vcbvq cÖwZwU wcwUAvB-G wm-Bb-GW Kvh©µg Pvjy Av‡Q| Z‡e 7wU wcwUAvB-G B‡Zvg‡a¨ wWwcGW Kvh©µg Pj‡Q| wm-Bb-GW Kvh©µ‡g 9 gvm ZË¡xq K¬v‡mi ci 3 gvm we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi eë¯’v wQj| d‡j ZË¡xq K¬v‡mi ci Abykxjb Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î ¯’vwcZ nIqvi my‡hvM wQj LyeB mxwgZ| wWwcGW Kvh©µ‡g K‡qK mßvn ZË¡xq K¬v‡mi ci K‡qK mßvn we`¨vj‡q Abykxjb Kv‡Ri my‡hvM ivLv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z ZË¡xq K¬v‡mi mv‡_ Abykxjb Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î ¯’vwcZ nIqvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q Ges AbykxjbKv‡j D™¢~Z mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi wbwgË Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| G Qvov K‡i †kLv, mn‡hvwMZvg~jK †kLvi Ici cÖvavb¨ ivLv n‡q‡Q| AwaKš‘ cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Kxfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv hv‡e †m welqwUI nv‡Z-Kj‡g †kLv‡bvi eë¯’v i‡q‡Q| 18 gvme¨vcx †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁv‡b `ÿ K‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì M‡o †Zvjvi eë¯’v i‡q‡Q|

wkLbdj: G cvV †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ

1. wWwcG‡Wi 7wU †Kv‡m©i †Kvm© AvDUjvBb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. †Kvm© AvDUjvB‡bi wfwË‡Z cÖYxZ welqe¯‘mg~n ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. †ckvMZ Kv‡R welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 3 NÈv

mnvqK mvgMÖx: 7wU †Kv‡m©i †Kvm© AvDUjvBb, †Kvm© AvDUjvB‡bi wfwË‡Z cÖYxZ eB, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mv`v †evW©, wfc KvW© BZ¨vw`|

c×wZ I †KŠkj: †Rvovq KvR, `jxq KvR, mgMÖ †kªwY‡Z KvR, †eªBb ÷wg©s BZ¨vw`|


KvR-1: wWwcG‡Wi 7wU †Kv‡m©i †Kvm© AvDUjvBb eY©bv Kiv mgq : 60 wgwbU

Â †Kvm© AvDUjvBb m¤ú‡K© mswÿß aviYv w`b (Z_¨cy¯ÍK †_‡K aviYv wbb)| †Kvm© AvDUjvB‡b Kx Kx welq AšÍf©y³ n‡q _v‡K Zv cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K †Kv‡m©i AšÍZ 1wU wkLbdj Ges wkLbdj Abymv‡i welqe¯‘i bvg ej‡Z ejyb| GKwU wkLbdj I welqe¯‘ †ev‡W© wj‡L w`b| †hgb †ckvMZ wkÿvq...

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 7wU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K welqÁvb/wkÿYweÁvb eB w`b| `jxq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g cÖ`Ë †Kv‡m©i †Kvm© AvDUjvBb kbv³ Ki‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR gwbUwis Kiæb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖwZwU `‡ji `jxq Dc¯’vcbvi ci †cøbvwi Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb Kiæb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì e³e¨ kybyb, cÖ‡qvR‡b aviYv ¯úóxKi‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡Ri gZvgZ e¨³ Kiæb| cwi‡k‡l `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mKj‡K abëv` w`b|

36

Awa‡ekb 4 w`b

4

†Kvm© AvDUjvBb (7wU †Kvm©)

37

KvR-2 : †Kvm© AvDUjvB‡bi wfwË‡Z cÖYxZ welqe¯‘mg~n kbv³ Kiv mgq : 50 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GKB ‡j KvR Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K j‡K wba©vwiZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‘i ZvwjKv †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| †Kvm© AvDUjvB‡b cÖ`Ë wkLb d‡ji Av‡jv‡K welqe¯‘ mvRv‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖwZwU `‡ji `jxq Dc¯’vcbvi ci †cøbvwi Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡Ri gZvgZ e¨³ Kiæb| cwi‡k‡l mKj‡K abëv` w`b|

KvR-3 : †ckvMZ Kv‡R welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb c×wZ I †KŠkj mgq: 60 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GKB ‡j KvR Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K j‡K wba©vwiZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‘i Ges wkLbd‡ji †cÖwÿ‡Z †h mKj c×wZ I †KŠkj †`qv n‡q‡Q Zv KZUzKz h_v_© Zv `jxq Av‡jvPbv K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z ejyb| `jxq wm×všÍ †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖwZwU `‡ji `jxq Dc¯’vcbvi ci †cøbvwi Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡Ri gZvgZ e¨³ Kiæb| cwi‡k‡l mKj‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

g~j¨vqb mgq : 10 wgwbU

y †Kvb †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‘ †Kvm© AvDUjvB‡bi †cÖwÿ‡Z AcÖZzj?

y wWwcGW-Gi cÖwZwU Awa‡ekb Dc¯’vc‡b êwPÎ¨ Av‡Q wK bv?

y cÖwZwU †Kvm© Kx Kvi‡Y mg‡qvc‡hvMx?

¯^-AbywPšÍb » `‡j KvR Kivi mgq †K †K wbw®Œq wQj, †Kb wQj GKevi †f‡e †`Lyb|

» Kvw•¶Z wkLbdj AR©‡bi Rb¨ Av‡jvPbv I `jxq Kv‡R Kx Kx mZK©Zv †bqv n‡q‡Q? hw` bv †bqv n‡q _v‡K Z‡e †Kb †bqv nqwb?

» c‡ii cv‡V AwZwi³ Kx eë¯’v †b‡eb G cvV †_‡K Zv wPšÍv K‡i †ei Kiæb|

38

Awa‡ekb 1 w`b

5

3838

†kÖwYK‡¶ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv

GB Awa‡ekbwU †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv n‡e| cÖwkÿYv_©xMY c~‡e© cÖYxZ ˆ`wbK cvVcwiKíbv AbymiY K‡i ¯ÍiwfwËK wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb| G K¬vm cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì c~e© w`‡bB mswkøó I cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwkÿK I Ab¨vb¨ cÖwkÿYv_©xMY †PKwj÷ eënvi K‡i †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb| wØZxq Awa‡ek‡b Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g †_‡K PZz_© †kÖwY ch©šÍ wewfbœ kvLvq `yB Rb cÖwkÿYv_©x †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb| GRb¨ GKvwaK cÖwkÿY we`¨vjq wbe©vPb K‡i c~‡e©B †K †Kvb we`¨vj‡q †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|

mgq: 1 NÈv

39

w`b

1

39

w`b

5Awa‡ekb 2

we`¨vjqwfwËK Kv‡Ri Dci cÖwZdjbg~jK Av‡jvPbv

wkLbdj: G Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

1. evsjv welq mswkøó Awa‡ek‡bi KvR¸‡jv †kÖwYK‡¶ cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 1 NÈv

c×wZ I †KŠkj : †eªBb ÷wg©s, cÖ‡kœvËi, `‡j Av‡jvPbv|

mnvqK mvgMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi


KvR-1 : evsjv welq mswkøó KvR¸‡jv †kÖwYK‡¶ cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv wewbgq mgq: 1NÈv

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, GB cÖwk¶‡Y evsjv wel‡qi `yBwU Awa‡ekb I MwYZ wel‡qi GKwU Awa‡ek‡b †K‡›`ªi Av‡k-cv‡ki ‹y‡j GKwU †kÖwY‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb, †eBm jvBb g~j¨vq‡bi wfwË‡Z cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx wk¶v_©x‡ì `‡j fvM K‡i‡Qb Ges cvw¶K cwiKíbv K‡i‡Qb Ges †mB cvw¶K cwiKíbvi wfwË‡Z AvR cÖ_g †kÖwY cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e Avgiv AviI mvZ w`b †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡ev| evsjvq †gvU Pvi w`b, MwY‡Z †gvU Pvi w`b|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wR‡Ám Ki“b AvR‡Ki evsjv welq †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi Kx Kx AwfÁZv n‡q‡Q?

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †kÖwY cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jv Ki“b-

Â mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv?

Â KZRb‡K wiwWs cov‡Z †c‡i‡Qb? wiwWs †iKW© LvZvq Kx Zyj‡Z †c‡i‡Qb?

Â `j¸‡jvi Rb¨ †h eB wbe©vwPZ K‡i‡Qb, wK‡mi wfwË‡Z eB evQvB K‡i‡Qb?

Â KqwU `j‡K †QvU `‡j KvR Kiv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, Kx DcKiY eënvi K‡i‡Qb?

Â DcKiY eënvi Ki‡Z wK ai‡bi Amyweav †eva K‡i‡Qb?

Â wgkÖ`j, eÜy`‡j Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv wK wk¶v_©xiv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q?

Zv‡ì DËi¸‡jv ïbyb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b mgm¨v mgvav‡b civgk© w`b| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

4040

†kªwYK‡ÿ evsjv wel‡qi mgq eë¯’vcbv I †kÖwY eë¯’vcbv


1. eZ©gvb cvV cwiKíbvi mej I Dbœq‡bi †¶Îmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wk¶v_©x‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vi wfbœZvi KviY wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

2. cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx ˆ`wbK cv‡Vi mgq wefvRb K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv cwiPvjbv I †kÖwY eë¯’vcbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 2 NÈv 30wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj : GKK KvR, †Rvov `‡j KvR, †QvU `jxq Av‡jvPbv, †cøbvwi|

mnvqK mvgMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, wd¬cPvU©, †nvqvBU †evW©, cykwcb †evW©, cykwcb, gvwëwgwWqv


KvR-1: †kÖwYK‡¶ evsjv wel‡q wkï‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vi wfbœZvi KviY mgq: 50wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb †h, †kÖwY‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì wkL‡bi wfbœZvi ev Ae¯’v‡bi KviY Kx e‡j Avcbviv g‡b K‡ib? †eªBb÷wg©s‡qi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì DËi msMÖn K‡i wd¬cPv‡U© wjLyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi DËi¸‡jv‡K mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Ges we`¨vjqwfwËK GB `yB Kvi‡Y wef³ Ki“b|

Â G ch©v‡q mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK KviY¸‡jv Qvov we`¨vj‡qi Af¨šÍixY Avi Kx Kvi‡Y wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb evavMÖ¯Í n‡”Q e‡j Zuviv g‡b K‡ib? G cÖ‡kœi DËi ïbyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ejyb, Avcbviv †h cÖwZw`b 40 wgwbU evsjv K¬vm cwiPvjbv K‡ib GB 40 wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ Avcbv‡ì GKwU cwiKíbv _v‡K Ges †mB cwiKíbv Abyhvqx wk¶v_©x‡ì †mB †kÖwYi Rb¨ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv AR©b Kivi j‡¶¨ †kÖwYwfwËK KZ¸‡jv KvR K‡ib Ges wk¶v_©x‡ì w`‡qI wKQy KvR Kivb| cÖZ¨vkv Kiv nq †h, cÖwZw`‡bi GB i“wUb KvR¸‡jvi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv, †mB †kÖwYi Rb¨ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡e| wKš‘ MZ Pviw`b we`¨vj‡q nv‡Z Kj‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb ¯Íi wbY©q Kivi AwfÁZvq †`Lv hv‡”Q †h we`¨vj‡qi AwaKvsk wk¶v_©x †mB †kÖwYi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Q bv|

Â Gici Rvb‡Z Pvb †h, eZ©gvb †kÖwY eë¯’vcbvq wk¶v_©xiv †Kb wkL‡b wcwQ‡q co‡Q, †Kb wk¶v_©xiv KvswÿZ †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv Zvi KviY Kx e‡j g‡b K‡ib ?

Â Av‡jvPbv †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ Ki“b-

» Avcwb wK †kÖwYi cÖwZwU wkïi wiwWs cov †kv‡bb?

» Avcwb cÖwZw`b KqRb wk¶v_©xi cov †kv‡bb?

» cÖwZw`b Kvi Kvi cov ïb‡eb, Zv wK †Kv_vI †iKW© K‡i iv‡Lb?

Awa‡ekb 3 w`b

5

40


41

» †iKW© bv ivL‡j Kx‡mi wfwË‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì covi Rb¨ evQvB K‡ib?

» hviv co‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡ì Kx KL‡bv co‡Z e‡jb?

» KZw`b cici †kv‡bb?

» cÖwZgv‡m GKwU wkï KZevi Avcbvi Kv‡Q wiwWs c‡o?

» †Kv_vI wK †iKW© ivLv Av‡Q?

» wiwWs msµvšÍ KvR¸‡jv †hgb-miecvV, bxiecvV ev Av`k©cvV †kÖwYi KqRb wk¶v_©x AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i? A_©vr GB KvR¸‡jvi mgq cÂg/ PZz_©/ Z…Zxq/ wØZxq †kÖwYi †h wk¶v_©x mvejxjfv‡e co‡Z cv‡i bv ev hviv eY© ch©šÍ wP‡b bv Zviv Kx c‡o?

» K‡e Avcwb †kl †e‡Âi wk¶v_©x‡ì cov ï‡b‡Qb?

» wk¶v_©xiv Kx †j‡L? Zviv wK wj‡L Zv‡ì g‡bi fve cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i?

» †h wk¶v_©xiv wcwQ‡q Av‡Q, Zviv wK †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ KvR¸‡jv †_‡K DcK…Z n‡e?

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi gZvgZ †ev‡W© ev wd¬cPv‡U© wjwce× Ki“b| mvaviYZ G cÖkœ¸‡jvi DË‡i AskMÖnYKvixMY GKgZ nb †h, wkï‡ì cÖwZw`b wiwWs cov‡bv nq bv, Ges †hfv‡e cvV cwiPvjbv Kiv nq Zv‡Z, wewfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi my‡hvM eZ©gvb †kÖwYK‡¶i GB cvV cwiKíbvq †bB|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wR‡Ám Ki“b,

» eZ©gvb cvV cwiKíbv Abyqvqx cÖwZwU wkïi ¯^vaxb cvVK I †jLK n‡q IVvi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q wK? _vK‡j Kxfv‡e Av‡Q?

Â Av‡jvPbvi †cÖw¶‡Z GB wm×v‡šÍ Avmyb †h, eZ©gvb cvV cwiKíbvi mejw`K n‡jv †h wkïi cov ev †jLv †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ A‡bK KvR Av‡Q, wKš‘ KvR¸wj cÖwZwU wkïi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx Kiv‡bv nq bv e‡j cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ejyb, GB cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Avgiv wkLv‡ev †h Kxfv‡e cÖwZwU wel‡qi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ 40 wgwbU mg‡qi c~Y© eënvi Kiv hvq| Zv‡ì ejyb, GLv‡b mgq eë¯’vcbv Ggbfv‡e web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hb wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx KLbI †QvU`‡j, KLbI eo`‡j ev GKvKx wkLb mnvqZv w`‡Z cv‡ib| d‡j wk¶v_©xiv wKQyUv mgq wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ e¨q K‡i Zvi wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx bZyb wkLb aviYv cv‡e Ges evwK mgq wewfbœ ai‡bi Abykxj‡b e¨¯Í †_‡K Zv‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ 40 wgwbU mg‡qi cy‡ivUv eënv‡ii my‡hvM cv‡e I Zv‡ì wkLb ¯’vqx n‡e|

KvR-4: cÖ ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx cÖ¯ÍvweZ ˆ`wbK cv‡Vi mgq wefvRb mgq: 50 wgwbU

Â cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx cÖ¯ÍvweZ ˆ`wbK cv‡Vi mgq wefvRb †cv÷viwU Sywj‡q w`b| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi cÖ¯ÍvweZ †KŠkj¸‡jv I mgq eë¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g, Kxfv‡e wk¶v_©x I wk¶‡Ki cÖvß 40 wgwbU mg‡qi mØënvi n‡”Q Zv wPwýZ K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

42


Â cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx wkLb †KŠkj¸‡jv nj

» mg‡eZ

» `jxq KvR (¯Íi Abyhvqx)

» GKK KvR |

GLv‡b

» cÖ_g 10 wgwb›U wk¶KGes wk¶v_©x mg‡eZfv‡e e¨q Ki‡e| GLv‡b wk¶K w`b Abyhvqx wbw`©ó KvR Ki‡eb Ges wk¶v_©x‡ì cieZ©x Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv †`‡eb|

» cieZ©x 30wgwbU wk¶K `yB ai‡bi KvR Ki‡eb|K) cÖ_g 15 wgwbU wZwb 10/15 Rb wk¶v_©xi GK wgwbU K‡i wiwWs ïb‡eb (Av½yj w`‡q a‡i) I LvZvq wjL‡eb|

» L) cieZ©x 15 wgwbU `yBwU `j‡K/wZb `j‡K (6/9) R‡bi Zv‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ cvV †`‡eb (bZyb cvV)|

Â Aciw`‡K mg‡eZ Kv‡Ri ci wk¶v_©xiv Zv‡ì mgq e¨q Ki‡e Gfv‡e

(eo `‡j/eÜy `‡j, wk¶‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov)

» m„Rbkxj †jLv I AuvKv )

» wk¶‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov ¯ÍiwfwËK Abykxjb KvR (Rvbv cv‡Vi Dci)

» wk¶v_©xiv Zv‡ì KvR †kl K‡i evowZ mg‡q eyK Kb©vi †_‡K eB wb‡q c‡o‡Q|

Â G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvixMY Avk¼v cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h, Gfv‡e †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡j k„•Ljv wewNœZ n‡q MÊ‡Mvj nevi m¤¢vebv _vK‡e| Avcwb Zv‡ì G e‡j wbwðZ Ki“b †h cÖ_g K‡qKw`b GiKg n‡jI ax‡i ax‡i wk¶v_©xiv G‡Z Af¨¯Í n‡q c‡o Ges wb‡R †kLvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡RB wb‡q †bq| Dciš‘ GwU GKwU mvgwqK eë¯’v| Rvbyqvwi gv‡m †eBmjvBb Kivi ci hw` wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡i wk¶v_©x GKB †kÖwY‡Z cvIqv hvq Z‡e wk¶‡Ki cieZ©x `yB ev wZb gv‡mi Rb¨ Ggb cwiKíbv _vK‡e †h IB mg‡qi wfZ‡i mKj wk¶v_©x †hb IB †kÖwYi b~¨bZg †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ges GB †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi GKwU †kÖwY †KŠkj nj ¯ÍiwfwËK cvV`vb| wk¶v_©xiv b~¨bZg †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kivi ci wk¶v_©x‡ì mwµq wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡Z wewfbœ P¨v‡jwÄs Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wk¶K‡K †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e, hv n‡e wkïi Pvwn`vi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©‡bvc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K| G‡¶‡Î miKvi wba©vwiZ (GbwmwUwe Aby‡gvw`Z) †h‡Kvb c×wZ‡ZB cvV`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

KvR-4: †kÖYxK¶ eë¯’vcbv mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K wR‡Ám Ki“b, cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †h †KŠkj¸‡jv, eo `‡j KvR, †QvU `‡j KvR Gme KvR¸‡jv eZ©gvb †kÖwYK‡¶i †h †kÖwY web¨vm Av‡Q, †mLv‡b cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e? bv n‡j Kx Ki‡Z n‡e?

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi DËi †ev‡W©/wd¬cPv‡U© wjLyb| †jLvi ci Avcwb Av‡iv †hvM Ki“b †h, Avmb web¨v‡mi cvkvcvwk DcKiY ivLvi Rb¨ wbw`©ó ¯’vb wbe©vPb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Ges †kÖwYK¶ mw¾Z KiviI cÖ‡qvRb| Gici †kÖwYK¶ web¨v‡mi Dci †jLv Z_¨cÎ co‡Z w`b| cov †kl n‡j Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ bv _vK‡j Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß Uvbyb|


43

g~j¨vqb : mgq: 10wgwbU

y cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx mg‡eZ Kv‡R KZ wgwbU mgq †Ìqv Av‡Q?

y eo `‡j/eÜy `‡j wk¶v_©xiv wK wK KvR K‡i?

y †QvU `‡ji wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡ì †Kvb cvV †kLvb?

mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx AskMÖnYKvix KZ©…K gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv|


1. cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq wefvRb I †kÖwY eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj : GKK KvR, †Rvov `‡j KvR, †QvU `jxq Av‡jvPbv, †cøbvwi

mnvqK mvgMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi, evsjv eB, gvK©vi, wd¬cPvU©, †nvqvBU †evW©, cykwcb †evW©, cykwcb, gvwëwgwWqv


KvR-1: cÖ ÍvweZ mgq wefvRb I †kÖwY eë ’vcbv Abyhvqx gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv Kiv mgq: 1 NÈv 20 wgwbU

» AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b|

» cÖwZ `j‡K wb‡Pi QK Abyhvqx cvVëB mieivn Ki“b|

`j Avgvi evsjv eB

1 wØZxq †kÖwY

2 wØZxq †kÖwY

3 Z…Zxq †kÖwY

4 Z…Zxq †kÖwY

» `jMZfv‡e cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq wefvRb Abyhvqx c~‡e©i w`‡bi welqe¯‘ I wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K eo `‡ji KvR I †QvU `‡ji KvR D‡jøLc~e©K ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

» QK

» †jLv †k‡l cÖ_g I wØZxq `j‡K GK‡Î e‡m cwiKíbvi Dbœqb mvab Ki‡Z ejyb| Abyiƒcfv‡e Z…Zxq I PZy_© `j‡K wb‡`©kbv w`b|

» cÖ_g I wØZxq `j †_‡K GKRb‡K wk¶K I Ab¨‡ì QvÎ‡ì f~wgKvq Awfbq K‡i gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z ejyb| Ab¨ `yB `j‡K wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K cvV ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z ejyb|

» GKBfv‡e Z…Zxq I PZy_© `j hLb gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv Ki‡e, cÖ_g I wØZxq `j ZLb cvV ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡e|

ch©‡e¶Y †PKwj÷:

» mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv?

» KZRb‡K wiwWs cov‡Z †c‡i‡Qb? wiwWs †iKW© LvZvq wK Zyj‡Z †c‡i‡Qb?

» `j¸‡jvi Rb¨ †h eB wbe©vwPZ K‡i‡Qb, wK‡mi wfwË‡Z eB evQvB K‡i‡Qb?

» KqwU `j‡K †QvU `‡j KvR Kiv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, Kx DcKiY eënvi K‡i‡Qb?

» DcKiY eënvi Ki‡Z wK ai‡bi Amyweav †eva K‡i‡Qb?

» wgkÖ`j, eÜy`‡j Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv wK wk¶v_©xiv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q?

Awa‡ekb 4 w`b

5

44

4545

w`b

6Awa‡ekb 1

we`¨vj‡q nv‡Z Kj‡g evsjv wel‡qi †kÖwY cwiPvjbv

wkLbdj: GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY -

1. cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ †h †Kvb GKwU †kÖwY‡Z evsjv wel‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj : nv‡Z Kj‡g †kÖwY cwiPvjbv

mnvqK mvgMÖx : cvV¨ eB, cvV mswkøó DcKiY


KvR-1: cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ †h †Kvb GKwU †kÖwY‡Z evsjv wel‡q cÖ ÍvweZ mgq eë ’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Kiv mgq: 1 NÈv 20 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ †h †Kvb GKwU †kÖwY‡Z evsjv wel‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|

Â GK Rb †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb, Abïv mnvqZv Ki‡eb Ges †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †bvU wb‡eb| G †bvU wWweªwds †mk‡b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â c‡ii w`b Ab¨ Rb †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb, Abïv mnvqZv Ki‡eb Ges †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †bvU wb‡eb|G †bvU wWweªwds †mk‡b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶‡Yi we‡eP¨ welq-


Â KZRb‡K wiwWs cov‡Z †c‡i‡Qb? wiwWs †iKW© LvZvq wK Zyj‡Z †c‡i‡Qb?


Â KqwU `j‡K †QvU `‡j KvR Kiv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, wK DcKiY eënvi K‡i‡Qb?


Â Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|

Â KvR †k‡l cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ªª wd‡i Avmyb

Awa‡ekb 2 w`b

6

4646

†kÖwY cwiPvjbvi AwfÁZv wewbgq



mgq : 30 wgwbU


mnvqK mvgMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi|


KvR-1: evsjv wel‡qi mswkøó KvR †kÖwYKiY cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv wewbgq mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â mevB‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiy Kiyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wR‡Ám Kiæb AvR‡Ki evsjv welq †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi Kx Kx AwfÁZv n‡q‡Q?

Â AwfÁZv ïbyb I †cøbvwi‡Z mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z aviYv cwi®‹vi Kiæb

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †kÖwYcwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiæb-






Â Zv‡ì DËi¸‡jv ïbyb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b mgm¨v mgvav‡b civgk© w`b|

mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

g~j¨vqb we‡kølY, `j MVb I KiYxq wba©viY

g~jfve: wkÿK †eBmjvBb mv‡f©i ci wkÿv_©x‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| ZLb wZwb †h mKj

wkÿv_©x GKB cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Av‡Q Zv‡ì wb‡q GKwU `j MVb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| A_©vr GKB wkLb Pvwn`vm¤úbœ

wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ wK Ki‡Z n‡e Zv fve‡Z cv‡ib|

wkLbdj: GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l wk¶v_©xMYÑ

1. †kªwYwfwËK cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. GKB cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wkÿv_©x‡ì wb‡q `j MVb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU

mnvqK mvgMÖx: †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwUqv, g~j¨vqb di‡gU

c×wZ/†KŠkj: Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, †QvU `j, GKK, cÖ`k©b

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: cÖv_wgK Av‡jvPbv mgq: 10 wgwbU

mevB‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiy Kiyb| K‡qKR‡bi Kv‡Q †eBmjvBb mv‡f©i AwfÁZv Rvb‡Z Pvb|

ejyb Avgiv GZ w`b †kªwYK‡¶ wkï‡ì †eBmjvBb mv‡f© K‡iwQ Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡K cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki K¬vm Abyhvqx mv‡f©i

we‡kølY K‡i wkï‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvbvi †Póv K‡iwQ| GLb Avgiv wZbwU KvR Kie| †hgbÑ

» GKKfv‡e `‡j e‡m wbR †kªwYi wkï‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Kie|

» Zv‡ì Rb¨ wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î jÿ¨ wba©viY Kie|

» cvwÿK cwiKíbv Kie |

KvR-2: GKKfv‡e cÖ‡Z¨K †kªwYi wkï‡ì cvVMZ Ae ’vb (wkLb Íi) wbY©q I `j MVb mgq: 25 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K `‡j em‡Z ejyb I Ab¨‡ì mnvqZv wb‡q GKKfv‡e GKB gv‡bi wkÿv_©x‡ì

wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Gici Zv‡ì wb‡q cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx Z_¨c‡Îi Av‡jv‡K Dc`j/†QvU`j MVb Ki‡Z ejyb

Â `jMVb †k‡l †QvU`‡ji mvßvwnK iæwUb ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb

47

w`b

6Awa‡ekb 3

48


KvR-3: †kªwYwfwËK wkï‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vb I wkLb NvUwZ wPwýZKiY mgq: 20 wgwbU

Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ huviv GKB †kªwY‡Z wewfbœ ¯‹z‡j KvR K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì‡K wb‡q `j Kiæb| Zuviv

`‡j e‡m †h KvR¸‡jv Ki‡eb Zv n‡jvÑ

Â cÖ‡Z¨K wkLb ¯Í‡ii wkï‡ì Rb¨ wm‡jev‡mi Kx †kl Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wPwýZ Kiv|

Â wkï‡ì wkL‡bi NvUwZ ev Pvwn`v wPwýZ Kiv|

cª‡Z¨K `j‡K †kªwYwfwËK GbwmwUwe evsjv cvV¨cy¯ÍK w`b| Avcwb `‡ji Kv‡R Ny‡i Ny‡i mn‡hvwMZv Kiæb|

KvR-4: wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î jÿ¨ wba©viY I KiYxq mgq: 30 wgwbU

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wRÁvmv Kiæb Avgiv †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkï‡ì Kxfv‡e †`L‡Z PvB? mevB‡K 2 wgwbU fve‡Z w`b|

Gici †eªBb ÷wg©s‡qi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì gZvgZ ïbyb I †ev‡W© ev wd¬cPv‡U© wjLyb| †h welq¸‡jv Avm‡Z cv‡iÑ

Avgv‡ì Uv‡M©U

y ¯^wbf©i cvVK

y ¯^wbf©i †jLv

y A¨vKwUf †kªvZv

y GKKfv‡e ejvi `¶Zv AR©b

y wPšÍvkw³i `¶Zv

y wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi `¶Zv

y we‡kølY `¶Zv

y AvZ¥wek¦vm

Gici †kªwYK‡¶ ¯Íi Abyhvqx Kx Kx KvR Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv †eªBb ÷wg©s‡qi gva¨‡g Avbvi †Póv Kiyb|

wk¶v_©x‡ì ejv K_v¸‡jv †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjLyb| †hgbÑ

g~j¨vqb : mgq: 5 wgwbU

y †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Kivi ci GKRb wkÿK Kx Kx KvR Ki‡eb?

y wkL‡bi jÿ¨ wba©vi‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb †Kvb welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb?

MVbg~jK ZË¡ Ges wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg

g~jfve: MVbg~jK ZË¡ Abyhvqx wkLb n‡jv wkÿv_©xi gvbwmK msMVb ev †eŠw×K msMV‡bi cwieZ©‡bi cÖwµqv (Learning is the process of change in the cognitive structure of the learner)| G †ÿ‡Î wkL‡bi mgq wkÿv_©x mwµqfv‡e cwi‡ekMZ Z_¨‡K we‡kølY K‡i, wb‡RB cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i wb‡Ri c~e© AwfÁZvewji web¨vm NUvq Ges mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i| †m Kvi‡Y MVbZ‡Ë¡ wkÿv_©xi mwµq wkLb‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq| wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i GKwU g~j êwkó¨ n‡jv mv¤cÖwZKZg wkÿv m¤úwK©Z a¨vb-aviYvi Av‡jv‡K cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkï‡K wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv †KŠk‡ji wfbœZv, we‡kl K‡i wkLb wkÿY cÖwµqvq MVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wkï‡ì gy³ wkL‡b Af¨¯Í K‡i †Zvjv| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e wkÿv m¤úwK©Z a¨vb-aviYv cÖ‡qvM †ÿ‡ÎI MVb Aeqemn bvbv †ÿ‡Î cwieZ©b Awbevh© n‡q‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y we`¨vj‡q c~‡e©i wkÿY Abykxjbx cwieZ©b K‡i we`¨vjq AwfÁZv cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov `k©bxq cwieZ©b n‡jv, mwµqZvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb KvR cwiPvjbv, wkL‡b ch©vßfv‡e cÖhyw³i eënvi Ges m‡e©vcwi MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x‡ì kZfvM wkLb wbwðZ Kiv| G Qvov GK eQi wcwUAvB‡Z cÖwkÿY †k‡l Qq gvm GKwU we`¨vj‡q cÖavb wkÿK, mswkøó wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±imn Ab¨vb¨ Kg©KZ©vi Z`viwK‡Z cÖwkÿYjä Áv‡bi ¯^vaxbfv‡e cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g cixÿv-wbixÿvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| G ZË¡vbyhvqx,

» cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x GKRb Abb¨ e¨w³

» wkLb wkÿv_©xi Ae¯’v Ges ms¯‹…wZi Ici wbfi©kxj

» wkL‡b wkÿv_©xi f~wgKvB gyL¨

» wkLb Av‡jvPbvcÖm~Z

» wkÿv_©xi AvMÖn I †cÖlYv wkL‡bi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

» wkLb mwµq I mvgvwRK cÖwµqv|


1. MVbg~jK ZË¡wU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. wWwcGW †cªvMÖv‡g MVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i aviYv Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj: `jxq KvR, †Rvovq KvR, Av‡jvPbv, †cøbvwi, cvIqvi c‡q›U Dc¯’vcb|

mnvqK mvgMÖx: MVbev` ZË¡-Gi Av‡jv‡K wbwg©Z GKwU Video I †PK wj÷, MVbZË¡ welqK Z_¨cÎ, wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb eBmg~n, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mv`v †evW©, j¨vcUc, g‡Wg BZ¨vw`|

49

w`b

6Awa‡ekb 4

50


Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: MVbg~jK ZË¡wU e¨vL¨v Kiv mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_ Kzkj wewbgq Kiæb| ¯‹zj cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ mKj‡K abëv` w`b| MVbev` ZË¡-Gi Av‡jv‡K wbwg©Z GKwU Video cÖ`k©b Kiæb| wfwWIwU †`Lvi c‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì Abyf~wZ †R‡b wbb|

Â cuvPwU j MVb Kiæb| ‡j MVbg~jK ZË¡ Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì AwfÁZvi ms‡hvM welqK Z_¨c‡Îi Askwe‡kl mieivn Kiæb| cÖ`Ë Ask `‡j c‡o ü`q½g Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Gevi ÔwRM mÕ c×wZ‡Z `j MVb Kiæb| `jxqfv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡i MVbg~jK ZË¡ Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì AwfÁZvi ms‡hvM wel‡q c~Y©v½ aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv w`b|

Â Gevi `‡ji m`m¨‡ì G‡KKwU Ask Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| Dc¯’vcb †k‡l cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b w`‡q aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

KvR-2: wWwcGW-G MVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i aviYv Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv wPwýZ Kiv mgq: 45 wgwbU

Â wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi †hŠw³KZv, D‡Ïk¨ I jÿ¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡i MVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i welqwU G †ÿ‡Î Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Rvov euva‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K †Rvov‡K wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i wewfbœ welqÁvb/wkÿYweÁv‡bi GK ev GKvwaK Awa‡ekb mieivn Kiæb| †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i mieivnK…Z Awa‡ek‡b constructivism-Gi êwkó¨/G m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ wkÿvwe‡ì ZË¡/wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq/wkÿv_©xi KiYxq BZ¨vwì †KvbwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv wPwýZ K‡i LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â wZb †Rvov‡K GKÎ K‡i `j MVb Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K †Rvovi Kv‡Ri Av‡jv‡K GKB wel‡q †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| Zv‡ì wjwLZ †cv÷vi Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| mK‡ji gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g MVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i welqwU Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mvaviYxKiY Kiæb|


y wkÿv_©xiv †h †kªwYKvR K‡i‡Qb Zv wPšÍv Ki‡Z ejyb| †mLv‡b MVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i welqwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q wK bv, `y-GKwU Kv‡Ri D`vniY w`‡q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb|

¯^-AbywPšÍb » g‡b K‡i †`Lyb, KZRb cÖwkÿYv_©x Avcbv‡K cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb| huviv K‡ibwb Zuviv †Kb K‡ibwb, †m welqwU Dcjwä Kivi †Póv Kiæb|

» `‡j KvR Kivi mgq huviv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e wbw®Œq wQ‡jb Zuv‡ì Kxfv‡e mwµq Kiv †hZ e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib|

» AvR‡Ki Awa‡ekbwU cwiKíbv I cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î MVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i aviYv¸‡jv‡K KZUzKz cÖwZdjb Kiv wM‡q‡Q Zv we‡kølY Kiæb|

†kÖwYK‡¶ MVbev` Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv

g~jfve: m‡e©vËg wkLb wbwðZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î MVbZ‡Ë¡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges m~`yicÖmvix f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| MVbev`x ZË¡ Abymv‡i wkÿv_©x Zuvi Ávb I `ÿZv MVb K‡ib; †mLv‡b wkÿ‡Ki KvR cÖavbZ mnvqZvKvixi| wkÿK G Rb¨ wkÿv_©xi cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM m„wó K‡i †`b| †m Kvi‡Y c~‡e©B wkLb †kLv‡bv cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡ib Kxfv‡e wkÿv_©xi eZ©gvb ev AaxZ Ávb m¤ú‡K© Zvi g‡b †KŠZ‚n‡ji m„wó Ki‡eb, †KŠZ‚n‡ji gy‡LvgywL n‡q wkÿv_©x wkÿK ev Zvi mncvVxi mvnvh¨ wb‡q bZzb K‡i Ávb wbg©vY Ki‡e, bZzb Áv‡bi Abykxjb Ki‡e Ges cwi‡k‡l Zv Kv‡R jvMv‡e| cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Zv nv‡Z-Kj‡g Abykxjb cÖ‡qvRb| G K_v mZ¨ †h Abykxjb e¨ZxZ `ÿZvi D‡b¥l N‡U bv| Zv Qvov cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi mgq AšÍivqmg~n kbv³ Kiv Ges AšÍivq `~ixKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e nq| G AwfÁZv cieZ©x‡Z Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi gva¨‡g wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg mdjfv‡e ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq|

wkLbdj: G cvV †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMYÑ

1. MZvbyMwZK †kªwYKÿ I MvVwbK †kªwYK‡ÿi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. MVbev` ZË¡ AbymiY K‡i Kxfv‡e †kªwYK‡ÿ cvV`vb Kiv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj: †Rvovq KvR, `jxq KvR, mgMÖ †kªwY‡Z KvR, †eªBb ÷wg©s BZ¨vw`

mnvqK mvgMÖx: †kªwYK‡ÿ MZvbyMwZK Ges msMVb ZË¡ Abymv‡i cvV`vb †KŠk‡ji ewkó¨ msewjZ n¨vÛ AvDU, MVbZ‡Ë¡i wfwWI Ges †PK wj÷, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mv`v †evW© BZ¨vw`

Kvh©vewji weeiY

KvR-1: MZvbyMwZK †kªwYKÿ I MvVwbK †kªwYK‡ÿi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ kbv³ Kiv mgq: 15 wgwbU

Â GKwU AvKl©Yxq GbviRvBwRs A¨vKwUwfwU w`‡q Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb| AZtci AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Zv‡ì we`¨vj‡q †kªwYKvR ch©‡eÿ‡Yi AwfÁZv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiæb| Av‡jvPbvq wkÿK wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ Kx Kx KvR K‡i‡Qb, wkÿv_©©xivB ev Kx K‡i‡Q, wkÿ‡Ki †Kv‡bv cvV cwiKíbv wQj wK bv, wkÿK †Kv‡bv cvV mswkøó DcKiY eënvi K‡i‡Qb wK bv, Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb †m wel‡q G‡K G‡K Zuv‡ì gZvgZ ï‡b †ev‡W© mswÿßvKv‡i wjLyb| G ch©v‡q Av‡jvPbvi mvi-ms‡ÿc K‡i cybivq mKj‡K AewnZ K‡i ejyb †h, wkÿv_©x‡ì mevB D³ cv‡Vi wkLbdj AR©b K‡i‡Q wK bv G m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì gZvgZ Kx? AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb †h, eZ©gv‡b we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Zviv wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b KvR K‡i‡Qb| G †ÿ‡Î wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR †kªwY eë¯’vcbv, wkÿv_©x‡ì cvV AMÖMwZ jÿ Kiv ev hvPvB Kiv BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î Zuviv †h KvR¸‡jv K‡i‡Qb, †m¸‡jvi êwkó¨¸‡jv Kx? Zuv‡ì KvQ †_‡K ï‡b †ev‡W© GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiæb| D³ ZvwjKvi wfwË‡Z Zuv‡ì ch©‡eÿYK…Z †kªwYi KvR Ges eZ©gv‡b Zuv‡ì Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z ejyb| G Rb¨ Zuv‡ì ‡j wef³ K‡i c~‡e© ch©‡eÿYK…Z †kªwYKv‡Ri êwkó¨ Ges eZ©gv‡b M„nxZ †kªwYKv‡Ri êwkó¨ÑG `ywU Kjv‡g wjL‡Z ejyb| †jLv †kl n‡j †kªwYK‡ÿ MZvbyMwZK cvV`vb †KŠkj Ges MVbev` ZË¡ Abymv‡i cvV`vb †KŠk‡ji êwkó¨ msewjZ n¨vÛ AvDU cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡ì †jLv Kv‡Ri mv‡_ wgj Ki‡Z ejyb|

51

w`b

6Awa‡ekb 5

52


KvR-2: MVbev` ZË¡ AbymiY K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â †ev‡W© wbgœwjwLZ kã¸‡jv wb‡R ejyb Zviv G wel‡q Kx Rv‡bb:

» msMVb ZË¡

» wkLb msMVb

» Scaffold » gy³ wkLb

» mn‡hvwMZg~jK wkLb

» AbywPšÍb

» c~e©Ávb hvPvB

» wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR m¤ú‡K© Bw½Z cÖ`vb

» mywbw`©ó cÖkœ

» wkLb GKwU mvgvwRK cÖwµqv

» wkL‡b wkÿv_©xi f~wgKvB gyL¨

» wkÿK µgvš^‡q wkLb‡K msMVb Kivi Kv‡R wkÿv_©x‡ì mnvqZv cÖ`vb

» msMVb ZË¡

Â AZtci GKwU wfwWI wK¬c cÖ`k©b Kiæb| wfwWI wK¬‡c (30 wgwbU) DwjøwLZ welq¸‡jvi †Kvb †KvbwU wPwýZ Kiv hvq Zv wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cuvPwU ‡j wef³ Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨KwU j‡K GKwU †kªwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨ cvV cÖ`vb Kiæb| D³ cv‡V msMVb ZË¡ Abymv‡i wkLb wkL‡bv KvR Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv wbY©q Ki‡Z ejyb| D‡jøL¨ †h, G †ÿ‡Î wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR wbw`©ó mgq †kªwY eë¯’vcbv (m¤ú~Y© †kªwY, †QvU `j, †Rvov BZ¨vw`), cÖkœ Kiv, `‡j wkLb, gy³ wkLb BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv g‡b †i‡L KvR¸‡jv µgvš^‡q mvRv‡Z n‡e|

KvR-3: cvV cÖ`k©b mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ywU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ_g `‡ji bvg †`b MZvbyMwZK †kªwYKÿ Ges wØZxq `‡ji bvg MVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i †kªwYKÿ| wfc Kv‡W© †jLv KvW© Øviv j fvM Kiæb (njy KvW© MZvbyMwZK †kªwYKÿ Ges meyR KvW© MVbg~jK Z‡Ë¡i †kªwYKÿ)| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Kv‡W© DwjøwLZ êwk‡óï wfwË‡Z cvV cwiKíbv K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ ‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb| ywU `‡ji †ÿ‡Î welq wbw ©ó K‡i w`b|

njy` KvW© `jGKK KvR, k„•Ljv K‡Vvifv‡e cvwjZ nq, wkÿv_©x‡ì K_v ejv‡K wbiærmvn Kiv nq Ges wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Ici cwic~Y©fv‡e wbf©i Kiv, wkÿv_©x‡ì k~b¨ Kjwm fvev, Av‡ivnx c×wZ‡Z KvR I mwVK DËicÖvwßi wfwË‡Z wkÿv_©xi †hvM¨Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv|

meyR KvW© `j`‡j KvR Kiv‡bv, mgMÖ †_‡K wewfbœ As‡k wef³ K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj wbi~wcZ Kiv| wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖ‡kœi ¸iæZ¡ †`qv, wkÿv_©x‡ì wPšÍvkxj g‡b Kiv Ges wPšÍv K‡i gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM †`qv, wkÿv_©x‡ì

†kÖwYK‡¶ MVbev` Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv

53

wg_w¯Œqvi gva¨‡g gZvgZ cÖKvk‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv, wkÿv_©xi wkLb‡K ev¯Í‡e Kxfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq Zvi Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv|

» `yB `‡ji `j‡bZv‡K cvV cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z ejyb|

» `yB `‡ji wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg †cøbvwi‡Z Zzjbv K‡i gZvgZ e¨³ Ki‡Z ejyb Ges †Kvb c×wZ I †KŠkj †kªqZi Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv P~ovšÍ Kiæb|

KvR-4: wfwWI wK¬c Ae‡jvKb mgq:20 wgwbU

Â GKwU wfwWI wK¬c cÖ k©b Kiæb| wfwWI wK¬‡c Kx Kx NU‡Q Zv wj‡L ivL‡Z ejyb Ges cieZ©xKv‡j †m Av‡jv‡K mKj‡K Av‡jvPbvq Ask wb‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ wk©Z wfwWI‡Z †kªwYKvh©µ‡gi ye©j w`K¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Kxfv‡e mwZ¨Kvi MVbev`x †kªwYK‡ÿ iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z cvwi †m wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z ejyb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì we`¨vjq AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K wb‡gœi wZbwU cÖkœ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb:

» wkï wkÿv_©x‡ì c~e©Ávb ev c~e© AwfÁZv m¤ú‡K© †Kb AbymÜvb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb?

» wkÿv_©x‡K Kxfv‡e av‡c av‡c bZzb Ávb wbg©v‡Y mnvqZv †`qv hvq?

» Kxfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡K bZzb Ávb eënv‡i PvwjZ Kiv hvq?

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wZbwU cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡Z ejyb| wbw ©ó mgq c‡i `jxq KvR Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Av‡jvPbv K‡i P~ovšÍ wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ †nvb| Scaffolding in Teaching msµvšÍ n¨vÛ AvDU w`b Ges n¨vÛ AvD‡Ui Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwU cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ ejyb Ges Zv c‡ii w`b wb‡R‡ì `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wj‡L Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|


y MZvbyMwZK †kªwYKvh©µ‡gi Zzjbvq MvVwbK †kªwYKvh©µg †Kvb †Kvb w`K w`‡q †kÖqZi?

y MVbZ‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡j Kx Kx myweav nq?

