Conférence européenne des régions pour le Climat
description
Transcript of Conférence européenne des régions pour le Climat
Conférence européenne des régions pour le Climat
Lyon, 20 Octobre 2011
Yves GasparLombardy Foundation for the Environment
Catholic University of Brescia
Energy efficiency in Heat + Electricity co-generation:
the Lombardy’s best practices
S. Carnot 1796-1832
Energy use efficiency:
Performance of thermal engines
The heat engines
QQHH = Q = QCC + W + W
ηη
HH
QQCC
WW
Combined heat & power generationCombined heat & power generation
District Heating in EU – Present Situation
District Heating in EU – Present Situation
District heating is a convenient way to heating space and tap water.
In many processes, for example when electricity is generated or waste is burned, large parts of the energy are set free in the form of surplus heat.
The fundamental idea behind modern district heating is to recycle this surplus heat which otherwise would be wasted- from electricity production, from fuel and biofuel-refining, and from different industrial processes.
Furthermore, district heating can make use of the many kinds of renewables (biomass, geothermal, solar thermal).
DH has an average market share of 10 percent in Europe, but it is particularly widespread in North, Central and Eastern Europe, where market shares often reach 50 percent and more