¯AbywPšÍb » `‡j KvR Kivi mgq †K †K wbw®Œq wQj, †Kb wQj GKevi †f‡e †`Lyb|



54

Awa‡ekb 1 w`b

7






mnvqK mvgMÖx : cvV¨ eB, cvV mswkøó DcKiY


KvR-1: cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ †h †Kvb GKwU †kÖwY‡Z evsjv wel‡q cÖ ÍvweZ mgq eë ’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Kiv mgq: 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU

y AskMÖnYKvixMY cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ †h †Kvb GKwU †kÖwY‡Z evsjv wel‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|

y GK Rb †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb, Abïv mnvqZv Ki‡eb Ges †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †bvU wb‡eb| G †bvU wWweªwds †mk‡b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

y c‡ii w`b Ab¨ Rb †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb, Abïv mnvqZv Ki‡eb Ges †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †bvU wb‡eb|G †bvU wWweªwds †mk‡b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

†kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶‡Yi we‡eP¨ welq-

y mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv?

y KZRb‡K wiwWs cov‡Z †c‡i‡Qb? wiwWs †iKW© LvZvq wK Zyj‡Z †c‡i‡Qb?

y `j¸‡jvi Rb¨ †h eB wbe©vwPZ K‡i‡Qb, wK‡mi wfwË‡Z eB evQvB K‡i‡Qb?

y KqwU `j‡K †QvU `‡j KvR Kiv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, Kx DcKiY eënvi K‡i‡Qb?

y wgkÖ`j, eÜy`‡j Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv wK wk¶v_©xiv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q?

y Gfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|

y KvR †k‡l cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ª wd‡i Avmyb

55

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7Awa‡ekb 2




mgq : 30 wgwbU




KvR-1: †kÖwY cwiPvjbvq AwfÁZv wewbgq mgq: 30 wgwbU

y mevB‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiy Kiyb|

y AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wR‡Ám Kiæb AvR‡Ki evsjv welq †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi Kx Kx AwfÁZv n‡q‡Q?

y AwfÁZv ïbyb I †cøbvwi‡Z mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z aviYv cwi®‹vi Kiæb

y AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †kÖwY cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiæb-

y mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv?

y KZRb‡K wiwWs cov‡Z †c‡i‡Qb? wiwWs †iKW© LvZvq wK Zyj‡Z †c‡i‡Qb?

y `j¸‡jvi Rb¨ †h eB wbe©vwPZ K‡i‡Qb, wK‡mi wfwË‡Z eB evQvB K‡i‡Qb?

y KqwU `j‡K †QvU `‡j KvR Kiv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, Kx DcKiY eënvi K‡i‡Qb?

y wgkÖ`j, eÜy`‡j Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv wK wk¶v_©xiv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q?

y Zv‡ì DËi¸‡jv ïbyb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b mgm¨v mgvav‡b civgk© w`b| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

MVbev` ZË¡ Abymv‡i †kªwYK‡¶ wkLb cwiKíbv

g~jfve:eZ©gv‡b cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q m‡e©vËg wkLb wbwðZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î MVbZ‡Ë¡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges my`~icÖmvix f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| MZvbyMwZK †kªwYK‡ÿ cÖ`Ë Z_¨ ev ZË¡ gyL¯’ Kivi w`‡KB †Rvi †`qv nq| †m †ÿ‡Î wkÿK e³…Zv, e¨vL¨v Ges cÖ‡kœvË‡ii g‡a¨B Zvi KvR mxgve× iv‡Lb| MVbev`x ZË¡ Abymv‡i wkÿv_©x Zvi Ávb I `ÿZv MVb K‡ib; †mLv‡b wkÿ‡Ki KvR cÖavbZ mnvqZvKvixi| wkÿK G Rb¨ wkÿv_©xi cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM m„wó K‡i †`b| †m Kvi‡Y c~‡e©B cwiKíbv K‡ib Kxfv‡e wkÿv_©xi eZ©gvb ev AaxZ Ávb m¤ú‡K© Zvi g‡b m‡›`‡ni m„wó Ki‡eb, m‡›`‡ni gy‡LvgywL n‡q wkÿv_©x wkÿK ev Zvi mncvVxi mvnvh¨ wb‡q bZzb K‡i Ávb wbg©vY Ki‡e, bZzb Áv‡bi Abykxjb Ki‡e Ges cwi‡k‡l Zv Kv‡R jvMv‡e|

wkLbdj: G cvV †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ

1. MVbev` ZË¡ Abymv‡i wkLb cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. MVbev` Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K cÖYqbK…Z wkLb cwiKíbv Abymv‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 3 NÈv

mnvqK mvgMÖx: wWwcGW Kvh©µ‡gi welqÁvb I wkÿY weÁvb eB, cÖ_g-cÂg †kÖwYi eB, welqwfwËK cvV cwiKíbvi QK, †kªwYK‡ÿ MZvbyMwZK cvV`vb †KŠkj Ges msMVb ZË¡ Abymv‡i cvV`vb †KŠk‡ji êwkó¨ msewjZ n¨vÛ AvDU, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mv`v †evW©, wfc KvW© BZ¨vw`|

mnvqK c×wZ/†KŠkj: †Rvovq KvR, `jxq KvR, mgMÖ †kªwY‡Z KvR, †eªBb ÷wg©s BZ¨vw`

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: MVbev` ZË¡ Abymv‡i wkLb cwiKíbv cÖYqb mgq: 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wWwcG‡Wi welqÁvb/wkÿYweÁvb eB‡qi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU welq wba©vwiZ K‡i w`b| MVbev` ZË¡ Abymv‡i cvV`vb †KŠk‡ji êwkó¨ we‡ePbvq †i‡L cvV cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR gwbUwis Ges †g›Uwis Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GKB `‡j KvR Ki‡Z ejyb| G‡KK `j‡K Z…Zxq-cÂg †kÖwYi G‡KK wel‡qi eB‡qi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU welq wba©vwiZ K‡i w`b| welqwfwËK cvV cwiKíbvi QK mieivn Kiæb| MVbev` ZË¡ Abymv‡i cvV`vb †KŠk‡ji êwkó¨ we‡ePbvq †i‡L cvV cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR gwbUwis Ges †g›Uwis Kiæb|

KvR-2: cÖYqbK…Z cvV cwiKíbv Abymv‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv mgq: 1 N›Uv 25 wgwbU

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K cÖYqbK…Z cvV cwiKíbv Abymv‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| `jxqfv‡e cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| `yB-wZbRb‡K ch©‡eÿ‡Ki Ges Aci AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wkÿv_©x-wkÿK/wkÿv_©xi f~wgKvq Awfbq Ki‡Z ejyb| m¤¢e n‡j wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg wfwWI Kiæb|

56

Awa‡ekb 3 I 4 w`b

7

MVbev` ZË¡ Abymv‡i †kªwYK‡¶ wkLb cwiKíbv

57

Â cÖwZwU `‡ji `jxq Dc¯’vcbvi ci †cøbvwi Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb Kiæb| cÖ_gZ ch©‡eÿK‡K MVbev` ZË¡-Gi KZUzKz Dc¯’vwcZ cv‡V cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zvi wfwË‡Z MVbg~jK mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì e³eÏ kybyb| wfwWIi wewfbœ Ask cÖ`k©b K‡i wb‡Ri gZvgZ e¨³ Kiæb| cwi‡k‡l mKj‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|


y MVbev` ZË¡-Gi Av‡jv‡K cwiPvwjZ †kªwY Kvh©µ‡gi myweav I Amyweavmg~n D‡jøL Ki‡Z ejyb|

y Amyweavmg~n `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq ej‡Z ejyb|

¯ÂbywPšÍb » `‡j KvR Kivi mgq †K †K wbw®Œq wQj, †Kb wQj GKevi †f‡e †`Lyb|



evsjv wel‡qi cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv I wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR wba©viY

g~jfve : †eBmjvBb mv‡f©i djvdj †_‡K †`Lv hvq GKB †kÖwY‡Z wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLbgvÎv ev cviMZvi ¯Íi wfbœ wfbœ| d‡j Zv‡ì wkLb Pvwn`vI GK iKg bq| wkÿK Zv‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx KvR Ki‡Z w`‡q wkLb NvUwZ `~i Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib| G Rb¨ wkÿK GKwU wbw`©ó †gqvw` Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv K‡i Zv‡ì cieZ©©x cviMZvi ¯Í‡i DbœxZKi‡Yi cÖ‡Póv MÖnY K‡ib| G Kvi‡Y †kÖwY‡Z welqwfwËK cvwÿK cwiKíbv cÖYqb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|


1. cvwÿK cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. evsjv wkÿv_©xi ¯ÍiwfwËK cvwÿK cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. cvwÿK cwiKíbvi cvkvcvwk evsjv wel‡qi wewfbœ wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


mnvqK mvgMÖx: †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, evsjv cvV¨cy¯ÍK, gvwëwgwWqv

c×wZ/†KŠkj: †eªBb÷wg©s, cÖ‡kœvËi, †QvU `j, Av‡jvPbv

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY


Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb| Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k ejyb, mevi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb we‡kølY Kiv †kl n‡q‡Q wK bv| GKB ai‡bi wkÿv_©x‡ì Avjv`v K‡i A_©vr GKB cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wkÿv_©x‡ì wb‡q `j MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK bv| K‡qKR‡bi gZvgZ ïbyb|

Â Gevi Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k ejybÑg~j¨vq‡bi ci cieZ©x K¬vm cwiPvjbvi Av‡M GKRb wkÿK wn‡m‡e Avcbvi Kv‡Q Kx _vKv ìKvi? mevB‡K K‡qK wgwbU fve‡Z w`b| Gici K‡qKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K DËi ïbyb|

Â Zuv‡ì KvQ †_‡K hw` ÔcwiKíbviÕ K_vwU bv Av‡m Z‡e AvcwbB e‡j w`b wkÿv_©x‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx K¬vm cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q GKwU cwiKíbv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb Avi GwU nIqv DwPZ 15 w`‡bi| A_©vr cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv|

KvR-2: cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Zvi wbR LvZvq cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡q GKwU c‡q›U wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †jLv n‡j cv‡kiR‡bi mv‡_ RywU‡Z †kqvi Ki‡Z ejyb| Gici `ywU RywU wgwj‡q c‡q›U¸‡jv †kqvi Ki‡Z ejyb|

58

Awa‡ekb 5 w`b

7

evsjv wel‡qi cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv I wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR wba©viY

59

Â †k‡l PviR‡bi `ywU `j GK‡Î c‡q›U †kqvi Ki‡Z ejyb| mevi c‡q›U GKÎ K‡i `‡ji c‡q›U wjL‡Z ejyb| †Kv‡bv c‡q›U GKB n‡j Zv GKwU c‡q›U wn‡m‡e ai‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji cÿ †_‡K wba©vwiZ c‡q›U¸‡jv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

KvR-3: cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvi aviYv mgq: 10 wgwbU

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì D‡Ï‡k wRÁvmv Kiæb, cvV cwiKíbv Kivi AwfÁZv Kv‡iv Av‡Q wK bv| hw` AwfÁZv _v‡K, Z‡e cÖkœ Kiæb, GKwU cvV cwiKíbvq Kx Kx welqe¯‘ _v‡K?

Â K‡qKR‡bi gZvgZ ïbyb Ges Zuv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| Gici j¨vcU‡ci gva¨‡g cvwÿK cwiKíbvi GKwU QK cÖ`k©b Kiæb|

cvwÿK cwiKíbvi bgybv QK

we`¨vj‡qi bvg:

welq: evsjv †kÖwY: Z…Zxq

mgqKvj:......... †_‡K .............

wkÿv_©x‡ì bvg I cvVMZ

Ae¯’vbKx wkL‡e

Kxfv‡e †kLv‡bv n‡e ev Dc¯’vcb

DcKiY wkÿv_©xi KvR g~j¨vqb

`j-1`j-2`j-3

mevB‡K QKwU LvZvq Zz‡j wb‡Z ejyb|

KvR-3: wkÿv_©x‡ì cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi I wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR wba©viY Kiv mgq: 45 wgwbU

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì cuvPwU ‡j fvM Kiæb| ‡j †cv÷vi †ccvi I gvK©vi A_ev j¨vcUc w`b| cÖ‡qvRbxq evsjv cvV¨ eB w`b| `‡j e‡m Zviv †h KvR¸‡jv Ki‡e Zv eywS‡q w`b-

Â cvV¨ eB †_‡K wkÿv_©x‡ì wewfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR wPwýZ Ki‡e|

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wfbœZv Abyhvqx GKwU cvwÿK cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡e|

Â ˆZwiK…Z cwiKíbvwU cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|

Avcwb Ny‡i Ny‡i cª‡Z¨K `‡ji KvR ch©‡eÿY Kiæb| wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR wPwýZKi‡Y mnvqZv Kiæb|

Â `jxq KvR †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| Avcwb cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© w`b| Kv‡iv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi DËi e¨vL¨vmn eywS‡q w`b|

Â mevB‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

Â Gici evsjv cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvi Rb¨ Z_¨cÎ †_‡K GKwU cwiKíbvi Kwc mevB‡K w`b|

60



wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb KiæbÑ

y cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwii mgq wk¶v_©x‡`i cviMZvi ¯Íi‡K Kxfv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡eb?

y cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv †_‡K ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv Kxfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡eb?

¯^-AbywPšÍb » AvR‡Ki Awa‡ek‡bi cÖ ‘wZ ch©vß wQj Kx? Avi Kx ai‡bi cÖ ‘wZ †bqv n‡j welqwU Av‡iv mnR‡eva¨ nZ?

» `‡j KvR Kivi mgq huviv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e wbw®Œq Zuv‡`i Kxfv‡e mwµq Kiv †hZ e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib|

6161

Awa‡ekb 1 w`b

8






mnvqK mvgMÖx : cvV¨eB, cvV mswkøó DcKiY

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-: we`¨vj‡q evsjv weq‡q †kÖwY cwiPvjbv mgq: 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU



Â c‡ii w`b Ab¨ Rb †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb, Ab¨iv mnvqZ vKi‡eb Ges †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †bvU wb‡eb| G †bvU wWweªwds †mk‡b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|








Â KvR †k‡l cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ª wd‡i Avmyb|

62

Awa‡ekb 2 w`b

8


wkLbdj : G Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-


mgq : 30 wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj: †eªBb ÷wg©s, cÖ‡kœvËi, `‡j Av‡jvPbv|



KvR-: evsjv welq mswkøó KvR †kÖwYK‡¶ cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv wewbgq mgq: 30 wgwbU



Â AwfÁZv ïbyb I †cøbvwi‡Z mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z aviYv cwi®‹vi Kiæb|

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †kÖwY cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiæb-






Â Zv‡ì DËi¸‡jv ïbyb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b mgm¨v mgvav‡b civgk© w`b| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

cvw¶K g~j¨vqb I cvw¶K g~j¨vq‡bi wfwË‡Z cieZ©x cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb


1. g~j¨vqb Kx Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ Pjgvb g~j¨vq‡bi (Continuous assessment)-Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ;

2. cvw¶K cwiKíbvq wb‡`©wkZ wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wk¶v_©x‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU `‡ji Rb¨ wba©vwiZ g~j¨vqb Uyjm ˆZwi I eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ;

3. Abykxjb (Simulation) K¬v‡mi gva¨‡g nv‡Z Kj‡g g~j¨vqb †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i wfbœ wfbœ cv-VMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

4. g~j¨vq‡b cvIqv djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z cieZ©x‡Z cv‡¶K cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj : cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv, `jxq KvR

mnvqK mvgMÖx : cvw¶K cwiKíbv, g~j¨vqb Uyjm& , Z_¨cÎ (w`b-16, Awa-2, Z_¨cÎ-1,2)


KvR-1: g~j¨vqb Kx Ges g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Kiv mgq: 10 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv g~j¨vqb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© Kv‡iv †Kvb aviYv Av‡Q wKbv Zv wRÁvmv Kiæb| Zv‡ì DËi †kvbvi ci ejyb

g~j¨vqb :

wk¶v_©x, wk¶vµg, wk¶v msµvšÍ Kvh©µg ev wk¶v_©xi e¨w³MZ wkLb m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖwµqvB Ôg~j¨vqbÕ| mvaviY K_vq g~j¨vqb n‡”Q-†Kvb wRwb‡mi Dci g~j¨ Av‡ivc ev †Kvb wRwb‡mi g~j¨ hvPvB Kiv ev wePvi Kiv| wk¶v‡¶‡Î g~j¨vqb n‡”Q D‡Ï‡kï KZUyKy wk¶v_©xiv AR©b K‡i‡Q ev Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Z_¨ msMÖn we‡kølY I e¨vL¨vi avivevwnK cÖwµqv|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiæb| Kx D‡Ï‡k¨ g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q _v‡K A_ev †Kb g~j¨vqb Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q ? Zv‡ì K‡qKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K DËi ïbyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b ey‡jU AvKv‡i †ev‡W© wjLyb| c‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i †jLv g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ ev cÖ‡qvRbxqZv c‡o †kvbvb Ges wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

63

Awa‡ekb 3 w`b

8

64


g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

1. wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb AMÖMwZ Rvbvi Rb¨

2. wk¶v_©x‡ì mej I `~e©j w`K wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨

3. wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨

4. wk¶v_©xi mej I `~e©j w`K wPwýZ Kivi ci cieZ©x cwiKíbvi Rb¨

5. ¯^vaxbfv‡e `‡j, RywU‡Z I GKKfv‡e Kx Kx KvR Ki‡Z †Ìqv n‡e Zv wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨

6. evowZ mg‡q Kx Kx KvR Ki‡Z †Ìqv n‡e Zv wbw`©ó Kivi Rb¨|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb, cÖPwjZ c×wZi g~j¨vq‡b wk¶v_©xiv KZUyKy wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡jv Zv ïay †iKW© Kiv nq, wKš‘y cvw¶K cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU wkï‡K Zvi wkLb mvg_© Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY Kiv‡bv nq Ges Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i 12wU K¬v‡mi ci wk¶v_©xi g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| Zvi wkL‡bi gvÎv wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ Ges GB g~j¨vq‡bi cÖvß djvd‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i Zv‡ì wkLb mvg_© (Learning ability)Abyhvqx Zv‡ì Avev‡iv †kÖwYKiY (Classify) Kiv nq| GB †kÖwYKi‡Yi d‡j A‡bK wk¶v_©xB cyivZb `j †_‡K b~Zb `‡j P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb †h wk¶v_©x wk¶‡Ki AvswkK mnvqZvq co‡Z cv‡i †m nq‡Zv Ômvejxjfv‡e c‡o †h `jÕ †m `‡j DbœxZ n‡q hv‡e BZ¨vw`| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb MZ cvw¶K cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Zv‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR-2 : cvw¶K cwiKíbv Abyhvqx wfbœ wfbœ `‡j wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ g~j¨vqb †¶Î I Uyjm ˆZwi 45 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Kiæb, evsjv wel‡qi †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î g~j¨vqb Kiv ìKvi| Zv‡ì gZvgZ ïbyb|

Â Av‡jvPbvi m~Î a‡i ejyb †h, evsjv wel‡q G cvw¶‡K hv cov‡bv n‡q‡Q Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e | myZivs GB cvw¶K cwiKíbvi Dci wfwË K‡iB g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ Uyjm eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ wnmv‡e cÖ_‡gB cÖ‡qvRbxq Uyjm ˆZwi I msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì c~‡e©i Awa‡ek‡bi `jMZfv‡e P~ovšÍ cvw¶K cwiKíbvi K_v ¯§iY Ki‡Z ejyb Ges c~‡e©i `‡j cvw¶K cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K cvw¶K g~j¨vqb Uyjm ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â `‡j Z_¨c‡Îi bgybv g~j¨vqb Uyjm mieivn Kiæb| Uyjm ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ 20 wgwbU mgq w`b| cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Kiæb| 2/1 wU `‡ji g~j¨vqb Uyjm cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z ejyb|

KvR-3 : g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv cÖ`k©b I †QvU `‡j Abykxjb mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb, Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z nq Zv K‡i †`Lv‡eb| c~‡e© wj‡L ivLv Ôg~j¨vqb cÖwµqviÕ †cv÷viwU AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ Uvwb‡q w`b I c‡o †kvbvb|


65

g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv

1. cÖ‡Z¨K cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv Abyhvqx 12wU K¬v‡mi c‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. wk¶v_©x‡ì msL¨vi Dci wbf©i K‡i g~j¨vqb 1/2/3 w`b Pj‡e|

3. †h me wk¶v_©x Abycw ’Z _vK‡e K¬vm PjvKvjxb †h w`b †m Avm‡e †mB w`b Zvi g~j¨vqb K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

4. wba©vwiZ 40 wgwbU mgq a‡iB evsjv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

5. g~j¨vq‡bi mgq GKRb ev RywU‡Z ev `‡j A_ev wk¶‡Ki myweav Abyhvqx wk¶v_©x †W‡K wb‡q Zvi g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

6. mgq wefvRb Abyhvqx cÖ_‡gB wk¶K cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv w`‡q †`‡eb| H w`b †Kvb bZyb cov †`‡eb bv|

7. Gici wZwb wiwWs cov‡bvi mg‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì wiwWs cov g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges g~j¨vqb †iKW© ivL‡eb|

8. †QvU ‡ji wba©vwiZ mg‡q wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡ì GKKfv‡e ev RywU‡Z ev ‡j †W‡K Íi Abyhvqx eY©, kã, evK¨, kãv_©, evK¨ iPbv, cÖ‡kœi DËi g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb I †iKW© ivL‡eb|

cov †kl n‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv Av‡jvPbv K‡i eywS‡q w`b|

» Gici GKwU `‡ji g~j¨vqb K‡i Z_¨msMÖnK‡i, Kx fv‡e Zv msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e Zv †`wL‡q w`b|

» AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ‡j e‡m Zviv †h cvw¶K cwiKíbv K‡iwQj Zvi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Uyjm Zwi K‡i‡Qb| g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY ˆZwi ev †RvMvo Ki‡Z ejyb Ges `‡j Abykxjb Ki‡Z ejyb|

» `‡ji KvR †kl n‡j mevB‡K eo `‡j wdwi‡q Avbyb Ges `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| `jxq Kv‡R Kv‡iv †Kvb wKQy †hvM Kivi Av‡Q wKbv wR‡Ám Kiæb, cvw¶K g~j¨vqb wb‡q Kv‡iv †Kvb wKQy wRÁvmv Av‡Q wKbv ejyb| mevB‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

g~j¨vqb : mgq 5 wgwbU

y cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Uzj&m ˆZwii Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb welq¸‡jvi we‡ePbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb?

y cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡bi ci KiYxq KvR Kx Kx n‡Z cv‡i?



cÖv_wgK wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ gvb, †hvM¨Zv Ges cvi`wk©Zvi m~PK wk¶K gvb

wkLbdj: G Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY

1. wk¶K gvb Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. wk¶K gv‡bi †¶Î¸‡jv kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 3 N›Uv

c×wZ I †KŠkj : wmgy‡jkb,ch©‡e¶Y, cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv I `jxq KvR

mnvqK mvgMÖx : cvV¨cy¯ÍK, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, Z_¨cÎ BZ¨vw`


KvR-1: wk¶K gvb mgq: 25 wgwbU

AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi mv‡_ mvjvg I Kykj wewbgq K‡i Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|

AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi wbKU Rvb‡Z Pvb-†ckvMZ wk¶v jv‡fi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki Kx welqÁvb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb? DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| m¤¢ve¨ DËi-

Â wk¶vµg m¤ú‡K© Ávb

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Â c×wZ I †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Ávb

Â DcKiY m¤ú‡K© Ávb

Â wk¶v_©x m¤ú‡K© Ávb

Â g~j¨vqb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Ávb

AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi wbKU Rvb‡Z Pvb-wk¶K G Ávb wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb? DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| m¤¢ve¨ DËi-

Â cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡eb Ges †m Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb

Â wk¶v_©x‡ì cviMZvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb

Â mKj wkïi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|

Â wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg Ggbfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb hv‡Z mKj wk¶v_©x wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i

Â wk¶v_©x‡ì cviMZv hvPvB Ki‡eb

Â wk¶v_©x‡ì Kv‡R Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges cÖksmv K‡ib|

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Â cÖZ¨K wkïi e¨w³MZ Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© mRvM †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki mv‡_ BwZevPK m¤úK© iv‡Lb|

Â cvV cwiKíbv ev wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g mnKg©x‡ì civgk© MÖnY K‡ib|

Â mgm¨vc~Y© wkïi wkLb mgm¨v mgvavb

DË‡ii m~Î a‡i ejyb-wk¶‡Ki †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †ckvMZ Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e, †m Ávb wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi Rb¨ BwZevPK g~j¨‡eva Z_v `„wófw½i m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â Rvb‡Z Pvb GKRb wk¶‡Ki †ckvMZ `¶Zv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ DwjøwLZ ¸YM‡jv _vKv Acwinvh© wKbv Ges DwjøwLZ ¸Y¸‡jv‡K GK K_vq Kx ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| m¤¢ve¨ DËi:

Â wk¶K †hvM¨Zv, wk¶K gvb, wk¶‡Ki êwkó¨ BZ¨vw`|

Â ejyb-Avm‡j GKRb wk¶‡Ki Ávb, Abykxjb/cÖ‡qvM Ges g~j¨‡eva m¤úwK©Z êwkó¨¸‡jv‡K wk¶K gvb ejv nq| G wel‡q cieZ©x Awa‡ek‡b we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kie|

KvR-2: wk¶K gv‡bi †¶Î, wkL‡bi wk¶K gvb,wk¶K †hvM¨Zv I cvi wk©Zvi m~PK wPwýZKiY mgq : 90 wgwbU

AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K 5wU `‡j fvM Kiæb

cÖ‡Z¨‡K `‡j wk¶K gvb Ges wk¶K †hvM¨Zv welqK Z_¨ cÎ mieivn Kiæb|

Gevi, cÖ_g `j: 1-6 bs wk¶K gvb, wØZxq `j: 7-12 bs wk¶K gvb, Z…Zxq `j: 13-18 bs wk¶K gvb, PZz_© j: 19-23bs wk¶K gvb fvM K‡i w`b Ges jMZfv‡e wk¶K gvb , wk¶K †hvM¨Zv I cviMZvi m~PK we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb

`jxq KvR †k‡l cÖkœ Kiæb-

» wk¶K gv‡bi †¶Î KqwU?

» wk¶K gvb KqwU?

» wk¶K gv‡bi cÖevn wPÎ Kx

» wk¶K gv‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó wk¶K †hvM¨Zvi m¤úK© Kx?

» wk¶K †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ cviMZvi m~P‡Ki m¤úK© Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Kiæb?

» mKj‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

KvR-3: wk¶K gv‡bi cvi`wk©Zvi m~PK Abyhvqx cÖgvY wPwýZKiY mgq: 1 N›Uv

Â cÖ‡Z¨‡K 69 I 70 c„ôvq QKwU (cÖgvY KjvgwU gy‡Q w`‡q) d‡UvKwc K‡i mieivn Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi ga¨ †_‡K 1Rb‡K cÖ_g-cÂg †kÖwYi †h †Kvb GKwU wel‡q wmgy‡jkb (cvV cwiKíbv Abymv‡i) Kivi eë¯’v Kiæb (A_ev GKwU wfwWI †`Lvi eë¯’v Kiæb)| wmgy‡jk‡b:

- mywbw`©ó wkLbdj _vK‡e

- wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi eY©bv _vK‡e

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- wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g wel‡qi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY _vK‡e,

- wk¶v_©x‡ì fyj aviYv `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ eë¯’v _vK‡e

- wk¶v_©x‡ì mwµq AskMÖnY mwµq AskMÖnY _vK‡e

- mKj wk¶v_©x Kv‡R AskMÖnY Ki‡e

- wk¶v_©x‡ì cviMZvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e

- mKj wkïi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e

- DcKi‡Yi eënvi _vK‡e

- wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg Ggbfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb hv‡Z mKj wk¶v_©x wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i

- wk¶v_©x‡ì cviMZv hvPvB Kiæb

- wk¶v_©x‡ì Kv‡R Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiæb Ges cÖksmv Kiæb|

- cÖZ¨K wkïi e¨w³MZ Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© mRvM †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki mv‡_ BwZevPK m¤úK© eRvq ivLyb|

» cvV †k‡l `jMZfv‡e we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡Pi wk¶K gvb Ges wk¶K †hvM¨Zv m¤^wjZ QKwUi cviMZvi m~PK Abyhvqx cÖgvY wjL‡Z wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiæb|

» `jxq KvR †k‡l `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR †k‡l g~j Z_¨c‡Îi (cÖgvYmn) mv‡_ wgj Ki‡Z ejyb|

» mKj‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

g~j vqb : mgq: 5 wgwbU

wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Kiæb-

y wk¶K gvb wK?

y wk¶K gv‡b †¶Î (Domain) KqwU I wK wK?

y wk¶K gv‡bi wkL‡bi †¶Î KqwU I wK wK?

y wk¶K gvb AR©b Kxfv‡e wbwðZ Kiv hvq?

¯^-AbywPšÍb : » AvR‡Ki Awa‡ek‡bi cÖ ‘wZ ch©vß wQj Kx? Avi Kx ai‡bi cÖ ‘wZ †bqv n‡j welqwU Av‡iv mnR‡eva¨ nZ?

» `‡j KvR Kivi mgq huviv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e wbw®Œq Zuv‡ì Kxfv‡e mwµq Kiv †hZ e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?


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wkLbdj: GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY -






KvR-: we`¨vj‡q evsjv weq‡q †kÖwY cwiPvjbv mgq 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU


Â GK Rb †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb, Ab¨iv mnvqZv Ki‡eb Ges †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †bvU wb‡eb|G †bvU wWweªwds †mk‡b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â c‡ii w`b Ab¨ Rb †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb, Ab¨iv mnvqZv Ki‡eb Ges †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †bvU wb‡eb| G †bvU wWweªwds †mk‡b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶‡Yi we‡eP¨ welq-





» wgkÖ`j, eÜy `‡j Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv wK wk¶v_©xiv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q?



72

Awa‡ekb 2 w`b

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mgq : 30 wgwbU




KvR-: evsjv welq mswkøó KvR †kÖwYK‡¶ cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv wewbgq mgq: 30 wgwbU



Â AwfÁZv ïbyb I †cøbvwi‡Z mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z aviYvv cwi®‹vi Kiæb








cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Bs‡iwR wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb, cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv I ˆ`wbK cvVcwiKíbv cÖYqb †KŠkj


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mgq : 3 N›Uv

c×wZ I †KŠkj : cÖ‡kœvËi, msw¶ß e³e¨ cÖ`vb, †Rvovq I `jxq KvR, gy³ Av‡jvPbv|

mnvqK mvgMÖx : cÖ_g- cÂg †kÖwYi Bs‡iRx cvVëB, †cv÷vi †ccvi, mvBb‡cb, gvK©vi, Z_¨cÎ BZ¨vw`|

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR -1: cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Bs‡iwR wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb mgq: 50 wgwbU

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Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb hwÌ Bs‡iRx we‡`kx fvlv, cvV¨cy¯Í‡K cvV¸‡jv Ggb †KŠk‡j wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q †h wk¶v_©xiv Zv AbymiY K‡i mn‡RB Bs‡iwR fvlvi 4 wU `¶Zv AvqI Ki‡Z cv‡i

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mv‡_ wk¶v_©x‡ì Bs‡iRx fvlvi `¶Zv AR©b Zyjbvg~jK fv‡e †Kb KwVb Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

Â AZtci evsjv Ges MwYZ wel‡q †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvi AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K cÖ_g- cÂg †kÖwYi cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi wkLb¯Íi wbY©‡qi †KŠkj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 5wU `‡j wef³ Kiæb| G‡KKwU `‡j (cÖ_g-Z…Zxq) †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK w`b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖ_g †_‡K †kl c„óv ch©šÍ GK bRi †`‡L †gvUvgywUfv‡e AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb|

cÖkœ Kiæb:

Â cÖ_g †kÖwYi wkï‡ì Ae¯’vb wbY©‡qi ¶‡Î Kx †KŠkj Aej¤^b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i?

Â wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZy_© Ges cÂg †kÖwYi †KŠkj Kxiƒc n‡Z cv‡i?

Â cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z Z_¨ c‡Îi Av‡jv‡K mnvqZv w`b|

Â AZtci ejyb, Letter, Word, Rhyme, Question & Answer BZ¨vwì Av‡jv‡K wewfbœ †kÖwY‡Z AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv gv_vq †i‡L wk¶v_©xi ¯Íi / `j / †kÖYxKiY Ki‡Z n‡e| GB †kÖwYKi‡Yi Ici wfwË K‡i cvw¶K I ˆ`wbK cwiKíbv K‡i cvV`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|

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KvR-1: cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb mgq: 1N›Uv 10 wgwbU

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Â cybivq cÖkœ Kiæb-

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m¤¢ve¨ DËi :

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» †kÖwYwfwËK cvV¨cy¯Í‡K D‡jøwLZ welqe¯‘i êwkó¨¸‡jv Kx Kx?

m¤¢ve¨ DËi:

(mnR †_‡K KwVb GB wkLbµ‡gi wfwË‡Z cÖ_g I wØZxq †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki AšÍf©y³ welq¸‡jv cÖavbZ †kvbv I ejv GB `ywU `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖYxZ| Z…Zxq †_‡K cÂg †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘¸‡jv cÖavbZ †kvbv, ejv, cov, †jLv `¶Zv jv‡fi Rb¨ cÖwYZ| welqe¯‘¸‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ wk¶K wewfbœ fvwlK KvR w`‡q mswkøó `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

» AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cybivq 5wU `‡j fvM K‡i cvw¶K I ˆ`wbK cvVcwiKíbvi QK mieivn Kiæb (Z_¨cÎ)

» QK AbymiY K‡i wba©vwiZ cvVmg~‡ni cvw¶K I ˆ`wbK cvVcwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb| cvVcwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

» cvVcwiKíbvmg~n Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq gy³ wkLb, mn‡hvwMZv g~jK wkLb Ges Scaffolding mn mwµq wkLb wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q wK bv Zv †`Lyb|

» cÖwZwU wkïi wkLb¯Íi Abymv‡i (`jwfwËK) KvR mn †kÖwY eë¯’vcbv I mgq eë¯’vcbv mwVK fv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Kxbv †`Lyb|

» cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji cvV cwiKíbv Dc¯’vcb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wbKU †_‡K gZvgZ Avnevb K‡i Ges Avcbvi wdWe¨vK hy³ K‡i Zv P~ovšÍ Kiæb|

KvR-2: cvw¶K g~j¨vqb mgq: 50 wgwbU

Â ejyb †h, †eR jvBb g~j¨vqb, cvw¶K cvVcwiKíbv Ges cvw¶K g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g Avgiv cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvie|

Â G Rb¨ wbqwgZ cvw¶K g~j¨vqb I †kÖwYKiY K‡i mKj wk¶v_©x‡ì Bs‡iwR wel‡q AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AR©b wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â †Kvb †kÖwYi mKj wk¶v_©xi Bs‡iwR wel‡q AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AR©b Kiv 3/4 gv‡mi g‡a¨ wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|G Rb¨ wbqwgZ fv‡e cvw¶K g~j¨vqb I Zvi †iKW© msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Bs‡iwR wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb, cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv I ˆ`wbK cvVcwiKíbv cÖYqb †KŠkj

75


y Bs‡iRx wel‡q †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kx Kx mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i

y evsjv wel‡qi cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡bi Av‡jv‡K Bs‡iRx wel‡q g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z †M‡j †Kvb †Kvb welq¸‡jv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e

76

Awa‡ekb 5 w`b

9

wkL‡b cÖhyw³i eënvi

g~jfve: wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖhyw³i f~wgKv Ab¯xKvh©| wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î A‡bKfv‡e cÖhyw³ eënvi Kiv hvq| cÖhyw³ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg‡K mnR, AvKl©Yxq Ges eënvi Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zv‡j| eZ©gvb wWwcGW †Kv‡m© G wel‡q LyeB ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K Zvi wb‡Ri Av‡ivwcZ KvR cÖYqb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Dc ’vcb Kivi Rb¨ hveZxq KvR cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e| myZivs GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K Aek¨B G wel‡q `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kx ai‡bi hš¿cvwZ, Kxfv‡e Zv eënvi Kiv n‡e Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov welqwfwËK wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g †Kvb †Kvb hš¿cvwZ Kxfv‡e eënvi Kiv n‡e Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|


1. wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kx Kx hš¿cvwZ eënvi Kiv nq Zvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb

2. wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î D³ hš¿cvwZ Kxfv‡e eënvi Kiv hvq Zv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

3. welqwfwËK Kx KvR cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g Kiv hvq Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb


c×wZ I †KŠkj: †eªBb ÷wg©s, `jxq KvR, †cøbvwi, †Rvovq KvR, Av‡jvPbv BZ¨vw`|

mnvqK mvgMÖx: hš¿cvwZ eënvi welqK Z_¨cÎ, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †jLv KvW©, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i, j¨vcUc, g‡Wg, K¨v‡giv, wfRy qvjvBRvi BZ¨vw`

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: wWwcGW †kªwYK‡ÿ wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î eëüZ hš¿cvwZ mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kivi ci mKj‡K wb‡q Avb›``vqK Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|

Â †ev‡W©i gvSLv‡b wjLyb/Kv‡W© wj‡L cÖ k©b Kiæb ÔAwa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi hš¿cvwZ eënvi Kiv nqÕGes ÔB‡Zvc~‡e©i Awa‡ekbmg~‡n Kx ai‡bi hš¿cvwZ eënvi Kiv n‡q‡QÕ| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Zvi ZvwjKv GKKfv‡e cÖ ‘Z Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Gevi †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ eën„Z hš¿cvwZi ZvwjKv cÖ ‘Z Ki‡Z ejyb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wbgœewY©Z QK mieivn Kiæb (mieivnK…Z Q‡K Wvb cv‡k k~b¨ ’vb _vK‡e)| Av‡jvPbv K‡i QK c~iY Ki‡Z ejyb| QK c~iY †k‡l Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

QK:

hš¿cvwZi bvg Kxfv‡e eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q

cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b w`b|

wkL‡b cÖhyw³i eënvi

77

KvR-3: cÖhyw³i eënvi Abykxjb (Practice) mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K hš¿cvwZ ms‡hvM Kivi Rb¨ mnvqZv Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges we`¨vj‡qi AwfÁZv GgGm Iqv‡W© wjL‡Z ejyb| AZtci D³ WKz‡g›U cvIqvi c‡q‡›U ¯øvBW Ki‡Z ejyb Ges `‡ji GKRb‡K Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â GKB `‡jÑwww.dpe.gov.bd/www.mopme.gov.bd I‡qemvBU wfwRU Ki‡Z ejyb Ges †mLv‡b Kx Kx welq AšÍf©y³ Kiv Av‡Q Zv ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â ¸Mj/Bqvû (Google/Yahoo/mozila firefox)-Gi gva¨‡g ÔUse technology in learningÕ mvP© (Search) Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Dchy³ WKz‡g›U WvDb‡jvW (Download) Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â D³ WKz‡g‡›Ui welqe¯‘ `‡ji GKRb‡K Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â D³ WKz‡g›U B-†gB‡j `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨‡K A¨vUvP (Attachment) K‡i cvVv‡Z ejyb|

KvR-4: welqwfwËK Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î cÖhyw³i eënvi mgq: 35 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì welq Abymv‡i (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq, cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ weÁvb) cuvPwU `‡j fvM Kiæb|

Â `‡j welq †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU welqe¯Íy wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â welqe¯Íy Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cvIqvi c‡q›U (møvBW) ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â KvR †k‡l mKj‡K †cøbvwi‡Z em‡Z ejyb| ch©vqµ‡g `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Dc¯’vcb †k‡l cÖwZ `‡ji Rb¨ †cWvMwR, mgq eë¯’vcbv, †jLvi mvBR I iO Ges Gwb‡gk‡bi Av‡jv‡K wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Kiæb|


y Ic‡ii welq m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì †evaMg¨Zv hvPvB Kiæb|

y Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

¯ÂbywPšÍb » mK‡j AskMÖnY K‡i‡Qb wK? †Kb K‡ibwb wPšÍv Kiæb|

» `jxq Kv‡R mevi AskMÖnY wQj wK? †KD wbw®Œq _vK‡j Zvi KviY fveyb|

» wkLbdj AR©‡b Abym„Z KvR h‡_ó wQj wK? bv _vK‡j bZzb Kx KvR Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i wPšÍv Kiæb|

» mK‡j wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK? bv cvi‡j Zvi Rb¨ fwel¨‡Z Kx c`‡ÿc †bqv n‡e?

78

Awa‡ekb 1 w`b

10

†kÖwYK‡¶ evsjv wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv







KvR-: we`¨vj‡q evsjv weq‡q †kÖwY cwiPvjbv mgq: 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU



Â c‡ii w`b Ab¨ Rb †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb, Ab¨iv mnvqZv Ki‡eb Ges †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †bvU wb‡eb| G †bvU wWweªwds †mk‡b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|









79

w`b

10Awa‡ekb 2

we`¨vjq wfwËK Kv‡Ri Dci cÖwZdjbg~jK Av‡jvPbv



mgq : 30 wgwbU




KvR-: evsjv welq mswkmœó KvR †kÖwYK‡¶ cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv wewbgq mgq 30 wgwbU











Dc‡ivwjøwLZ †KŠk‡j †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv ïaygvÎ evsjv wel‡q we‡kl K‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i mvewjj cvVK K‡i †Zvjvi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| wKš‘ wkÿK †Kvb wel‡qi wkLbdj Abymv‡i Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj e¨envi Ki‡eb| Z‡e Zv Aek¨ Aek¨ wkÿv_©x Ges Kg©‡µw›`K n‡Z n‡e|

80

Awa‡ekb 3 w`b

10

wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv I we`¨vjq AwfÁZv

g~jfve : bZzb wkÿK‡ì cÖviw¤¢K †hvM¨Zv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wWwcGW cÖwkÿY †Kvm© cªv_wgK I cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wkÿvi GKwU hyMvšÍKvix c`‡ÿc| eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ wm-Bb-GW †Kv‡m©i KvVv‡gvi eû †ÿ‡Î Zvrch©c~Y© cwieZ©b K‡i bZzb gvÎvq wWwcGW cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wPwUi ¯vZš¿ i‡q‡Q| wcwUAvB‡q †hfv‡e wkÿK cÖwkÿY †Kvm© cwiPvwjZ nq, Zv cwigvR©b K‡i mwµq ev Íe Abykxjb mshy³ K‡i wWwcGW †Kvm© mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q|eZ©gvb wWwcGW †Kvm©wU Ggb GK iƒcK‡íi Avav‡i aviY Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b wkïiv GKwU mvgwMÖK wkLb cwi‡e‡k m„Rbkxj I msMVbev`x wkÿY `k©‡bi Av‡jv‡K †jLvcov Ki‡e; G j‡ÿ¨ AbywPšÍbg~jK Abykxj‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i wkÿK-wkÿY cwiPvwjZ n‡e| AZtci GKwU wbw ©ó D‡Ïk¨ D™¢vweZ GK †mU gvb (standards) I †hvM¨Zvi (competencies) wbwi‡L Ic‡i ewY©Z Kvh©µg wbqwš¿Z I g~j¨vwqZ n‡e| Gfv‡e wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡ì AvbyôvwbK wkÿv‡K we`¨vj‡qi wkL‡bi mv‡_ evievi m¤úwK©Z Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Kg©m~wP wbw ©ó KvVv‡gv Abyhvqx wcwUAvB I †Uªwbs ‹z‡j AbywôZ n‡e e‡j wkL‡bi gv‡S GKwU †hŠ_ wµqvi cÖwZdjb N‡U hv‡e, d‡j wkÿv_©x I cÖwkÿYv_©x-wkÿK‡ì

g‡a¨ GKUv mv_©K cwi‡ek Zwi Ki‡e| G Awa‡ek‡b wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv Kx Ges we`¨vj‡qi AwfÁZv Kxfv‡e msNwUZ n‡e Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|


1. wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. we`¨vj‡q AwfÁZv AR©‡bi wkÿv`vk©wbK wfwË Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. we`¨vj‡q AwfÁZv AR©b Kxfv‡e n‡e Zv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

4. we`¨vj‡q AwfÁZv AR©b Kivi Rb¨ Kx Ki‡eb Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb


c×wZ I †KŠkj : †eªBb ÷wg©s, `jxq KvR, †cøbvwi, †Rvovq KvR, cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv BZ¨vw`

mnvqK mvgMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †jLv KvW©, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i, Kw¤úDUvi/j¨vcUc BZ¨vw`

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â mK‡ji mv‡_ Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb| Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kivi ci mKj‡K wb‡q Avb›``vqK †Kv‡bv KvR Kiæb|

Â cÖkœ KiæbÑ wWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv m¤ú‡K© Avcbviv Kx ï‡b‡Qb ev †R‡b‡Qb? K‡qKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K ej‡Z ejyb|

Â DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cuvPwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K mswkøó Z_¨cÎ mieivn Kiæb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡KÔwWwcGW †cÖvMÖvg KvVv‡gv KxÕ†m wel‡q gZvgZ wbb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Av‡jvPbvc~e©K G wel‡q aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|


81

KvR-2: †µwWU NÈv Abyhvqx welq mgq: 15 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ÔwWwcGW †Kv‡m© KqwU welq i‡q‡Q Ges welq¸‡jv KxÕZv ej‡Z ejyb Ges DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K wRÁvmv Kiæb we`¨vj‡q †gvU Kg©w`em Kq w`b? †gvU KqwU welq cov‡bv nq? mKj welq AvqË Kivi Rb¨ wK GKB iKg mg‡qi (NÈv) cÖ‡qvRb nq? mKj w`K we‡ePbv K‡i GKwU welq cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ Kqw`b (Kq NÈv) mgq cvIqv hvq? DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| Gevi Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Ô†µwWU NÈvÕ m¤ú‡K© aviYv ¯úó Kiæb| ejybÑGKwU †Kvm© hZ mg‡q m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K †µwWU NÈv e‡j| wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z 1 †µwWU NÈv = 15 NÈv we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wWwcGW †Kv‡m© †gvU 96 †µwWU NÈv aiv n‡q‡Q|

Â c~‡e© †jLv †cv÷v‡i †Kvb wel‡q KZ †µwWU NÈv i‡q‡Q Zv †ev‡W© UvwO‡q w`b Ges GKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K Zv co‡Z ejyb|

KvR-3: †µwWU NÈv Abyhvqx Uvg©wfwËK wcwUAvB Ges we`¨vj‡q Ae ’vb mgq: 15 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ejybÑwkÿKMY wcwUAvB‡qi welqÁvb we`¨vj‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡e| G Rb¨ cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq Uvg©‡K wcwUAvB‡Z Ges we`¨vj‡q Ae¯’v‡bi Rb¨ wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K cuvPwU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K mswkøó Z_¨cÎ mieivn Kiæb| `j‡K wb‡Pi QKwU Av‡jvPbv K‡i c~iY Ki‡Z ejyb Ges †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR †k‡l GKRb‡K `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Uvg© mßvn (Ae¯’vb) wkÿv_©xMY Kx KvR Ki‡eb

cÖ_g Uvg© (14 mßvn)

wØZxq Uvg© (11 mßvn)

Z…Zxq Uvg© (11 mßvn)

PZy_© Uvg© (16 mßvn)

KvR-4: †Uªwbs we`¨vjq Ges wbR¯^ we`¨vj‡q Ae¯’vbKvjxb gwbUwis Ges †gbUwis mgq: 15 wgwbU

Â ejybÑ Avgiv B‡Zvg‡a¨ †R‡bwQ wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i we`¨vj‡q `yBevi Placement i‡q‡Q|

» 12 gv‡mi g‡a¨ †Uªwbs we`¨vjq (A)

» 12 gvm ci wbR¯^ we`¨vjq B›Uvb©wkc (B)

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K †Uªwbs we`¨vjq Ges wbR¯^ we`¨vjq B›Uvb©wk‡c ÔKxfv‡e wkÿv_©xi Kvh©µg †gbUwis Ges gwbUwis Kiv n‡eÕ Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb Ges DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|

82


ejybÑ

» †Uªwbs we`¨vj‡q wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i †gbUwis Ges gwbUwis Ki‡eb|

» wbR¯^ we`¨vjq B›U©vbwk‡c cÖavb wkÿK, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi, BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i Ges wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i †gbUwis Ges gwbUwis Ki‡eb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K cuvPwU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K †cv÷vi †ccvi mieivn Kiæb| `j‡K wb‡Pi QKwU Av‡jvPbv K‡i mswkøó‡ì KiYxq Kx Zv †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| KvR †k‡l GKRb‡K `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Kg©KZ©vcÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq Uvg©-G

KiYxqPZz_© Uvg©-G KiYxq

cÖavb wkÿK

mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Awdmvi

BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i

wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i

KvR-5: we`¨vj‡q AwfÁZv AR©‡bi `vk©wbK wfwË I Dcvq mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avgiv wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| Gevi K‡qKRb‡K wR‡Ám Kiæb, wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?

m¤¢ve¨ DËiÑ

» we`¨vjq I †kÖwYKÿ‡K wfwË K‡i wkÿK‡ì PvKzwic~e© cÖwkÿY I avivevwnK †ckvMZ Dbœqb

» ZvwË¡K I eënvwiK Ges we`¨vjq Abykxjb †Kvm© mdjfv‡e mgvß Kiv

» we`¨vjq I †kÖwYKÿwfwËK wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R msMVb Z‡Ë¡i bxwZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv

» mwµq I wkïevÜe †kÖwYKÿ m„wói Rb¨ wkÿY wkLb Kv‡R †ckvMZ wkÿKgvb I wkÿv_©x-†hvM¨Zv wfwË K‡i AbywPšÍbbxwZ I msMVb Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM Kiv

» we`¨vjq I mgv‡Ri m‡½ mym¤úK© ¯’vcb

» AskMÖnYg~jK, wg_w¯Œqv Ges m„wókxj c×wZ‡Z Kxfv‡e bZzb Ávb m„Rb (Construct) Kiv hvq †m wel‡q AewnZ Kiv|


83

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿv`k©b (wfwË) m¤úK©xq Z_¨cÎwU mieivn Kiæb Ges GK K_vq wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi wkÿv`vk©wbK wfwË ev bxwZgvjv Kx Zv wbR LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb| m¤¢ve¨ DËiÑ

» MVbev` ZË¡ (Constructivist) wkÿv`k©b wkÿY g‡W‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q

» gy³ (Independent) wkLb g‡W‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q

» mn‡hvwMZvg~jK (Collaborative) wkLb g‡W‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q

» AbywPšÍbkxj (Reflective) wkLb g‡W‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q

» mwµq (Active) wkLb g‡W‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q

» G·‡cwi‡qbwkqvj (Experiential) wkLb g‡W‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q

» eûgyLx (MWTL) wkLb g‡W‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q

» Scaffolding wkLb g‡W‡ji Ici wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wbKU cÖkœ KiæbÑ wkLb Kxfv‡e N‡U? Zv‡ì gZvgZ †R‡b ejybÑ AwfÁZv †_‡K wkLb N‡U| Avevi wRÁvmv KiæbÑG ai‡bi AwfÁZv Kxfv‡e AR©b Kiv m¤¢e? wbgœiƒc Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡g AwfÁZv AR©b wel‡q aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|


y Ic‡ii Av‡jvPbv mswÿßfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

y Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

¯ÂbywPšÍb » mK‡j DËi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb wK? †Kb K‡ibwb wPšÍv Kiæb|



» mK‡j wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK? bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zvi Rb¨ Kx c`‡ÿc wb‡q‡Q fveyb| Awa‡ekb AskMÖnYg~jK wQj wK?

mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© AwfÁZv/m‡PZbZv

cÖ‡qvM cÖwZdjb/Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ aviYv wewbgq/Av‡jvPbv

gvbwmK cÖ¯‘wZ I Kg©cwiKíbv

84

Awa‡ekb 4 I 5w`b

10

wWwcGW †Kv‡m© welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb

g~jfve : †hvM¨ I `ÿ wkÿ‡Ki welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb Rvbv Acwinvh©| msMZ Kvi‡Y wWwcGW †Kv‡m©I wkÿv_©x‡ì welqÁvb (Subject Knowledge) I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb (Pedagogical Knowledge) Dcjwäi GKwU kw³kvjx wfwË cÖ`v‡bi cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G †Kvm©-KvVv‡gv wkÿv_©xiv cy•Lvbycy•Lfv‡e Aa¨qb, Abykxjb K‡i Gi AšÍwb©wnZ g~j¨‡eva AvZ¥¯’ Ki‡Z cvi‡j wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R Zv‡ì cvi`k©x K‡i Zzj‡e| DwjøwLZ j‡ÿ¨ eZ©gvb Awa‡ek‡b wWwcGW †Kv‡m© AšÍf©y³ welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|


1. welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Áv‡bi †ÿÎmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Áv‡bi welqe¯‘ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 3 NÈv

c×wZ/†KŠkj: †eªBb ÷wg©s, GKK KvR, `jxq KvR, Dc¯’vcb, †cøbvwi, djveZ©b

mnvqK mvgMÖx: wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i welqÁvb Ges wkÿYweÁvb welqK eB, welqÁvb Ges wkÿYweÁvb welqK Z_¨cÎ, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mvBb †cb, j¨vcUc, cÖ‡R±i BZ¨vw`

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì mv‡_ Kzkj I ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiæb Ges wkLbdjmg~n AewnZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi KvR ïiæ Kiæb|

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì Pvi-cuvPRb‡K welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb ej‡Z Kx Rv‡bb Zv ej‡Z ejyb| GKRb‡K †ev‡W© DËi¸‡jv wjL‡Z ejyb| †cøbvwi‡Z Av‡jvPbv K‡i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

KvR-2: welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Áv‡bi †ÿÎmg~n wPwýZ Kiv mgq: 1 NÈv 15 wgwbU

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Áv‡bi †ÿÎ¸‡jv wPwýZ K‡i

LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â wZb †Rvov‡K GKÎ K‡i `j MVb Kiæb| `‡j A‡jvPbv K‡i welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Áv‡bi

†ÿÎmg~n wPwýZ K‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b

gvwëwgwWqv eënvi K‡i P~ovšÍ Kiæb|

wWwcGW †Kv‡m© welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb

85

Awa‡ekb 4 I 5

KvR-3:welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Áv‡bi welqe¯‘ wPwýZKiv mgq: 60 wgwbU

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì QqwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖwZ `j‡K welq wbw`©ó K‡i w`b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wba©vwiZ wel‡qi AšÍZ cuvPwU welqe¯‘ wjL‡Z ejyb| AZtci wjwLZ welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb cÖ‡qvRb Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR mshy³ QK Abymv‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

welqÁvb

welqe¯Íyi ZvwjKv cÖ‡qvRbxq welqÁvb

Â Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wba©vwiZ wel‡qi eB (Gm‡K Ges wc‡K) w`b| `jxq Av‡jvPbv K‡i c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK…Z welqe¯Íy Dc¯’vc‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq wkÿYweÁvb welqK ÁvbwPwýZ K‡i mshy³ QK AbymiY K‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

wkÿYweÁvb

c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK…Z welqe¯Íyi ZvwjKvZvwjKvK…Z welqe¯Íy Dc¯’vc‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb (Pedagogical Knowl-edge)

Â mgMÖ Awa‡ek‡bi mvi-ms‡ÿc Kiæb| mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb mgvwß †NvlYv Kiæb|


y K) welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Áv‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx Zv cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì wbKU cÖkœ Kiæb|

y L) welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb nvjwdj ivLvi/Kivi Rb¨ Kx Ki‡Z n‡e?

¯^-AbywPšÍb » cÖwkÿK wb‡Ri Ges cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì D‡Ï‡k ivLv wbgœwjwLZ cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K wkLb AwfÁZv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiæb:

» Avwg wK welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Áv‡bi cwic~Y© aviYv e¨³ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ?

» Avwg wK fwel¨‡Z cÖwkÿY Awa‡ek‡b welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb mwVKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvie?

86

Awa‡ekb 1 w`b

11

we`¨vjqwfwËK MwYZ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv

wkLbdj : GB Awa‡ekY †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-


2. †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb c¨v‡KR eënvi K‡i we`¨vj‡q wM‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì MwYZ wel‡q †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 1N›Uv 30 wgwbU

c×wZ †KŠkj : Av‡jvPbv, nv‡Z Kj‡g †eBm jvBb g~j¨vqb

mnvqK mvgMÖx : g~j¨vqb Uyjm, di‡gU, MwYZ eB, KvwV, wewP (we`¨vjq †_‡K msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e)


KvR-1: wk¶v_©x‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© ˆZwi mgq: 15 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY Av‡Mi w`bB †K †Kvb ¯‹y‡j hv‡eb †R‡b †m ¯‹y‡j P‡j hv‡eb|

Â ¯‹y‡j cÖavb wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq wba©viY Ki‡eb †K †Kvb †kÖwYi †Kvb kvLvi wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

Â Gici wbw`©ó †kÖwY‡Z Xy‡K wk¶K I wk¶v_©x‡ì mv‡_ ï‡f”Qv I Kykj wewbgq Ki‡eb| wk¶v_©x‡ì Kv‡Q wM‡q wR‡Ám Kiæb Zviv †Kv_vq _v‡K, evox‡Z †K †K Av‡Qb? evev, gv wK K‡ib BZ¨vw`|

Â wk¶v_©x‡ì ejyb, Avcbviv Kx KvR Ki‡Z Zv‡ì Kv‡Q G‡m‡Qb, Zv‡ì‡K cix¶v wb‡Z G‡m‡Qb GK_v ej‡eb bv, Zv‡Z Zviv fq †c‡Z cv‡i| wk¶v_©x‡ì‡K mnR K‡i wbb|

KvR-2: †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb di‡gU I Uyjm mieivn mgq: 35 wgwbU

Â Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg †_‡K †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i cÖ_g - Z…Zxq †kÖwY ch©šÍ Avjv`v †eRjvBb g~j¨vqb Uyjm ˆZwi K‡i ¯‹y‡j hvIqvi Av‡M mieivn Kiæb| †hgb:-Z…Zxq †kÖwYi Rb¨ wØZxq †kÖwYi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i Uyjm Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â g~j¨vqb di‡g‡U mieivn Kiæb I di‡gU c~i‡Yi wbqgvewj eywS‡q w`b|

Â †kÖwY‡Z Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡e Zvi wbqgvewj eywS‡q w`b|

wbqgvewj » †kÖwY wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq †kÖwYK‡¶ GKwU myweavgZ RvqMv wbw`©ó K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

» †kÖwY wk¶K wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i cvV`vb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z _vK‡e|

» Gevi myweavg‡Zv 1 Rb/2 Rb/ 4 R‡bi `j wb‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb ïiæ Kiæb|


87

» †h wk¶v_©xi g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb cÖ_‡g Zvi bvg, †ivj b¤î g~j¨vqb di‡g‡U wj‡L DËi mwVK n‡j (√) wPý Ges fyj n‡j () wPý w`‡Z n‡e

» †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x‡ì msLv Abyhvqx 40 wgwb‡U H †kÖwYi A‡a©K wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

KvR-3: nv‡Z Kj‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â †kÖwY wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq †kÖwYK‡¶ GKwU myweavgZ RvqMv e‡m g~j¨vqb ïiæ Ki‡Z ejyb

Â †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x‡ì msL¨v Abyhvqx 40 wgwb‡U H †kÖwYi A‡a©K wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z ejyb

Â g~j¨vqb †k‡l cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ª wd‡i Avm‡Z ejyb

88

Awa‡ekb 2 w`b

11

we`¨vjqwfwËK MwYZ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvi Dci cÖwZdjbg~jK Av‡jvPbv


1. MwYZ welq mswkøó Awa‡ek‡bi KvR¸‡jv †kÖwYK‡¶ cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 30 wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj : `‡j Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, †eªBb ÷wgs



KvR- : we`¨vjqwfwËK MwYZ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb AwfÁZv wewbgq mgq: 30 wgwbU


Â AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wR‡Ám Kiæb AvR‡K MwYZ welq †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvi Kx Kx AwfÁZv n‡q‡Q?



89

w`b

11Awa‡ekb 3

cÖwZwU wkïi MwY‡Z cvVMZ Ae¯’vb hvPvB I †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Uyjm I di‡gU cwiwPwZ


1. †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ;

2. †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ Uyjm I †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

3. Uyjm eënvi K‡i wkï‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb I g~j¨vqb di‡gU c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj : `‡j Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, †eªBb ÷wg©s

mnvqK mvgMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi, mvBb‡cb ,Z_¨cÎ, gvK©vi, MwYZ cvVëB


KvR-1 : †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi aviYv mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, MwYZ wel‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Ki‡Z †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡b Kx Kx welq †`L‡Z n‡e

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ ïbyb I MwY‡Zi wkL‡bi †¶Î I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e Zv eywS‡q ejyb †hgb:-Z…Zxq †kÖwYi Rb¨ wØZxq †kÖwYi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i Uyjm Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â ejyb, g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨v‡g wkLb Íi ev wkLb Pvwn`v Rvbvi ci Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i AvMvgx 15 w`‡bi Rb¨ cvw¶K cwiKíbv Ki‡Z nq hv‡Z mKj wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZ nq

KvR-2 : †eBmjvBb gyj¨vqb Uyjm, di‡gU I eënviwewa cwiwPwZ mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb MwYZ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb KvRwU fv‡jvfv‡e Kivi Rb¨ Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q ¯úó nIqv cÖ‡qvRb, Kx w`‡q †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e, Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv Ges g~j¨vqb †iKW© Kxfv‡e ivLv n‡e

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb,

» cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ wkï‡ì MwY‡Zi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ MwYZ wel‡qi Dci 2wU †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb bgybv-Uyjm ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges

» Uyj‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i g~j¨vqb dj msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ `yBwU bgybv-g~j¨vqb di‡gU QK ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

90


Gevi,

» AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gv‡S †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Uyjm I di‡gUwU weZiY Kiæb

» di‡gU c~i‡Yi †KŠkj wb‡q †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb Ges †Kvb welq A¯úó _vK‡j Zv ¯úó Kiæb|

» AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb GwU bgybv gvÎ, †h †Kvb †kÖwYi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Uyjm Zvi c~e©eZ©x †kÖwYi †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR : †QvU `‡j †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Abykxjb mgq: 45 wgwbU

Â cÖ_‡g Z…Zxq †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x wb‡q Zv‡ì MwYZ wel‡qi g~j¨vqb K‡i †`Lvb

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 5wU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges cÖwZwU `‡ji mevB‡K †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb c¨v‡KRwU A_©vr g~j¨vqb Uyjm I eënviwewai Z_¨cÎ w`b|

Â cÖwZ `‡j GKRb wk¶K I Abïv Qv‡Îi f~wgKvq Awfbq K‡i g~j¨vqb Uyjm I eënviwewa AbymiY K‡i di‡gU c~iY Ki‡Z ejyb

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g~j¨vqb Uyjm, di‡gU I g~j¨vqb eënviwewa AbymiY K‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Kxfv‡e Ki‡e Zv cÖ‡qvR‡b †`wL‡q w`b | cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j Avcwb Ny‡i Ny‡i mnvqZv Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì eo `‡j wdwi‡q Avbyb, Ges †eBm jvBb g~j¨vqb m¤úwK©Z Kv‡iv †Kvb aviYv A¯úó _vK‡j Zv ¯úó Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixiv AvMvgxw`b †K †Kvb ¯‹y‡j ev †Kvb †kÖwYi †Kvb kvLvi wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb Zv Rvwb‡q w`b|




y MwYZ wel‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Ki‡Z †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡b Kx Kx welq †`L‡Z n‡e ?

y jvBb g~j¨vqb Uyjm wK‡miwfwË‡Z ˆZwi Kiv nq?



91

w`b

11Awa‡ekb 4 I 5

†g›Uwis I wk¶K gvbwkLbdj: G Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

1. †g›Uwis Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. †g›Uwis Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. Mentor I MenteeÕi ¸Yvewj ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

4. †kÖwY cvV ch©‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i wbw`©ó wk¶K gvb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

5. wbe©vwPZ wk¶K gv‡bi Av‡jv‡K †kÖwY cvV ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

6. cv‡Vi mej I Dbœq‡bi †¶Î wPwýZ K‡i wk¶K gv‡bi Av‡jv‡K wdWe¨vK w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 3 N›Uv

c×wZ I †KŠkj: f~wgKv Awfbq, †eªBb ÷wg©s, cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv I `jxq KvR

mnvqK mvgMÖx: gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, Z_¨cÎ BZ¨vw`


KvR-1: f~wgKv Awfbq mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi mv‡_ mvjvg I Kykj wewbgq K‡i Awa‡ek‡bi m~Pbv Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi ga¨ †_‡K 4 Rb‡K f~wgKv Awfb‡qi Rb¨ wbe©vPb Kiæb (GK Rb cÖavb wk¶K, 2Rb cyivZb wk¶K Ges 1Rb bZyb wk¶K) Ges Ab¨‡`i‡K cieZ©x‡Z cÂg †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x‡`i f‚wgKvq Awfbq Ki‡Z ej‡eb GKwU K¬vm cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ | f~wgKv Awfb‡qi welq eywS‡q w`b (c~‡e©i w`b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i)|

» f~wgKv Awfbq-2 welq: Awd‡m cÖavb wk¶K e‡m Av‡Qb| Zvi mvg‡b/cv‡ki †Pqv‡i 2Rb wk¶K e‡m Av‡Qb| Ggb mgq bZyb wk¶K we`¨vj‡q †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡ek Ki‡eb| bZyb wk¶K mvjvg wewbgq Ki‡eb| cÖavb wk¶K AvšÍwiKfv‡e mvjvg MÖnY Ki‡eb| cÖavb wk¶K †hvM`vb cÎ nv‡Z †b‡eb Ges Ly‡j †`L‡eb| Zvici cÖavb wk¶K Ab¨ 2Rb wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ cwiPq Kwi‡q †`‡eb| wZwb wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ welq Rvb‡eb-†hgb wZwb †Kvb wel‡q cov‡kvbv K‡i‡Qb, cwiev‡i Avi †K †K Av‡Qb, Zviv †K wK K‡ib, we`¨vjq †_‡K KZ `~‡i _v‡Kb, we`¨vj‡q Avm‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡Z cv‡i BZ¨vw`| wZwb bZyb wk¶K‡K Drmvn w`‡eb| cÖavb wk¶K Zv‡K cÖ_g mßvn we`¨vjq Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z ej‡eb Ges GKRb wk¶‡Ki K¬vm ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z ej‡eb| wZwb GKRb cyivZb AwfÁ wk¶K‡K Zv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z ej‡eb| bZyb wk¶K cyivZb wk¶‡Ki wbK‡U em‡eb Ges KLb Zvi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq Zvi Rb¨ mgq wba©viY Ki‡eb|

92


» wba©vwiZ mg‡q `yR‡b em‡eb Ges e¨w³MZ Avjvc †m‡i wVKvbv / †dvb b¤î †b‡eb| Gevi cyivZb wk¶K Kxfv‡e h_vh_fv‡e cvV`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvi Rb¨ civgk© †`‡eb (cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii KqwU welq i‡q‡Q, K¬vk iæwUb, DcKiY, wkLb mvgMÖx wb‡q Avjvc Ki‡eb)| cieZ©x‡Z cÖavb wk¶K cÂg †kÖwY‡Z hv‡eb Ges wk¶K‡K cwiPq Kwi‡q †`‡eb| byZb wk¶K Bs‡iwR cvV`vb Ki‡eb|

Â cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì‡K cÖkœ Kiæb: » GLv‡b cÖavb wk¶K‡Ki f~wgKv Kx ai‡bi wQj?

» Ab¨ 2Rb wk¶K‡Ki f~wgKv Kx wQj?

» bZyb wk¶‡Ki g‡bi Ae¯’v Kx wQj?

» bZyb wk¶K wK h_vh_fv‡e cvV`vb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb?

» Mentoring (†g›Uwis) kãwU †nvqvBU †ev‡W©i gvSLv‡b wjLyb|G kãwU m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì aviYv Kx Zv wRÁvmv Kiæb| Zv‡ì †Ìqv DËi Mentoring kãwUi PZyw`©‡K †nvqvBU †ev‡W© wjLyb| †jLv †kl Z_¨ c‡Îi Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g wk¶KZv †ckvi mv‡_ mswkøó K‡i welqwU we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb hv‡Z G wel‡q Zv‡ì aviYv cwi¯‹vi nq|

KvR-2: †g›Uwis Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡jvPbv I Mentor I MenteeÕi ¸Yvewj Av‡jvPbv 40 wgwbU

» wk¶KZv †ckvq Mentoring Gi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q wKbv Zv wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡Z ejyb|

» cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì 5/6wU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖwZwU `j‡K wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡ì †ckvMZ Kv‡R we‡kl K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi `¶Zv Dbœq‡b Mentoring Kxfv‡e Kv‡R jvM‡e Zv wb‡Pi Q‡K wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â †jLv †k‡l 2/3wU `j‡K Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| evwK `j¸‡jv‡K Av‡jvPbv Abyhvqx Zv‡ì `jxq KvR ms‡kvab K‡i wb‡Z ejyb Ges Zv‡ì †jLvi bZyb †Kvb welq _vK‡j Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

QK

†g›Uwis Gi d‡j †gw›Ui Rb¨ mydj

†g›Uwis Gi d‡j we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ mydj

Ab¨vb¨ wk¶K‡ì Rb¨ mydj

» Mentoring Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjw×i ci Mentor Gi Kx Kx ¸Yvewj _vKv cÖ‡qvRb †m m¤ú‡K© cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì gZvgZ Rvbvi †Póv Kiæb|

» Zv‡ì 4/5 Rb‡K G welq wR‡Ám Kiæb I Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| AZci Mentoring ¸Yvewj cvIqvi c‡q›U Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|

» Dc¯’vc‡bi wel‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM w`b |

†g›Uwis I wk¶K gvb

93

» Mentoring Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv » Mentor Gi ¸Yvewj » MenteeÕi ¸Yvewj

KvR-3: †g›Uwis Gi †KŠkj mgq : 20 wgwbU

Â mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiæb: †g›Uwis Kivi †¶‡Î cÖavb KvR¸‡jv Kx Kx n‡Z cv‡i?

m¤¢ve¨ DËi:

» we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb, iæwU m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i `vwqZ¡ e›Ub

» †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv I GKgZ

» wk¶v_©x‡`i eZ©gvb Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© GKwU mvwe©K aviYv cÖ`vb

» wk¶v_©x‡`i cov‡kvbvi gvb Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© gZ wewbgq Ges GKgZ n‡q †m j¶¨ Kvh©µg MÖnY

» †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶Y m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv

» cÖavb wk¶K wk¶K‡hvM¨Zv m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb

» wk¶K gvb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K cici wb‡gœ wjwLZ cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 2 wgwbU wPšÍv Kivi mgq w`‡q †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K †Rvov †_‡K DËi †R‡b †ev‡W© wjLyb|

» Avcbvi we`¨vj‡q GKRb wk¶vbexk wk¶K (wcwUAvB wk¶v_©x) †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z Avm‡j Avcwb Kx Ki‡eb?

» we`¨vj‡q GKRb wk¶vbexk wk¶K †hvM`vb Ki‡j we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶K Ges wk¶KMY Kx Ki‡eb?

» GKRb wk¶vbexk wk¶‡Ki (wcwUAvB wk¶v_©x) †ckvMZ `¶Zv AR©‡b Avcwb Kxfv‡e f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡ib

KvR-4: †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g †g›Uwis Gi †¶Î wPwýZKi‡Yi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv I wk¶K gvb wbe©vPb mgq: 50 wgwbU

Â cÖ_‡gB 4Rb AskMÖnYKvix‡K cvV ch©‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ wbe©vPb Kiæb|

Â ch©‡e¶KMY‡K QK mieivn Kiæb

Â cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ wk¶K wbe©vPb Kiæb| wk¶K‡K wba©vwiZ wel‡q cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwic~e©K cvV mswkø÷ DcKiYmn cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z mgq w`b|

Â ch©‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ wk¶K gv‡bi Av‡jv‡K †¶Î wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ cÖwk¶Y K‡¶i gv‡S †Pqvi †Uwe‡j †MvjvKvi n‡q Av‡jvPbvq em‡Z ejyb|

94


Â ch©‡e¶KMY wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i cvV ch©‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ wk¶K gv‡bi wZbwU †¶Î †hgb-Ávb I Dcjwä, Abykxjb Ges g~j¨‡eva I m¤úK© ¯’vcb †_‡K 1wU K‡i †gvU 3wU wk¶K gvb wbe©vPb Kiæb hvi Av‡jv‡K cvV ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â Aewkó AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K QvÎ wn‡m‡e Awfbqb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cieZ©x‡Z mK‡ji mv‡_ cÖ‡kœvË‡i Av‡jvPbv K‡i G wel‡q Zv‡`i aviYv cwi®‹vi Kiæb Ges

Â wk¶K‡K cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ †bqvi civgk© w`b|

Â wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi Av‡qvRb Kiæb Ges wk¶K‡K cvV Dcmvncb Ki‡Z ejyb

Â cÖ‡Z¨‡K ch©‡e¶K‡K wbe©vwPZ wk¶Kgv‡bi Av‡jv‡K I †kÖwYch©‡e¶Y †PKwj÷ e¨envi K‡i cvV ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z ejyb|

†g›U‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi †iKW©

[GB †iKW© †g›Ui Ges †gw›Ui g‡a¨ G‡K Ac‡ii Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e| `yR‡bB Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ¯^v¶i Ki‡eb Ges †gw›U Zvi †cvU©dwjI‡Z msi¶Y Ki‡eb]

1. mgm¨v/ †¶Î(wk¶K gv‡bi Av‡jv‡K)

:

2. Av‡jvPbvi g~j welq(wk¶K gv‡bi Av‡jv‡K)

:

3. cwiKíbv MÖnY :

4. wb‡Ri (†gw›U) ¯^-AbywPšÍb :

5. †g›U‡ii gšÍe¨(cieZ©x j¶¨ /target wbiavY)

¯^v¶i †g›Ui: †gw›U:

KvR-6: ch©‡e¶YK…Z cv‡Vi mej I Dbœq‡bi †¶Î wPwýZKiY Ges wk¶Kgv‡bi Av‡jv‡K wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â cvV ch©‡e¶Y †k‡l ch©‡e¶KMY‡K cÖ_‡g GKvKx cieZ©x‡Z †Rvovq e‡m cv‡Vi mej I Dbœq‡bi †¶Î wPwýZ K‡i wbe©vwPZ wk¶Kgv‡bi Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wdWe¨vK cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â GKRb‡K ch©‡e¶K wn‡m‡e wk¶Kgv‡bi Av‡jv‡K wk¶v‡K wdWe¨vK w`‡Z ejyb Ges cieZ©x j¶¨ /target wba©viY(wk¶Kgv‡bi Av‡jv‡K) Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ‡kœvË‡i Av‡jvPbv K‡i Awa‡ekb mgvwß Kiæb|

†g›Uwis I wk¶K gvb

95



y †g›Uwis Kx ?

y †g›Uwis Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx ?

y Mentor I MenteeÕi ¸Yvewj e¨vL¨v Kiæb|



96

Awa‡ekb 1 w`b

12


wkLbdj : GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnbKvixMY-


2. †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb c¨v‡KR eënvi K‡i we`¨vj‡q wM‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì MwYZ wel‡q †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 40 wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj : Av‡jvPbv, nv‡Z Kj‡g †eBm jvBb g~j¨vqb

mnvqK mvgMÖx : g~j¨vqb Uyjm, di‡gU, MwYZ eB, KvwV, wewP (we`¨vjq †_‡K msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e)


KvR: nv‡Z Kj‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â †kÖwY wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq †kÖwYK‡¶ GKwU myweavgZ RvqMvq e‡m g~j¨vqb ïiæ Ki‡Z ejyb

Â †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x‡ì msLv Abyhvqx 40 wgwb‡U H †kÖwYi A‡a©K wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z ejyb

Â g~j¨vqb †k‡l cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ª wd‡i Avm‡Z ejyb

97

w`b

12Awa‡ekb 2

we`¨vjqwfwËK MwYZ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvi Dci cÖwZdjb g~jK Av‡jvPbv



mgq : 30 wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj : Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, †eªBb ÷wg©s

mnvqK mvgMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi,gvK©vi


KvR: we`¨vjq wfwËK MwYZ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb AwfÁZv wewbgq mgq: 30 wgwbU


Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wR‡Ám Kiæb AvR‡K MwYZ welq †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvi Kx Kx AwfÁZv n‡q‡Q?


Â Gici AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wR‡Ám Kiæb †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cÖkœ c‡Î wk¶v_©xiv †Kgb ai‡bi f‚j K‡iwQj?

wk¶v_©xi MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘yi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †¶‡Î †h ai‡bi f‚j K‡i‡Q Zv wb‡`©k Ki‡Z ejyb|

A_©vr,

» msL¨v cov I †jLv

» msL¨v c×wZ

» †hvM (nv‡Z †i‡L, nv‡Z bv †i‡L)

» we‡qvM (nv‡Z †i‡L, nv‡Z bv †i‡L)

» mgm¨vg~jK mgm¨v

Â Zv‡ì DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© ev wd¬cPv‡U© wjL‡Z ejyb, Zv‡ì DËi †kvbvi ci Avcwb †hvM Kiæb|

Â wk¶v_©x‡ì fyj m¤ú‡K© cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì AwfÁZv †kvbvi ci, Zv‡ì wR‡Ám Kiæb, G ai‡bi fyj nevi KviY Kx? K‡qK R‡bi gZvgZ †kvbvi ci Avcwb †hvM Kiæb-

Â K‡qK R‡bi gZvgZ †kvbvi ci MwY‡Zi GB †¶Î¸‡jv A_©vr msL¨v, cov, †jLv, msL¨v c×wZ, †gŠwjK Pvi wbqg Gi mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvav‡b f‚j nevi g~j KviY cwi®‹vi Kiæb|


98

w`b

12Awa‡ekb 3

†kÖwYwfwËK cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi MwYZ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb djvdj we‡kølY I wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb¯Íi Abyhvqx wefvRb


1. †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi mvnv‡h¨ nv‡Z Kj‡g, cÖwZ †kÖwY‡Z Aew¯’Z K‡qKRb wk¶v_©xi MwYZ wel‡qi cÖv_wgK cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ;

2. GKB †kÖwY‡Z †h wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wk¶v_©x _vK‡Z cv‡i Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb ;

3. †kÖwYi cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi MwYZ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wfwË‡Z H †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x‡ì K‡qKwU fv‡M fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj : Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, †cøbvwi Av‡jvPbv

mnvqK mvgMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, mvBb‡cb, (w`b-12, Awa-2, Z_¨cÎ-1)


KvR-1: we`¨vj‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi Dci cÖwZdjbg~jK Av‡jvPbv mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|

Â Zuv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb Avcbviv mevB g~j¨vqb Uyjm eënvi K‡i nv‡Z Kj‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb| wk¶v_©x‡ì Z_¨¸‡jv Avcbviv wba©vwiZ di‡g‡U Q‡K (Z_¨cÎ) msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|

Â Avcbviv †QvU`‡j GB djvdj¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki‡eb Ges †kÖwYwfwËK wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Zv‡ì †kÖwYKiY Ki‡eb, A_©vr wk¶v_©x‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì wewfbœ `‡j fvM Ki‡eb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì, GKB we`¨vj‡q huviv g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì GKwU `‡j em‡Z ejyb|

KvR-2: †QvU`‡j wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb we‡kølY I †kÖwYKiY mgq: 1 N›Uv

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì we`¨vjq Abyhvqx 4/5wU `‡j em‡Z ejyb| `‡j e‡m Zviv H we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vq‡b cvIqv djvdj¸‡jv wkLb Íi Abyhvqx fvM Ki‡Z ejyb

Â †h di‡gU ev Q‡K (Z_¨cÎ) wk¶v_©x‡ì we‡kølYK…Z djvdj Zyj‡Z n‡e, Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡ì eywS‡q w`b Ges †cv÷vi †ccv‡i Gu‡K Zv Sywj‡q w`b|

Â `jxq KvR †k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì eo ‡j wdwi‡q Avbyb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K j‡K Zv‡ì jxq KvR Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â jxq KvR Dc ’vc‡bi mgq Ab¨`‡ji †Kvb cÖkœ Av‡Q wKbv ev †Kvb ms‡hvRb Av‡Q wKbv Zv wR‡Ám Kiæb|

†kÖwYwfwËK cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi MwYZ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb djvdj we‡kølY I wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb¯Íi Abyhvqx wefvRb

99

Awa‡ekb 3

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, Avcbv‡ì Dc¯’vcb †_‡K †evSv hv‡”Q †h evsjvi g‡ZvB MwY‡Zi cÖwZ †kÖwY‡Z wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wk¶v_©xiv Av‡Q| myZivs, MwYZ wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ‡Z Ggb YMZ cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡e †hb †kÖwYi mKj wk¶v_©x‡K Zv‡ì wkLb ¯Íi †_‡K wkLb Kv‡R AskMÖnY Kiv‡bv hvq|


Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K AvMvgx w`b gK K¬vk cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ 4 `‡j fvM K‡i 2 `j‡K evsjv I 2 `j‡K MwYZ wel‡q cÖ¯ÍwZ wb‡Z e‡j w`b

100

Awa‡ekb 4 w`b

12

MwY‡Zi mgq eë¯’vcbv

g~jfve: †kÖwY‡Z djcÖm~ I Kvh©Ki cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ wkÿ_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`vi Íi Dc‡hvMx cwiKwíZ KvR msewjZ cvV cwiKíbv Acwinvh©| Avi cvV cwiKíbvq DwjøwLZ KvR¸‡jv m~Pviæiƒ‡c m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ KvRwfwËK mgq wefvRb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cwiKwíZ Kv‡R wkÿv_©x‡ì AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i wefvwRZ mgq Abymv‡i cvV`vb Ki‡j wkÿv_©xiv mn‡RB wkLbdj AR©b K‡i|


1. MwY‡Zi eZ©gvb mgq wefvRb Abyhvqx KvR wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. wkÿK I wkÿv_©xi mg‡qi mwVK I m‡e©v”P eënvi Kivi †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


mnvqK mvgMÖx: †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv I wfRy¨qvjvBRvi|

c×wZ/†KŠkj: cÖ‡kœvËi, †QvU `j, Av‡jvPbv|

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY


Â mevB‡K ky‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|

Â Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k ejyb, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv cÖ_‡g cÖPwjZ MwY‡Zi mgq wefvRb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie| c‡i mevB wg‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨, wkÿK-wkÿv_©xi mg‡qi mwVK eënv‡ii j‡ÿ¨ GKwU cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv ˆZwi Kie|

KvR-2: MwY‡Zi eZ©gvb mgq eë¯’vcbv mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì mevB‡K cuvPwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| `‡j †cv÷vi †ccvi I gvK©vi w`b| `‡j e‡m mevi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i MwY‡Zi 40 wgwbU mg‡q Kx Kx KvR Kiv‡bv nq Ges KZ mgq wkÿK I wkÿv_©x e¨q K‡ib Zv wVK Ki‡Z ejyb| Zviv †hb KvRwU GKwU Q‡Ki gva¨‡g †`Lv‡Z cv‡i Zv e‡j w`b|

Â `‡ji KvR †kl n‡j Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq Ab¨ `‡ji c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi DËi Aci `j‡K w`‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiæb|

KvR-3: cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv I wkLb eë¯’vcbv mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ejyb, Avgiv evsjv wel‡qi cÖ‡Z¨K wkï wkÿv_©xi wkLb Pvwn`v wbwðZ Ki‡Z GKwU mgq eë¯’vcbv ˆZwi K‡iwQjvg|

Â MwY‡Zi †ÿ‡ÎI Avgiv GB D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L MwY‡Zi Rb¨ Av‡iKwU mgq eë¯’vcbv ˆZwi Kie| Gici MwY‡Zi 40 wgwbU mg‡q KvR¸‡jv‡K wVK †i‡L mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZvq GKwU QK ˆZwi Kiæb Ges wkÿK-wkÿv_©xi KvR I mgq wba©viY Kiæb|

MwY‡Zi mgq eë¯’vcbv

101

Â Gici gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g wb‡Pi MwY‡Zi mgq eë¯’vcbvi QKwU Dc¯’vcb Kiæb| Kv‡iv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi DËi w`b|

Â Awa‡ekb †kl Kivi Av‡M mevB‡K Z_¨cÎwU weZiY Kiæb| abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|



y mgq eë¯’vcbv Kivi mgq wk¶v_©x‡ì cviMZvi ¯Íi‡K Kxfv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡eb?

y cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbvq mg‡qi D‡jøL Kxfv‡e Ki‡eb?

¯ÂbywPšÍb » AvR‡Ki Awa‡ek‡bi cÖ ‘wZ ch©vß wQj Kx? Avi Kx ai‡bi cÖ ‘wZ †bqv n‡j welqwU Av‡iv mnR‡eva¨ nZ?


102

Awa‡ekb 5 w`b

12

gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv (AskMÖnYKvix)


1. K¬vm cwiPvjbvi me ai‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z cvi‡eb;

2. wk¶v_©x‡ì ¯ÍiwfwËK Kv‡R mwµq †i‡L mgq I wkLb eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx K¬vm cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 2 NÈv

c×wZ : wmgy‡jkb, eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, †QvU `j

DcKiY : †kÖwYwfwËK evsjv I MwYZ cvVëB, cvV mswkøó wkLb †kLv‡bv DcKiY, cvV cwiKíbv

cÖwµqv :

KvR- 1 : gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv cÖ¯‘wZ mgq: 20 wgwbU


Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb GB Awa‡ek‡b Avcbviv evsjv I MwY‡Zi gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|

Â cÖwk¶‡Yi PZz_© w`b mnvqK Avcbv‡ì GKwU gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv K‡i †`wL‡q‡Q| †mLvb †_‡K Avcbviv mg‡qi eënvi, †kÖwYK¶ I wkLb eë¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© aviYv †c‡q‡Qb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, MZKvj Awa‡ekb †k‡l Avcbv‡ì K¬vm cwiPvjbvi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z Aby‡iva Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| †Kvb 2 `j gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv Ki‡e, jUvwii gva¨‡g wba©viY Kiæb| †mB 2 `j‡K K¬vm cwiPvjbvi hveZxq cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb|

KvR- 2 : gK K¬vm Dc¯’vcb mgq: 1 NÈv 15 wgwbU

Â cÖ_g `j gK K¬vm cwiPvjbvi mgq Ab¨ `j&¸‡jv cvV ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡e|

Â Zuv‡ì‡K ejyb cÖ‡Z¨K `j 35 wgwb‡Ui evsjv/MwYZ K¬vm cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ 20 wgwbU K‡i mgq cv‡eb|

Â GB gK K¬vm cwiPvjbvi mgq ch©‡e¶KMY wk¶K K¬vm cwiPvjbvi cÖwZwU avc, wk¶K I wk¶v_©xi mgq I Kv‡Ri mwVK eënv‡ii w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡eb|

KvR- 3 : wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb I ch©v‡jvPbv mgq: 20 wgwbU

me¸‡jv `‡ji K¬vm Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j Zv‡ì‡K RvqMvq em‡Z ejyb Gici ch©‡e¶K‡K H wk¶K‡ì K¬vm cwiPvjbvi Dci D‡jøL‡hvM¨ c‡q›U ej‡Z ejyb| †hgb-

» cÖ_‡g mej w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

» Dbœqb‡hvM¨ w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv

gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv (AskMÖnYKvix)

103

Â GQvovI Ab¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i KvQ †_‡KI gšÍe¨ ïb‡eb| Z‡e †KD †hb wdWe¨v‡Ki cybive„wË bv K‡i †mB w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡eb|




Kxfv‡e wdWe¨vK cÖ`vb Kiv hvq ?



104

Awa‡ekb 1 w`b

13

we`¨vj‡q nv‡Z Kj‡g MwYZ wel‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv|


1. cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ †h †Kvb GKwU †kÖwY‡Z MwYZ wel‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq :1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU

c×wZ : nv‡Z Kj‡g †kÖwY cwiPvjbv

DcKiY : cvV mswkøó DcKiY, cvVëB

cÖwµqv :

KvR : we`¨vj‡qi MwYZ wel‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv| mgq 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ †h †h †kÖwY‡Z †eBm jvBb g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡K †mB †kÖwY‡Z cvV w`‡Z ejyb

Â †kÖwY‡Z MwYZ wel‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq eë¯’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z ejyb

Â ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv AbymiY K‡i †kÖYx cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z ejyb

Â Giæc 40 wgwb‡Ui `ywU cvV cÖ`vb †k‡l wb¤œwjwLZ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb

» cvV cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î mswkøU wkÿ‡Ki AvZ¥wek¦vm

» DcKib eënv‡i m¦v”Q›`

» mswkøU wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡ì Kxfv‡e gwbUwis K‡i‡Qb I wdWe¨K w`‡q‡Qb

105

w`b

13Awa‡ekb 2




mgq : 30 wgwbU

c×wZ : †eªBb ÷wg©s, cÖ‡kœvËi, `‡j Av‡jvPbv

DcKiY : †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi

cÖwµqv:

KvR : MwYZ wel‡qi mswkøó KvR †kÖwYK‡¶ cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv wewbgq|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wR‡Ám Kiæb AvR‡K MwYZ wel‡q †kÖwY cwiPvjbvq Kx Kx AwfÁZv n‡q‡Q?

Â AwfÁZv ïbyb I cÖ‡qvR‡b mgm¨v mgvav‡b civgk© w`b|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †kÖwY cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiæb-






106

Awa‡ekb 3 w`b

13

wkL‡bi ¯ÍiwfwËK wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv wkLbdj : GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-

1. †eBmjvBb g~j¨vq‡bi cÖvß djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z cieZ©x 15 w`‡bi Rb¨ MwYZ wel‡q GKwU cvw¶K cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ;

2. GKB †kÖwY‡Z MwY‡Z wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b wkï‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wfbœ wfbœ cv‡Vi wb‡`©kbv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ : cÖ‡kœvËi, †QvU `j, cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv

DcKiY : MwYZ cvVëB (cÖ_g-Z…Zxq †kÖwYi), †cv÷vi †ccvi, mvBb †cb, cwiKíbvi bgybv QK, Z_¨cÎ

cÖwµqv :

KvR- 1 : cvw¶K cwiKíbvi we‡eP¨ welq mgq: 10 wgwbU Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|

Â Gici AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb Avcbv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv Kivi AwfÁZv Av‡Q| cÖkœ Kiæb, GKwU cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv Kivi mgq †Kvb †Kvb welq‡K we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z nq? K‡qKR‡bi DËi ïbyb|

» †eBmjvBb mv‡f© Kivi ci †kÖwY Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx ¯ÍiwfwËK `j Kiv;

» cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Rb¨ cieZ©x 15 Kg© wè‡m Kx wkL‡e Zv wba©viY Kiv;

» †Kvb `j Kx wkL‡e Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i KvR wba©viY Kiv;

» eo `‡j e‡m wk¶v_©xiv Kx Kx Abykxjb Ki‡e Zv wba©viY Kiv;

» †QvU `‡j Kxfv‡e KvR Ki‡e Zvi cwiKíbv _vKv;

» †ev‡W©i KvR, eo `j I †QvU `‡ji Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mgš^q ivLv;

» Kv‡Ri mv‡_ mgš^q †i‡L Ges DcKi‡Yi cÖvc¨Zv we‡ePbvq †i‡L DcKiY wbe©vPb Kiv|

Â Gici cÖ¯ÍvweZ cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbvi bgybv QKwU Z_¨cÎ †ev‡W© Uvwb‡q w`b I e¨vL¨v Kiæb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb, Avcbviv we`¨vjqwfwËK wewfbœ †kÖwYi †h djvdj †c‡q‡Qb Zvi Dci wfwË K‡iB GKwU cvw¶K cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡eb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 6wU `‡j fvM K‡i w`b| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j GKwU K‡i bgybv cvw¶K cwiKíbv w`b|

wkL‡bi ¯ÍiwfwËK wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv

107

Â ejyb Avcbv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Kv‡Q g~j¨vqbK…Z wk¶v_©x‡ì 3/4wU wkLb Í‡ii ZvwjKv Av‡Q| Zv‡ì wkLb‡K GwM‡q †bIqvi Rb¨ wK wK cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wPšÍv Ki‡Z ejyb| A_©vr cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbvq Aek¨B 3/4 ai‡bi wkLb ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ AvMvgx 15 w`‡b Zviv Kx wkL‡e Zvi cwiKíbv _vK‡e|

KvR- 3 : `‡j cvw¶K cwiKíbv ˆZwi I Dc¯’vcb mgq: 1 NÈv 15 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 6wU `‡ji g‡a¨ 2wU `j‡K cÖ_g †kÖwYi, 2wU `j‡K wØZxq †kÖwYi Ges evwK 2wU `j‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi MwYZ wel‡qi Dci KvR fvM K‡i w`b|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K cvV¨cy¯ÍK †_‡K welq wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ wK ai‡bi wkLbdj AR©b Kiv‡Z n‡e Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb(wk¶vµg †_‡K)|


we`¨vj‡qi bvg:

welq: MwYZ †kÖwY: Z…Zxq

mgqKvj: ......... †_‡K .............

wkÿv_©x‡ì bvg I cvVMZ Ae¯’vb

Kx wkL‡e Kxfv‡e †kLv‡bv n‡e ev Dc¯’vcb


`j-1`j-2 `j-3

» mevB‡K QKwU LvZvq Zz‡j wb‡Z ejyb|

» cvV¨ eB †_‡K wkÿv_©x‡ì wewfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR wPwýZ K‡i Zv cwiKíbvq wjL‡Z ejyb

» GKB fv‡e g~j¨vqb I DcKiY wjL‡Z ejyb

» cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi †k‡l Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

» Dc¯’vc‡bi ci Ab¨ `‡ji †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi Dci Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

» mevB‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

g~j¨vqb mgq: 5 wgwbUwb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb KiæbÑ

y cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwii mgq wk¶v_©x‡ì cviMZvi ¯Íi‡K Kxfv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡eb?

y cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv †_‡K ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv Kxfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡eb?



108

Awa‡ekb 4 w`b

13



1. cvw¶K cwiKíbvq wb‡`©wkZ wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wk¶v_©x‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU `‡ji Rb¨

wba©vwiZ g~j¨vqb Uyjm ˆZwi I eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

2. Abykxjb (Simulation) K¬v‡mi gva¨‡g nv‡Z Kj‡g g~j¨vqb †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i wfbœ wfbœ

cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

3. g~j¨vq‡b cvIqv djvd‡ji wfwË‡Z cieZ©x‡Z cvw¶K cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj: cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv, `jxq KvR

mnvqK mvgMÖx: cvw¶K cwiKíbv, g~j¨vqb Uyjm& , Z_¨cÎ (w`b-16, Awa-2, Z_¨cÎ-1,2)


KvR-1 : cv‡¶K cwiKíbv Abyhvqx wfbœ wfbœ `‡j wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ g~j vqb †¶Î I Uyjm ˆZwi mgq: 40 wgwbU


Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb, †eBm jvBb g~j¨vq‡bi ci Avcbviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wk¶v_©x‡ì wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Avcwb 12 w`‡bi GKwU K¬vm cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb|

Â GLb GB cwiKíbvi Dci wfwË K‡iB Avcwb GKwU g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv Ki‡eb, Zv‡ì wkLb AMÖMwZ Rvbvi Rb¨|

Â †h‡nZy Avcbvi cvw¶K cwiKíbvq wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’v‡bi wk¶v_©x i‡q‡Q, †m‡nZy g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ¯‘ywZ wnmv‡e cÖ_‡gB cÖ‡qvRbxq Uyjm ˆZwi I msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

Â c~‡e©i `‡j cvw¶K cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K cvw¶K g~j¨vqb Uyjm ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb| `‡j Z_¨c‡Îi bgybv g~j¨vqb Uyjm mieivn Kiæb| Uyjm ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ 20 wgwbU mgq w`b| cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Kiæb|

Â 2/1 wU `‡ji g~j¨vqb Uyjm cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z ejyb|

KvR-2 : g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv cÖ`k©b I †QvU `‡j Abykxjb mgq: 45 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb, Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z nq Zv K‡i †`Lv‡eb| c~‡e© wj‡L ivLv Ôg~j¨vqb cÖwµqviÕ †cv÷viwU AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ Uvwb‡q w`b I c‡o †kvbvb|

†cv÷vi : 23


109

g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv

1. cÖ‡Z¨K cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv Abyhvqx 12wU K¬v‡mi c‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. wk¶v_©x‡ì msL¨vi Dci wbf©i K‡i g~j¨vqb 1/2/3 w`b Pj‡e|

3. †h me wk¶v_©x Abycw¯’Z _vK‡e K¬vm PjvKvjxb †h w`b †m Avm‡e †mB w`b Zvi g~j¨vqb K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

4. wba©vwiZ 40 wgwbU mgq a‡iB evsjv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

5. g~j¨vq‡bi mgq GKRb ev RywU‡Z ev ‡j A_ev wk¶‡Ki myweav Abyhvqx wk¶v_©x †W‡K wb‡q Zvi g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

6. mgq wefvRb Abyhvqx cÖ_‡gB wk¶K cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv w`‡q †`‡eb| H w`b †Kvb bZyb cov †`‡eb bv|

7. Gici wZwb wiwWs cov‡bvi mg‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì wiwWs cov g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges g~j¨vqb †iKW© ivL‡eb|

8. †QvU `‡ji wba©vwiZ mg‡q wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡ì GKKfv‡e ev RywU‡Z ev `‡j †W‡K ¯Íi Abyhvqx eY©, kã, evK¨, kãv_©, evK¨ iPbv, cÖ‡kœi DËi g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb I †iKW© ivL‡eb|

Â cov †kl n‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv Av‡jvPbv K‡i eywS‡q w`b|

Â Gici GKwU `‡ji g~j¨vqb K‡i Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i, Kxfv‡e Zv msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e Zv †`wL‡q w`b|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ‡j e‡m Zviv †h cvw¶K cwiKíbv K‡iwQj Zvi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Uyjm Zwi K‡i‡Qb| g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY ˆZwi ev †RvMvo Ki‡Z ejyb Ges `‡j Abykxjb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â `‡ji KvR †kl n‡j mevB‡K eo `‡j wdwi‡q Avbyb Ges `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â `jxq Kv‡R Kv‡iv †Kvb wKQy †hvM Kivi Av‡Q wKbv wR‡Ám Kiæb, cvw¶K g~j¨vqb wb‡q Kv‡iv †Kvb wKQy wRÁvmv Av‡Q wKbv ejyb|




y cvw¶K gyj¨vq‡b Kx Kx we‡ePbv Ki‡eb?

¯ÂbywPšÍb » AvR‡Ki Awa‡ek‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ ch©vß wQj Kx? Avi Kx ai‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ †bqv n‡j welqwU Av‡iv mnR‡eva¨ nZ?


110

Awa‡ekb 5 w`b

13

MwYZ gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv (mnvqK)


1. MwYZ wel‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì ¯ÍiwfwËK Kv‡R mwµq ivLvi Rb¨, wewfbœ A¨KwUwfwUm I wkLb †kLv‡bv eë¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡ Dcjw× Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj : Av‡jvPbv, wmgy‡jkb (gK), cÖ‡kœvËi

mnvqK mvgMÖx : cvV mswkøó wkLb †kLv‡bv DcKiY, cvV cwiKíbv|


KvR-1 : f~wgKv Av‡jvPbv mgq: 15 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wR‡Ám Kiæb wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cvV †`qvi Rb¨ MwY‡Zi mgq wefvRb Kx nIqv DwPZ|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì DËi †kvbvi ci ejyb, MwYZ wel‡qi †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi mgq‡KI Ggbfv‡e fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q †hb, wk¶K I wk¶v_©x cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki mg‡qi c~Y© I mwVK eënvi nq| G ch©v‡q Zv‡ì ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`b †h, MwYZ K¬v‡m wk¶‡Ki 35/40 wgwbU mg‡qi g‡Zv cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xiI 35/40 wgwbU mgq _v‡K, Ges mgq wefvR‡bi j¶¨ n‡”Q wk¶K I wk¶v_©x‡ì mg‡qi c~Y© eënvi|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, GB b~Zb mgq wefvRb Abyhvqx, Avcwb GKU gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb| wZbRb‡K ch©‡e¶K wn‡m‡e wba©vwiZ Kiæb| ch©‡e¶K 3 Rb‡K ejyb †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi KvR¸‡jv Zuviv ch©‡e¶Y K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨msMÖn Ki‡eb|

Â `yBwU wel‡q Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e

» †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj¸‡jv Kx wQj

» †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi mgq wefvRb Kx wQj

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb Avcwb Z…Zxq †kÖwYi GKwU K¬vk cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb, †hLv‡b 3 ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©x Av‡Q| ¯Íi‡f‡` wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ Av‡MB DcKiY ¸wQ‡q wbb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mnvqZvq †kÖwYK¶ web¨vm K‡i wbb| MwY‡Zi K¬vm cwiPvjbv ïiæ Kiæb|

KvR-2 : wmgy‡jkb cwiPvjbv (mnvqK) mgq: 35 wgwbU

Â Gevi Avcwb Z…Zxq †kÖwYi MwYZ cvV`vb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †kÖwYK‡¶i cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb| Avcwb cvVwU fvjfv‡e c‡o cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q ïiæ Kiæb|

MwYZ gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv (mnvqK)

111

K. cÖ_g mg‡eZ (7 wgwbU) : †gŠwLK I †ev‡W©i KvR Ges Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv

mevi mv‡_ Kykj wewbgq Kiæb Ges cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb| PvU© †_‡K ev gy‡L gy‡L 100 ch©šÍ msL¨v MYbv Kivb/ †hv‡Mi bvgZv/ we‡qv‡Mi bvgZv/ gvbmsK/ †QvU †QvU †hvM| †hgb-

1. 1 bs `‡ji Rb¨- 10 †_‡K 99 Gi g‡a¨ †h‡Kvb `yBwU msL¨vi g‡a¨ †KvbwU eo Ges †KvbwU †QvU wbY©q Ki‡Z w`b|

2. 2bs `‡ji Rb¨- 5 Gi †hv‡Mi bvgZv Kivb|

3. 3bs `‡ji Rb¨- 50 †_‡K 70 ch©šÍ MYbv Kivb|

wk¶‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov, 3 ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©xiv †h KvR Ki‡e Zvi wb‡`©kbv †ev‡W© wj‡L w`b|

1. 1 bs `‡ji Rb¨- Abykxjb Kv‡W©i KvR, 100-199 ch©šÍ †h‡Kvb `yBwU msL¨vi †QvU eo wbY©q Kivi Rb¨ wj‡L w`b|

2. 2bs `‡ji Rb¨- `yB A‡¼i msL¨vi mv‡_ `yB A‡¼i msL¨vi K‡qKwU †QvU †QvU †hvM †ev‡W© wj‡L w`b, Ges GB ai‡bi Abykxjb Kv‡W©i KvR Ki‡Z w`b|

3. 3bs `‡ji Rb¨- 1-9 Gi g‡a¨ †hvM †ev‡W© wj‡L w`b Ges GB ai‡bi Abykxjb Kv‡W©i KvR Ki‡Z w`b|

L. †QvU `‡ji KvR-21 wgwbU (wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq KvR):

cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Avcwb AvR †h †Kvb wZbwU `j‡K Avcbvi mv‡_ KvR Kivi Rb¨ WvK‡eb| GKB wkLb ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K wb‡q `j _vK‡e|

1. `j- 1 †K ev¯Íe DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ 200-299 Gi g‡a¨ `yBwU msL¨vi eo-†QvU aviYv w`b|

2. j- 2 †K ev¯Íe DcKi‡Yi gva‡g¨ yB A‡¼i msL¨v †_‡K yB A‡¼i msL¨vi (nv‡Z bv †i‡L) we‡qv‡Mi aviYv w`b|

3. `j- 3 †K 1-9 Gi g‡a¨ ev¯Íe DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g we‡qv‡Mi aviYv w`b|

wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©wkZ KvR-GKKfv‡e, wgkÖ`‡j (wk¶‡Ki mvnvh¨ Qvov KvR)

wkïiv wk¶‡Ki wb‡`k©bv Abyhvqx GKKfv‡e, wgkÖ`‡j KvR Ki‡e| GB mg‡q hviv GKKfv‡e KvR Ki‡Q Zv‡`i‡K GKwU KvR †k‡l Ab¨ KvR Kivi wb‡`©k w`b| hw` Kv‡iv KvR †kl n‡q hvq Zv‡K Kvb©‡i ivLv eB wb‡q co‡Z ejyb|

g~j¨vqb I MwY‡Zi wewfbœ †Ljv Ges B‡”QgZ eB cov -7 wgwbU

`jxq KvR †kl n‡j wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii 7-8 R‡bi wk¶v_©xi AvR‡Ki Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb Kiæb| K¬vm mgvwß Kiæb|

112


KvR-3 : wmgy‡jkb K¬vm ch©v‡jvPbv mgq: 35 wgwbU

Â Avcbvi †bIqv 35 wgwb‡Ui K¬vm †kl nevi ci AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q RvqMvq em‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ_‡g ch©‡e¶K 3 Rb‡K mnvq‡Ki ÔÔ†kÖwY cwiPvjbvÕÕ ch©‡e¶‡Yi gva¨‡g cvIqv Z_¨¸‡jv ej‡Z ejyb| Z_¨ wewbg‡qi mgq ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`b Zv‡ì Z_¨¸‡jvi g~j j¶¨ n‡”Q-

» †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj

» †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi mgq wefvRb

Â †ev‡W© c‡q›U AvKv‡i wjLyb| Zv‡ì Z_¨¸‡jvi mv‡_ Ab¨ cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì wfbœ †Kvb e³e¨ _vK‡j ZvI †hvM Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wR‡Ám Kiæb †Kvb †Kvb KvR¸‡jv Zv‡ì Kv‡Q bZyb †m¸‡jv‡Z `vM w`b| Gevi cÖkœ Kiæb cvV`vb Kv‡j wk¶‡Ki wkLb †KŠkj¸‡jvi w`‡K Zv‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y Kiæb †hgb-

» mg‡eZ KvR(wk¶K mnvqZvq)

» `jxq KvR (¯Íi Abyhvqx)

» GKK KvR/ RywU‡Z(wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx KvR K‡i‡Q)

Â cÖwZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mg‡qi wefvRb Zviv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Kxbv hvPvB Kiæb|

Â MwY‡Zi mgq wefvRb †cv÷viwU Sywj‡q w`b Ges Kv‡iv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi DËi w`b Ges




y †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi †KŠkj¸‡jv Kx wQj

y †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi mgq wefvRb Kx wQj



113

w`b

14Awa‡ekb 1

we`¨vj‡qi nv‡Z Kj‡g MwYZ wel‡q †kÖwY cwiPvjbv





DcKiY : cvV mswkøó DcKiY, cvV¨eB

cÖwµqv:

KvR : we`¨vj‡q MwYZ wel‡q †kÖwY cwiPvjbv

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ †h †h †kÖwY‡Z †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb Zv‡K †mB †kÖwY‡Z cvV w`‡Z ejyb


Â ‰`wbK cvV cwiKíbv AbymiY K‡i †kÖYx cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z ejyb



» DcKib e¨env‡i m¦vQ›`


114

Awa‡ekb 2 w`b

14




mgq : 30 wgwbU

c×wZ : †eªBb óg©wgs, cÖ‡kœvËi, `‡j Av‡jvPbv


cÖwµqv:

KvR : MwYZ wel‡q †kÖwY mswkøó KvR cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv wewbgq mgq 30 wgwbU









115

Awa‡ekb 2 w`b

14Awa‡ekb 3

cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb, cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv I ˆ`wbK cvVcwiKíbv cÖYqb †KŠkj


1. cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb , cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv I ˆ`wbK cvVcwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb


c×wZ I †KŠkj: cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv Ges `‡j KvR|

mnvqK mvgMÖx: cÖv_wgK weÁvb (cvV¨ eB), ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wk¶K mnvwqKv, cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi , †cvóvi, gvK©vi, mvBb‡cb BZ¨vw`


KvR -1: cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q cÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb mgq: 25 wgwbU

Â cÖv_wgK weÁvb wel‡qi cÖvwšÍK I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Ges †hvM¨Zv AR©bK‡í cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘i

Dc‡hvwMZv e¯‘ †hŠw³KZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì `‡j e‡m †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ ÔcÖv_wgK

weÁvbÕ cvVëB¸‡jv we‡kølY K‡i,Ô†kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨ZvÕ AR©b Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_g †_‡K

cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cvVëB¸‡jv‡Z Kx Kx welqe¯‘ †`qv Av‡Q Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi gZ ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡q †kÖwYi cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi cvVMZ

Ae¯’vb GK bq| Zv m‡Ë¡I me wk¶v_©xi Rb¨ GKB ai‡bi cvV cwiKíbvi Dci wfwË K‡i Avcbviv †kÖwY

cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| †h‡nZy Avgv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv cÖwZwU wkïi weÁvb wkLb wbwðZ Kiv †m‡nZy cÖwZwU

wk¶v_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvbvi Rb¨ weÁvb wel‡q †eBm jvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â weÁvb wel‡q †h‡nZy KZ¸‡jv cÖwµqvKiY `¶Zv i‡q‡Q, ZvB cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi GB `¶Zv ¸‡jv AR©b Kiv

I ev¯Íe Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM Kiv wbwðZ Kiv †M‡j weÁv‡bi †hvM¨Zv AR©b n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, weÁv‡bi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Gi Uyjm I †eBmjvBb Gi gva¨‡g †kÖYxKiY

GBmKj cÖwµqv `¶Zvi Av‡jv‡K Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â mKj‡K weÁvb wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb I †kÖYxKiY wel‡qi Z_¨ cÎ co‡Z ejyb| cov †k‡l Zv

wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb I cÖ‡qvR‡b wdWe¨vK w`b|

116


KvR-2: cvw¶K cwiKíbv ˆZwi I Dc¯’vcb mgq: 1 N›Uv

Â cvw¶K cwiKíbv Zwi I Dc ’vcb AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 5wU ‡ji g‡a¨ 2wU j‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi, 2wU j‡K PZz_© †kÖwYi Ges 1wU `j‡K cÂg †kÖwYi ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ wel‡qi Dci KvR fvM K‡i w`b|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K cvVëB/ wk¶K mnvwqKv †_‡K welq wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi wkLbdj AR©b Kiv‡Z n‡e Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡Pi QK †gvZv‡eK cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K wbR wbR cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|

cvw¶K cwiKíbv

ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ

†kÖwY:

wk¶‡Ki bvg:

mgq:

wk¶v_©xi bvg I †ivj wk¶v_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb wK wkL‡e wKfv‡e †kLv‡ev g~j¨vqb

Â cvw¶K cwiKíbv Dc¯’vcb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb GB 15 w`‡bi cvw¶K cwiKíbvi Dci wfwË K‡i wk¶K‡K ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici 15 w`‡bi †k‡li 3 w`b H cwiKíbvi Dci wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb dj AR©b n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| g~j¨vq‡bi †h djvdj n‡e Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i Avevi cieZ©x cvw¶K cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â cÖwZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mg‡qi wefvRb Zuviv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv hvPvB Kiæb|

Â Gevi ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ mgq wefvRb †cvóviwU Sywj‡q w`b Ges AvskMÖnYKvix‡ì ÔcÖv_wgK weÁvbÕ mgq eë¯’vcbv Z_¨cÎ weZiY Kiæb| Kv‡iv †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi DËi w`b|


g~j¨vqb: mgq 5 wgwbU

y weÁvbÕ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv Kx Kx mgm¨v n‡qwQj

y evsjv I MwYZ wel‡q †emjvBq g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvi mv‡_ weÁvbÕ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvq Kx Kx cv_©K¨ jÿ K‡i‡Qb

117

w`b

14Awa‡ekb 4

cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb, cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv I ˆ`wbK cvVcwiKíbv cÖYqb †KŠkj


1. cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb, cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv I ˆ`wbK cvVcwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb


c×wZ I †KŠkj: cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv Ges `‡j KvR

mnvqK mvgMÖx: cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq (cvV¨ eB), cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wk¶K mnvwqKv, cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv I †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi, †cvóvi, gvK©vi, mvBb‡cb BZ¨vw`


KvR -1: cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb 25 wgwbU

Â cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi cÖvwšÍK I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Ges †hvM¨Zv AR©bK‡í cvV¨cy Í‡Ki welqe ‘i Dc‡hvwMZv I †hŠw³KZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì `‡j e‡m †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq cvVëB¸‡jv we‡kølY K‡i,Ô†kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨ZvÕ AR©b Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cvVëB¸‡jv‡Z Kx Kx welqe ‘ †`qv Av‡Q Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi gZ cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡q †kÖwYi cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb GK bq| Zv m‡Ë¡I me wk¶v_©xi Rb¨ GKB ai‡bi cvV cwiKíbvi Dci wfwË K‡i Avcbviv †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| †h‡nZy Avgv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv cÖwZwU wkïi cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wkLb wbwðZ Kiv †m‡nZy cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvbvi Rb¨ weÁvb wel‡q †eBm jvBb g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡q †h‡nZy KZ¸‡jv cÖwµqvKiY `¶Zv i‡q‡Q, ZvB cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi GB `¶Zv¸‡jv AR©b Kiv I ev¯Íe Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM Kiv wbwðZ Kiv †M‡j cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq-Gi †hvM¨Zv AR©b n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq Gi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb Gi Uyjm I †eBmjvBb Gi gva¨‡g †kÖYxKiY GBmKj cÖwµqv `¶Zvi Av‡jv‡K Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â mKj‡K cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb I †kÖYxKiY wel‡qi Z_¨ cÎ co‡Z ejyb| cov †k‡l Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb I cÖ‡qvR‡b wdWe¨vK w`b|

118


KvR-2: cvw¶K cwiKíbv ˆZwi I Dc¯’vcb mgq: 1 N›Uv

Â cvw¶K cwiKíbv Zwi I Dc ’vcb AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 5wU ‡ji g‡a¨ 2wU j‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi, 2wU j‡K PZz_© †kÖwYi Ges 1wU `j‡K cÂg †kÖwYi cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq wel‡qi Dci KvR fvM K‡i w`b|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K cvVëB/ wk¶K mnvwqKv †_‡K welq wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡ii wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi wkLbdj AR©b Kiv‡Z n‡e Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡Pi QK †gvZv‡eK cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K wbR wbR cvw¶K cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|

cvw¶K cwiKíbv

cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq

†kÖwY:

wk¶‡Ki bvg:

mgq:

wk¶v_©xi bvg I †ivjwk¶v_©xi cvVMZ

Ae¯’vbwK wkL‡e wKfv‡e †kLv‡ev g~j¨vqb

Â cvw¶K cwiKíbv Dc¯’vcb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb GB 15 w`‡bi cvw¶K cwiKíbvi Dci wfwË K‡i wk¶K‡K ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici 15 w`‡bi †k‡li 3 w`b H cwiKíbvi Dci wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLb dj AR©b n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| g~j¨vq‡bi †h djvdj n‡e Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i Avevi cieZ©x cvw¶K cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

Â cÖwZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mg‡qi wefvRb Zviv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK bv hvQvB Kiæb|

Â Gevi cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq mgq wefvRb †cvóviwU Sywj‡q w`b Ges AvskMÖnYKvix‡ì cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq mgq eë¯’vcbv Z_¨cÎ weZiY Kiæb| Kv‡iv †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi DËi w`b|



y evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbv Kx Kx mgm¨v n‡qwQj

y evsjv I MwYZ wel‡q †emjvBq g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvi mv‡_ evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPqÕ wel‡qi †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvq Kx Kx cv_©K¨ jÿ K‡i‡Qb

119

w`b

14Awa‡ekb 5

msL¨v, msL¨v c×wZ, †hvM I we‡qvM wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR I AbykxjbwkLbdj: G Awa‡ekb †k‡l wkÿv_©xMYÑ

1. msL¨v I msL¨v c×wZi wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. msL¨v I msL¨v c×wZi Ici wkÿv_©xi cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx wewfbœ Abykxjb KvW© I wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. ev¯Íe, Aa©ev¯Íe I e¯‘wbi‡cÿ ch©v‡q †kªwYK‡¶ †hv‡Mi aviYv †`qvi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

4. ev¯Íe, Aa©ev¯Íe I e¯‘wbi‡cÿ ch©v‡q †kªwYK‡¶ we‡qv‡Mi aviYv †`qvi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 1N›Uv 30wgwbU

mnvqK mvgMÖx: MwYZ cvV¨ eB, †idv‡iÝ wn‡m‡e wba©vwiZ cy¯Í‡K cÖ`Ë Abykxjb KvW©

c×wZ/†KŠkj: Av‡jvPbv, †QvU `j, eo `j

Awa‡ekb weeiY

avc-1: msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj mgq: 20 wgwbU

1-9 msL¨v:

ev¯Íe ch©vq: Szwo ev cvÎ †_‡K cv_i ev wewP wb‡q cvkvcvwk 0 00 000 0000 00000 Gfv‡e ivLyb| Gevi cÖ‡Z¨KwU ¯Í‚c Avcbvi mvnvh¨ wb‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì MYbv Ki‡Z ejyb| †hgbÑ 1wU, 2wU, 3wU, 4wU I 5wU| Kjg, KvwV w`‡q Av‡iv `yB-wZbevi Abykxjb K‡i †`Lvb|

Aa©ev¯Íe ch©vq

1-9 msL¨v: 1 †_‡K 5 ch©šÍ msL¨v cwiwPwZ Aa©ev¯Íe ch©vq †`Lv‡Z Avcwb d¬¨vk KvW© eënvi Kiæb| cÖwZwU Kv‡W©i Qwei msL¨v wk¶v_©x‡ì MYbv Ki‡Z ejyb| G †¶‡Î Qwei d¬¨vk Kv‡W©i mv‡_ wewP ev cv_iI eënvi K‡i †`Lv‡eb|

e¯‘wbi‡c¶ ch©vq

Gevi 1 †_‡K 5 ch©šÍ msL¨vi e¯‘wbi‡c¶ ev cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ †Pbv‡Z AveviI msL¨v Abyhvqx wewP ev cv_i ¯Í‚c K‡i ivLyb| 0 00 000 0000 00000 Gfv‡e ivLvi ci cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wb‡P msL¨v KvW© ivLyb| †hgb 1wU cv_i ev wewPi Rb¨ 1 †jLv msL¨v KvW© ivLyb Ges Gfv‡e 5 ch©šÍ msL¨v †`Lvb|

cÖ‡Z¨KwU msL¨v KvW© mevB‡K †`wL‡q gy‡L D”PviY Kivb Ges Avcbvi mv‡_ ej‡Z ejyb|

120


†gŠwLK Abykxjb cÖ‡Z¨KwU msL¨v KvW© mevB‡K †`wL‡q gy‡L D”PviY Kiæb Ges Avcbvi mv‡_ ej‡Z ejyb| Kxfv‡e 1 †_‡K 5 ch©šÍ msL¨v wjL‡Z nq, Zv wk¶v_©x‡ì LvZvq wj‡L †`Lvb| wk¶v_©x‡ì †`‡L wjL‡Z ejyb| wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ welqK n¨vÛey‡Ki 1, 2, 3 I 4 b¤î †Ljv Abykxjb Kivb|

msL¨v wkLb †kLv‡bv Abykxjb » me AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K QqwU fv‡M fvM Kiæb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GKB c×wZ AbymiY K‡i 6 †_‡K 9 ch©šÍ msL¨vi aviYv w`‡Z ejyb|

k~‡bï aviYv » k~‡bï aviYv w`‡Z ev¯Íe, Aa©ev¯Íe I e¯‘wbi‡c¶ ch©v‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY cv_i ev wewP m‡½ ivLyb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, Avcwb 5 wgwbU mg‡q me¸‡jv avc K‡i †`Lv‡eb| huviv ch©‡e¶Y K‡i‡Qb Zuviv fv‡jvfv‡e †`Lyb|

» Avcwb ci ci ev¯Íe I e¯‘wbi‡c¶ ch©vq †`Lv‡eb| GKwU cv‡Î wZbwU wewP ev cv_i ivLyb| wR‡Ám Kiyb KqwU Av‡Q?

» cv‡Îi wZbwU wewP ev cv_i †_‡K GKwU mwi‡q †djyb| wR‡Ám Kiæb KqwU Av‡Q?

» Gfv‡e cv‡Îi me¸‡jv wewP ev cv_i mwi‡q †djyb| hLb GKwUI _vK‡e bv ZLb wR‡Ám Kiæb GLb KqwU Av‡Q? wk¶v_©xiv ej‡e GKwUI bv|

» Gevi Avcwb Zv‡ì ejyb GB bv _vKv Ae¯’v‡K e‡j k~b¨| k~b¨‡K †evSv‡Z k~b¨ cÖZxK 0 †jLv KvW© ivLyb| wk¶v_©x‡ì k~b¨ Ô0Õ †jLv †`wL‡q w`b|

k~‡bï aviYv Abykxjb » me AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K QqwU fv‡M fvM Kiæb| DcKiY eywS‡q w`b| `‡j 10 wgwbU k~‡bï aviYv Abykxjb Ki‡Z ejyb| Avcwb cÖ‡qvR‡b mn‡hvwMZv Kiyb|

avc-2: msL¨v c×wZ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj mgq: 20 wgwbU

ev¯Íe ch©vq 1-9 msL¨v: Szwo ev cvÎ †_‡K wewP ev cv_i wb‡q `yB ¯‘‡c ivLyb| GK ¯‘‡c 00 (2wU), Ab¨ ¯‘‡c 000 (wZbwU) ivLyb| wR‡Ám KiæbÑ †Kvb ¯‘‡c †ewk, †Kvb ¯‘‡c Kg ivLv n‡q‡Q| `yB ¯‘c †_‡K GKwU GKwU K‡i MYbv K‡i †`Lvb| GKw`‡K GKwU cv_i ev wewP †ewk _vK‡e| wk¶v_©x‡ì ejyb, 3wU I 2wU wewPi g‡a¨ 2wU wewP Kg Ges 3wU wewP †ewk| Gfv‡e evievi Abykxjb Kivb|

Aa©ev¯Íe ch©vq GKBfv‡e Qwei d¬¨vk KvW© †`wL‡q Kg-†ewki aviYv w`b|

e¯‘wbi‡c¶ ch©vq `yB ¯‘‡c wewP ev cv_i ivLyb| wewP ev cv_‡ii msL¨v Abyhvqx msL¨v KvW© ivLyb| Kg-†ewk †_‡K †QvU-eo aviYv w`b| wk¶v_©x‡ì ejyb e¯‘i †¶‡Î Kg-†ewk Ges msL¨vi †¶‡Î †QvU-eo ej‡Z nq| evievi Abykxjb Kiæb| †hgbÑ 00 000

msL¨v, msL¨v c×wZ, †hvM I we‡qvM wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR I Abykxjb

121

2 3 Gfv‡e ivLyb| wR‡Ám Kiæb 2 I 3-Gi

g‡a¨ †KvbwU eo I †KvbwU †QvU| †Kb?

avc-3: †hvM I we‡qvM wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg (1-9) ch©šÍ mgq: 20 wgwbU

†hvM wk¶v`vb

ev¯Íe ch©vq

GKRb wk¶v_©x‡K ejyb GK RvqMvq wZbwU wewP/cv_i ivL‡Z| Av‡iKRb‡K ejyb PviwU wewP/cv_i ivL‡Z| Gevi ejyb `yB cv‡ki wewP/cv_i GKÎ Ki‡j †gvU KqwU wewP ev cv_i n‡e?

000 0000 0000000 7wU n‡e

Gfv‡e Kjg, KvwVmn wewfbœ wRwbm `yBevi wb‡q GKÎ K‡i †hv‡Mi Abykxjb Kiv‡eb|

Aa©ev¯Íe ch©vq

ev¯Í‡e †`Lv‡bv wRwb‡mi Qwe Gu‡K †`Lv‡eb| cvV¨ eB‡qi 34, 35 c„ôvi †hv‡Mi AskUyKz †`Lv‡eb| `ywU Qwei I PviwU Qwei d¬¨vk KvW© †`wL‡q wR‡Ám Kiæb KqwU Qwe Av‡Q?


• GK RvqMvq PviwU wewP ev cv_i, Ab¨ RvqMvq `ywU wewP ev cv_i ivLyb| wewP ev cv_‡ii msL¨v Abyhvqx msL¨v KvW© ivLyb| `yB msL¨v Kv‡W©i gv‡S ÔAviÕ Ges cv‡k Ôwg‡jÕ †jLv msL¨v KvW© ivLyb| Gfv‡e Abykxjb Kivb|

0000 00 000000

4 Avi 2 wg‡j 6

• Gici ÔAviÕ I Ôwg‡jÕ-Gi RvqMvq (+) I (=) wP‡ýi KvW© ivLyb| we‡qvM wk¶v`vb

ev¯Íe ch©vq

Avcwb cuvPwU wewP/cv_i wbb| cuvPwU cv_‡ii †_‡K wZbwU wibv‡K w`‡q w`‡j KqwU _vKj| cuvPwU cv_i †_‡K wZbwU mwi‡q †dj‡j `ywU _v‡K ejyb| evievi Abykxjb Kivb|

Aa©ev¯Íe ch©vq

Aa©ev¯Íe ch©v‡q wk¶v_©x‡`i LvZvq Qwe Gu‡K †`Lv‡eb| G Qvov cvV¨ eB‡qi we‡qv‡Mi aviYvi 44, 45, 46 c„ôv †`Lv‡eb|

cuvPwU dyj `ywU w`‡j wZbwU _v‡K


GB ch©v‡q ev¯Íe wRwb‡mi mv‡_ msL¨v KvW© I we‡qvM wP‡ýi (Ñ) KvW© †`Lv‡eb| †hgbÑ

122


5 2 3

5 Ñ 2 wZbwU _vKj

†hvM I we‡qvM wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg Abykxjb

» me AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K QqwU fv‡M fvM Kiæb| DcKiY eywS‡q w`b| 3 `j †hvM I 3 `j we‡qvM wkLb †kLv‡bv `‡j 10 wgwbU Abykxjb Ki‡Z ejyb|

» Avcwb cÖ‡qvR‡b mnv‡hvwMZv Kiyb|

avc-4: †QvU `‡j msL¨v, msL¨v c×wZ, †hvM I we‡qvM wk¶v`vb Abykxjb mgq: 20wgwbU

» mevB‡K 4wU `‡j fvM Kiæb|

» cÖwZ `j‡K wbgœwjwLZ QK Abyhvqx KvR w`b

`j KvR1| msL¨v (1-9) 2| msL¨v c×wZ (‡QvU eo)3| †hvM (nv‡Z bv †i‡L)4| we‡qvM (nv‡Z bv †i‡L)

cÖwZ `j‡K KvR Abyhvqx DcKiY ˆZwi I cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍywZ wb‡Z ejyb|

» cÖ_‡g `‡ji GKRb wk¶K n‡eb, Abïv wk¶v_©x n‡q Abykxjb Ki‡e| KvR †k‡l ch©vqµ‡g `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨‡K wk¶K I wk¶v_©x n‡q Abykxjb Ki‡e|

» Avcwb Ny‡i Ny‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji KvR †`Lyb| Zv‡ì‡K mvnvh¨ Kiæb| mgq †kl n‡j eo `‡j em‡Z ejyb|


y ev¯Íe ch©v‡qi GKwU †hv‡Mi D`vniY w`b

y Aev¯Íe ch©v‡qi GKwU we‡qvM e vK‡ev‡W© K‡i †`Lvb

¯ÂbywPšÍb: » AvR‡Ki Awa‡ek‡bi mgq eë¯’vcbv KZUzKz mdj n‡q‡Q

» Awa‡ek‡b eëüZ D`vniY¸‡jv Kx wk¶v_©x‡ì ev¯Íe/Aev¯Íe msL¨vi †hvM/we‡qv‡Mi aviYv‡K ¯úó Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Q?

123

w`b

14Awa‡ekb 6

cÖYxZ cvV cwiKíbv Abymv‡i cvV Dc¯’vcb Abykxjb

g~jfve: cÖYxZ cvV cwiKíbv ev¯Í‡e KZUzKz Kvh©Ki Zv †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g kbv³ Kiv hvq| cvV cwiKíbv g~jZ aviYvcÖm~Z c~e©cÖ¯ÍwZ| ev¯Í‡e Zv cy‡ivcywi ev ûeû AbymiY Kiv bvI †h‡Z cv‡i| wkÿv_©x‡ì Pvwn`v Abymv‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq| cvV Dc¯’vcb Abykxjb K‡i wkÿK Zvi `ÿZv e„w× Ki‡eb Ges wkLb †kLv‡bvi ev¯Íe AwfÁZv mÂq Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|

wkLbdj: G Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMYÑ

1. cÖYxZ cvV cwiKíbv Abymv‡i cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


wkLb mvgMÖx: cÖYxZ cvV cwiKíbv, cvV¨ eB, gvK©vi, †nvqvBU †evW© gvK©vi, j¨vcUc I Ab¨vb¨ mvgMÖx

c×wZ I †KŠkj: `jxq KvR, †Rvovq KvR, †cøbvwi Av‡jvPbv, Z‡_ï cvV cwiKíbv

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: cÖYxZ cvV cwiKíbv Abymv‡i cvV Dc¯’vcb mgq: 80 wgwbU

Â ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiæb| †h `j cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e †m `j e¨ZxZ Ab¨ mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡K wkÿv_©xi f~wgKvq Awfbq Ki‡Z ejyb| ‡ji GK ev yRb‡K cvV ch©‡eÿ‡Ki vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z ejyb| wbgœewY©Z welq¸‡jv h_vh_ I djcÖm~ n‡q‡Q wK bv Zv wjwce× Ki‡Z ejyb|

» cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cvV Dc¯’vcb

» cwiKíbvq ewY©Z c×wZ I †KŠkj eënvi cvV Dc¯’vcb

» wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ ch©vß Abykxj‡bi eë¯’v

» DcKiY eënvi

» wkÿv_©x KZ…©K cv‡Vi wkLbdj AR©b g~j¨vqb

» cwiKíbv ewnf©~Z KvR (†Kvb c×wZ I †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i Ges †Kb Kiv n‡jv)

» e¨wZµg hv wKQz jÿYxq n‡q‡Q|

Â cÖwZ `‡ji cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l †cøbvwi Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb Kiæb| cÖ_‡g ch©‡eÿ‡Ki wba©vwiZ c‡q›U Abymv‡i, c‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Dbœq‡bi †ÿÎ wPwýZ K‡i m¤¢ve¨ Dbœqb †KŠkj Kx n‡Z cv‡i †m wel‡q ej‡Z ejyb| AZtci Dc¯’vc‡Ki e³e¨ †ck Ki‡Z ejyb| me †k‡l cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b w`b|

Gfv‡e mKj `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †k‡l abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

124


g~j¨vqb 10 wgwbU

y cvV cwiKíbvq wkLbdj mwVKfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡qwQj wK? Ges †m Abymv‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiKwíZ n‡q _vK‡j wk¶v_©x‡ì wkLbdj AR©‡bi nvi Kxiƒc wQj?

y cvV Dc¯’vc‡b wk¶K MVbev` Z‡Ë¡i eënvi KZUzKz K‡iwQ‡jb?

y mgq Ges Kv‡Ri mgš^q KZUv wQj?

¯ÂbywPšÍb » wk¶v_©x‡ì c~e©Ávb hvPvB‡qi †¶‡Î KZUv mdj n‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? Avcbvi cÖkœ¸‡jv h_v_© wQj wK? G‡¶‡Î Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kiv DwPr e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?



125

w`b

15Awa‡ekb 1






DcKiY : cvV mswkøó DcKiY, cvV¨ eB

cÖwµqv :

KvR : we`¨vj‡qi nv‡Z Kj‡g MwYZ wel‡q †kÖwY cwiPvjbv|

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ †h †h †kÖwY‡Z †eBm jvBb g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb Zv‡K †mB †kÖwY‡Z cvV w`‡Z ejyb


Â ‰`wbK cvV cwiKíbv AbymiY K‡i †kÖYx cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z ejyb





126

Awa‡ekb 2 w`b

15




mgq : 30 wgwbU

c×wZ : cÖ‡kœvËi, †eªBb ÷wg©s, `‡j Av‡jvPbv


cÖwµqv:

KvR : MwYZ welq mswkøó KvR cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv wewbgq| mgq 30 wgwbU









127

Awa‡ekb 2 w`b

15Awa‡ekb 3

m„Rbkxj †jLv I wiwWs †Mg

g~jfve: m„Rbkxj †jLvi ga¨ w`‡q GKRb †jL‡Ki cÖwZ wkÿv_©xi AvMÖn R‡b¥| †jLvi cÖwZ AvZ¥wek¦vm R‡b¥| ax‡i ax‡i †m mvejxj †jLK n‡q I‡V| wiwWs †M‡gi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©x Zvi cwVZ eB‡qi mKj evK¨ I kã †Ljvi gva¨‡g mn‡RB wPb‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z eBwU †kl Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨ eB‡qi cÖwZ AvMÖn ev‡o|

wkLbdj: GB Av‡jvPbv †k‡l wkÿv_©xMYÑ

1. m„Rbkxj †jLvi wbqg e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. wiwWs †MB‡gi wbqg e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


mnvqK mvgMÖx: †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †jLv KvW©, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i BZ¨vw`

c×wZ/†KŠkj: cÖ‡kœvËi, †QvU `j, cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: m„Rbkxj †jLv mgq: 35 wgwbU

mevB‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb| cÖ_‡gB AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K Zv‡ì LvZvq B”Qvg‡Zv †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Qwe A¼b K‡i Qwei wb‡P cuvPwU ev‡K¨ GKwU Mí wjL‡Z ejyb| †jLv †k‡l ch©vqµ‡g mKj‡K Dc¯’vc‡bi my‡hvM w`b| cieZ©x ch©v‡q m„Rbkxj †jLvi wbqg welqK Z_¨cÎwU mKj‡K mieivn K‡i co‡Z ejyb Ges cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i welqwU cwi®‹vi Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj †jLvi wbqg

Ôm„Rbkxj †jLvÕ nj ÔKv‡iv mnvqZv QvovB GKRb wkÿv_©xi wPšÍvfvebvi wjwLZ iƒcÕ wkÿv_©xi Rvbv Avi Kíbv †_‡K ¯vfvweKfv‡e hv cÖKvk K‡i| GB cÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q wkÿv_©xi m„RbkxjZvi ewntcÖÖKvk N‡U| wkÿv_©x ax‡i ax‡i ¯^wbf©i †jLK n‡q I‡V|

wkÿv_©x Zvi wPšÍv I Kíbv †_‡K KvM‡Ri Ic‡ii A‡a©‡K Qwe AuvK‡e| wkÿK Zvi AuvKv Qwe mswkøó MíwU ej‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡eb| KvM‡Ri wb‡Pi A‡a©‡K wkÿv_©x Qwei MíwU wb‡R wjL‡e| bv cvi‡j wkÿK Zvi ejv K_v¸‡jv Mí AvKv‡i wj‡L †`‡eb| cÖ_g Ae¯’vq Kgc‡ÿ wZbwU evK¨ w`‡q MíwU wjL‡eb| Mí †jLvi mgq wkÿK M‡íi evK¨¸‡jv D”PviY K‡i wj‡L †`‡eb| GK GKwU ev‡Kï gv‡S h‡_ó duvK †i‡L wjL‡eb| wkÿv_©xiv duvKv RvqMvq wkÿ‡Ki †jLv AbyKiY K‡i wjL‡e|

hviv wKQz wKQz wjL‡Z cv‡i Zviv wb‡RivB MíwU wjL‡e| wkÿK cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Ki‡eb| Zv‡ì cÖwZw`b †ewk †ewk wjL‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡eb| cÖwZw`b wkÿv_©x Zvi wPšÍvÑfvebv‡K Qwe I †jLvi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kivi d‡j †m `ªæZ ¯^wbf©i †jL‡K cwiYZ nq| GB cÖwµqv GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K Zvi wPšÍvi weKv‡k mnvqZv K‡i| Zvi we‡kølY ÿgZv evovq Ges g‡bi fve‡K wjwLZ iƒc w`‡Z `ÿ K‡i †Zv‡j| ax‡i ax‡i Gfv‡eB Zviv ¯^wbf©i †jLK n‡q DV‡e|

m~Î: wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ welqK n¨vÛeyK (HTR)

128


KvR-2: wiwWs †Mg mgq: 10 wgwbU

wiwWs †M‡gi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv k‡ãi AvK…wZ I kã wPb‡e Ges k‡ãi D”PviY wkL‡e| GB Activit Ki‡Z wba©vwiZ eB, †hgbÑjvj ej, jvj cyZzj, gqbv, wUqv, jvj gyiwM, mv`v dzj †_‡K evK¨ KvW© I kã KvW© cÖ‡qvRb| wiwWs †M‡gi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv H wbw ©ó eBwU †_‡K 1 wgwbU wiwWs‡qi cvkvcvwk cªwZwU k‡ãi AvK…wZ I D”PviY Kiv wkL‡e|

GB wkLb †kLv‡bv KvRwU †QvU `‡j Kiv‡Z n‡e|

wbqg

avc-1 : mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â cÖwZ `‡j Qq †_‡K mvZRb wkÿv_©x †Lj‡e|

Â cÖ_‡g wkÿv_©xiv †Mvj n‡q em‡e|

Â GK GKwU evK¨ KvW© G‡KKRb wkÿv_©x mvg‡b ivL‡e|

Â kã¸‡jv †mvRv K‡i gvSLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e|

Â cÖ‡Z¨‡K cvjv K‡i GKwU kã KvW© IVv‡e, Zvi evK¨ Kv‡W©i mv‡_ Kv‡W©i kãwU wgj‡j evK¨ Kv‡W©i Ici ivL‡e|

Â Avi hw` bv †g‡j Z‡e Avevi D‡ëv K‡i gvSLv‡b †i‡L †`‡e|

Â hLb evK¨¸‡jvi me kã¸‡jv wg‡j hv‡e ZLb †Ljv †kl n‡e|

bgybv KvW©

Avgvi jvj ej Av‡Q|

Avgvi jvj ej Av‡Q|

avc-2 mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â wkÿK cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K GKwU K‡i evK¨ KvW© †`‡eb| kã KvW© ‡jv wb‡Ri nv‡Z ivL‡eb|

Â GK GKwU Kv‡W©i kã D”PviY K‡i wkÿK wRÁvmv Ki‡eb, GB kãwU Kvi Kv‡Q Av‡Q|

†hgbÑjvjkãwU Kvi Kv‡Q Av‡Q|

Â kãwU hvi Kv‡Q Av‡Q †m nvZ Zzj‡e| ZLb wkÿK kãwU me wkÿv_©x‡K D”PviY Ki‡Z ej‡eb|

†hgb jvjÑgwji Kv‡Q Av‡Q?

mevB ejÑjvj

Â wkÿK kã KvW©wU †h wkÿv_©x nvZ Zz‡j‡Q Zv‡K †`‡eb| wkÿv_©x kã KvW©wU Zvi evK¨ Kv‡W©i †mU k‡ãi Ici ivL‡e|

Â Gfv‡e wkÿv_©x‡`i evK¨ Kv‡W©i kã wg‡j bv hvIqv ch©šÍ †Ljv Pj‡Z _vK‡e|

m~Î: wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ welqK n¨vÛeyK (HTR)

m„Rbkxj †jLv I wiwWs †Mg

129


g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jv we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i-

y m„Rbkxj †jLvi bxwZgvjvMy‡jv D‡jø L Kiyb|

y †kªwYK‡¶ wiwWs †Mg Kxfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb?

¯^AbywPšÍb: wk¶v_©x‡K wkLb‡K Av‡iv †ewk Dc‡fvM¨ I A_©en K‡i Zyj‡Z Avi Kx Kx wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj/c×wZ e¨envi Kiv †hZ e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

130

Awa‡ekb 4 w`b

15

wkLb g~j¨vqb

g~jfve: g~j¨vqb wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g GKRb cÖwkÿK Zvi wkÿY ÷ª¨v‡UwR I GKRb cÖwkÿYv_©x Zvi wkLb ÷ª¨v‡UwR mgš^q K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib| GKwU mdj wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wkÿK I wkÿv_©x Df‡qi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| g~j¨vqb GKwU kw³kvjx cÖwµqv, hv wkLb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z ev n«vm K‡i Ges GwU Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM nq Zvi Ici wbf©i K‡i| g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g GKRb wkÿv_©xi †Kv‡bv GKwU welq/wkLb m¤ú‡K© Zvi eZ©gvb Ávb/`ÿZv/`„wófw½ Z_v †hvM¨Zvi eZ©gvb gvb hvPvB Kiv hvq|

wkLbdj: G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_©xMYÑ

1. g~j¨vqb Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Abymv‡i welqe¯‘, wkLbdj Ges g~j¨vqb ÷ª¨v‡UwR Kx Zv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. welqe¯‘ Abymv‡i †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wkLbdj Ges g~j¨vqb ÷ª¨v‡UwR Kx Zv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 1 NÈv 30wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj: †eªBb ÷wg©s, `jxq KvR, †cøbvwi, †Rvovq KvR, Av‡jvPbv BZ¨vw`


Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: g~j¨vqb (Assessment) mgq: 15 wgwbU

Â mK‡ji mv‡_ Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb| mKj‡K wb‡q Avb›``vqK †Kv‡bv KvR Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡ì LvZvq Ôg~j¨vqb (Assessment) Kx?Õ †m m¤ú‡K© GKwU evK¨ wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â †Rvov †_‡K GKRb‡K ej‡Z ejyb Ges DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| msM„nxZ DËi¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb (Assessment) Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

KvR-2: †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ KiæbÑ†kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Kx?

Â DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| m¤¢ve¨ DËi¸‡jv ïbyb Ges †cv÷vi †ccvi/gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨‡g †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Kx Zv D`vniY w`‡q e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

wkLb g~j¨vqb

131

Awa‡ekb 4

KvR-3 : `jxq KvR mgq : 50 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K cuvPwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| G‡KK `j‡K G‡KK †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK (cÖ_g-cÂg) mieivn Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K cÖ`Ë wel‡qi GKwU welqe¯‘ (Content) wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â wbe©vwPZ wel‡qi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Ges wkLbdj wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â wkLbdj AR©b Kivi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi g~j¨vqb †KŠkj MÖnY Kiv hvq Zv wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges †cøbvwi‡Z Av‡jvPbv K‡i aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

g~j¨vqb : mgq : 5 wgwbU

y AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ g~j¨vq‡bi m¤úK© wbY©q Kivi †¶‡Î †h mKj mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i †m wel‡q gZvgZ w`‡Z ejyb|

¯^-AbywPšÍb » mK‡j DËi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb wK? †Kb K‡ibwb wPšÍv Kiæb|



» mK‡j wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK? bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zvi Rb¨ Kx c`‡¶c wb‡q‡Qb Zv ejyb|

» Awa‡ekb AskMÖnYg~jK wQj wK?

132

Awa‡ekb 5 w`b

15

wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ g~j¨vqbÕmn g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ Dcvq

g~jfve: HwZn¨MZKfv‡e Avgiv g~j¨vqb ej‡Z cix¶v‡KB eywS| cix¶vI Aek¨B GK ai‡bi g~j¨vqb, hv mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi mgv_©K| Z‡e cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qI cix¶v ej‡Z cÖavbZ gyL¯’ Kivi cix¶vB †evSvq| G iKg cix¶vq gvbwmK weKv‡ki welqwU Ae‡nwjZ †_‡K hvq| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wk¶vµ‡g cÖPwjZ| gyL¯’ Kivi cix¶vq †hvM¨Zvi g~j¨vqb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB m¤¢e bq, Zv Kvw•¶ZI bq| †m †¶‡Î Avgv‡ì mvgwóK g~j¨vqb (Summative Assessment)-Gi mv‡_ MvVwbK g~j¨vqb (Formative Assessment)-Gi Ici †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e| e¯‘Z wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi †¶‡Î MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wkL‡bi g~j¨vqb (Assessment of Learning) bq, eis wkL‡bi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb (Assessment for Learning)| †m Kvi‡Y wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z g~j¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î AvZ¥g~j¨vqb (Self-assessment), mncvVx g~j¨vqb (Peer Assessment), cÖKí (Project), A¨vmvBb‡g›U (Assignment), Kv‡h©vc‡hvMx M‡elYv (Action Research) cÖf„wZ Dcv‡qi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|

wkLbdj: G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_©xMYÑ

1. g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ Dcvq e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. MvVwbK I mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi †¶Î Ges Zv cÖ‡qv‡Mi †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. MvVwbK I mvgwóK g~j¨vqb Uzjm eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb


c×wZ I †KŠkj: †eªBb ÷wg©s, `jxq KvR, †cøbvwi, †Rvovq KvR, Av‡jvPbv BZ¨vw`


Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ Dcvq e¨vL¨v mgq: 25 wgwbU

Â mK‡ji mv‡_ Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiæb| mKj‡K wb‡q Avb›``vqK †Kv‡bv KvR Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU evK¨ ej‡Z ejyb| DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb, g~j¨vq‡bi djvdj‡K wk¶K I wk¶v_©x Kx Kv‡R eënvi K‡ib? DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ KiæbÑwWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡g Kx ai‡bi g~j¨vq‡bi eë¯’v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i? DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|

Â †mB mv‡_ Assessment of Learning, Assessment for Learning, Assessment as Learning wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡g Kxfv‡e eënvi n‡”Q Zv e¨vL¨v Kiæb

Â wWwcGW †cÖvMÖv‡gi g~j¨vqb bxwZgvjv Dc¯’vcb Kiæb Ges Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ g~j¨vqbÕmn g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ Dcvq

133

Awa‡ekb 5

KvR-2: MvVwbK I mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi †¶Î Ges Zv cÖ‡qv‡Mi †KŠkj e¨vL¨v mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K cÖkœ KiæbÑ

Â MvVwbK g~j¨vqb Ges mvgwóK g~j¨vqb Kx? DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|

Â MvVwbK g~j¨vqb Ges mvgwóK g~j¨vqb Kxfv‡e Kiv hvq Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

KvR-3: cvV cwiKíbvq MvVwbK I mvgwóK g~j¨vqb Uzjm eënvi mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cuvPwU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges cuvPwU `j‡K wbgœewY©Z †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K MvVwbK I mvgwóK g~j¨vqb AšÍf©y³ K‡i cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|

» evsjv KweZv c‡o e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Kiv|

» †kªwYK‡¶ wewfbœ wkLbZË¡ AbymiY K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

» mgvR wel‡q Ôcwi‡ek msiÿY I DbœqbÕ|

» evqyi Dcv`vb|

» MwYZ wkL‡b Developmental Psychology m¤úwK©Z Z‡Ë¡i eënvi cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

» `‡ji KvR †k‡l `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|


y MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ AvnŸvb Kiæb|

¯ÂbywPšÍb » mK‡j DËi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb wK? †Kb K‡ibwb wPšÍv Kiæb|


» wkLbdj AR©‡b Abym„Z KvR h‡_ó wQj wK? bv _vK‡j bZzb Kx KvR Kiv †hZ?

» mK‡j wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wK? bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j †Kb cv‡ibwb Zv fveyb|

» Awa‡ekb AskMÖnYg~jK wQj wK?

134

Awa‡ekb 1 w`b

16






mnvqK mvgMÖx : cvV mswkøó DcKiY, cvV¨ eB


KvR : we`¨vj‡qi nv‡Z Kj‡g MwYZ wel‡q †kÖwY cwiPvjbv mgq 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY Av‡Mi w`b †h †h †kÖwY‡Z cvV `vb K‡i‡Qb Zv‡K †mB †kÖwY‡Z cvV w`‡Z ejyb|

Â †kÖwY‡Z MwYZ wel‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq e¨e¯’vcbv Abyhvqx †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â ‰`wbK cvV cwiKíbv AbymiY K‡i †kÖYx cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Giæc 40 wgwb‡Ui `ywU cvV cÖ`vb †k‡l wb¤œwjwLZ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb|



» mswkøU wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i Kxfv‡e gwbUwis K‡i‡Qb I wdWe¨K w`‡q‡Qb?

135

Awa‡ekb 1 Awa‡ekb 2 w`b

16




mgq : 30 wgwbU

c×wZ I †KŠkj : †eªBb ÷wg©s, cÖ‡kœvËi, `‡j Av‡jvPbv



KvR : MwYZ wel‡q mswkøó KvR †kÖwYK‡¶ cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwfÁZv wewbgq mgq: 30 wgwbU









136

Awa‡ekb 3 w`b

16

wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ †KŠkj

g~jfve: eZ©gvbKv‡ji wewfbœ M‡elYvi djvdj Abymv‡i g~j¨vq‡bi cÖK…wZ Ges cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© bZzb aviYv cvIqv †M‡Q| Avgv‡ì †`‡k g~j¨vqb ej‡Z cix¶v †evSvq, Zv mvgwqK, lvb¥vwmK ev evwl©K n‡Z cv‡i| G cix¶vq mvaviYfv‡e wk¶v_©x‡ì welqwfwËKfv‡e wkLb cwigvc K‡i Zvi ¸Yv¸Y ev gvÎv wba©viY Kiv nq| bvbv Kvi‡Y Zv Kvjµ‡g gyL‡ ’i cix¶vq ch©ewmZ nq| G iKg cix¶v MÖn‡Yi Øviv wk¶v_©xiv †Kv‡bv mydj cvq bv| eis ejv hvq, G cix¶v Zv‡ì cÖK…Z †gavkw³‡Z cwigvc Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Aciw`‡K eZ©gvbKv‡j M‡elYvi wfwË‡Z ejv nq †h g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb hw` Ggbfv‡e nq, hvi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡K cÖK…Z wkLbjv‡f cwiPvwjZ Kiv hvq Zvn‡jB †Kej wk¶v_©x wkL‡bi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b mg_© nq| G Rb¨ g~j¨vqb ev A¨v‡mm‡g›U‡K ejv nq wkL‡bi Rb¨ g~j¨vqb (Assessment for Learning)| Ab¨w`‡K wk¶v_©xi wkL‡bi g~j¨vqb (Assessment of Learning) cÖwZôvb, wk¶vµg, wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj Dbœq‡bi cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e g~j¨vqb cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| Giƒc g~j¨vqb‡K ejv nq mvgwóK g~j¨vqb| G Awa‡ek‡b g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ êwkó¨mn †kªwYK‡¶ wewfbœ †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|


1. g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ïk¨mn g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. MvVwbK I mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ w`Kmn cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. wcwUAvB‡Z wWwcGW †Kv‡m© g~j¨vq‡bi welqwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges mdjfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


mnvqK mgvMÖx: wfwWI wK¬c, n¨vÛ AvDU, †cv÷vi, gvK©vi, mv`v †evW©, wfc KvW© BZ¨vw`

c×wZ I †KŠkj: msw¶ß e³…Zv, mgMÖ †kªwY‡Z KvR, `jxq KvR, †eªBb ÷wg©s BZ¨vw`

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: g~j¨vq‡bi êwkó¨ Ges wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z g~j¨vqb bxwZ mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â Ôg~j¨vqbÕ KvRwU wj‡L AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Kiæb ÔZviv G wel‡q Kx Rv‡bb?Õ DËi w`‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb Ges g~j¨vq‡bi êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© GKgZ nb|

Â wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z g~j¨vqb m¤úwK©Z bxwZ msw¶ßfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiæb (DPEd Framework-Gi Assessment system fv‡jvfv‡e c‡o DwjøwLZ e¨vL¨v †`‡eb)|

KvR-2: mvgwóK I MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi êwkó¨ mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â mvgwóK I MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi êwkó¨ ej‡Z ejyb

Â cuvPwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi mvgwóK I MvVwbK g~j¨vqb m¤úwK©Z n¨vÛ AvDUwU cÖ`vb Kiæb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wWwcGW Kg©m~wPi mvgwóK I MvVwbK g~j¨vqb m¤úwK©Z aviYv ¯úó Ki‡Z ejyb|

wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z g~j¨vq‡bi wewfbœ †KŠkj

137

Awa‡ekb 3

KvR-3: wWwcGW †Kv‡m© g~j¨vq‡bi êwkó¨ (†Kvm© I wk¶K gvb g~j¨vqb) mgq: 25 wgwbU

Â wWwcGW †d«gIqv‡K©i A¨v‡mm‡g›U wm‡÷g Aa¨vqwU c~‡e©B d‡UvKwc K‡i ivLyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì QqwU `‡j (cÖ‡dkbvj ÷vwW, evsjv, MwYZ, Bs‡iwR, weÁvb I mgvR) fvM Kiæb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨KwU `j‡K wWwcGW †d«gIqv‡K©i A¨v‡mm‡g›U wm‡÷g Aa¨vqwU co‡Z w`b|

Â cÖ‡Z¨KwU `j‡K welqwfwËKfv‡e MvVwbK I mvgwóK Dfq g~j¨vqbmn wk¶K gvb g~j¨vqb fvjfv‡e co‡Z ejyb|(incourse and final)

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K mnvqZv w`b Ges ejyb †h MvVwbK I mvgwóK Dfq g~j¨vq‡bi †KŠkj, gvb, mgqKvj Ges †K Ki‡e, djvd‡ji eënvi Kx n‡e †m welq¸‡jv coyb I Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

Â cov I Av‡jvPbv †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zv‡ì aviYv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb

Â Dc¯’vcb †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K‡K †Kvm© I gvb g~j¨vq‡b wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b|

Â †cøbvwi‡Z cybivq wWwcGW †Kv‡m© g~j¨vq‡bi mvgwMÖK welqwU Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

Â G †¶‡Î wcwUAvB, †bc, we`¨vjq Ges Bb÷ªv±‡ii f~wgKv Kx n‡Z cv‡i †m m¤ú‡K© ¯úó Kiæb|


wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì AvR‡Ki wkLb Ae¯’v hvPvB Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ

y gvb g~j¨vqb Avgiv †Kb Kwi?

y wWwcGW †Kv‡m© MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi ¸iæZ¡ KZLvwb?

¯^-AbywPšÍb » K) cvVwU wk¶v_©x‡ì Kv‡Q Dc‡fvM¨ wQj Kx?

g~j¨vq‡bi aviYvwU wk¶v_©xiv Zv‡ì cÖwk¶Y we`¨vj‡qi AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z

138

Awa‡ekb 4 I 5w`b

16

†Kvm© I ÷¨vÛvW© g~j¨vqb

g~jfve: g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© c~‡e©i Awa‡ekb¸‡jv‡Z êwkó¨, †KŠkj, †¶Î BZ¨vw` welq m¤ú‡K© wek` aviYv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì AwR©Ze¨ ÷¨vÛvW© wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zviv wcwUAvB‡Z 20 mßvnKvjxb mg‡q 7wU †Kvm©I Aa¨qb Ki‡e| cÖwZwU ÷¨vÛv‡W© cÖ`Ë Ávb, Abykxjb Ges g~‡j¨‡eva †Wv‡gB‡b cÖ`Ë †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwZwU †Kv‡m©i g~j¨gvb Abymv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x‡K wba©vwiZ cvm b¤î †c‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b GKwU welq D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±iMY cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x‡K Ggbfv‡e PvwjZ Ki‡eb Ges mnvqZv †`‡eb, hv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wba©vwiZ †hvM¨Zv Ges welqwfwËKfv‡e cvm b¤î cvq|


1. wk¶K gvb g~j¨vq‡bi welqwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡bi mv‡_ wk¶K gvb m¤ú‡K© Abyaveb K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡b wewfbœ w`K wPwýZ K‡i Zv cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgqKvj: 3 NÈv

mnvqK mgvMÖx: wfwWI wK¬c, n¨vÛ AvDU, †cv÷vi, gvK©vi, mv`v †evW©, wfc KvW© BZ¨vw`

c×wZ I †KŠkj : msw¶ß e³…Zv, mgMÖ †kªwY‡Z KvR, `jxq KvR, †eªBb ÷wg©s BZ¨vw`

Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY

KvR-1: wk¶K gvb g~j¨vqb (†KŠkj I †iKW© msi¶Y) mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â DPEd Framework †_‡K Knowledge, Practice Ges Values †Wv‡gB‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †_‡K GKwU ÷¨vÛvW©, †hvM¨Zv Ges m~PK cÖ`k©b Kiæb| ejyb †h, cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x‡K Giƒc cÖ‡Z¨KwU †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| †m †¶‡Î wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i, cÖwk¶Y we`¨vjq Ges wk¶v_©xi KiYxq Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| D‡jøL¨ †h, wk¶K gvb wcwUAvB‡Z †Kvm© cÖwk¶Y, we`¨vj‡q `ywU ch©v‡q AwR©Z AwfÁZvi wfwË‡Z Kiv n‡e| cÖwZwU †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ †¶Î _vK‡Z cv‡i| Avevi GKwU †¶‡Î †hgb †h †Kv‡bv †kªwY cvVbvq GKvwaK †hvM¨ZvI AwR©Z n‡Z cv‡i|

Â QqwU `‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡ì fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Knowledge, Practice Ges Values †_‡K GKwU ÷¨vÛvW©, Competency, Indicator w`‡q Zv cÖ_g †_‡K PZz_© Uv‡g© Zv Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv hvq Zvi GKwU cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cwiKíbvq wk¶K gv‡bi wecix‡Z cÖvß cÖgvY D‡jøL Ki‡Z ejyb| wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi Kx Kx cÖgvY †cvU©‡dvwjI‡Z msiÿY Ki‡e Zv wjL‡Z ejyb

Â †cøbvwi‡Z cwiKíbv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|


139

Awa‡ekb 4 I 5

KvR-2 : wkLb gvb AR©‡bi †KŠkj mgq 1 NÈv

Â wkÿK gvb AR©‡bi †ÿÎ m¤ú‡K© ej~b †h wkÿK gvb AR©‡bi welqwU wba©vwiZ nq wbw`©ó cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi mgq Ges Zv cÖ_g Uvg© †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Z…Zxq Uvg ch©šÍ Ges Gi PZz_© Uv‡g© wbR we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi mgq|

Â ejyb †h wkÿK gvb g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ Dcvq¸‡jv Aej¤^b Kiv nq :

» †kÖwY‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZg~jK KvR †hgb cvV-cwiKíbv, wkÿv DcKiY, AwZwi³ wkLbmvgMÖx, g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv cixÿv K‡i †`‡L gvb wba©viY

» †kÖwYK‡ÿi †PKwjó eënvi K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv ch©‡eÿY

» AvbyôvwbK Ges AbvbyôwbK mvÿvrKvi

» wkÿv_©x, wkÿK, cÖavb wkÿK Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì gv-evev, Awffve‡Ki m¤ú‡K© ch©‡eÿY

KvR- 3 : wkÿK gvb AR©‡bi avc mgq: 25 wgwbU

Â ejyb †h 23wU wkÿKgvb 1wU ev 2wU Uv‡g© AR©b Kiv hv‡e bv †mRb¨ †Kvb Uv‡g© G‡KKwU wkÿKgv‡bi †Kvb †Kvb Ask AR©b Kiv m¤¢e †m m¤ú‡K© GKwU cwiKíbv _vKv ìKvi| wKš‘ ZviI c~‡e© cÖ‡qvRb G‡KKwU wkÿK gvb AR©‡bi Rb¨ wK wK KvR Kiv ìKvi n‡e|

Â c~‡e©i 6wU `‡j 4/3wU gvb e›Ub K‡i w`b| wb‡¤œi QK Abymv‡i KvR Ges mgq/Uvg© wjL‡Z ejyb-

wk¶v_©x m¤ú‡K© cÖwZ‡e`b

wk¶v_©xi bvg:------------------ †kÖwY †ivj:

Dc‡Rjv:----------------------- †mkb:

ch©vq / Uvg© cÖ_g/wØZxq/Z…Zxq

wk¶K gvb KvR/ cÖgvY

AMÖMwZi mvi ms‡¶c:

(gvb D‡jøLc~e©K)

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140


Dbœq‡bi †¶Îmg~n:

(cieZ©x‡Z KiYxq mywbw`©ófv‡e)

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cÖwZ‡e`bKvixi ¯^v¶i, ZvwiL we`¨vj‡qi wmj

I wmj

KvR-4: †Kvm© I wk¶K gvb g~j¨vq‡bi m¤úK© mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡bi welqwU c~‡e© cÖ`Ë AwfÁZv Abymv‡i e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ w`‡Z ejyb| ejyb †h †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î mvgwóK Ges MvVwbK Dfq w`KwU eënvi Kiv n‡e| mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cix¶v eë¯’v Ges MvVwbK g~j¨vqb Kvjµ‡g mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡b cwiMwYZ nIqvi Rb¨ †cvU©‡dvwjI eënvi Kivi cwiKíbv i‡q‡Q|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †cvU©‡dvwjI, A¨vKkb wimvP© Ges A¨vmvBb‡g›U eënvi Kivi c×wZ, myweav-Amyweav Ges †iKW© ivLvi w`KwU e¨vL¨v Kiæb Ges nv‡Z-Kj‡g cÖ`k©b Kiæb (G Rb¨ c~e© †_‡KB cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z n‡e Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GKvwaK A¨vmvBb‡g›U cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e)|

Â ejyb †h, ÷¨vÛvW© g~j¨vq‡bi welqwU wewfbœ welq g~j¨vq‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| †m Rb¨ Professional Study wel‡qi †Kvm© AvDUjvBb Ges Standard `‡j cÖ`vb K‡i Df‡qi m¤úK© wba©viY Ki‡Z ejyb Ges †m †¶‡Î g~j¨vqb Kx n‡Z cv‡i ZvI wba©viY K‡i GKwU Kg©cÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â †cøbvwi‡Z Kg©cÎ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| ms‡hvRb/we‡qvRb K‡i ÷¨vÛvW© Ges †Kvm© g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© aviYv ¯úó Kiæb (G †¶‡Î Famework-Gi mvnvh¨ wb‡q c~‡e©B cÖ¯‘wZ wbb)|

KvR-5: †Kvm© g~j¨vqb mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡bi welqwU cybivq ¯úó Kiæb, †hgbÑ†Kvb †Kv‡m©i KLb cix¶v n‡e, cix¶vi †¶‡Î Af¨šÍixY Ges ewnt¯’ cix¶v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiæb|

Â cybivq MvVwbK g~j¨vqb m¤úwK©Z n¨vÛ AvDU cÖ`vb K‡i `‡j Zv Av‡jvPbv K‡i †Kvm© g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© GKwU Kg©cÎ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â wcwUAvB‡Z †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡b wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±‡ii cÖ¯‘wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z ejyb|


141


g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wbgœiƒc cÖkœ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ

y wk¶K gv‡bi K‡qKwU m~PK D‡j L Kiæb

y †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡bi †iKW© msi¶‡Y Kx Ki‡eb?

¯^AbywPšÍb » AvR‡Ki cvVwU Kx wk¶v_©xiv mn‡R eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q?

» e¨eüZ mnvqK mvgMÖx Kx cv‡Vi Rb¨ h‡_vchy³ wQj?

142

w`b

17Awa‡ekb 1

wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡b we`¨vjq I wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv ch©v‡jvPbv

g~jfve: we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb jÿ¨ wkÿvµ‡gi mKj ev¯Íevqb we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK Ges wkÿv_©x wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi m‡½ mivmwi m¤ú„³| mevB wg‡j cwiKwíZ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewj m¤úv`‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb| Z‡e wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡b G‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki f~wgKv wfbœ wfbœ| wkÿvµ‡gi mKj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wkÿK‡K me©cÖ_g wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© fv‡jvfv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e| wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMÖx Kx Kx cvIqv hvq Zv mwVKfv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e| cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi I eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| wkÿvµ‡gi D‡Ïk¨mg~n KZLvwb AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| †h wkÿK G mKj KvR myôz I Kvh©Kifv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡ib wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡b wZwb AwaK mdjZv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi m‡½ Gme Kv‡Ri m¤úK© ev †hvMm~Î A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q ¯úó bq| G Awa‡ek‡b Avkv Kiv hvq Zv ¯úó n‡e|

wkLbdj: GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l wkÿv_©xivÑ

1. wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡b we`¨vjq I wkÿ‡Ki mywbw`©ó f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. wkÿvµ‡g ewY©Z †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welq, wkÿv_©x I wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. wkÿvµg, cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges g~j¨vq‡bi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


mnvqK mvgMÖx : cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †nvqvBU †evW© BZ¨vw`

c×wZ †KŠkj : cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv, `jxq KvR, Dc¯’vcb BZ¨vw`


KvR- 1: wkÿvµg ev Íevq‡b we`¨vjq I wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv RvbvÑ mgq: 45 wgwbU

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì mv‡_ Kzkj wewbgq Kiæb|

Â †ev‡W© ÔwkÿKÕ, Ôwe`¨vjqÕ Ges wkÿvµg GB kã ¸wj wjLyb Ges †KvbwU me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges †Kb Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb ?

Â K‡qK R‡bi KvQ †_‡K Zv‡ì gZvgZ Rvbyb (†hgb-†KD hw` g‡b K‡i wkÿvµg me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zvici wkÿK Ges Zvici we`¨vjq)

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi gva¨‡g wkÿvµg, we`¨vjq I wkÿK‡ì cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| †hgb-

» wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡b we`¨vj‡qi f~wgKv Kx ?

» wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡b wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv Kx ?

wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡b we`¨vjq I wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv ch©v‡jvPbv

143

Awa‡ekb 1

wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡b we`¨vj‡qi f~wgKv :

» we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb jÿ¨ wkÿvµ‡gi mdj ev¯Íevqb

» we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK, mnKvix wkÿK Ges wkÿv_©x wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi mv‡_ mivmwi m¤ú„³|

» wkÿvµ‡gi mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ we`¨vjq GbwmwUwe KZ…©K cÖYxZ wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMÖx Av‡Q Kxbv ? bv _vK‡j †h¸‡jv msMÖn I msiÿY Kiv|

» we`¨vjq Gme wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMÖxi h_v_© e¨venvi n‡”Q Kxbv Zv wbwðZ Kiv|

wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡b wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv :

» wkÿvµ‡gi mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wkÿK‡K me©cÖ_g wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© fvjfv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e|

» wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wkLb †kLv‡bv mvgMÖx Kx Kx cvIqv hvq Zv mwVKfv‡e Rvb‡Z n‡e|

» cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi I eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

» wkÿvµ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ KZLvwb AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

» GB †cÖÿvc‡U evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkÿvµ‡gi D‡Ïk¨mn wkÿvµ‡gi êwkó¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

KvR- 2: wkÿvµg, cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges g~j¨vq‡bi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© Rvbv- mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K wkÿvµg, cvV¨cy¯ÍK I g~j¨vq‡bi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© Kx Zv wR‡Ám Kiæb| 2/3 R‡bi KvQ †_‡K DËi ïbyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 6wU `‡j wef³ Kiæb| Zv‡ì AwfÁZvi wfwË‡Z wkÿvµ‡gi mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ g~j¨vq‡bi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© A_©vr g~j¨vqb †Kb cÖ‡qvRb †m m¤ú‡K© 5wU evK¨ wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

†cøbvwi Av‡jvPbvq ejyb †h, evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿvµg n‡”Q †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµg| G wkÿvµ‡g cÖv_wgK Í‡ii cÖ‡Z¨K welq I †kªwYi wba©vwiZ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv µgvbymv‡i AR©b Kivi j‡ÿ¨ web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| wkÿv_©xi †h mKj Kvw•ÿZ †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wkLb AMÖMwZ hvPvB Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ g~j¨vq‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| ZvQvov wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb NvUwZ wPwýZ K‡i h_vh_ wbivgqg~jK eë¯’v MÖn‡Y mnvqZv Kiv Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì cieZx© †kªwY ev ¯Í‡i DbœxZKi‡Yi Rb¨ wbw`©ó gvb wba©viY Ki‡Z g~j¨vqb Acwinvh©|



y wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡b wkÿ‡Ki f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© wZbwU D`vniY w`b

y g~j¨vqb Kivi †ÿ‡Î djveZ©b cÖ`vb †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib ?

144

w`b

17Awa‡ekb 2

AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Abymv‡i Kvh©Kifv‡e cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ wefvRb

g~jfve: cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i wewfbœ cvV¨cy¯Í‡K (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb I evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq) Kx Kx welqe¯‘ AšÍf©y³ Av‡Q Zv Rvbv Avek¨K| cÖ‡Z¨K †kÖwY‡Z Kx wkLb dj AR©b Kiv‡Z n‡e cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ Zv Rvbv Lye Riæwi| G Awa‡ek‡b AskMÖnYKvixMY †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ welqe¯‘ I wkLbd‡ji m¤úK© wel‡q AewnZ n‡q ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv K‡i cÖwZwU wkÿv_©x AMÖMwZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb|


1. †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ welqe¯‘ I wkLbd‡ji m¤úK© Dcjwä K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ wefvRb K‡i cwiKíbv K‡i cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi AMÖMwZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU|

mnvqK mvgMÖx: cÖ_g-cÂg †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii cvV¨cy¯ÍK, †cv÷vi, gvK©vi, Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg BZ¨vw`

c×wZ I †KŠkj: cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡jvPbv I `‡j KvR


KvR : †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I cvV¨cy¯ÍK we‡kølY (cÖ_g-cÂg †kÖwY) mgq: 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wRÁvmv Kiæb cÖ_g-cÂg †kªwY ch©šÍ wkÿv_©x‡ì Kx †kLvi K_v, Zv †Kv_vq wjwce× Av‡Q? DËi †kvbvi ci ejyb-cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ †hvM¨Zv wfwËK wkÿvµ‡g welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv I †kÖwY wfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi ZvwjKv †`qv Av‡Q|

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ejyb, A‡b‡KB Gi Av‡M welqwfwËK cÖwkÿY †c‡q‡Qb Ges welqwfwËK cÖwkÿ‡Yi GKwU Ask wQj †hvM¨Zv wfwËK wkÿvµg I cvVëB‡qi Dci Av‡jvPbv I we‡kølY| GB Awa‡ek‡bI Avgiv †h †Kv‡bv GKwU (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq) wel‡qi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv, welqe¯‘ I DcKiY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie|

KvR-2: †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I cvV¨cy ÍK we‡kølY mgq: 55 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 5wU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j †h †Kv‡bv GKwU (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq) cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kªwY cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv weZiY Kiæb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡ì‡K cÖ_‡g cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki †h †Kvb GKwU welq co‡Z ejyb Ges D³ wel‡qi welqe¯‘i mv‡_ †Kvb †Kvb AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi wgj Av‡Q Zv wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| Gfv‡e cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kªwY‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K †kÖwY‡Z KqwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q †m Abyhvqx welq¸‡jv‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Abymv‡i Kvh©Kifv‡e cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ wefvRb

145

Awa‡ekb 2

Â †h †Kvb GKwU wel‡qi Dc‡i KvR Ki‡Z e‡j DwjøwLZ welqwU‡Z cÖwZw`‡bi cvV Abymv‡i wef³ Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨KwU cv‡Vi wkLbdj wbY©q Ki‡Z ejyb| wkLbdj wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi f~wgKv ev m¤úK© wK Zv wjL‡Z ejyb| cwi‡k‡l 4wU Kjv‡gÑ cÖ_g Kjv‡g AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wØZxq Kjv‡g welqe¯‘i bvg Z…Zxq Kjv‡g wkLbdj Ges PZz_© Kjv‡g DcKiY Gfv‡e QKwU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv welqe¯‘ wkLbdj DcKiY

Â `jxq KvR †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| Dc¯’vc‡bi ci wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|

cÖkœ: mgq 5 wgwbU

» †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wkÿvµ‡g Kx Kx †hvM¨Zv wba©viY Kiv Av‡Q?

» †hvM¨Zv¸‡jvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L cvVëB¸‡jv Kxfv‡e cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q?

» Gi gva¨‡g Kx me¸‡jv †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kiv hv‡e?

Â Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ejyb, Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ cvVëB n‡”Q wkÿvµ‡gi †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kiv‡bvi gva¨g| cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ †kl Kiv bq, †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kiv‡bvB Avgv‡ì jÿ¨|



y cvV¨cy¯‘‡Ki welqe¯‘i mv‡_ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv m¤úK© Kx?

y wkLbdj wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î AR©b †hvM¨vZvi fzwgKv Kx?

146

w`b

17Awa‡ekb 3

†kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv Kiv

g~jfve: cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwYK‡ÿ wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Aew¯’Z wkÿv_©x Av‡Q| G wfbœ cvVMZ Aew¯’Z wkÿv_©x‡ì‡K Kxfv‡e eQ‡ii ïiæ‡Z 3 gv‡mi g‡a¨ cÖwZwU wkïi AMÖMwZ wbwðZ Kiv hvq Zvi GKwU cwiKíbv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| GRb¨ †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ welqe¯‘ I wkLb d‡ji m¤ú‡K©i Av‡jv‡K GKwU ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv K‡i cÖwZwU wkïi AMÖMwZ wbwðZ Kiv hv‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|


1. ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv K‡i cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi AMÖMwZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq : 1 NÈv 30 wgwbU|

mnvqK mvgMÖx : cÖ_g-cÂg †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡ii cvV¨cy¯ÍK, †cv÷vi, gvK©vi, Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg BZ¨vw`

c×wZ I †KŠkj : cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡jvPbv I `‡j KvR


KvR- 1: ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Kiv mgq: 20 wgwbU


Â Zv‡ì ejyb †h, Gch©šÍ Avgiv cÖwZwU wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †kÖwYi cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x wkL‡bi †Kvb ¯Í‡i Av‡Q Zv g~j¨vqb K‡iwQ| G Awa‡ek‡bi Av‡jvPbvi welq n‡jv H wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv|

Â G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ bx‡Pi cÖkœwU Kiæb:

ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv †Kb cÖ‡qvRb?

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K DËi wb‡q †ev‡W© ev wd¬cPv‡U© wjLyb| bx‡Pi Z_¨wU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

GRb¨ Kxfv‡e c~e©eZ©x †kÖwYi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv eQ‡ii cÖ_g wZb gv‡m AR©b Kiv hvq †m j‡ÿ¨ GB ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

KvR-2 : AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv Kiv| mgq: 1 NÈv 5 wgwbU

Â †kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cvVëB‡q KZUzKz ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q Zv D‡jøL Kiæb|

Â G ch©v‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì mv‡_ wbgœ ewY©Z wel‡q Av‡jvPb KiæbÑ

» AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wkLbdj wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR Ges DcKiY Gi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©|

†kªwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv Kiv

147

Awa‡ekb 3

» cÖ_g Ges wØZxq †kªwY‡Z cvV¨ welq Ges AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wbY©q|

» Kxfv‡e cÖ_g †kªwYi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv 3 gv‡mi AR©bKiv m¤¢e| GKB fv‡e wØZxq I Z…Zxq †kªwYi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKwU m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K c~‡©ei `‡j KvR Ki‡Z ejyb|

fvlvi `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv

wØZxq gv‡mi Rb¨ cwiKíbv

Z…Zxq gv‡mi Rb¨ cwiKíbv

Dc‡ii bgybv wn‡m‡e evsjv wel‡qi Rb¨ ÎgvwmK cwiKíbv QKwU †ev‡W© cÖ`k©b Kiæb I eywS‡q w`b| cÖ‡qvR‡b we`¨vj‡qi wb‡`©wkKvi c~iYK…Z bgybv QK w`b (wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x wb‡`©wkKv eB‡qi 79 c„ôvq cÖ`Ë bgybv ˆÎgvwmK QKwU eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib)| 2 †_‡K 3 gv‡mi g‡a¨ wkÿv_©x‡ì eZ©gvb Ae¯’vb †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ Kxfv‡e cwiKíbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i ? Zv `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i QK †gvZv‡eK GKwU cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cwiKíbvwU `jxqfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| Ab¨ `j¸‡jv‡K †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K cwiKíbvwU cÖYqb Kiv n‡qwQj wKbv Zv we‡kølY Ki‡Z ejyb| hw` †Kv‡bv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †hvM¨Zv ev` w`‡q _v‡K Zv mshy³ Kiv hvq wKbv Zv hyw³ w`‡q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Dc¯’vcb †k‡l mKj `j‡K cwiKíbvwU cwigvR©b Ki‡Z ejyb| GRb¨ 10 wgwbU mgq w`b|

Â mKj‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|


g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wbgœiƒc cÖkœ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ y cvV¨cy¯‘‡Ki welqe¯‘i mv‡_ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv m¤úK© Kx?

y ˆÎgvwmK cwiKíbv Kiv †Kb cÖ‡qvRb e‡j g‡b K‡ib ?

148

w`b

17Awa‡ekb 4

†kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vq‡bi (Classroom Based Assessment) †KŠkj

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wkLbdj: G Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnbKvixMYÑ

1. we`¨vjqwfwËK(SBA) I †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vq‡bi (CBA) Kv‡h©vc‡hvMx msÁv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vq‡bi êwkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vqb I we`¨vjqwfwËK g~j¨vq‡bi cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

4. g~j¨vqb Kxfv‡e †kLv‡bvi c×wZ I wkLb D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


mnvqK mvgMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †nvqvBU †evW© BZ¨vw`

c×wZ/†KŠkj : cÖ‡kœvËi, `jxq KvR, Av‡jvPbv


KvR- 1 : †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vqb Ges we`¨vjqwfwËK g~j¨vqb mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mv‡_ Kzkj wewbgq Kiæb|

Â †ev‡W© Ôg~j¨vqbÕ kãwU wjLyb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì G m¤ú‡K© Kx aviYv Zv ej‡Z ejyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì DË‡ii m~Î a‡i g~j¨vqb †Kb cÖ‡qvRb Zv ej‡Z ejyb| Zv‡ì DË‡ii †cÖwÿ‡Z ejyb †h, Ô†Kvb wkÿY wkLb cÖwµqvq wkÿv_©x Kx wk‡L‡Q, KZUzKz wk‡L‡Q, Avi KZUzKz wkLv evwK, hv wkL‡Z cv‡iwb Zv wkL‡Z Zv‡ì Kx Ki‡Z n‡e ? Gme cÖ‡kœi DËi †c‡Z n‡j g~j¨vqb cÖ‡qvRb|Õ

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vqb I we`¨vjqwfwËK g~j¨vqb ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| 2/3 R‡bi KvQ †_‡K Zv‡ì DËi ïbyb|

†kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vq‡bi (Classroom Based Assessment) †KŠkj

149

Awa‡ekb 4

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vq‡bi GKwU msÁv †bvU LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb| wjLv †kl n‡j cv‡ki R‡bi ms‡½ Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â bx‡Pi msÁvwU wd¬cPv‡U© A_ev †cv÷vi KvM‡R wj‡L Szwj‡q w`b Ges c‡o †kvbvb| mKj‡K Zv‡ì wjwLZ msÁv wd¬cPv‡U© msÁvi mv‡_ wgj Av‡Q Kxbv Zv †`L‡Z ejyb| †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv ej‡Z ejyb|

†kÖYxwfwËK g~j¨vqb n‡jv ÔwkL‡bi R‡b¨ g~j¨vqbÕ| G‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqv PjvKvjxb wkÿv_©x‡ì AR©b ev †hvM¨Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| GB g~j¨vq‡b wkÿv_©xi GKK AR©‡bi Dci ZvrÿwYK djveZ©b cÖ`vb Kiv nq Ges wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqvi AMÖMwZ cwiexÿY Kiv nq| GUv wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqvi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| KviY, G‡Z wkÿK Zvi AR©b performance) Gi Dci djveZ©b †c‡q _v‡Kb Ges Z`byhvqx Zvi †kLv‡bvi c×wZ, g~j¨vqb c×wZ I DcKiY cwigvR©b I cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Â Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 6wU `‡j fvM n‡Z ejyb Ges 3wU `j‡K we`¨vjqwfwËK g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx

cÖwµqv Avgiv eënvi Kwi Ges we`¨vjqwfwËK g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvi êwkó¨¸‡jv Ges 3wU `j‡K †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv Ges êwkó¨ `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â `jxq KvR †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K †Uwe‡j `‡ji GKRb‡K _vK‡Z ejyb Ges evwK m`m¨‡ì‡K Ab¨ `‡ji KvR Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b H †Uwe‡ji `jxq cÖwZwbwai Kv‡Q cÖkœ K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v †R‡b wbb|

KvR- 2 : †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vqb Ges we`¨vjqwfwËK g~j¨vq‡bi cv_©K¨ mgq : 40 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K c~‡e©i `‡j em‡Z ejyb Ge †ev‡W© †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vqb Ges we`¨vjqwfwËK g~j¨vqb kã 2wU cvkvcvwk wjLyb| `‡j †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vqb Ges we`¨vjqwfwËK g~j¨vq‡bi cv_©K¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡i †bvU LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb| GRb¨ 10 wgwbU mgq w`b|

Â Gevi cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K ch©vqµ‡g G‡KK Rb‡K †ev‡W© †kÖwYwfwËK g~j¨vqb Ges we`¨vjqwfwËK g~j¨vqb Gi GKwU K‡i cv_©K¨ wjL‡Z ejyb| mKj `‡ji wjLv †kl n‡j cv_©K¨ ¸‡jv c‡o †kvbvb|

Â mnvqK Z_¨- 1.4.1 d‡UvKwc K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji m`m¨‡K Zv cÖ`vb Kiæb Ges co‡Z ejyb|

Â mKj‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|


g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wbgœiƒc cÖkœ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ y wkÿv_©x‡ì g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î djveZ‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Kx

y we`¨vjqwfwËK g~j¨vq‡bi GKwU êwkó ejyb

150

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18Awa‡ekb 1

cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_©x‡ì Abykxjb m¤úwK©Z chv©‡jvPbv|

g~jfve: wWwcGW †Kv‡m© wkÿv_©xMY cÖ_g, wØZxq I Z…Zxq Uv‡g© iæwUb AbymiY K‡i †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖn‡Yi cvkvcvwk cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q wkÿY Kvh©µg Abykxjb K‡ib| GRb¨ cÖ_g Uvg© †_‡KB Bb÷ªv±iMY cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ wkÿv_©x‡ì AeMZ K‡i _v‡Kb| G †cÖwÿ‡ZcÖ‡Z¨K wcwUAvB G 20wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq‡K cÖwkÿY we`¨vjq wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z wkÿv_©xiv we`¨vj‡qi †kªwY‡Z we`¨gvb kvLv Abymv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K †kªwY‡Z Abykxj‡bi my‡hvM cvq| cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_©x‡ì Abykxj‡bi D‡Ïk¨ h_vh_fv‡e AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZg~jK KvRmn Ab¨vb¨ KvR¸‡jv ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î we`¨gvb mgm¨v¸‡jv Abyaveb K‡i we`¨vj‡qi Abykxj‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡ì mnvqZv cÖ`vbmn cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi ms‡½ mswkøó mK‡ji `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨¸‡jv Dcjwä K‡i Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e| G Awa‡ek‡b †m welqwU Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wkLbdj: G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY-

1. cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi D‡Ïk¨mn Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZg~jK KvRmn Ab¨vb¨ KvR¸‡jv ev¯Íevq‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jv Dcjwä K‡i we`¨vjq Abykxj‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq w`K¸‡jv wkÿv_©x‡ì Dcjwä‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. cÖwkÿY we`¨j‡q Abykxj‡bi †ÿ‡Î mswkøó mK‡ji vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi welqmn Zvi †hŠw³KZv Dcjwä K‡i Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi mv‡_ wkÿK gvb AR©‡bi m¤úK© Dcjwä K‡i †m Abymv‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj: †eªBb ÷wg©s, GKK KvR/`jxq KvR, Dc¯’vcb, †cøbvwi, djveZ©b

mnvqK mvgMÖx: n¨vÛAvDU, †cv÷vi †ccvi, †evW©, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv


KvR- 1: cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv mgq: 45 wgwbU


Â †ev‡W© Òwe`¨vj‡qi AbykxjbÓ kã ywU wjLyb Ges we`¨vjq Abykxj‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì cÖwZwµqv ïbyb Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwZwµqv †ev‡W© wjLyb|

Â AZtci wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x‡ì we`¨vj‡qi Abykxj‡bi cÖ¯‘wZg~jK KvR, we`¨vj‡q KiYxq KvR Ges we`¨vjq †_‡K wcwUAvB wd‡i Avmvi ci KiYxq m¤ú‡K© mevB‡K fve‡Z ejyb Ges 2/3 R‡bi KvQ †_‡K KiYxq m¤ú‡K© ïbyb|

cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_©x‡ì Abykxjb m¤úwK©Z chv©‡jvPbv|

151

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Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb †h, wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y GKwU †kªwY‡Z wewfbœ Í‡ii wkÿv_©x _v‡K| H mKj wkÿv_©x‡ì‡K wba©vwiZ wKQz wkLb †KŠkj Aej¤b Ki‡j H mKj wkÿv_©xiv

wkL‡Z cvi‡e| wKš‘ H mKj c×wZ I †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wKQz mgm¨v I myweav Av‡Q| †hgb- mgq, cÖwZw`b wZbwU MÖæ‡ci ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv, MÖæ‡ci KvR †Ìqv BZ¨vw`|

Â G ch©v‡q cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K GKwU jvj i‡Oi Ges GKwU meyR i‡Oi KvW© w`b| jvj i‡Oi Kv‡W© we`¨vj‡qi Abykxj‡bi GKwU mgm¨v Ges meyR i‡Oi Kv‡W© we`¨vjq Abykxj‡bi GKwU myweav wjL‡Z ejyb| jvj I meyR KvW©¸‡jv Avjv`v Avjv`v †ev‡W© jvMv‡Z ejyb|

Â Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z KvW© ¸‡jv‡K mgm¨vi Ges myweavi ¸iæZ¡ Abymv‡i †ev‡W© mvRvb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ga¨ †_‡K GKRb‡K Zv c‡o †kvbv‡Z ejyb| AZtci nvD‡mi gZvgZ wbb| hw` Avi †Kvb mgm¨v ev` c‡o Zvn‡j mK‡ji gZvgZ wb‡q Zv c~‡e©i mgm¨v¸‡jvi mv‡_ hy³ Kiæb|

KvR- 2: cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxj‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jvi mgvav‡b mswkøó mK‡ji `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv| mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â Gevi cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì 5wU ‡j fvM Kiæb Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU ‡j 2/3/4wU mgm¨v w`‡q †m¸‡jv mgvav‡bi Dci `jxq fv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡i mgvavb wba©viY Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zv‡ì `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K ‡ji Dc¯’vcb †k‡l we`¨vjq Abykxjb m¤úwK©Z mv¤cÖwZK wb‡`©kbvwU (wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x wb‡`©wkKv eB‡qi 22-28 c„ôvq cÖ`Ë 2.2 cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q wcwUAvB wkÿv_©xi Abykxjb m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©kbv) weZiY Kiæb Ges DwjøwLZ wb‡`©kbv ¸‡jv Zv‡ì wPwýZ Kiv mgm¨v I mgvav‡bi Dcv‡qi mv‡_ wgj Ki‡Z ejyb| Ges DwjøwLZ wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ h_vh_ wKbv ZvI wbY©q Ki‡Z ejyb| hw` Ggb †Kvb mgm¨v _v‡K hv DwjøwLZ wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i mgvavb‡hvM¨ bq Zv c‡o kbv³ Kiæb Ges mK‡ji mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv mgvavb Kiæb|

Â GB ch©v‡q we`¨vjq Abykxjb Ges wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb Ges G †ÿ‡Î wcwUAvB mycvi Bb÷ªv±i wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x, cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿK Ges wkÿK‡ì `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|


g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wbgœiƒc cÖkœ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ y we`¨vj‡hi Abykxj‡bi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Kx ?

y we`¨vj‡hi Abykxj‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki f‚wgKv Kx ?

152

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18Awa‡ekb 2

wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i cvV`vb †KŠkj wba©viY

g~jfve: wfbœ wfbœ wkÿY gvÎvi wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b cvV¨ welqe¯‘ AvqËKiY, wkÿY cÖwµqvKiY, Ávb wewbg©vY A_ev ZË¡MZ aviYv msMV‡b ¯^Zš¿ †kªwY eë¯’vcbv cÖ‡qvRb nq| GKB †kªwY‡Z wfbœ wfbœ †gav¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x _vKvq Zv‡ì Rb¨ wkLb Pvwn`v c~i‡Y ¯^Zš¿ wkLb-†KŠkj I wk‡ÿvcKiY cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq Ges Gfv‡e wkLb †hvM¨Zv, wbwe©‡k‡l mKj wkÿv_©xi Kvh©Ki wkLb wbwðZ Kiv nq|


1. wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’vb (Differentiated learning)-Dcjwä K‡i †kªwYwfwËK fv‡e †Kvb cv‡Vi wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

1. wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb mgq eë¯’vcbv, †kªwY eë¯’vcbvi KvR¸‡jv myPviæiƒ‡c cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj : †eªBb ÷wg©s, GKK KvR/`jxq KvR, Dc¯’vcb, †cøbvwi, djveZ©b

mnvqK mvgMÖx : n¨vÛAvDU, †cv÷vi †ccvi, †evW©, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv Awa‡ek‡bi weeiY:

KvR- 1: wkÿv_x©‡ì wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’v‡bi aviYv Av‡jvPbv mgq: 40 wgwbU


Â c~‡e©i cÖwkÿ‡Yi m~Î a‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K ejyb †h, Avgiv wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡i wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡Y wkÿY c×wZ I wkLb cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K©I †R‡bwQ| Zv‡ì‡K ejyb †h, GB bxwZ Abymv‡i GKwU †kªwY‡Z mKj wkïi H †kªwY‡Z I H wel‡q AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Z_v wkLb wbwðZ K‡i|

Â G ch©v‡q Differentiated learning- Abymv‡i wWwcGW G †kªwY cwiPvjbvq 5/6 R‡bi AwfÁZv ej‡Z ejyb|

Â Differentiated learning- Abymv‡i wWwcGW-G †kªwY cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î wKQz wbqg wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì H wbqg¸‡jv wK Zv ej‡Z ejyb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì m¤¢ve¨ DËi Avkv Kiv hvq

» Baseline g~j¨vqb

» cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv

» ˆ`wbK †kªwYi wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv

» cvwÿK g~j¨vqb

» mgq I †kªwY eë¯’vcbv BZ¨vw`|

wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i cvV`vb †KŠkj wba©viY

153

Awa‡ekb 2

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g Dc‡iv³ welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì gZvgZ e¨³ Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Av‡jvPbv Kiæb (Av‡jvPbvq Aek¨B cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì‡K cÖkœ K‡i Zv‡ì gZvgZ ïb‡Z n‡e Ges Av‡jvPbvq Zv‡ìB cÖvavb¨ _vK‡e|)

wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’vb m¤úwK©Z wb‡Pi Bs‡iwR wjLv AskUzKz c‡o ïbvb Ges Zv‡ì aviYv ¯úó Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|

Ellis, Gable, Geg, & Rock (2008, p.32) ÔÔ ensuring that what a student learns, how he/she learns it, and how the student demonstrates what he/she learnt is match for that student’s readiness level, interest and preferred mode of learning”.

KvR- 2: wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i cvV `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Abym„Z wbq‡gi myweav I Amyweav wPwýZ K‡i Zv mgvavb Kiv| mgq 45 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb †h, Differentiated learning-Abymv‡i GKwU †kªwY‡Z wfbœ wfbœ wkLb ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x _v‡K| H mKj wkÿv_©x‡ì‡K wba©vwiZ wKQz wkLb †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡j Zviv fv‡jv fv‡e wkL‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ H mKj c×wZ ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wKQz mgm¨v I myweav i‡q‡Q| †hgb mgq, cÖwZw`b 3wU ¯Í‡ii ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv, wewfbœ ¯Í‡i KvR †Ìqv BZ¨vw`|

Â G ch©v‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì 6wU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges wb‡Pi welqe¯‘¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨KwU `‡j mieivn Kiæb|

» †eBmjvBb g~j¨vqb

» cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv

» cvwÿK g~j¨vqb I †iKW© msiÿY

» cvV cwiKíbv Abymv‡i ˆ`wbK †kªwY cwiPvjbv

» †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î welqe¯‘ Abymv‡i †Rvovq KvR (†hgb- K‡_vcK_b, †Kvb wel‡qi m¤ú‡K© G‡K Ac‡ii gZvgZ cÖKvk BZ¨vw`), †QvU `‡j KvR (wkÿ‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Ges wkÿ‡Ki mvnvh¨ Qvov), cª‡kœvËi, GKvKx wewfbœ KvR m¤úv`b (†hgb-k~b¨¯’vb c~iY, cÖ‡kœvËi †jLv, Qwe AuvKv, †Kvb wel‡q cov), cÖ‡R± cwiPvjbv. †Km ÷vwW BZ¨vw` KvR ˆ`wbK cvV-cwiKíbvq AšÍf©y³ Ki‡Z n‡e| G KvR¸wj Aek¨B wkï wkÿv_©xi AvMÖn, ÿgZv Ges †cÖÿvcU we‡ePbv K‡i cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

» mgq I †kªwY eë¯’vcbv

» DcKiY I KvR wba©viY

Â `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖ‡Z¨KwU wel‡qi myweav I Amyweavmg~n wPwýZ K‡i Amyweavmg~n mgvav‡bi Dcvq LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| mKj `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv wb‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì AwfÁZv I gZvgZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv KiæbÑ

K. wkÿv_©x‡ì ¯Íi wfwËK Ae¯’v‡bi wbw`©ó mgq Abymv‡i AMÖMwZ (wcwQ‡q cov `‡ji AMÖMwZi wba©vwiZ mgq Z_v jÿ¨ wba©viY)

L. cÖwZw`‡bi wba©vwiZ mgq I KvR m¤cv`b|

154


M. wkÿv_©x‡K mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wkÿ‡Ki wkÿv_©xi KvR gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb, wkÿv_©xi cvwÿK g~j¨vqb Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ ˆ`wbK DcKiY I wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K n¨vÛ AvDU (mnvqK Z_¨: 2.2.1 wkï wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb Pvwn`vi wfbœZv) mieivn Kiæb Ges cÖ`Ë wb‡`©kbv AbymiY K‡i wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQ‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|


g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wbgœiƒc cÖkœ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ y wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i cvV `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Abym„Z wbq‡gi GKwU myweav I GKwU Amyweav ejyb

y wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i cvV `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Abym„Z wbqg cvj‡bi cÖavb cÖavb Amyweav Kxfv‡e `~i Kiv hvq?

155

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18Awa‡ekb 3

we`¨vj‡qi Abykxj‡bi †ÿ‡Î cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv I cvwÿK g~j¨vqb †KŠkj

g~jfve: †kÖwYK‡ÿi cÖwZwU wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †kÖwYi cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x †Kvb ¯Í‡i Av‡Q Zv Avgiv wba©viY K‡i wfbœ wfbœ ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cvwÿK cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kivi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| wWwcGW wkÿv_©xMY we`¨vj‡q Abykx‡bi †ÿ‡Î cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvi I cvwÿK g~j¨vqb †KŠkj Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb G Awa‡ek‡b †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡eb|


1. cÖ¯ÍvweZ cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvi we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

2. 15 w`‡bi Rb¨ GKwU cvwÿK cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

3. cvwÿK cwiKíbvq wb‡`©wkZ wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wkÿv_©x‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU `‡ji Rb¨ wba©vwiZ g~j¨vqb Uzjm ˆZix I eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

mgq: 3 N›Uv|

c×wZ I †KŠkj: cÖ‡kœvËi, †QvU `j, cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv

mnvqK mvgMÖx: evsjv cvVëB (cÖ_g-cÂg †kªwYi), †cv÷vi †ccvi, mvBb †cb, Z_¨cÎ


KvR- 1 : cvwÿK cwiKíbvi we‡eP¨ welq I cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi mgq: 1 N›Uv 10 wgwbU|

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb kyiy Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ejyb, Avgiv Gi Av‡M wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wkÿv_©x‡ì wewfbœ wel‡q wba©vwiZ ˆ`wbK 40 wgwbU mgq‡K Kxfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡Z n‡e †m m¤ú‡K© Av‡Mi cÖwkÿY †_‡K †R‡bwQ| GLb Avgiv wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ GKwU m¦í‡gqvw` cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡ev, 15 w`‡bi GKwU cwiKíbv|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wR‡Ám Kiæb cvV cwiKíbvi Kivi AwfÁZv KviI Av‡Q Kxbv hw` AwfÁZv _v‡K Z‡e cÖkœ Kiæb, GKwU cvV cwiKíbvq Kx Kx welqe¯‘ _v‡K| A_©vr cÖkœ Kiæb, GKwU cvV cwiKíbv Kivi mgq †Kvb †Kvb welq‡K we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z nq? K‡qKR‡bi DËi ïbyb| AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi DËi †kvbvi ci Avcwb †hvM Kiyb cvV cwiKíbv Kivi mgq Avgv‡ì †h welqMy‡jv we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e Zv n‡jv-

» †gvU Kvh©wèm

» mÍiwfwËK wkÿv_©x‡ì `j msL¨v I `‡ji m`m¨ msL¨v

» mÍi Abyhvqx welq wbe©vPb

156


Â mÍiwfwËK wkÿv_©x‡ì `j msL¨v I `‡ji m`m¨ msL¨v Abyhvqx Zv‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wel‡qi Rb¨ DcKiY wbev©PbGB cwiKíbvq wb‡`©kbv _vK‡e, Kxfv‡e cov‡bv n‡e, cov‡bvi Rb¨ wK wK jvM‡e, Ges wkÿv_©x wK wkL‡e I wK KvR Ki‡e BZ¨vw`| ejyb, †h‡nZz †kÖwY‡Z wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wkÿv_©x Av‡Q, †m‡nZz G‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wkLb‡K wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨B GB cwiKíbvwU _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb Avcbv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB cvV cwiKíbv Kivi AwfÁZv Av‡Q|

Â cÖ¯ÍvweZ cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvi bgybv QKwU †ev‡W© Uvwb‡q w`b I e¨vL¨v Kiæb|


we`¨vj‡qi bvg:

welq: †kÖwY:

mgqKvj: --------- †_‡K ----------

wkÿv_©x‡ì bvg I cvVMZ Ae¯’vb

Kx wkL‡eKxfv‡e wkLv‡bv n‡e ev Dc¯’vcb


`j- 1

`j- 2

`j- 3

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K 5wU `‡j fvM K‡i `‡j †cv÷vi †ccvi I gvK©vi w`b| cÖ‡qvRbxq cvV¨cy¯ÍK mieivn Kiæb `‡j e‡m Zviv †h KvR¸‡jv Ki‡e Zv eywS‡q w`b| †hgbÑ

» cvVëB †_‡K wkÿv_©xi wewfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i wkLb †k‡Lv‡bv KvR wPwýZ Ki‡e|

» wkÿv_©x‡ì cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi wfbœZv Abyhvqx GKwU cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡e| ˆZwiK„Z cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbvwU cÖ`k©b Ki‡eb|

KvR- 2: cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv Abyhvqx wfbœ wfbœ `‡j wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ g~j¨vqb †ÿÎ wPwýZKiY, di‡gU I Uzjm& ˆZwi mgq: 1 N›Uv 10 wgwbU|

Â AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K ejyb MZ Awa‡ek‡b cÖwZ †kÖwY‡Z wfbœ `jMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ Kxfv‡e cvwÿK cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Abykxjb K‡i‡Qb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`b †h GB cvwÿK cwiKíbvi 12/13 w`b wkÿK †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb Ges †kl 2/3 w`b wkÿv_©x g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb, Gevi Avgiv wkï‡ì wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’vb Rvbvi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡ì g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿÎ wPwýZKiY, di‡gU I Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Uzjm ˆZwi I Zv Kxfv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie| AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K cÖkœ Kiæb, evsjv wel‡qi †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î g~j¨vqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Zuv‡ì gZvgZ ïbyb| wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb ¯Íi Abyhvqx Zv‡ì g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿÎ wPwýZ n‡e| †hgb- cÖ_g †kÖwY ev cÖ_g †kÖwY mggv‡bi wkÿv_©x‡ì kã, eY©, evbvb †KŠkj I 1 wgwb‡U wiwWs Gi mvejxjZv Ges wØZxq, Z…Zxq I PZz_© †kÖwYi wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡ì mggv‡bi cvV ev cvV¨vs‡k Abyaveb Ki‡Z

we`¨vj‡qi Abykxj‡bi †ÿ‡Î cvwÿK cvV cwiKíbv I cvwÿK g~j¨vqb †KŠkj

157

cv‡i wKbv Zv wewfbœ Abykxjb †hgb-kãv_©, evK¨ iPbv, wgjKiY, cvV mswkøó cÖkœ DËi I m„Rbkxj cÖkœ DË‡ii gva¨‡g hvPvB Kiv n‡e| GQvovI Zv‡ì wiwWs Gi mvejxjZvi gvÎv hvPvB Kiv nq|

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb, †eBm jvBb g~j¨vq‡bi ci Avcbviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wkÿv_©x‡ì wfbœ wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i GKwU K‡i cvwÿK cwiKíbv ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb, Ges GB cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Avcwb 15 w`‡bi K¬vm cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb, GLb GB cwiKíbvi Dci wfwË K‡iB Avcwb GKwU g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv Ki‡eb, Zv‡ì wkLb AMÖMwZ Rvbvi Rb¨| †h‡nZz Avcbvi cvwÿK cwiKíbvq wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’v‡bi wkÿv_©x i‡q‡Q, †m‡nZz G‡ì g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ Uzjm eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ¯‘ywZ wnmv‡e cÖ_‡gB g~j¨vqb di‡g‡U cÖ‡qvRbxq Uzjm ˆZwi I msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi c~‡e©i `jMZfv‡e P‚ovšÍ cvwÿK cwiKíbvi K_v ¯§iY Ki‡Z ejyb Ges c~‡e©i `‡j cvwÿK cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K cvwÿK g~j¨vqb di‡gU I Uzjm ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb| `‡j bgybv g~j¨vqb di‡gU Uzjm (wcwUAvB wkÿv_©x wb‡`©wkKv eB‡qi 111- c„ôvq cÖ`Ë 2.8.2 cvwÿK cwiKíbvi Ici g~j¨vqb n‡Z) mieivn Kiæb| di‡gU I Uzjm ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ 20 wgwbU mgq w`b| cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Kiæb| 2/1 wU `‡ji g~j¨vqb di‡gU I Uzjm cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z ejyb|

KvR-3 : g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv cÖ`k©b I †QvU `‡j Abykxjb 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb, Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z nq Zv K‡i †`Lv‡eb| c~‡e© wj‡L ivLv Ôg~j¨vqb cÖwµqviÕ †cv÷viwU AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Uvwb‡q w`b I c‡o †kvbvb|

†cv÷vi :

g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv

Â cov †kl n‡j AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv Av‡jvPbv K‡i eywS‡q w`b| †cv÷vi †ccv‡i †jLv g~j¨vqb QKwU †ev‡W© Uvwb‡q w`b Ges mevB‡K LvZvq QKwU Gu‡K wb‡Z ejyb| Gici GKwU ‡ji g~j¨vqb K‡i Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i, Kxfv‡e Zv msiwÿZ Ki‡Z n‡e Zv †`wL‡q w`b|

Â `‡j g~j¨vq‡bi wb‡Pi bgybv QKwU mieivn Kiæb|

cvwÿK cwiKíbvi Ici g~j¨vqb

AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K `‡j e‡m Zviv †h cvwÿK cwiKíbv K‡iwQj, Zvi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Uzjm ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb| g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY ˆZwi ev †RvMvo Ki‡Z ejyb Ges `‡j Abykxjb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â `‡ji KvR †kl n‡j mevB‡K eo ‡j wdwi‡q Avbyb Ges jxq KvR Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| jxq Kv‡R Kv‡iv †Kvb wKQz †hvM Kivi Av‡Q wKbv wR‡Ám Kiæb, cvwÿK g~j¨vqb wb‡q Kv‡iv †Kvb wKQz wRÁvmv Av‡Q wKbv ejyb| mevB‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|



y cvwÿK g~j¨vqb Kivi myweav Kx

y cvwÿK cwiKíbv Ges cvwÿK g~j¨vq‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Kx?

158

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18Awa‡ekb 4

welq Ávb m¤ú‡K© Dcjwä Ges cvV`vb †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ m¤úK©

g~jfve: †hvM¨ I ÿ wkÿ‡Ki welqÁvb I wkÿY weÁvb welqÁvb _vKv Acwinvh©| wWwcGW †Kv‡m©I wkÿv_©x‡ì welqÁvb (Subject knowledge)I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb (Pedagogical Knowledge) Dcjwäi GKwU kw³kvjx wfwË cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v i‡q‡Q| welqÁvb mvaviYfv‡e H welqwUi wewfbœ w`K Dcjwä Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges wkÿY weÁvb H welqwU wb‡q Kxfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv, Kx Kx cÖwµqv I †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡e Zv Dcjwä Ki‡Z G Awa‡ekb mnvqZv Ki‡e|


1. wWwcGW Gi 5wU wel‡q welqÁvb AšÍfy©³ nIqvi †hŠw³KZv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î welqÁv‡bi mvgwMÖK f~wgKv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

2. welqÁv‡b AšÍfy©³ welq¸‡jv we‡kølY K‡i †kªwY‡Z wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi mv‡_ Gi m¤úK© Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡e|



mnvqK mvgMÖx: †cv÷vi †ccvi, †evW©, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv


KvR- 1: wWwcGW Gi 5wU wel‡q welqÁvb AšÍf©y³ nIqvi †hŠw³KZv I f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv mgq: 40 wgwbU


Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì 6wU `‡j wef³ Kiæb| wWwcGW Gi †h 5wU wel‡q welq Ávb AšÍfz©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq) G¸‡jvi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU wel‡q †hgb evsjv Z_¨ cy¯ÍK †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨KwU `j‡K †h †Kv‡bv 4wU welq wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖwZwU `j DwjøwLZ welq¸wji fvee¯‘, mvwnZ¨ g~j¨, fvlvi êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ wjL‡eb| Gfv‡e Bs‡iwR wel‡qi fvlvi 4wU `ÿZv, MwYZ wel‡q msL¨vi aviYv, MwY‡Zi 4 wbqg, cwigvc, fMœvs‡ki aviYv, weÁv‡bi wewfbœ cÖwµqv `ÿZv (ch©‡eÿY, †kªwYKiY, cixÿY, AbygvbKiY, e¨vL¨v I wm×všÍ MÖnY BZ¨vw`)

Â D³ 6wU `j‡K cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kªwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY Kiæb|

Â c~‡e© `jxqfv‡e cÖ`Ë welq Abymv‡i cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq Gi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU welq) cvV¨ cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘i mv‡_ wgj wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR †k‡l `ywU `j‡K Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z w`‡q ejyb †h cªv_wgK ch©v‡q †h mKj welqe¯‘ i‡q‡Q Zvi Dcíwa Kivi †ÿ‡Î mswkøU e„nËi avibv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb we‡lk K‡i wkÿK†ì †ÿ‡Î G welqwU A_¨v© D‡jøwÿwZ Mfxi I we¯Í„Z avibv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb Giæc avibv _vK‡jB †Kej GKRb wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡ì welqwU Dcjwäi Rb¨ wewfbœ KvR Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKib wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

welq Ávb m¤ú‡K© Dcjwä Ges cvV`vb †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ m¤úK©

159

Awa‡ekb 4

KvR -2 wWwcGW Gi 5wU wel‡q welqÁv‡bi mv‡_ cÖ_wgK ch©v‡qi cvV¨ cy¯Í‡Ki m¤úK© wbY©q 45 wgwbU

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì 6wU `‡j wef³ Kiæb| wWwcGW Gi †h 5wU wel‡q welq Ávb AšÍfz©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq) G¸‡jvi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU wel‡q GKwU cvV cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb (†hgb evsjv wel‡q †h‡Kvb 3q A_ev 4_© †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki GKwU KweZv A_ev 1g A_ev 2q †kÖwYi cvV¨ cy¯Í‡Ki †_‡K msLv m¤úwK©Z †h‡Kvb GKwU mgm¨v) D³ cvV Abymv‡i wWwcGW Gi mswkøó Z_¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqÁvb Ask †_‡K GKB iKg welq wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb

Â welqwU e¨vL¨v K‡i ejyb †h, welqÁvb mvaviYfv‡e H welqwUi wewfbœ w`K Dcjwä Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †hgb-evsjv wel‡q AšÍfy©³ welqÁv‡b i‡q‡Q wkï‡Zvl Mí, evsjv mvwn‡Zï D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Qov, KweZv, †QvU Mí, bvUK I cÖeÜ| GKB fv‡e cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi evsjv wel‡q AšÍfy©³ n‡q‡Q Qov, KweZv, Mí, Rxebx cÖeÜ I bvwUKv| welqÁvb m¤ú‡K© Dcjwä wkÿK‡K cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi AšÍfy©³ KweZv, bvwUKv, †QvU Mí, Qov BZ¨vw` h_vh_ fv‡e Dcjwä Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| wVK GKB fv‡e Bs‡iwR wel‡qI evsjv wel‡qi g‡Zv welqe¯‘ i‡q‡Q| MwYZ wel‡q msL¨vi aviYv, MwY‡Zi Pvi wbqg, cwigvc, fMœvs‡ki aviYv, weÁvb wel‡q cwi‡ek, Rxe I Roe¯‘, B‡Kvwm‡÷g, evqyi Aw¯ÍZ¡, cvwb Pµ, m~h© I †mŠi RMr, AvenvIqv I Rjevqy, kw³ BZ¨vw` welq wWwcGW Gi welq Ávb Ges cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qI AšÍfz©³ i‡q‡Q|

Â welqÁvb †_‡K AvnwiZ Ávb I `ÿZv eënvi K‡i wkÿv_©x Zuvi wkÿK Rxe‡b evsjv/Bs‡iwR/MwYZ/weÁvb/evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq welqwU cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl K…wZZ¡ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| 3 wgwb‡U Avcbvi e³e¨ †kl K‡i evsjv/Bs‡iwR/MwYZ/weÁvb/evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq cvV¨ cy¯Í‡Ki †h †Kvb GKwU welqe¯‘ wb‡q| wWwcGW Gi welqÁv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK© wel‡q 10 wU w`K wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb | jxq KvR †k‡l Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb | GRb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K 3 wgwbU mgq w`b|

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì cÖkœ Kiæb: cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q evsjv/Bs‡iwR/MwYZ/weÁvb/evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq wel‡q wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ wK wK cÖwµqv Aej¤^b Kiv nq? G mKj cÖwµqvq evsjv/Bs‡iwR/MwYZ/weÁvb/evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq Z_¨ cy¯Í‡Ki welqÁv‡b AšÍfy©³ welq ¸‡jv Kxfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i? cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì DË‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i GKwU g¨vBÛ g¨vwcs Kiæb| AZtci G‡K G‡K cvV-cwiKíbv cÖYqb, wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv, DcKiY eënvi wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

g~j¨vqb mgq : 5 wgwbUg~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wbgœiƒc cÖkœ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ

y wWwcGW Gi 5wU we`¨vjq m¤úwK©Z wel‡q welqÁvb AšÍf©y³ Kivi GKwU †hŠw³KZv ej‡Z ejyb |

y MwYZ wel‡q welqÁvb Gi mv‡_ cÖv_wgK chv©‡qi cvV¨ cy¯Í‡Ki wel‡qi mv‡_ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb |

160

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19Awa‡ekb 1

wkLbweÁvb m¤úwK©Z Dcjwä Ges wkÿv`vb †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ m¤úK©

g~jfve: †hvM¨ I ÿ wkÿ‡Ki welqÁvb I wkÿY weÁvb welqÁvb _vKv Acwinvh©| wWwcGW †Kv‡m©I wkÿv_©x‡ì welqÁvb (Subject knowledge) I wkÿYweÁvb welqK Ávb (Pedagogical Knowledge) Dcjwäi GKwU kw³kvjx wfwË cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v i‡q‡Q| welqÁvb mvaviYfv‡e H welqwUi wewfbœ w`K Dcjwä Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges wkÿY weÁvb H welqwU wb‡q Kxfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv, Kx Kx cÖwµqv I †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡e Zv Dcjwä Ki‡Z G Awa‡ekb mnvqZv Ki‡e|


1. wWwcGW Gi 5wU wel‡qi wkÿYweÁv‡bi mvgwMÖK f~wgKv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges wkÿYweÁv‡bi AšÍfy©³ welq¸‡jv cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxjb Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. wkÿYweÁv‡bi AšÍfy©³ welq¸‡jv h_v: cvV cwiKíbv, mgq eë¯’vcbv, †kªwY eë¯’vcbv mwµq wkLb ZË¡ Abymv‡i †kªwY cwiPvjbv h_vh_fv‡e DcKi‡Yi eënvi, g~j¨vqb BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv Dcjwä K‡i wWwcGW bxwZgvjvi mv‡_ Gi m¤úK© Ges wWwcGW bxwZgvjv ev¯Íevqb m¤ú‡K© aviYv cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|



mnvqK mvgMÖx: †cv÷vi †ccvi, †evW©, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv


KvR- 1: ¯ÍiwfwËK gK K¬vm cÖ`k©b mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì mv‡_ Kzkj I ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiæb

Â PZz_© †kªwYi (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq) welq †_‡K ¯ÍiwfwËK GKwU cvV cÖ`k©b Kiæb | 3 fv‡Mi 2 fvM cÖwkÿYv_©x PZz_© †kªwYi wkÿv_©xi f~wgKvq KvR Ki‡eb Ges 3 fv‡Mi 1 fvM cÖwkÿvYv_©x †kªwY‡Z cvV`vb ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb| cÖ`k©b cvVwUi mgq n‡e 30 wgwbU| cvV †k‡l ch©‡eÿK‡ì Zuv‡ì †PK wj÷ Abymv‡i cvV ch©‡eÿY cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| 3 wgwbU Av‡jvPbv Kiæb Ges wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri cÖ‡Z¨KwU w`K †ev‡W© wjLyb Ges cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì ejyb G welq¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU wb‡q wfbœ wfbœfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR- 2: wkÿYweÁv‡bi AšÍfy©³ welq¸‡jvi mv‡_ wWwcGW bxwZgvjvi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Kiv mgq: 45 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 6wU `‡j wef³ Kiæb cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wkÿYweÁvb (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq) †h †Kv‡bv eB †_‡K 3wU Aa¨v‡qi welqe¯‘ ms‡ÿ‡c wjL‡Z ejyb| Gevi c~‡e©i cÖ`Ë cvVwU Ges wkÿYweÁv‡bi cÖ`Ë Aa¨vq¸wji welqe¯‘i mv‡_ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

wkLbweÁvb m¤úwK©Z Dcjwä Ges wkÿv`vb †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ m¤úK©

161

Awa‡ekb 1

Â evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq Gi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU wel‡qi wkÿYweÁvb m¤ú‡K© 3 wgwb‡Ui mswÿß e³e¨ ivLyb| ejyb †h, wWwcGW bxwZgvjv Abymv‡i †h‡Kv‡bv wel‡q A_ev †h‡Kv‡bv †kªwY‡Z cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î †h bxwZgvjv AbymiY Kiv nq Zvi êwkó¨ n‡jv:

» cÖwZwU wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡eb|

» cÖwZwU wkïi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ GKvKx, †Rvovq, eo `‡j, †QvU `‡j, wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ A_ev mncvVx‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, K‡_vcK_b, Awfbq BZ¨vw` KvR Kiv‡eb|

» wkÿ‡Ki c‡ÿ †h‡nZz cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi cÖwZwU cv‡V mnvqZv Kiv m¤¢e bq myZivs cÖwZwU wkï wkÿv_©xi Rb¨ mswkøó DcKiY mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb evsjvi †ÿ‡Î (DcKiY¸‡jv n‡Z cv‡i Wv÷vi, eY© KvW©, kã KvW©, evK¨ KvW©, k~b¨¯’vb c~iY, wgjKiY cÖf„wZ cÖkœcÎ|) GQvov †mmg‡q welqe¯‘ Abymv‡i wkÿv_©x‡K Qwe AuvK‡Z ejv †h‡Z cv‡i Qwei welqe¯‘ ï‡b wkÿK Zuvi LvZvq wj‡L w`‡eb wkÿv_©x Zv Kwc Ki‡eb A_ev cvV¨cy¯ÍK †_‡K †jLv evK¨ wkÿv_©x Kwc Ki‡e| Avevi Ab¨ `‡j kãv_©, cÖ‡kœvËi, kã †_‡K evK¨ ˆZwi BZ¨vw` KvR †Ìqv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ‡qvRb n‡j †Kvb `j‡K m„wókxj †jLv h_v: Mí †jLv, †Kvb AwfÁZv m¤ú‡K© †jLv, †Kvb Rvbv wel‡q †jLv, K‡_vcK_b †jLv Qwe G‡K Zvi eY©bv †Ìqv BZ¨vw` KvR cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cwi‡k‡l cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Abykxjb m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b Ges ejyb †h wkÿYweÁv‡bi welq¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e we`¨vjq Abykxjb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi wkÿK gvb AR©b wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e n‡e|


y wWwcGW Gi 5wU we`¨vjq m¤úwK©Z wel‡q wkÿYweÁvb AšÍf©y³ Kivi GKwU †hŠw³KZv ej‡Z ejyb |

y wkÿYweÁv‡bi AšÍfy©³ wel‡qi mv‡_ wkÿKgvb AR©b Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z ?

162

w`b

19Awa‡ekb 2

gy³ wkLb I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb Ges wcwUAvB I we`¨vj‡q Zv cÖ‡qv‡Mi †KŠkjg~jfve : gy³ wkL‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv wkÿv_©x‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkLb jv‡fi my‡hvM †Ìqv| Z‡e ¯^vaxbfv‡e †kLvi †ÿ‡ÎI wkÿK, mncvVx A_ev Ab¨ Kv‡iv mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| mncvVx, evev-gv, wkÿK Ges Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³i mvnv‡h¨ wkÿv_©x Zvi wkL‡b cwic~Y©Zv wb‡q Avm‡e| GRb¨ wkÿK‡K Ae¨kB Kxfv‡e wkÿv_©x©‡K ¯^vaxbfv‡e †kLvi my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e Zv Rvb‡Z n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K mKj ch©v‡qi wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b mn‡hvwMZv Acwinvh©| wkÿv_©xi cÖ‡qvRbxq GB mn‡hvwMZv wkÿK wUDUwiqvj `j, †Rvov ev mncvVx `j A_v©r hviv mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z mÿg Zviv wewfbœ KvR †hgbÑ`‡j KvR Kiv, Av‡jvPvbvq AskMÖnY, mvÿvrKvi MÖnY BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G Awa‡ek‡b gy³ wkLb I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi w`Kmg~n wcwUAvB I we`¨vj‡q Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq Zvi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|


1. gy³ wkLb Ges mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †KŠkj cwic~Y©fv‡e Dcjwä K‡i wcwUAvB †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g Zv eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

2. cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_©x‡ì †kªwY Kvh©µg Abykxj‡bi †ÿ‡Î mdjfv‡e cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿÎ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|



mnvqK mvgMÖx : n¨vÊAvDU, †cv÷vi †ccvi, †evW©, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv


KvR- 1: gy³ wkLb Ges mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvbv mgq: 50 wgwbU


Â †ev‡W© wjLyb: Ògy³ wkLbÓ Òmn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLbÓ Òmwµq wkLbÓ| D³ 3wU welq m¤ú‡K© mK‡ji gZvgZ ïbyb| Ògy³ wkLbÓ I Òmn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡biÓ Av‡jv‡K G †mkbwU cwiPvjbv Kiæb| cÖ_‡g gy³ wkLb m¤úwK©Z n¨vÊ AvDUwU (mnvqK Z_¨: 19.2 gy³ wkLb Kx?) D‡jøL¨ †h wkï wkÿv_©xi †ÿ‡Î gy³ wkLb ej‡Z cÖavbZ †evSvq GKvKx Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkLb, wkï wkÿv_©x‡K GKvKx wPšÍv Ki‡Z †`qv, GKvKx †Kvb mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z †`qv Ges Qov/Mí †jLv/Qwe AuvKv BZ¨vw` ai‡bi m„wókxj KvR †evSvq) cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K c‡o wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †bvU LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb Ges GRb¨ 10 wgwbU mgq w`b|

cÖkœ: gy³fv‡e wkL‡bi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡ì‡K Kxfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb ?

gy³fv‡e wkL‡bi cÖwµqv Kx nIqv DwPZ ?

» gy³fv‡e wkL‡bi myweav¸‡jv Kx Kx ?

gy³ wkLb I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb Ges wcwUAvB I we`¨vj‡q Zv cÖ‡qv‡Mi †KŠkj

163

Awa‡ekb 2

10 wgwbU ci GKBfv‡e mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb m¤úwK©Z Z_¨cÎ (mnvqK Z_¨: 3.2.2 mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb wK ?) mKj‡K w`b Ges cÖ‡Z¨K‡K c‡o wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †bvU LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb|

cÖkœ: 1. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi Rb¨ wkÿv_©x‡ì‡K Kxfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb ?

2. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi cÖwµqv Kx nIqv DwPZ ?

3. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi myweav¸‡jv Kx Kx ?

» G ch©v‡q `ywU n¨vÛ AvDU cov †kl n‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 6wU `‡j fvM Kiæb| ˆØePq‡bi wfwË‡Z 3wU `j‡K gy³ wkL‡bi Dci Ges 3wU `j‡K mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi cÖ`Ë n¨vÊ AvDU `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i, cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb|

» `jxq KvR Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| mKj `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †k‡l gy³ wkLb Ges mn‡hvwMZv wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î c~e© Ávb hvPvB Kxfv‡e Ki‡eb †hgbb -cÖkœ K‡i, c~e© cv‡Vi Dci Qwe A_ev †Kvb mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z w`‡q, cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKK †Rvovq ev `jxq Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g †Kvb welq ev mgm¨v ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z w`‡q bZzb Z_¨ ms‡hvRb Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ g~j¨vqb Ges djveZ©b gva¨‡g gy³ wkLb I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb‡K ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq Zv ejyb|

KvR- 2: gy³ wkLb Ges mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi aviYv Dcjwä K‡i †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿÎ wPwýZ Kiv mgq 35 wgwbU

Â G ch©v‡q cÖ_g 2 `‡j cÖ_g, wØZxq 2 `‡j wØZxq, Z…Zxq 2 `‡j Z…Zxq †kªwYi †h †Kvb cvV wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb| D³ cv‡V GKvKx Ges `jxq KvR wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| GKvKx I `jxq Kv‡Ri †hŠw³KZv wba©viY K‡i Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â 1wU Bs‡iwR wel‡qi Dci Video Lesson cÖ`k©b Kiæb| cÖ`k©b Kivi c~‡e© D³ Lesson wb‡q 3 wgwbU Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

Â Video Lesson cÖ`k©b Kivi ci wb‡gœi cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiæb:

» DwjøwLZ cvV wK gy³ wkLb (A_vr GKvKx Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkLb) I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †KŠkj eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q ?

» gy³ wkLb I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi Kx Kx †KŠkj G cv‡V eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q ?

Â me †k‡l †kªwYK‡ÿ gy³ wkLb I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi †KŠkj I ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|


y gy³fv‡e wkL‡bi cÖwµqv Kx nIqv DwPZ ?

y cÖ_wgK we`¨vj‡q gy³ wkL‡bi PP©v †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ?

y mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡b wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv Kx ?

164

w`b

19Awa‡ekb 3

wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi êwkó¨ Ges cvV`vb †KŠk‡ji Dci Gi cÖfve|

g~jfve: wkïi wewfbœgyLx weKvk‡K mnvqZv †`qvi Rb¨ wkïi Pvwn`v, AvMÖn, cÖeYZv, iæwP, mvg_©¨ BZ¨vw`‡K me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi †h †KŠkj Zv‡K cvV`v‡bi wkï‡Kw›`ª&ªK c×wZ ejv nq| wkLb- †kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji gva¨‡g wkï wkÿv_©x‡ì wPšÍv I m„Rbx kw³i weKv‡ki Rb¨ wkï‡Kw›`ªªK c×wZi weKí †bB| G Awa‡ek‡b wkï‡Kw›`ªªK wkL‡bi êwkó¨ Ges cvV `v‡bi †KŠk‡ji Dci Gi cÖfve wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

wkLbdj: G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY:

1. wkï‡Kw›`ªªK wkL‡bi êwkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. wkï‡Kw›`ªK cvV †Kb wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkï‡Kw›`ªK bq Ggb cv‡Vi †P‡q DËg Zv Dcjwä K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi cÖavb cÖavb w`K¸‡jv Dcjwä K‡i wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R Zvi cÖwZdjb †`wL‡q cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|



mnvqK mvgMÖx : n¨vÊAvDU, †cv÷vi †ccvi, †evW©, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv


KvR- 1: wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv| mgq: 30 wgwbU


Â wkÿv_©x wn‡m‡e GKwU wkï Ges GKRb wkÿ‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤úK© †evSv‡Z bx‡Pi evK¨wU †ev‡W© Uvwb‡q w`b Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K GKRb wkÿK wn‡m‡e wZwb wkï‡K wK g‡b K‡ib? Zvi m¤ú‡K© wK fv‡eb?- Zv wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡Z ejyb| †hgb wkï wK k~b¨ Kjm? wkï wK k~b¨ Møvm bvwK wkï GKwU Dw™¢‡ì exR Ggb K‡i fv‡eb wKbv ? welqwU wb‡q GKKfv‡e wPšÍv K‡i †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb| wbe©vwPZ K‡qKwU †Rvov †_‡K Zv‡ì aviYv ïbyb|

ÒGKRb wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q GKwU wkï n‡jv.......Ó

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ †KD wK wkï‡ì‡K k~b¨ Kjm g‡b K‡ib wKbv Zv wR‡Ám Kiæb| Ae¨kB †KD GUv ej‡e bv| †Kb Zviv wkï‡ì‡K k~b¨ Kjm g‡b K‡ib bv A_©vr wkïiv wKQz Rv‡b bv Zv g‡b K‡ib bv Zv ej‡Z ejyb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖwZwµqv ïbyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb †h, mKj wkïB wkL‡bi Av‡MB H welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© wKQz Ávb, AwfÁZv Ges Z_¨ wb‡q †kÖwYK‡ÿ Av‡m,ÑÑhv Zvi Rxe‡bi m‡½ Nwbô| AviI ejyb †h, wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, mKj wkïB cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Avmvi c~‡e©B Zvi cwi‡ek †_‡K wKQz bv wKQz wk‡L Av‡m|

wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi êwkó¨ Ges cvV`vb †KŠk‡ji Dci Gi cÖfve|

165

Awa‡ekb 3

Â G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mKj‡K evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi GKRb wkï mKv‡j we`¨vj‡q Avm‡Q Zv Kíbv Ki‡Z ejyb| H wkï we`¨vj‡q Avmvi c‡_ A‡bK wKQz †`‡L, A‡bK wKQz †kv‡b we`¨vj‡q Avmvi c‡_ GB †QvÆ åg‡Y A‡bK AwfÁZv AR©b K‡i| †hgb-H †g‡qwUi bvg hw` nq bvwmgv Ges bvwmgv †Kej gvÎ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡q‡Q| cÖwZw`b we`¨vj‡q Avmvi Av‡M †m Lye †fv‡i Nyg †_‡K I‡V........... wUDeI‡qj †_‡K cvwb †bq ......... ùvZ eªvk K‡i ...........Ges GK ch©v‡q †m ¯‹z‡j †cuŠ‡Q| Zvn‡j cÖkœ n‡”Q bvwmgv wK ai‡bi Ávb wb‡q we`¨vj‡q Av‡m ?

Â c~‡e©B wewfbœ Kv‡W© †jLv kã ¸‡jv n‡Z (cwievi, evwo, MÖvg, cwi‡ek, K…wlKvR, we`¨vjq, Av‡eM, eÜz, Aemi mgq) cÖ‡hvR¨ Ges mswkøó KvW© wn‡m‡e GKwU KvW© †`Lvb Ges ejyb †h, GmKj wel‡q Ávb Ges Dcjwä wb‡q bvwmgv cÖwZw`b we`¨vj‡q Av‡m| wewfbœ `j‡K GKwU K‡i KvW© w`b Ges H Kv‡W© wjwLZ wel‡q bvwmgv m¤¢ve¨ wK wK Ávb wb‡q Av‡m Zv c~iY Ki‡Z ejyb| GRb¨ 5 wgwbU mgq w`b|

Â mKj `j‡K Zv‡ì wjwLZ KvW© mvg‡bi †ev‡W© jvMv‡Z ejyb Ges co‡Z ejyb| mKj `‡ji cov †kl n‡j cÖkœ Kiæb-bvwmgv wK k~b¨ Kjm ? bvwK †m GKUv ex‡Ri gZ-hv‡K A‡bK hZœ, cwiPh©v, cwi‡ek w`‡j †m A‡bK wKQz wkL‡Z cvi‡e| wkÿ‡Ki f~wgKv n‡”Q K…l‡Ki g‡Zv MvQ‡K †e‡o DV‡Z mnvqZv Kiv| G‡ÿ‡Î mevi D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb †h,

Â Òwkÿv_©x †Kw›`ªK wkLb n‡”Q Ggb GKwU wkÿv`vb cÖwµqv †hLv‡b GKwU wkï we`¨vj‡q cov‡kvbv ïiæ Kivi Av‡M I we`¨vj‡q cov‡kvbv ïiæ Kivi ci cÖwZw`b ¯‹z‡ji Avmvi c‡_ †m hv B‡Zvg‡a¨ Rv‡b Ges †ev‡S Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i cwiPvwjZ nq|Ó

Â mKj‡K ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv `ywU †QvU cvV †`Le| G cvVwU Z…Zxq †kÖwYi Bs‡iwR eB‡qi “Parts of the Body” n‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q| g~jZ G cvVwU wkï‡K bZzb bZzb kã †kLv‡bvi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q iwPZ| mKj‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x wn‡m‡e f~wgKv Awfb‡qi Rb¨ ejyb Ges Av‡MB `yRb‡K Z_¨cÎ 3.3.1-Gi Av‡jv‡K cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb A_ev wb‡RB cvV w`b| cÖ_g cvVwU 15 wgwb‡Ui Ges wØZxq cvVwU 20 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ wb‡`©kbv †gvZv‡eK †kl Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ_g cvVwU wkÿv_©x †Kw›`ªK bq Ges wØZxq cvVwU wkÿv_©x‡Kw›`ªK Zv c~‡e©B ejvi ìKvi †bB|

KvR- 2: wkÿv_©x‡Kw›`ªK I wkÿv_©x‡Kw›`ªK bq Ggb cvV wK Zv Rvbv| mgq: 55 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K Zv‡ì ch©‡ewÿZ 2wU cv‡Vi g‡a¨ †KvbwU‡K †ewk fvj †j‡M‡Q Zv ej‡Z ejyb ? Aek¨B mK‡jB ej‡e wØZxqwU|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K mnvqK Z_¨ 19.3 QKwU w`b Ges `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i `ywU cv‡Vi cv_©K¨m~PK êwkó¨¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv K‡i Q‡K wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â `jxq Av‡jvPbv Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Lyb| `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 10 wgwbU cÖ`vb Kiæb|

Â `jxq KvR †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡Z Zv‡ì KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â mKj ‡ji Dc ’vcb †k‡l cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv Zz‡j aiæb| †hgb: wkÿv_©x‡ì AskMÖnY, wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡b wkÿv_©x‡K gb I kixi‡K m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z nq, Qwe AuvKv, Mvb MvIqv, †Quvqv, †Kvb wKQz †`Lv‡bv, wkÿ‡Ki g~j¨vqb †Kgb wQj BZ¨vw`|

Â mnvqK Z_¨ 19.3 n‡Z wkï‡Kw›`ªK I wkï‡Kw›`ªK bq Ggb cv‡Vi cv_©K¨¸‡jv Zz‡j aiæb|

166


Â G ch©v‡q mKj‡K wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi msÁv ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKwU msÁv ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji GKRb‡K wbR wbR †Uwe‡j _vK‡Z ejyb| evwK m`m¨‡ì Ab¨ `‡ji msÁv †`L‡Z ejyb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖkœ Kiæb|

Â mKj‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß Uvbyb|



y wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi cÖavb `ywU êwkó ejyb |

y wkï‡Kw› ªK wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿ‡Ki f‚wgKv wKiæc nIqv DwPZ ?

167

w`b

19Awa‡ekb 4

cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv DcKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ I êwkó¨

g~jfve: wkÿv_©x‡ì †h †Kv‡bv wel‡q cvV msµvšÍ aviYv ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g wewfbœ ai‡Yi DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq| H mKj DcKiY eënvi Ki‡j cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ wkÿv_©x‡ì Kv‡Q mnR K‡i Zz‡j aiv hvq| ZvQvov cvV‡K AvKl©Yxq Kiv, wkÿv_©x‡ì g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kiv Ges cv‡V wkÿv_©x‡ì‡K mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY Kiv‡bv Ges wkLb‡K ¯’vqx Kivi Rb¨ DcKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| eZ©gv‡b wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’v‡bi w_Dwi Abyhvqx wkLb Pvwn`v c~i‡Y wewfbœ wkLb †KŠk‡ji cvkvcvwk wkÿv DcKiYI e¨cK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| G Awa‡ek‡b wkÿv DcKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ I êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K aviYv †Ìqv n‡e|


1. welqe¯‘ Abyhvqx wba©vwiZ cv‡Vi DcKiY wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

2. wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv DcKiYmn mswkøó DcKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|





KvR- 1: cv‡Vi welqe¯‘i m‡½ wgj †i‡L DcKiY wPwýZ Kiv mgq: 45 wgwbU


Â †ev‡W© ÔwkÿY DcKiYÕ kãwU wjLyb Ges cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì aviYv ïbyb|

Â Gevi D`vniY ¯iƒc Z„Zxq †kªwYi Avgvi evsjv eB Gi 42 c„ôvq GKvB GKwU `yM© MíwU `‡j co‡Z w`b| cÖkœ Kiæb wkÿv_©x‡ì Kv‡Q †Kvb †Kvb kã m¤ú~Y© AcwiwPZ n‡Z cv‡i| (ïaygvÎ A_© e‡j, e¨vL¨v K‡i GB kã¸‡jvi m¤ú~Y© A_© Kx Abyaveb Kiv m¤¢e| Zvn‡j Kxfv‡e G MíwUi welqe¯‘ Abyave‡b mnvqZv Kiv hv‡e| †hgb Ô`yM©Õ kãwUi Qwe †`Lv‡j wkÿv_©x wKQzUv aviYv cv‡e Ges G M‡í `yM© kãwUi cÖZxKx A_© e¨vL¨v Ki‡j Zviv MíwUi gg© eyS‡Z cvi‡e| wKš‘ Qwe w`‡q Kx †gwkbMvb Gi mwZ¨Kvi A_© ev f~wgKv Avgiv †evSv‡Z cvie|) ejyb †h Giƒc †ek wKQz †ÿ‡Î wkÿK hw` mswkøó wfwWI A_©vr †Kvb hy×‡ÿ‡Îi wfwWI/dz‡UR †kªwYK‡ÿ eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvn‡jB wkÿv_©xiv †gv¯Ídv Kvgv‡ji exiZ¡ m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡e| cÖkœ Kiæb: wfwWI †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e bv n‡j Avi Kx weKí Dcv‡q welqwU cÖ`k©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i ?

G ch©v‡q cÖkœ Kiæb: wkï wkÿv_©x‡ì †ÿ‡Î DcKiY eënv‡ii we‡klZ¡ ¸‡jv Kx Kx (wkÿv_©x‡ì eqm, Dcjwä I AvMÖn m„wó nq Giƒc DcKiY eënvi)

168


» AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 5wU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ_g cÖ_g-cÂg †kªwYi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU cvV¨cy¯ÍK (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq) w`b| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i cvV¨cy¯ÍK †_‡K welqe¯‘i ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i welqe¯‘i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY wPwýZ K‡i wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Ki‡Z ejyb|

welqe¯‘ DcKiY DcKi‡Yi êwkó¨

» `jxq KvR †kl n‡j Zv Dc ’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb †k‡l Avi Kx Kx DcKiY eënvi Ki‡j welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vc‡b, aviYv MV‡b, Ges wkLbdj AR©‡b mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i †m m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z ejyb|

KvR- 2: wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv DcKi‡Yi iæZ¡ Dcjwä K‡i Zv e vL v Kiv| mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ ¸‡jv wR‡Ám Kiæb:

» DcKiY Qvov cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡j Kx n‡Z cv‡i ?

» DcKiY Qvov cvV`vb Ki‡j wkLbdj AR©‡b Kx cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i ?

» cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡jvPbvq welqe¯‘ Abyave‡b DcKiY Kxfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i Zv Dcjwä Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|

Â DcKi‡Yi eënvi Avi Kx Kx †ÿ‡Î Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv cÖkœ K‡i GKwU Qwe †`Lvb| ejyb †h wkÿv_©x‡ì G Qwei mvnv‡h¨ Qwe‡Z Kx Kx Av‡Q, †K Kx Ki‡Q Zv wjL‡Z A_ev †Rvovq G‡K G‡K Aci‡K ej‡Z w`‡Z cvwi| Gfv‡e Qwe, k~b¨¯’vb c~iY, wgjKiY, wUKwPý †`qv BZ¨vwì mv‡_ wkÿv_©x‡K GKvKx KvR w`‡j wkÿ‡Ki cÖZ¨ÿ mvnvh¨ QvovB Zviv Zv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Gi c‡i `yR‡bi/wZbR‡bi Kiv KvR wgwj‡q †`‡L wkÿK c‡o †`‡L wdWe¨vK w`‡j wkÿ‡Ki c‡ÿ †kªwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq mK‡ji KvR g~j¨vqb Kiv m¤¢e nq| GQvov Gi gva¨‡g gy³ wkLb Ges mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡b wkÿv_©xiv Af¨¯Í n‡q DV‡e|

DcKiY eënv‡ii ¸iæZ¡:

» cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ wkÿv_©x‡ì Kv‡Q mnR K‡i Zy‡j aiv|

» cvV‡K AvKl©Yxq Kiv|

» wkÿv_©x‡ì g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Kiv|

» mK‡ji `„wó GKwU wel‡qi w`‡K wbeÜ Kiv|

» wkÿv_©x‡ì cv‡V mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY Kivb|

» wkLb `xN©¯’vqx Kiv|

cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv DcKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ I êwkó¨

169

Â cÖkœ Kiæb: DcKi‡Yi eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î wkÿ‡Ki mgm¨v ¸‡jv Kx Kx| Kxfv‡e cÖwZwU wkÿK †hb DcKiY eënv‡i Af¨¯Í n‡q D‡Vb Zv wbwðZ Kiv hvq ?

Â G Awa‡ekb †_‡K jä Ávb †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡e †m m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì gZvgZ e¨³ Ki‡Z w`‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Kiæb|


DcKiY eënvi K‡i cvV `vb Ki‡j wkL‡b Kx cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i Avi DcKiY Qvov cvV `vb Ki‡j wkL‡b Kx cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i|

170

w`b

20Awa‡ekb 1

wWwcGW Gi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i Z…Zxq †kªwYi GKwU cvV Dc¯’vcb

g~jfve: wWwcGW Gi bxwZ Abyhvqx †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’v‡bi wkÿv_©x Av‡Q| GB wfbœ wfbœ wkLb Pvwn`vi wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b cvV¨ welqe¯‘ AvqËKiY, wkÿY cÖwµqvKiY, Ávb wewbg©v‡Y ¯^Zš¿ †kÖwY eë¯’vcbv cÖ‡qvRb nq| GKB †kÖwYK‡ÿ wfbœ wfbœ †gav Í‡ii wkÿv_©x _vKvq Zv‡ì Rb¨ wkLb Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi ^Zš¿ wkLb †KŠkj I wkÿv DcKiY cÖ‡qvRb nq| G Awa‡ek‡b wWwcGW Gi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i Kxfv‡e cvV Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq †m m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvixMY aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


1. wWwcGW Gi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i ¯ÍiwfwËK wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. mgq I wkLb eë¯’vcbvi mwVK cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi †kªwY Kÿ eë¯’vcbvi cÖ‡qvRb Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|





KvR- 1: f~wgKv Av‡jvPbv mgq: 15 wgwbU


Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K wWwcGW Gi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xi wfbœ wfbœ wkLb Pvwn`v Kxfv‡e c~iY Kiv hvq †m m¤ú‡K© c~‡e©i cÖwkÿY¸‡jv‡Z Zuviv aviYv jvf K‡i‡Qb| mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb †h, AvR‡Ki GB Awa‡ek‡bI ¯Íi wfwËK wkL‡bi bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i wkÿ‡Ki GKwU cvV Dc¯’vcb ch©‡eÿYc~e©K cv‡Vi ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K cÖkœ Kiæb Z…Zxq †kªwY‡Z evsjv wel‡q KweZv cv‡V wkÿv_©x‡ì mswkøó †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b †Kvb welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© wkÿK‡K m‡PZb _vK‡Z nq ? (KweZvi Q›`, Zvj/jq, kãv_©, fvev_©)|

Â wVK GKB fv‡e evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq welq n‡Z †Kv‡bv cvV wb‡q mswkøó cv‡V wkÿv_©xiv Kx Kx †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡e †m m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e Zv ejyb|

Â AZtci Z…Zxq †kªwYi †h †Kv‡bv KweZv †hgb ZvjMvQ KweZvi cÖ_g 12wU PiY Dc¯’vcb Kiæb| wkÿv_©x‡ì ga¨ †_‡K 6 Rb‡K ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z ejyb| evwK mevB‡K wkÿv_©xi f~wgKvq _vK‡Z ejyb| (¯ÍiwfwËK wkL‡bi bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i wkÿK cvV w`‡eb)| G‡ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi ˆ`wbK cvV cwiKíbv AbymiY K‡i cvV w`‡eb|

wWwcGW Gi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i Z…Zxq †kªwYi GKwU cvV Dc¯’vcb

171

Awa‡ekb 1

KvR- 2: gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv mgq: 45 wgwbU

1. mg‡eZ

1.1 Kzkj / Lei wewbgq I bvg WvKv

» mevi mv‡_ Kzkj wewbgq Kiæb| K‡qKRb wkÿv_©x (Kgc‡ÿ 2 Rb) Lei wRÁvmv Kiæb, Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì bvg WvKzb|

» 1.2 Mí ejv / KweZv Ave„wË A_ev eY© w`‡q kã / Kvi wPý w`‡q kã/ hy³eY© †f‡½ †`Lv‡bv / hy³eY© w`‡q kã ˆZwi :

» Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z †h‡nZz cÖ_g †kÖwYi gv‡bi wkÿv_©x Av‡Q, H wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ eY© ÔmÕ cwiwPZ Kiv‡eb| ÔmÕ w`‡q kã ej‡Z ejyb| kã¸‡jv †ev‡W© wj‡L †mLvb †_‡K ÔmÕ eY© cwiPq Kivb| ÔmÕ Gi mv‡_ v-Kvi, w-Kvi w`‡j Kx nq Zv †`Lvb|

1.3. †ev‡W©i KvR I wb‡`©kbv (3 ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨)

» wkL‡bi 3 ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©xiv †h KvR Ki‡e Zvi wb‡`©kbv †ev‡W© wj‡L w`b|

» Avgvi AuvKv Avgvi †jLv‡Z ÕwcÖq d‡jiÕ Qwe Gu‡K wjL‡Z ejyb|

» ¯ÍiwfwËK wkÿv_©x‡ì KvR eywS‡q w`b|

» 1 bs `j Z„Zxq †kªwYi evsjv cvVëB‡qi wbw`©ó Mí †_‡K cÖkœ ˆZwi Ki‡e Ges DËi wjL‡e|

» 2 bs `j Z„Zxq †kÖwYi evsjv cvVëB‡qi wbw`©ó KweZvi cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡e|

» 3 bs `j k‡ãi d¬vm KvW© w`‡q †Lj‡e Ges kãMy‡jv LvZvq wjL‡e|

» A‡a©K wkÿv_©x‡K Av‡M m„Rbkxj †jLv Ges evwK A‡a©K‡K Av‡M ¯ÍiwfwËK KvR Ki‡Z ejyb Ges 15 wgwbU c‡i KvR cwieZ©b Ki‡Z wb‡`©kbv w`b|

2. wgkÖ `‡j / eÜz`‡j wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq / wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov KvR : (30 wgwbU)

2.1 1 wgwbU wiwWs : (15 wgwbU)

» 1 wgwbU K‡i 15 wgwb‡U 10-15 Rb wkÿv_©xi wiwWs ïb‡eb / Av½yj a‡i co‡eb|

2.2 m„Rbkxj †jLv :

» wkÿv_©xiv m„Rbkxj †jLvi KvR Ki‡e|

2.3 †QvU `‡j KvR : (wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq)

» `j 1 †K cvVëB‡qi wbw`©ó cvV GKwU Ask wiwWs covb Ges hy³ eY©My‡jv Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z ejyb;

» `j 2 †K wiwWs †Mg Kivb;

1.4. GKK / `jxq KvR (wkÿ‡Ki mvnvh¨ Qvov)

» †h mKj wkÿv_©x‡ì KvR †kl n‡q †M‡Q, Zv‡ì Kb©v‡i ivLv eB wb‡q co‡Z ejyb|mg‡eZ KvR AskMÖnYKvix‡ì abëv` w`‡q AvR‡Ki K¬vm †kl Kiæb|

172


KvR-3 : wmgy‡jkb K¬vm ch©v‡jvPbv 30 wgwbU

Â 40 wgwb‡Ui K¬vm cwiPvjbvi ci AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q wbR wbR RvqMvq em‡Z ejyb| ejyb c~‡e© gK K¬v‡m Avcbviv †`‡L‡Qb wkÿK Kx Kx KvR K‡ib Ges Kx †KŠk‡j KvR K‡ib| AvR‡Ki gK K¬v‡m Avcbviv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb wkÿK I wkÿv_©xiv Kx Kx KvR K‡i‡Qb Ges KZ mgq a‡i KvR K‡i‡Qb| Avcwb †ev‡W© ev wd¬cPv‡U© wb‡Pi QKwU AuvKzb| cÖkœ Kiæb, evsjv wel‡q cvV`v‡bi wewfbœ Kv‡R wkÿK I wkÿv_©xiv KZUzKz mgq e¨q K‡i‡Qb?

KvR wkÿ‡Ki mgq wkÿv_©xi mgq

Â K‡qKR‡bi DËi ky‡b, Q‡K Kv‡Ri N‡i KvR¸‡jvi eY©bv wjLyb Ges cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri cvkvcvwk wjLyb GiRb¨ wkÿK I wkÿv_©x‡ì e¨q Kiv mg‡qi cwigvY| †jLv †k‡l Av‡Mi Awa‡ek‡b †`qv cÖ¯ÍvweZ mgq wefvR‡bi mv‡_ wgj Kiyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb ˆ`wbK cv‡Vi mgq wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q, Gfv‡eÑ

1) cÖ_g 10 wgwbU wkÿK Ges wkÿv_©x mg‡eZfv‡e e¨q Ki‡e| GLv‡b wkÿK w`b Abyhvqx wbw`©ó KvR Ki‡eb Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì cieZ©x Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv †`‡eb|

2) K. cieZ©x 30 wgwbU wkÿK `yB ai‡bi KvR Ki‡eb| cÖ_g 15 wgwbU wZwb 10/15 Rb wkÿv_©xi

GKK wiwWs ïb‡eb 1 wgwbU K‡i (Av½yj w`‡q a‡i) Ges †iKW© LvZvq wjL‡eb|

L. cieZ©x 15 wgwbU wkÿK `yBwU `j‡K (6/9) R‡bi 7.30 wgwbU K‡i Zv‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ cvV †`‡eb|

• Aciw`‡K mg‡eZ K¬v‡mi ci wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡ì mgq e¨q Ki‡e Gfv‡e K) ÔAvgvi AuvKv Avgvi †jLvÕ 15 wgwbU|

L) wkÿK mnvqZv Qvov ¯Íi wfwËK Abykxjb KvR 15 wgwbU (†h wkÿv_©xiv wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ †QvU `‡j KvR Ki‡e Zviv GB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cv‡e 7.30 wgwbU)|

M) wkÿv_©xiv Zv‡ì KvR †kl K‡i evowZ mg‡q eyK Kb©vi †_‡K eB wb‡q c‡o‡Q|

173

w`b

20Awa‡ekb 2

cvV`vb †KŠkj, wkÿv DcKiY, welqÁvb Ges wkÿvµ‡gi mv‡_ wkÿKgvb/ †hvM¨Zvi m¤úK© g~jfve: GKRb †hvM¨ I `ÿ wkÿ‡Ki cÖ_gZ wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ aviYv _vKv ìKvi Ges Gi mv‡_ m¤úK© †i‡L welqÁvb, cvV`vb †KŠkj, cÖ‡qvRbxq wkÿv DcKi‡Yi †h m¤úK© Av‡Q ZvI Rvbv ìKvi| wkÿvµg, welqÁvb,cvV`vb †KŠkj Ges DcKi‡Yi m‡½ wkÿKgv‡bi GKwU m¤úK© Av‡Q| GB m¤ú‡K©i wewfbœ w`K Dcjwä Ki‡Z A_©vr wkÿvµ‡gi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L welqe¯‘ Ges H welqe¯‘ wb‡q Kxfv‡e wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv, Kx Kx cÖwµqv I †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡eb, Kx Kx wkÿv DcKiY eënvi Ki‡eb Ges Gi m‡½ m¤ú„³ wkÿKgv‡bi welqwU Dcjwä Ki‡Z G Awa‡ekb mnvqZv Ki‡e|


1. wWwcGW Gi 5wU wel‡q wkÿvµg, welqe¯‘, cvV`vb †KŠkj DcKiY Ges wkÿKgv‡bi m¤úK© Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡e|



mnvqK mvgMÖx: cvV¨cy¯ÍK, we¯Í…Z wkÿvµg I wkÿKgvb (wWwcGW Gi), P88 †cv÷vi †ccvi, †evW©, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv


KvR- 1: wWwcGW Gi †h †Kv‡bv 1wU wel‡q welqe¯‘, welqÁvb, cvV`vb †KŠkj Ges wkLbd‡ji m¤úK© wPwýZ Kiv mgq: 40 wgwbU


Â evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq Gi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU wel‡qi GKwU welqe¯‘i wk‡ivbvg †ev‡W© wjLyb|

Â welqwUi Dci †kÖwYK‡ÿ cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ GKRb wkÿ‡Ki Kx cÖ¯‘wZ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wRÁvmv Kiæb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì DËi †ev‡W© wjLyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 5wU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges 5wU `‡j cÖ_g †_‡K cÂg †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK mienvi Kiæb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|

welqe¯‘ welqÁvb cvV`vb †KŠkj wkÿv_©x‡ì AR©b

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Av‡jvPbvq DØy× K‡i Dc¯’vwcZ Kv‡R bZzb aviYv ms‡hvRb Kiæb|

174


KvR- 2: cvV`vb †KŠkj, wkÿv DcKiY, welqÁvb Ges wkÿvµ‡gi mv‡_ wkÿKgv‡bi m¤úK© Rvbv mgq: 45 wgwbU

Â Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiæb †h, MwYZ wel‡q Kvh©Ki fv‡e cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ GKRb wkÿ‡Ki Kx Kx welq we‡ePb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb ? (GKB fv‡e evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq) cÖkœwU †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKR‡bi LvZvq †bvU wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K †Rvov †_‡K DËi wb‡q †ev‡W© wjLyb Ges Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© mKj‡K GKgZ n‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4-6 R‡bi `‡j fvM Kiæb| `‡j †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, cvV¨cy¯ÍK, we¯Í…Z wkÿvµg I wkÿKgvb (wWwcGW Gi) mieivn Kiæb|

Â wb‡¤œi QKwU gvwëwgwWqvq Dc¯’vcb K‡i Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g QKwU eyS‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|

wkLbdj welqe¯‘ cvV`vb †KŠkj DcKiY wkÿKgvb/†hvM¨Zv

Â we¯Í…Z wkÿvµg †_‡K †h †Kv‡bv GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi wkLbdj eënvi K‡i Ges Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g QKwU c~iY Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|

Â G ch©v‡q D‡jøL Kiæb †h wkÿK gvb ev †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ Z_v wkLbdj mivmwi m¤úwK©Z| wkÿK gvb AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿ‡Ki †hgb welqÁvb GeO wkÿYweÁvb m¤úwK©Z Ávb †hgb Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb wVK †Zgwb wkÿvµg wkKb †kKv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv †KŠkj Ges wkky wkÿv_©xi Ávb weKv‡ki avc m¤ú‡K©I mg¨K Dcjwä cÖ‡qvRb| Dc‡iwjøwLZ Dcövcb †_‡K Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU wel‡qi m¤úK© cªwkÿYv_©x‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv I cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g Dcjwä Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji KvR ch©vqµ‡g mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges †hŠw³K Av‡jvPbvq DØy× K‡i cvV`vb †KŠkj, wkÿvDcKiY, welqÁvb Ges wkÿvµ‡gi mv‡_ wkÿKgv‡bi m¤úK© eyS‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|


y wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© avibv _vKv †Kb cÖ‡qvRb ?

y wkï wkÿv_©xi ÁvbweKv‡ki avc ej‡Z wK eySvq ?

175

w`b

20Awa‡ekb 3

wkÿKgvb m¤ú‡K© Bb÷ªv±i‡ì aviYv Ges ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj

g~jfve: wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z wkÿv_©x‡ì AwR©Ze¨ gvb wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zviv wcwUAvB‡Z 20 mßvnKvjxb mg‡q 7wU †Kvm©I Aa¨qb Ki‡e| cÖwZwU gv‡b (Standard) cÖ`Ë Ávb, Abykxjb Ges g~‡j¨‡eva †Wv‡gB‡b cÖ`Ë †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwZwU †Kv‡m©i g~j¨gvb Abymv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K wba©vwiZ cvm b¤î †c‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b GKwU welq D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±iMY cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K Ggbfv‡e PvwjZ Ki‡eb Ges mnvqZv †`‡eb, hv‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wba©vwiZ †hvM¨Zv Ges welqwfwËKfv‡e cvm b¤î cvq| GRb¨ wkÿKgvb Ges Gi ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Bb÷ªv±i‡ì cwi®‹vi aviYv _vKv ìKvi| G Awa‡ekb †_‡K Bb÷ªv±iMY G m¤ú‡K© mnvqZv jvf Ki‡eb|


1. wkÿKgvb welqwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

2. wkÿKgv‡bi wewfbœ w`K wPwýZ K‡i Zv cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb


c×wZ I †KŠkj: wmgy‡jkb,ch©‡eÿY, cÖ‡kœvËi, mg‡eZ Av‡jvPbv I †QvU `jxq KvR

mnvqK mvgMÖx: cvV¨cy¯ÍK, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi


KvR-1: wkÿK gvb m¤ú‡K© Bb÷ªv±i‡ì aviYv Rvbv mgq: 25 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi mv‡_ Kzkj wewbgq K‡i Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi wbKU Rvb‡Z Pvb-†ckvMZ wkÿv jv‡fi Rb¨ wkÿ‡Ki Kx ai‡bi Ávb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb? DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| m¤¢ve¨ DËi-

» wkÿvµg m¤ú‡K© Ávb

» welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© Ávb

» cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb m¤ú‡K© Ávb

» c×wZ I †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Ávb

» DcKiY m¤ú‡K© Ávb

» wkÿv_©x m¤ú‡K© Ávb

» g~j¨vqb †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Ávb

176


Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi wbKU Rvb‡Z Pvb-wkÿK G mg¯Í Ávb wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb? DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| m¤¢ve¨ DËi-

» cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡eb Ges †m Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb

» wkÿv_©x‡ì cviMZvi ¯Íi Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb

» mKj wkïi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|

» wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg Ggbfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb hv‡Z mKj wkÿv_©x wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|

» wkÿv_©x‡ì cviMZv hvPvB Ki‡eb|

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi wbKU Rvb‡Z Pvb-wkÿv_©xMY G Ávb wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb? DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb| m¤¢ve¨ DËi-

» †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR¸‡jv‡Z mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡ib|

» wkÿv_©x‡ì Kv‡R Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges cÖksmv K‡ib|

» cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©xii e¨w³MZ Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© mRvM †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki mv‡_ BwZevPK m¤úK© iv‡Lb|

» cvV cwiKíbv ev wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g mnKg©x‡ì civgk© MÖnY K‡ib|

» mgm¨vc~Y© wkïi wkLb mgm¨v mgvavb

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi †Ìqv DË‡ii m~Î a‡i ejyb-wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †ckvMZ Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e, †m Ávb wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi Rb¨ BwZevPK g~j¨‡eva Z_v „wófw½i m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| GKRb wkÿ‡Ki †ckvMZ `ÿZv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ DwjøwLZ ¸YM‡jv _vKv Acwinvh©|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K wkÿKgvb Ges wkÿK †hvM¨Zv welqK Z_¨cÎ mieivn K‡i Zv co‡Z ejyb| †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv cv‡ki R‡bi m‡½ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

KvR-2: wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi †KŠkj mgq: 45 wgwbU

Â wWwcGW †d«g IqvK© †_‡K Ávb, Abykxjb/cÖ‡qvM Ges g~j¨‡eva m¤úwK©Z †Wv‡gB‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU †_‡K GKwU gvb (Standard), †hvM¨Zv Ges m~PK cÖ`k©b Kiæb| ejyb †h, cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_©x‡K Giƒc cÖ‡Z¨KwU †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| †m †ÿ‡Î wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i, cÖwkÿY we`¨vjq Ges wkÿv_©xi KiYxq Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| D‡jøL¨ †h, ÷¨vÛvW© wcwUAvB‡Z †Kvm© cÖwkÿY, we`¨vj‡q `ywU ch©v‡q AwR©Z AwfÁZvi wfwË‡Z Kiv n‡e| cÖwZwU †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ †ÿÎ _vK‡Z cv‡i| Avevi GKwU †ÿ‡Î †hgb †h‡Kvb †kªwY cvVbvq GKvwaK †hvM¨ZvI AwR©Z n‡Z cv‡i|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì QqwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Ávb, Abykxjb/cÖ‡qvM Ges g~j¨‡eva †_‡K GKwU ÷¨vÛvW©, Competency, Indicator w`‡q Zv g~j¨vqb Kivi cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â †cøbvwi‡Z cwiKíbv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| Dc¯’vcb †k‡l mvi ms‡ÿc Kivi Rb¨ wb‡¤œi avc gvwëwgwWqvq cÖ`k©b Kiæb|

wkÿKgvb m¤ú‡K© Bb÷ªv±i‡ì aviYv Ges ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj

177

Â wkÿKgvb g~j¨vq‡bi avcmg~n:

» cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq I PZy_© Uv‡g©i gvb/‡hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi aib/‰ewkó¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|

» cvV ch©‡eÿb, †PKwj÷mn Ab¨vb¨ QK wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|

» wkÿv_©x KZ„©K wkÿKgvb/‡hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi GKwU cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ges Bb÷ªv±i‡K cÖ`vb|

» Bb÷ªv±i D³ cwiKíbv Abymv‡i Zv gwbUi Ki‡eb|

» cÖwkÿY we`¨vj‡q Mg‡bi cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB wkÿK gvb/‡hvM¨Zv I cvV ch©‡eÿY †PK wj÷ Ges mnKvix wkÿK Ges cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

» †kÖwY ch©‡eÿ‡Yi mgq I ZvwiL wba©viY|

Â Bb÷ªv±i

Â cÖavb wkÿK (cvwÿKfv‡e 1wU †kÖwY cv‡Vi Dci gšÍe¨ wjL‡eb)|

Â mnKvix wkÿK (mßv‡n 1wU †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb)|

» 1wU ev 2wU gvb AwR©Z n‡j Zvi cÖgvY msMÖn K‡i †cvU©dwjI‡Z msiÿY [cÖgvY- cvV cwiKíbv, DcKiY, mswkøó wkÿ‡Ki †kÖwY ch©‡eÿY †PKwj‡÷ c~iYK…Z QK, cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki c~iYK…Z QK Bb÷ªv±‡ii gšÍe¨mn c~iYK…Z QK]

» gvb AR©‡bi welqwU wb‡q mswkøó wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ges cÖgvYmn ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †MÖW cÖ`vb|

» Gfv‡e cÖwZ Uvg© †k‡l AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbv Ges 23wU gvb AR©‡bi †KŠkj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|

» 23wU gvb AR©b I Bb÷ªv±i KZ…©K AwR©Z b¤îmn wcwUAvB mycv‡ii wbKU Rgv cÖ`vb|

KvR-3: †Kvm© I ÷¨vÛvW© g~j¨vq‡bi m¤úK© mgq: 15 wgwbU

Â †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡bi welqwU c~‡e© cÖ`Ë AwfÁZv Abymv‡i e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ w`‡Z ejyb| ejyb †h †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î mvgwóK Ges MvVwbK Dfq w`KwU eënvi Kiv n‡e| mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cixÿv eë¯’v Ges MvVwbK g~j¨vqb Kvjµ‡g mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡b cwiMwYZ nIqvi Rb¨ †cvU©‡dvwjI eënvi Kivi cwiKíbv i‡q‡Q|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †cvU©‡dvwjI, A¨vKkb wimvP© Ges A¨vmvBb‡g›U eënvi Kivi c×wZ, myweav-Amyweav Ges †iKW© ivLvi w`KwU e¨vL¨v Kiæb Ges nv‡Z-Kj‡g cÖ`k©b Kiæb (G Rb¨ c~e© †_‡KB cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z n‡e Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GKvwaK A¨vmvBb‡g›U cÖ`vb Zi‡Z n‡e|)

Â ejyb †h, ÷¨vÛvW© g~j¨vq‡bi welqwU wewfbœ welq g~j¨vq‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| †m Rb¨ Professional Study wel‡qi †Kvm© AvDUjvBb Ges Standard `‡j cÖ`vb K‡i Df‡qi m¤úK© wba©viY Ki‡Z ejyb Ges †m †ÿ‡Î g~j¨vqb Kx n‡Z cv‡i ZvI wba©viY K‡i GKwU Kg©cÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â †cøbvwi‡Z Kg©cÎ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| ms‡hvRb/we‡qvRb K‡i ÷¨vÛvW© Ges †Kvm© g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© aviYv ¯úó Kiæb


y wcwUAvB‡Z †Kvm© g~j¨vq‡b wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±‡ii cÖ¯‘wZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z ejyb

178

w`b

20Awa‡ekb 4

wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY cvV`v‡b wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I †KŠkj ch©v‡jvPbvg~jfve: gy³ wkLb wkL‡bi Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv †h †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©xiv †¯^”Qvq/¯^vaxbfv‡e wkLb jv‡f m‡Pó n‡q| G cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xiv wkÿK wbf©i bv n‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e Áv‡bi e„nËi cwimi †_‡K cÖ‡qvRb gZ Ávb A‡š^l‡Yi †Póv K‡i _v‡K Ges G‡Z wkÿv_©x‡ì wPšÍb ÿgZv e„w× I m„RbkxjZvi weKvk NUv‡bvi my‡hvM nq| Ab¨w`‡K mKj ch©v‡q wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b mn‡hvwMZv Acwinvh©| GKRb wkÿK †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©x‡ì Kx Kx wb‡`©kbv I mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡j gy³ wkLb, mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb I wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkLb wbwðZ nq †m m¤ú‡K© G Awa‡ek‡b mnvqZv jvf Ki‡eb|


1. wkÿv_©x‡ì wK wK wb‡`©kbv I mnvqZv w`‡j wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkLb wbwðZ nq Ggb †ÿÎ I êwkó¨mg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. GKRb wkÿK wn‡m‡e †kÖwYK‡ÿ Kxfv‡e wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkLb ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj: cÖ‡kœvËi, mg‡eZ Av‡jvPbv I †QvU `‡j KvR, Dc¯’vcb BZ¨vw`

DcKiY : cvV¨cy¯ÍK, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, Z_¨cÎ


KvR-1: wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi êwkó¨ I †ÿÎ wPwýZ Kiv mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 6wU `‡j fvM Kiæb|

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì 6wU `‡j fvM K‡i wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkLb †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i Kxfv‡e cvV †`qv hvq Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| ejyb †h, wWwcwGW bxwZgvjv Abymv‡i wkÿK wfbœ wfbœ ¯Íiwewkó wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb wbwðZ Kiv Rb¨ wewfbœ †KŠkj eënvi K‡i _v‡Kb| G †ÿ‡Î wkÿK‡K Avewk¨Kfv‡e g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, evsjv, MwYZ, weÁvb I evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq Gi welqe¯‘ Abymv‡i wfbœ wfbœ wkLb †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb-evsjvq wkï wkÿv_©x‡ì cVb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ GK wgwbU wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ cVb-GKwU †KŠkj wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ MwY‡Z ev weÁv‡b Giƒc †KŠkj Aej¤^‡bi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb bvB| Abyiƒcfv‡e Dc‡ivwjøwLZ cÖ‡Z¨KwU wel‡q wkï wkÿv_©x‡ì Dc‡hvMx wfbœ wfbœ †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbv †KŠkj m¤úwK©Z n¨vÛ AvDUwU ‡j mieivn Kiæb| cÖ_g-Z…Zxq †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖ`vb K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K j‡K GKwU K‡i welqe¯‘ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb| n¨vÛ AvD‡U DwjøwLZ †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i GKwU cvVcwiKíbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K 2 Rb AskMÖnYKvix Ab¨ `‡j hv‡e Ges cvVcwiKíbv †`‡L cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡ì gZvgZ `‡ji mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i ms‡hvRb Ki‡eb| AZtci cÖ‡Z¨KwU `j‡K Zv‡ì cvV cwiKíbv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY cvV`v‡b wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I †KŠkj ch©v‡jvPbv

179

Awa‡ekb 4

Â Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j mKj `j‡K wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi êwkó¨ I †ÿÎ m¤ú‡K© HK¨g‡Z †cuŠQv‡Z mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiæb|

KvR- 2: wkÿK wn‡m‡e †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkï‡Kw› ªK wkLb Kxfv‡e ev Íevqb Ki‡eb Zv Rvbv mgq: - 40 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K c~‡e©i `‡j KvR Ki‡Z ejyb| mKj AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ bx‡Pi cÖkœwU Kiæb Ges wPšÍv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖkœ: ÔGKRb wkÿK wn‡m‡e †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkLb Kxfv‡e ev¯Ívevqb Ki‡eb A_©vr cÖ‡qv‡Mi †KŠkj¸‡jv Kxfv‡e n‡Z cv‡i?Õ

Â †h †Kvb `yBwU `j‡K Zv‡ì cªYxZ cvV cwiKíbv AbymiY K‡i cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ga¨ †_‡K 8 Rb K‡i cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K cvV ch©‡eÿY K‡i wb¤œwjwLZ m~PK AbymiY K‡i Zv‡ì gZvgZ wjwLZ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

cÖkœ:

1. Dc¯’vwcZ cv‡Vi †Kvb †Kvb KvR¸‡jv wkï‡Kw›`ªK?

2. GB KvR¸wji cÖavb cÖavb êwkó¨ Kx?

3. †Kvb †Kvb KvR wkky‡Kw›`ªK bq? †Kb? GB KvR¸‡jv‡K wkï‡Kw›`ªK Kivi Rb¨ Kx Kx †KŠkj Aej¤^b Kiv DwPr wQj?

Â gZvgZ Dc¯’vc‡bi c‡i mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb †h, †Kvb KvR wkï‡Kw›`ªK wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb Kivi †ÿ‡Î cÖ_‡gB wkÿK‡K wPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e IB wkïwU ev wkïiv KvRwU cvi‡e wKbv?

Â wØZxqZ, wkïwU ev wkïiv IB KvR mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ wkÿK ev mncvVx‡ì wbKU †_‡K Kx Kx mnvqZv cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡e?

Â Av‡jvPK Av‡jvPbv †k‡l †cv÷vi †ccv‡i AuvKv GKwU Qwe cÖ`k©b K‡i wkkyi RMr I cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß Uvb‡eb|


y cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwYK‡ÿ gy³ wkL‡bi K‡qKwU †ÿÎ I †KŠk‡ji bvg ej‡Z ejyb|

y cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwYK‡ÿ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi †KŠkj Kx Kx n‡Z cv‡i?

y wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkLb †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

180

w`b

21Awa‡ekb 1

cªv_wgK ch©v‡qi evsjv/Bs‡iwR/MwYZ/weÁvb/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq cvV¨cy Í‡Ki †h †Kv‡bv wel‡qi GKwU Aa¨vq †_‡K cvV Dc ’vcb I ch©v‡jvPbv

g~jfve: wWwcGW Gi bxwZ Abyhvqx †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkL‡bi wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯’v‡bi wkÿv_©x Av‡Q| GB wfbœ wfbœ wkLb Pvwn`vi wkÿv_©x‡ì wkL‡b cvV¨ welqe¯‘ AvqËKiY, wkÿY cÖwµqvKiY, Ávb wewbg©v‡Y ¯^Zš¿ †kÖwY eë¯’vcbv cÖ‡qvRb nq| GKB †kÖwYK‡ÿ wfbœ wfbœ †gav Í‡ii wkÿv_©x _vKvq Zv‡ì Rb¨ wkLb Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi ^Zš¿ wkLb †KŠkj I wkÿv DcKiY cÖ‡qvRb nq| G Awa‡ek‡b wWwcGW Gi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i Kxfv‡e cvV Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq †m m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvixMY aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


1. wWwcGW Gi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i ¯ÍiwfwËK wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. mgq I wkLb eë¯’vcbvi mwVK cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi †kªwY Kÿ eë¯’vcbvi cÖ‡qvRb Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj: Av‡jvPbv, wmgy‡jkb (gK), cÖ‡kœvËi|

mnvqK mvgMÖx: evsjv cvVëB (wØZxq †kÖwYi), cvV mswkøó wkLb †kLv‡bv DcKiY, cvV cwiKíbv


KvR-1 : gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv I ch©‡eÿY Kiv mgq: 55 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi mevB‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb| mevi D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb, MZ Awa‡ek‡b cÖ¯ÍvweZ/ bZyb mgq eë¯’vcbv I †kÖwY cwiPvjbvi †KŠkjmn †h cvV cwiKíbv cÖ¯Íve Ges cwiKíbv wb‡q mswÿß Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, †m Abyhvqx wØZxq †kªwYi evsjv wel‡qi 40 wgwbU mg‡qi GKwU cvV cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb| cvV cwiPvjbvi mgq,AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi wkÿv_©x wn‡m‡e Awfbq Ki‡eb| GB gK KøvmwU‡Z 3 ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x Av‡Q, AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi 3 ¯Í‡i fvM K‡i w`b| AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi g‡a¨ 3 ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ Avcbvi cÖ¯‘ywZ wn‡m‡e DcKiY ¸wQ‡q wbb, Ges wK wK wel‡qi Dci 3 ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb Zvi GKUv mswÿß AvKv‡i cwiKíbv ivLyb| AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi mnvqZvq †kÖwYKÿ web¨vm K‡i wbb| mevB‡K †kªwYK‡ÿ ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q ejyb GLb 40 wgwb‡Ui K¬vm cwiPvjbv ïiæ n‡”Q|

gK K¬vm cwiPvjbv (mnvqK)

Â Gevi Avcwb wØZxq †kÖwYi evsjv cvV`vb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †kÖwYK‡ÿi cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiæb| Avcwb cvVwU fv‡jvfv‡e c‡o cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q ïiæ Kiæb|

cªv_wgK ch©v‡qi evsjv/Bs‡iwR/MwYZ/weÁvb/evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq cvV¨cy Í‡Ki †h †Kv‡bv wel‡qi GKwU Aa¨vq †_‡K cvV Dc ’vcb I ch©v‡jvPbv

181

Awa‡ekb 1

1.1 Kzkj / Lei wewbgq I bvg WvKv

• mevi mv‡_ Kzkj wewbgq Kiæb| K‡qKRb wkÿv_©x (Kgc‡ÿ 2 Rb) Lei wRÁvmv Kiæb Ges wkÿv_©x‡ì bvg WvKzb|

1.2 Mí ejv / KweZv Ave„wË A_ev eY© w`‡q kã / Kvi wPý w`‡q kã/ hy³eY© †f‡½ †`Lv‡bv / hy³eY© w`‡q kã ˆZwi/ cvV¨cy¯ÍK †_‡K Aby‡”Q` cov|

» Mí cov, †hgb,Mí Rjcwi I KvVz‡i 3 wgwb‡U hZUzKz cov hvq|

» KweZv Ave„wË Kiv 3 wgwb‡U hZUzKz cov hvq|

» †ev‡W© †h †Kv‡bv eY© wjLyb (†h me eY© wkÿv_©xiv †P‡b bv) †hgb-eY© ÔeÕ| e w`‡q kã ej‡Z ejyb| wkÿv_©x‡ì ejv kã¸‡jv †ev‡W© wj‡L †mLvb †_‡K ÔeÕ eY© cwiPq Kivb| ÔeÕ Gi mv‡_ v- Kvi, w-Kvi w`‡j Kx nq Zv †ev‡W© wj‡L †`Lvb|

» †ev‡W© hy³eY© †f‡½ †`Lvb I Abykxjb Kiæb ( †h me hy³eY© wkÿv_©xiv †P‡b bv Zv‡ì Rb¨)

» wm‡jevm Abyhvqx DwjøwLZ Kv‡Ri †h †Kv‡bv GKwU Kiæb| wkÿv_©x‡ì Íi Abyhvqx Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb I A¨vKwUwfwU eywS‡q †`qv|

1.3. †ev‡W©i KvR I wb‡`©kbv (3 ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨)

» wkL‡bi 3 ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©xiv †h KvR Ki‡e Zvi wb‡`©kbv †ev‡W© wj‡L w`b|

» m„Rbkxj †jLv Qwe Gu‡K wjL‡Z ejyb|

» ¯ÍiwfwËK wkÿv_©x‡ì A¨vKwUwfwUm eywS‡q w`b|

y `j 1 cvVëB‡qi 25 b¤î c„ôvi 4bs cÖkœi DËi wjL‡e|

y `j 2 cvVëB‡qi 24 b¤î c„ôvi 3bs cÖkœi DËi wjL‡e|

y `j 3ÕeÕ Gi mv‡_ v - Kvi, w -Kvi w`‡q 5wU K‡i kã wjL‡e|

2. wgkÖ `‡j / eÜz`‡j wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZv Qvov KvR / †QvU`‡j wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq KvR

2.1 1 wgwbU wiwWs: (15 wgwbU)

» 1 wgwbU K‡i 15 wgwb‡U 10-15 Rb wkÿv_©xi wiwWs ïb‡eb / Avs¸j a‡i cov‡eb|

2.2 m„Rbkxj †jLv:

» wkÿv_©xiv m„Rbkxj †jLvi KvR Ki‡e|

2.3 †QvU `‡j KvR: (wkÿ‡Ki mnvqZvq)

» `j 1 †K cvVëB‡qi wbw`©ó cvV †_‡K kÖæZwjwc Kivb;

» `j 2 †K cvVëB‡qi wbw`©ó cvV †_‡K hy³ e‡Y©i Abykxjb Kivb;

182


2.4. GKK / `jxq KvR (wkÿ‡Ki mvnvh¨ Qvov)

» wkÿv_©xiv ÍiwfwËK †ev‡W© wb‡`©kbvi KvR Ki‡e| A‡a©K wkÿv_©x Av‡M ÍiwfwËK KvR Ki‡e Avi A‡a©K wkÿv_©x Av‡M m„Rbkxj †jLvi KvR Ki‡e| wkÿK 15 wgwbU wiwWs †k‡l wb‡`©kbv cwieZ©b K‡i †`‡eb|

» †h mKj wkÿv_©xi KvR †kl n‡q †M‡Q, Zv‡ì Kb©v‡i ivLv eB wb‡q co‡Z ejyb|

KvR-2 : gK K¬vm ch©v‡jvPbv 30 wgwbU

Â evsjv cvVwU †kl nevi ci, AskMÖnYKvixMY abëv` Rvwb‡q wbR wbR RvqMvq em‡Z ejyb| Gevi cÖkœ Kiæb, 40 wgwbU mg‡q wØZxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x wnmv‡e Avcbv‡ì †Kgb jvMj? K‡qKR‡bi gZvgZ ïbyb| Gevi cÖkœ Kiæb wkÿK †kªwYK‡ÿ 40 wgwb‡U Kx Kx KvR †Kvb †KŠkj wb‡q K‡i‡Qb? cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K GKwU GKwU K‡i ïbyb Ges Avcwb †ev‡W© ev wd¬cPv‡U© wjLyb| Gfv‡e KvR¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e †jLvi ci †mLvb †_‡K †Kvb †Kvb KvR¸‡jv AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi Kv‡Q bZzb g‡b n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv ïbyb I `vM w`b| Gevi cÖkœ Kiæb cvV`vbKv‡j wkÿ‡Ki wkLb †KŠkj¸‡jv Kx Kx wQj? †hgb-

mg‡eZ

`jxq KvR (¯Íi Abyhvqx)

GKK KvR

Â AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i ejyb, eZ©gvb cvV cwiKíbvi KvRMy‡jvi mv‡_ Av‡iv 2/3wU KvR wKQz wkLb †KŠkjmn †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| AskMÖnYKvixMY‡K wR‡Äm Kiyb bZzb †h †KŠkjMy‡jv cª‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zvi d‡j wfbœ cvVMZ Ae¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z cÖwZwU wkÿv_©xB †h mwµqfv‡e Zvi wb‡Ri wkLb cÖwµqvq e¨¯Í wQj, Zv wK Zviv wPwýZ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb ? †m¸‡jv Kx ?

Â G chv©‡q AskMÖnYKvixMY Avk¼v cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h, Gfv‡e †kÖwY cwiPvjbv Ki‡j k„•Ljv wewNœZ n‡q MÛ‡Mvj nevi m¤¢vebv _vK‡e| Avcwb Zv‡ì G e‡j wbwðZ Kiyb †h cÖ_g K‡qKw`b GiKg n‡jI ax‡i ax‡i wkÿv_©xiv G‡Z Af¨¯Í n‡q c‡i Ges wb‡R †kLvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡RB wb‡q †bq|

g~j¨vqb 5 wgwbU

y cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡gi mv‡_ wcwUAvB‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡gi g~j cv_©K¨ Kx Kx?

y cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY Kvh©µ‡g wkï‡Kw›`ªK wkL‡bi ¸iæZ¡ KZUzKz? D`vniY w`‡q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb|

y DwjøwLZ `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi 2/3 R‡bi wbKU †_‡K ï‡b cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwb Kvh©µ‡gi mvgwMÖK †ewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiæb|

183

w`b

21Awa‡ekb 2

wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY cvV`vb †KŠkj Ges Bb÷ªv±i‡ì cÖ ‘wZg~jK Kvh©µg ch©v‡jvPbv

g~jfve : wWwcGW Gi bxwZ Abyhvqx wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY cvV`vb †KŠkj Ges Bb÷ªv±i‡ì cÖ ‘wZg~jK Kvh©µg m¤úbœiƒ‡c 2wU D‡Ï‡kï Dci wfwË K‡i cwiPvwjZ n‡e| cÖ_gZ Z_¨cy¯Í‡K †h Z_¨ †Ìqv Av‡Q Zv Ges GQvov Ab¨ †hmKj †idv‡iÝ eB, B›Uvi‡b‡U AwZwi³ Z_¨ Av‡Q Zv msMÖn K‡i cov Ges Dcjwä Kiv| wØZxqZ wkÿv_©xiv †h aviYv¸‡jv jvf Ki‡e Zvi h_v_©Zv cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Abywkj‡bi mgq Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e wKbv Zv Dcjwä Kiv| g~jZ GB `ywU welq‡K we‡ePbv K‡i wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY cvV`vb †KŠkj Ges Bb÷ªv±i‡ì cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡e| G Awa‡ek‡b wWwcGW Gi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i Kxfv‡e wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY cvV`vb †KŠkj Ges Bb÷ªv±i‡ì cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡e| †m m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvixMY aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkLbdj : G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY-

1. wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY cvV`vb †KŠkj Ges Bb÷ªv±i‡ì cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kvh©µg wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|


c×wZ I †KŠkj : GKK KvR, `jxq KvR, cÖ‡kœvËi, Dc¯’vcb, †cøbvwi

mnvqK mvgMÖx : †cv÷vi †ccvi, j¨vcUc, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv BZ¨vw`


KvR-1 : wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY cvV`vb †KŠkj Ges Bb÷ªv±i‡ì cÖ ‘wZg~jK Kvh©µg ch©v‡jvPbv mgq-15 wgwbU

Â Kzkj wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wR‡Ám Kiæb †h, ÒwW‡cøvgv Kg©m~wP bxwZgvjv Abymv‡i †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡j Kx Kx cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv cª‡qvRb ?Ó

Â cÖkœwU wb‡q mKj‡K GKKfv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cv‡ki R‡bi mv‡_ Avjvc Ki‡Z ejyb| 2/3 †Rvov n‡Z Zv‡ì e³e¨ ïbyb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 5wU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKRb Bb÷ªv±i wn‡m‡e cvV`v‡bi c~‡e© Kx ai‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z n‡e Ges Kxfv‡e wZwb H cÖ¯‘wZ¸‡jv wb‡eb Zv `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR †kl n‡j GKwU `j‡K Zv‡ì KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| Ab¨ `j ¸‡jv‡K Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv bZzb c‡q›U _vK‡j Zv mshy³ Kivi Rb¨ ej‡Z ejyb| wb‡Pi Z_¨ n‡Z Bb÷ªv±i Kx Kx cÖ¯‘wZg~jK KvR Ki‡eb Ges Kxfv‡e cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡eb Zv cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

184


1| Z_¨cy¯ÍK I Bb÷ªv±i MvBW f‡jvfv‡e co‡Z n‡e|

2| cv‡Vi welqe¯‘i mv‡_ mswkøó †idv‡iÝ eB msMÖn K‡i co‡Z n‡e|

3| B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î Zv eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

4| Dc‡ivwjøwLZ wb‡`©kbv Abymi‡Y GKwU mswÿß cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

5| cÖ¯‘ZK…Z cvV cwiKíbv AbymiY K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Yi ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i Zv msMÖn A_ev cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e|

6| †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_©x‡ì Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e †m welqwUI cvV cwiKívq AšÍfy©³ _vK‡Z n‡e|

7| g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Uzjm cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR- 2 : wWwcGW K¬v‡mi Rb¨ cvVcwiKíbv cÖYqb I cvV Dc¯’vcbv mgq : 1 NÈv 10 wgwbU

Â wWwcGW Gi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU cvV¨cy¯ÍK †hgb evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq n‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU welqe¯‘ wba©viY Ki‡Z ejyb| welqe¯‘wU wWwcGW K¬vm iæ‡g Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx cÖ¯‘wZ †bIqv ìKvi Zvi ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡i †jmbwUi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb|

Â cÖwkÿYv_©‡ì 6wU ‡j fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K j‡K 6 wU wel‡qi (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq Ges †ckvMZ wkÿv) GKwU Z_¨cy¯ÍK cÖ`vb K‡i †h †Kvb GKwU welqe¯‘ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb| DwjøwLZ Awa‡ek‡bi GKwU cvV cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b wb¤œwjwLZ QK AbymiY Ki‡Z ejyb|

1. wkLbdj 2. DcKiY 3. mgq 4. wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri weeiY

5. g~j¨vqb 6.¯ÂbywPšÍb

Â wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î wb¤œwjwLZ †KŠkjmg~‡ni g‡a¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ †KŠkj wbe©vPb K‡i cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kv‡Ri mgq wba©viY K‡i w`b:

- †Rvovq KvR

- †QvU `‡j KvR

- AbywPšÍb

- cÖ‡kœvËi

- Av‡jvPbv

- K‡_vcK_b

- †Km ÷vwW

wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY cvV`vb †KŠkj Ges Bb÷ªv±i‡ì cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kvh©µg ch©v‡jvPbv

185

Â wcwUAvB‡Z †h †Kvb †kÖwb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î wkÿK A_©vr Bb÷ªv±‡ii Ges wkÿv_©xi AskMÖn‡Yi mg‡qi AbycvZ 30:70 nIqv DwPr| Bb÷ªv±‡ii †h †Kvbfv‡eB e³…Zv ev e³e¨ cÖ`vb cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e| GK_v¸‡jv cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`b|

Â `yBwU `j‡K G‡K G‡K 15 wgwb‡Ui GKwU cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| D³ cv‡V DcwiwjøwLZ GK ev GKvwaK †KŠk‡ji cÖ‡qvM _vK‡Z n‡e|

Â cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì ga¨ †_‡K 10 Rb‡K wb¤œwjwLZ m~PK AbymiY K‡i cvV ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Zv‡ì gZvgZ Dc¯’vcb †k‡l Avcbvi gZgZ cÖ`vb K‡i Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß Uvbyb|

- cv‡V Kx Kx KvR/ †KŠkj eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q?

- D³ †KŠkj Kx wkLbdj AR©‡b mnvqK wQj?

- D³ Awa‡ek‡b eëüZ DcKiY wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj Abymv‡i wbe©vwPZ I eëüZ n‡qwQj|


y wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR wbe©vP‡b wkLbd‡ji ¸iæZ¡ Kx? Zv ej‡Z ejyb|

y wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠk‡ji êwkó¨ Kx nIqv DwPr?

Dc‡iv³ `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi 2/3 R‡bi Kv‡Q ï‡b wcwUAvB‡Z †kÖwY Kvh©µg Kxfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv DwPr †m m¤ú‡K© GKwU mvgwMÖK aviYv w`b|

186

w`b

21Awa‡ekb 3

Bb‡Kvm© cixÿv I P~ovšÍ wjwLZ cixÿv ch©v‡jvPbv g~jfve: wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i Kg©m~wP KvVv‡gv Abymv‡i mgMÖ Kg©m~wP‡K 4wU Uv‡g© fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g wZbwU Uv‡g© wcwUAvB wkÿv_©xMY wcwUAvB‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki‡eb| wZbwU Uv‡g© †gvU mgqKvj 36 mßvn| cÖ_g Uv‡g©i †k‡l cÖwZ wel‡q wcwUAvB wkÿv_©xMY GKwU wjwLZ Bb‡Kvm© cixÿvq AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb| Bb‡Kvm© cix¶vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv wk¶v_©x‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki AMÖMwZ hvPvB K‡i mswkøó welq Bb÷ªv±iMY cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©xi Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© cieZ©x KiYxq wba©viY Ki‡eb Ges †m Abymv‡i cieZ©x‡Z cvV`vb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb| ZvQvov PZz_© Uv‡g©i †k‡l wkÿv_©xMY 18 gvm e¨vcx wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i PZz_© Uv‡g©i P~ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ †kl 2 mßv‡ni Rb¨ wba©vwiZ mgq Abymv‡i wcwUAvB G AvMgb K‡ib| G Awa‡ek‡b cÖ_g Uv‡g©i wjwLZ Bb‡Kvm© cixÿv Ges PZz_© Uv‡g©i †k‡l P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb m¤úwK©Z wb‡`©kbvi welqwU Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|


1. cÖ_g Uv‡g©i †k‡l wWwcGW wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ wjwLZ Bb‡Kvm© cixÿvi wb‡`©kbv ch©v‡jvPbvc~e©K Zv e¨vLv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. PZz_© Uv‡g©i †k‡l wWwcGW wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb wb‡`©wkKv ch©v‡jvPbvc~e©K Ges wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e|



mnvqK mvgMÖx : n¨vÛAvDU, †cv÷vi †ccvi, †evW©, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv BZvw`


KvR- 1: cÖ_g Uvg© †k‡l wWwcGW wkÿv_x©‡ì Rb¨ wjwLZ Bb‡Kvm© cixÿvi wb‡`©kbv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv mgq: 45 wgwbU


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------------ What To Do

What I did? (Students briefly explain how they prepared for this assign-ment and the steps they took to complete it)

What did I learn?(Students explain what they have learned by doing this as-signment)

What could I do to im-prove?

(Students look at other pupils’ work before filling this in)

190


Peer assessment is done when children mark/check someone else’s work!!!A group is assessed by another group, or an individual is assessed by another individual or group.

One way to help students internalize the characteristics of quality work is by evaluating the work of their classmates. In peer assessment, students offer useful comments. Hence, they must have a clear understanding of what they are to look for in their peers’ work. The teacher must explain expectations clearly to them before they begin. Marking others work as right or wrong based on an answer key provided by the teacher is not really peer assessment because no helpful feedback is provided.

Pupils need to be well prepared in order to be able to assess each other considerately.

A list of criteria is provided, against which the learner(s) can be assessed. An activity can be individually assessed by several other pupils and therefore one will have a more balanced assessment of a specific activity. If presentations involve all members of a group/ class, peer assessment can be done after each presentation.

In assessing each other, pupils learn from each other and realise how to improve their own performance or achievement. Some advantages of this method are as follows:

Relevant and accurate information about competencies can be obtained. Pupils become familiar with and aware of the criteria. Pupils take responsibility for their own learning. Pupils can show teachers what they think is important.

To help students assess the work of their peers or classmate is to give them a practice session with it. Give students a sample completed assignment. At first, let them use a prepared checklist to guide their assessments. Once students have more experience in doing peer assessment, they can develop the checklists themselves. As a group, students determine what should be assessed and define the criteria for successful completion of the communication task. Students assess the output using the criteria they have developedand determine how to convey feedback clearly to the unnamed student.

For peer assessment to work effectively, the learning environment in the classroom must be supportive. Students must feel comfortable and trust one another in order to provide honest and constructive feedback. Teachers who use group work and peer assessment frequently can help students develop trust by forming them into small groups early in the year and having them work in the same groups for a period.

An example of a peer checklist for a report is provided below. Notice that the checklist asks the peer to comment primarily on the content and organization of the report or story. The peer assessment tool has a space for teacher’s comment. He or she can actually mark the student output based on the learning outcomes BUT not how the peer assessment was done.

Sample Peer Assessment Tool 1 (for Social Studies/Language)


191

A Narrative Checklist (e.g., EID Holiday)

Direction: Read over your classmates story and assess her writing using the criteria in the chart below. Put 1, 2, or 3 stars on each phrase. The more stars, the better the narrative.

Criteria

My classmate……My Assessment

-- has an interesting title to her/his experiences

-- describes correctly what the holiday is all about

-- narrates the story clearly and I enjoyed reading it

-- used adjectives that I could picture as if I was there

-- shared something new I did not know before

Overall Rating (Add all the stars; Based on the criteria the highest score is 15stars)

Teacher’s Comments:

TEACHERS` OBSERVATION

In this method,the teacher watches and records the performance of pupils while they are on task. Through observations, the teacher can assess the learner’s understanding and their progress towards achieving the stated outcomes. It is a direct means for learning about what students do or do not know and can or cannot do. This information makes it possible for the teacher to plan ways to encourage students’ strengths and to work on their weaknesses.Observations may be carried out:

To assess the knowledge and understanding, group interactions and communication skills;

To evaluate the effectiveness of a particular part of a lesson; and To provide a basis for support, guidance and intervention in cooperative group work. Observation is most effective when a systematic plan is followed. This might involve, for

instance, watching and recording which students use concrete materials, which do most of the problems mentally, which use thinking strategies, and which rely on memorized facts. It may be helpful at times to focus on observing one student within the context of a group setting. Some things you can use to make observation easier are presented below (Harlen, 1998).

192


Things to Use

When Observing Students Description

Anecdotal notesShort notes written during a lesson, as students either work in groups or individually, or after a lesson.

Anecdotal notebookA notebook where a teacher records his or her observa-tions. An index on the side, organized by either student name or behaviour, is helpful

Anecdotal note cards

An alternative system to an anecdotal notebook, in which the teacher records observations using one card per child. It is manageable to select five –six children per day for observation. The cards can be kept together using a ring binder.

Labels/Post it (adhesive) notes

Like note cards, the use of these small adhesive notes frees the teacher from having to carry a notebook around the classroom. After the observation is complete, the teacher can stick on the notes into his or her filing system.

TEACHER QUESTIONING

Questions are valuable assessment technique and command a very important place in classroom practice. Good questions are regarded as the key to active involvement of the pupils in the learning process. The learner listens attentively, interacts with the teacher or with other students, and responds.

Good questioning involves good listening and an ability to wait for a response, instead of quickly giving answers. If teachers want pupils to ask and answer questions they must respect their answers and handle wrong answers in a manner that is not destructive.

Questions can be used to find out what pupils know in terms of content knowledge, to think about what is being taught, to express ideas, to recall pre-learned ideas, and to go beyond classroom teaching in search of answers. If pupils are not used to a questioning classroom (passive pupils), they will take time to get used to the change. Good questioning is an art that is developed through practice. The type of question asked will determine the type of response from the pupils. Pupils need to be exposed to a wide variety of questions. Questions can be both written and oral and can be used in many different contexts.


193

Types of Questions and the Level of Cognitive Skills Assessed

Types of Questions What the Question Assesses

Content / KnowledgeTo find out what pupils know. Once this has been established, other questions must be used.

ProcessThis takes the learner beyond information and de-mands greater thinking

Creative thinking Requires the learner to come up with a creative re-sponse.

Problem solving Takes the learner through a series of steps that will eventually result in the solution to a problem.

Synthesis and analysis This involves the learner in deducing or analysing material in order to arrive at a conclusion.

Open- ended; free-response This type of question often has more than one answer, so it requires the learner to justify the response


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Â A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K fve‡Z ejyb| †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i ¸iæZ¡ ej‡Z ejyb| G cÖm‡½ A¨vKkb wimvP© Bb÷ªv±i I wkÿK‡ì Rb¨ Kx myweav cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i ZvI fve‡Z ejyb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K gy³fv‡e Zv‡ì aviYv ej‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb| Gevi evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U †kªwY wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ A¨vKkb wimvP© †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ev †kªwY wkÿK Kxfv‡e DcK…Z n‡Z cv‡ib G wel‡qi Dci we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| Av‡jvPbvq ejyb †h A¨vKkb wimvP© wkÿK‡K

A¨vKkb wimvP© m¤ú‡K© aviYv ch©v‡jvPbv Ges A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯’vcb

197

Awa‡ekb 2

wewfbœ wkÿY †KŠk‡ji `ÿZv weKv‡ki mvnvh¨ Kiæb; A¨vKkb wimvP© wkÿK‡K Zvi eëüZ wkÿY wkLb cÖwµqv Ges Gi cÖfve wb‡q Mfxifv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| d‡j wkÿK mgm¨v¸‡jv wPwýZ K‡i Zv mgvav‡bi `„wófw½ AR©b K‡i|

KvR- 2: A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i †gŠwjK avc AbymiY K‡i A¨vKkb wimvP© cwiPvjbv Kiv| mgq 40 wgwbU

Â cvIqvi c‡q‡›Ui gva¨‡g A¨vKkb wimvP© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi QKwU Dc¯’vcb Kiæb I e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

KvR w`b

cÖ¯‘wZ (Preparation):

we`¨vjq Ges †kªwY K‡ÿi cÖv_wgK Z_¨vewj msMÖn Kiv Ges wkÿv_©xiv †h mKj mgm¨vi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Q Zv wPwýZ Kiv|

M‡elYvi Rb¨ c×wZ I Uzjm& wbe©vPb Kiv (†hgb-AwfÿvcÎ, mvÿvrKvicÎ, cÖkœgvjv, ch©‡eÿY †PKwj÷, †dvKvm MÖæc wWmKvkvb) |

Dc‡iv³ Uzjm& Gi gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv|

msM„nxZ Z_¨ we‡kølY Ges A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i gva¨‡g mgvav‡bi Rb¨ mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv|

Dc‡iv³ mgm¨v mgvavbK‡í cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwi Kiv|

ev¯Íevqb (Action):

cvV cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb

we‡kølY, g~j¨vqb Ges wi‡cvU© ˆZwi Kiv (Analysis, Evaluation and Reporting):

Dc‡i ˆZwi Kiv Uzjm& Gi gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv|

msM„nxZ Z_¨ we‡kølY:

c~‡e©i Ges c‡ii cv‡Vi cv_©K¨ wPwýZ Kiv|

cv‡V Abym„Z c×wZ I cÖwµqv g~j¨vqb Kiv|

†h mg¯Í mgm¨v¸‡jv GL‡bv mgvavb nqwb Zv wPwýZ Kiv|

A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i Dci cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb Kiv|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K A¨vKkb wimvP© m¤ú‡K© Dc‡iv³ aviYvi Av‡jv‡K A¨vKkb wimvP© cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi Q‡K ewY©Z KvR¸‡jv AbymiY K‡i Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ Avnevb Rvbvb| mg‡qi mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y G Awa‡ek‡b ïaygvÎ evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb wel‡q Avcbv‡ì AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri Dci mgm¨v wPwýZ Ki‡eb Zv ejyb| G cÖm‡½ wb‡Pi Q‡K welqe¯‘¸‡jv Avgiv GB Awa‡ek‡b Av‡jvPbv Kie Zv ejyb|

198


welqe¯‘ (Theme) Avcwb G Awa‡ek‡b Kx Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb

mgm¨v • evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb wel‡q wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb msµvšÍ (Students Learning) Kx mgm¨v Avcwb wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb|

mgm¨vi m¤¢ve¨ KviY • ‡Kvb †Kvb wkLb †KŠkj I c×wZ GB mgm¨vi KviY e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib ?

mgm¨vi mgvavb • Dc‡iv³ mgm¨v mgvav‡b weKí †Kvb wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj Avcwb

Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni nvwZqvi • †Kvb c×wZ‡Z Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡e|

Z_¨ we‡kølY c×wZ • msM„nxZ Z_¨ †Kvb c×wZ‡Z we‡kølY Ki‡eb hvi gva¨‡g mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi Abygvb mZ¨ bv wg_¨v Zv †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

KvR- 3 : mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv| mgq 30 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K `‡j fvM Kiæb| `‡j evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb, evsjv‡`k I wek¦ cwiPq cvV¨cy¯ÍK mieivn Kiæb|

Â `‡j wb‡Pi c×wZ AbymiY K‡i KvR Ki‡Z ejyb|

» cvV¨cy¯ÍK †_‡K Ggb GKwU welqe¯‘ wbe©vPb Kiæb hv Bb÷ªv±‡ì g‡Z wkÿv_©x‡ì Kv‡Q KwVb Ges wkÿv_©xiv H welqe¯‘‡Z cÖvqB fyj K‡i _v‡K|

» wbe©vwPZ welq m¤ú‡K© wkÿv_©x‡ì wkLb m¤úwK©Z mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiæb|

» `jxq Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g H mgm¨vi wcQ‡b wkÿY c×wZi †Kv‡bv KviY RwoZ Av‡Q Kxbv Zv wPwýZ Kiæb|

» `‡ji †h †Kv‡bv GKRb Gi LvZvq wb‡Pi QKwU Zzj‡Z ejyb Ges Zv‡ì aviYv Q‡K wjL‡Z wjL‡Z ejyb|

QK: evsjv, Bs‡iwR, MwYZ, weÁvb wel‡q Kv‡h©vc‡hvMx M‡elYv Ki‡Z †M‡j wb‡Pi †h KvR ¸‡jv Ki‡Z n‡e

KvR aviYv

mgm¨v

mgm¨vi m¤¢ve¨ KviY

mgm¨vi mgvavb

Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni nvwZqvi

Z_¨ we‡kølY c×wZ

A¨vKkb wimvP© m¤ú‡K© aviYv ch©v‡jvPbv Ges A¨vKkb wimv‡P©i cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯’vcb

199

D`vniY:

KvR aviYv

mgm¨v • wØZxq †kÖwYi wkÿv_©x‡ì nv‡Z †i‡L we‡qvM †kLvi †ÿ‡Î cÖvqB wkÿv_©xiv `k‡Ki ¯’vb †_‡K GK‡Ki ¯’v‡b msL¨v Avb‡Z fzj K‡i|

mgm¨vi m¤¢ve¨ KviY • wkÿv_©xiv hLb `yB A¼ wewkó¨ msL¨v mwVKfv‡e LvovLvwofv‡e ev Dj¤^ wj‡L bv ZLb wkÿK wKQz e‡j bv|

• wkÿK cwi®‹vi fv‡e wkÿv_©x‡ì‡K `k‡Ki ¯’vb †_‡K GK‡Ki ¯’v‡b msL¨v †Kb Avb‡Z nq Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i bv|

mgm¨vi mgvavb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Avcbvi gZvgZ wjLyb|

Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni nvwZqvi/Uzjm AwfÿvcÎ, ch©‡eÿb †PKwj÷, FGD

Z_¨ we‡kølY c×wZ

KvR- 4: mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †KŠkj| mgq: 25 wgwbU

D`vniY¯îƒc

Â msL¨vi Djø¤^fv‡e mvRv‡bvi cÖwZ we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡Z †kÖwYi mKj wkÿv_©x mwVK fv‡e msL¨v wjLvi e¨vcv‡i mZ©K _v‡K|

Â DcKiY eënvi Kivi gva¨‡g nv‡Z †i‡L we‡qvM Kivi cÖwµqv wkÿv_©x‡ì Kv‡Q `„k¨gvb Kiæb|

Â wkÿv_©x‡ì‡K AwZwi³ Abykxj‡bi my‡hvM †Ìqv hv‡Z Zviv mwVK fv‡e MYbv c×wZ wkL‡Z cv‡i hv Zv‡ì Mfxifv‡e Dcjwä Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|

KvR- 5: Z_¨ we‡kølY wewfbœ †KŠkj mgq: 20 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K Kx Kx Dcv‡q Z_¨ we‡kølY Kiv hvq G wel‡q fve‡Z ejyb Ges cv‡ki R‡bi m‡½ aviYv wewbgq Ki‡Z ejyb| 2/3 R‡bi KvQ †_‡K G wel‡q Zv‡ì aviYv ïbyb|

Â Gici cvIqvi c‡q›U øvB‡Wi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K Z_¨ we‡kølY m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v w`b|

200


• Kx Ges Kxfv‡e †kÖwYK‡ÿi Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv hv‡e †m wel‡q Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ Kiæb|

• wkÿv_©x‡ì KvQ †_‡K Kx ai‡bi Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡e ? • mKj‡K cybivq wPšÍv Ki‡Z ejyb wK cwieZ©b Zviv †kÖwY K‡ÿ †`L‡Z Pv‡”Q| • Kx ai‡bi Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Uzjm& Avcbvi M‡elYvi mgm¨vi m¤¢ve¨ KviY hv Avcwb

Abygvb K‡i‡Qb Zv mZ¨ Kxbv Zv cixÿv Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e ? †hgb-†U÷, mvÿvrKvi, cÖkœgvjv, ch©‡eÿY BZ¨vw`|

• GUv ¯§iY ivL‡Z n‡e †h, Dc‡ii mgm¨v GL‡bv Avcbvi Abygvb, GUv GL‡bv cÖgvwYZ nqwb †h, GB mgm¨vwU †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖvqB N‡U|

• Kxfv‡e Avcwb msM„nxZ Z_¨ we‡kølY Ki‡eb ? cwigvYMZ we‡kølY ? ¸YMZ we‡kølY ?

Z_¨ we‡køl‡Yi A‡bK Dcvq Av‡Q| D`vniY¯îƒc: Awfÿvi Z_¨ ev WvUv‡K cwigvYMZ we‡kølY Kiv hvq| (D`vniY¯îƒc: cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi Mo b¤^‡ii Zzjbv K‡i Ges ¸YMZ we‡kølY Kiv hvq H fzjwU wkÿv_©xiv KZevi K‡i‡Q Zv †`‡L)|

KvR-6: M‡elYvi cÖwZdjb, g~j¨vqb wi‡cv©U cÖYqb mgq : 20wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K ‡j cÖwZdj I g~j¨vqb AskwU co‡Z ejyb Ges ‡j Av‡jvPb K‡i wi‡cv‡U©i KvVv‡gv Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv Av‡jvPbv K‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| ‡ji KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| Dc¯’vcb †k‡l gvwëwgwWqvq c~e© cÖ¯‘ZK…Z KvVv‡gv Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j Zv wR‡Áb Kiæb Ges e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡ì aviYv ¯úó Kiæb Ges mKj‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|


y wWwcGW Gi wkÿv_©x‡ì GK¨kvb wiPvR© cwiPvjbv †hŠw³KZv m¤ú‡K© †h‡Kvb GKwU hyw³ Zz‡j ai‡Z ejyb

y GK¨kvb wiPvR© cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©xiv mvavibZ wK ai‡bi mgm¨vi gy‡LvgywL nq ?

201

w`b

22Awa‡ekb 3

PZz_© Uv‡g© wkÿv_©x‡ì wb‡`©kbv m¤ú‡K© KiYxq

g~jfve: wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i Kg©m~wP KvVv‡gv Abymv‡i mgMÖ Kg©m~wPwU‡K PviwU Uv‡g© fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g wZbwU Uv‡g© wcwUAvB wk¶v_©xMY wcwUAvB‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki‡eb| wZbwU Uv‡g©i †gvU mgq Kvj 36 mßvn| PZz_© Uv‡g©i wWwcGW wkÿv_©xMY wbR we`¨vj‡q 16 mßvn Ae¯’vb Ki‡eb| GB PZz_© Uvg© m¤ú~b©iƒ‡c wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i AšÍfy©³ mgq e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e Ges mswkøó wkÿv_©xMY‡K we`¨vj‡qi wbqwgZ iæwU‡b Zv‡K wkÿvbwek wkÿK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| mswkøó wWwcGW wkÿv_©x wWwcGW msµvšÍ wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i Kx Kx KvR Ki‡eb G Awa‡ek‡b †m welqwU Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|


1. PZz_© Uv‡g© wWwcGW wkÿv_©xMY wbR we`¨vj‡q Zviv Kx Kx Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY Ki‡eb Ges KvR¸‡jv ev¯Íevq‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jv Dcjwä K‡i we`¨vjq Abykxj‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq w`K¸‡jv wkÿv_©x‡ì Dcjwä‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. PZz_© Uv‡g© mswkøó `vwqZ¡ cÖvß e¨w³e‡M©i KvR m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡i wbR we`¨vj‡q wWwcGW wkÿv_©x‡ì Kvh©µg h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|





KvR- 1: wWwcGW cÖwkÿYv_x©‡ì PZz_© Uv‡g©i KvR¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv mgq: 45 wgwbU


Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K ejyb †h, PZz_© Uv‡g© 16 mßvn m¤ú~b©iƒ‡c wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i AšÍfy©³ mgq| GRb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K wWwcGW wkÿv_©x PZz_© Uv‡g© wewfbœ Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb|

Â PZz_© Uv‡g© wWwcGW wkÿv_©xMY Kx Kx Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡ib ? †m m¤ú‡K© mKj‡K fve‡Z ejyb| 2/3 R‡bi KvQ †_‡K GmKj Kvh©µ‡gi eY©bv ïbyb|

Â PZz_© Uv‡g©i H mKj Kvh©µg gwbUwis Gi †ÿ‡Î †K †K RwoZ Zv ej‡Z ejyb| 2/3 R‡bi KvQ †_‡K gwbUwis Gi `vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³e‡M©i bvg ïbyb| G †ÿ‡Î mswkøó we`¨vj‡q wkÿK, cÖavb wkÿK, wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i, BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i, mnKvix Dc‡Rjv wkÿv Kg©KZ©v‡ì †K Kx `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib Zv †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

Â Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 5wU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges `‡j wWwcGW †Kv‡m©i PZz_© Uv‡g©i Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©kbv mµvšÍ Z_¨cÎ (wWwcGW g~j¨vqb wb‡`©wkKv, c„ôv- 69-85) mieivn Kiæb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i PZz_© Uv‡g©i Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kx Kx mgm¨v Av‡Q Zv wPwýZ K‡i Zv mgvav‡b Zv‡ì gZvgZ †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb|

Â `jxq KvR †k‡l Zv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

202


KvR- 2: PZz_© Uv‡g©i wba©vwiZ wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©µgmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv mgq: 40 wgwbU

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K wR‡Ám Kiæb †h, cÖwZ wkÿv_©x PZz_© Uv‡g©i wba©vwiZ wkÿKgvb AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡ib ? Kx Kx †iKW©/cÖgvYcÎ msiÿY K‡i _v‡Kb ?

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 6wU `‡j fvM Kiæb| wWwcGW wkÿv_©x‡ì PZz_© Uv‡g©i we`¨vjq Abykxj‡bi †ÿ‡Î †h mKj QK eënvi K‡i gwbUwis Kiv nq †m m¤ú‡K© 2wU `j‡K †kÖwY Kvh©µg ch©‡eÿY †PK wj÷ (we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK I cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨), 2wU `j‡K wkÿv_©x m¤ú‡K© cÖwZ‡e`b (cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki eënv‡ii Rb¨) Ges 2wU `j‡K wkÿv_©x m¤ú‡K© cÖwZ‡e`b QK (GBDBI, BDAviwm Bb÷ªv±i, wcwUAvB Bb÷ªv±i‡ì eënv‡ii Rb¨) cÖ`vb Kiæb|

Â `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i QK¸‡jv‡Z bZzb †Kvb ms‡hvRb ev we‡qvRb _vK‡j Zv wjL‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| mKj‡K abëv` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|


y PZz_© Uv‡g©i we`¨vjq Abykxj‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖavb cÖavb Amyweav ¸‡jv Kx Kx?

y PZz_© Uv‡g©i we`¨vjq Abykxj‡bi †ÿ‡Î wbRwe`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki fzwgKv †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~b©?

203

w`b

22Awa‡ekb 4

Dc¯’vcb, A¨vmvBb‡g›U I wi‡d¬KwUf Rvb©vj m¤ú‡K© aviYv ch©v‡jvPbv

g~jfve: wWwcGW †Kvm©wU g~j¨vq‡b MvVwbK Ges mvgwóK Dfq cÖKvi g~j¨vq‡bi eë¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q| †Kvm© PjvKvjxb mKj ch©v‡q MvVwbK g~j¨vqb eë¯’vi Dci †Rvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z wkÿv_©x wkLb wbwðZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î MvVwbK g~j¨vq‡bi †Kvb weKí †bB| †m Kvi‡Y wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î A¨vmvBb‡g›U, A¨vKkb wimvP© I AvZ¥g~j¨vqb cÖf…wZ Dcv‡qi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| G Awa‡ek‡b Dc¯’vcb, A¨vmvBb‡g›U I wi‡d¬KwUf Rvb©vj ch©v‡jvPbv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wkLbdj : G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY-

1. wWwcGW Kg©m~wP g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Dc¯’vcb, A¨vmvBb‡g›U I wi‡d¬KwUf Rvb©vj eënv‡ii †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. wWwcGW Kg©m~wP g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Dc¯’vcb, A¨vmvBb‡g›U I wi‡d¬KwUf Rvb©vj eënv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|



mnvqK mvgMÖx : n¨vÛAvDU, †cv÷vi †ccvi, †evW©, gvK©vi, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv


KvR- 1: wWwcGW Kg©m~wP g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Dc¯’vcb, A¨vmvBb‡g›U I wi‡d¬KwUf Rvb©vj eënv‡ii †KŠkj mgq: 45 wgwbU


Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejyb †h, wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z wkÿv_©x‡ì †ckvMZ wkÿv I G·‡cÖwmf AvU ev‡` Ab¨vb¨ 5wU wel‡q welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| welqÁvb I wkÿYweÁvb welq ywU †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkLb †kLv‡bv KvR cwiPvjbvi mv‡_ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| mvgwMÖKfv‡e †Kvm©wU wkLb cÖ‡qv‡Mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| A_©vr GKRb mv_©K wkÿK wn‡m‡e M‡o DVvi Rb¨ †h welq¸‡jv RwoZ Zvi meB Gi mv‡_ RwoZ| ¯^vfvweK fv‡e ïay wjwLZ cixÿvi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb K‡i GKRb wkÿv_©x mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© GKRb wkÿK n‡q DVj wKbv Zv wePvi Kvi Am¤¢e| †m Rb¨ wWwcGW Kg©m~wP‡Z GKvwaK g~j¨vqb eë¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q| †hgb-MvVwbK g~~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q A¨vmvBb‡g›U, Dc¯’vcb, A¨vKkb wimvP©, wi‡d¬KwUf Rvbv©j BZ¨vw`|

Â AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 6wU ‡j fvM Kiæb Ges ‡j wb‡Pi KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z w`b| 1 I 2bs j A¨vmvBb‡g‡›Ui D‡Ïk¨, A¨vmvB‡g‡›Ui eënvi A_v©r Kxfv‡e A¨vmvB‡g›UicÖ`vb Kiv n‡e Ges A¨vmvBb‡g‡›Ui ¸iæZ¡ Ges A¨vmvBb‡g‡›Ui gva¨‡g Kx Kx hvPvB Kiv n‡e Zv mieivnK…Z Z_¨ cy¯ÍK †_‡K cvV K‡i `‡j Av‡jvPbvc~e©K mswÿß AvKv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb|

204


Â GKBfv‡e 3 I 4bs `j‡K Dc¯’vcb Ges 5 I 6 bs `j‡K wi‡d¬KwUf Rvb©vj m¤ú‡K© Dc‡iv³ KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z w`b|

Â `jxq KvR †k‡l GK `j‡K Ab¨ `‡ji KvR ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z w`b|

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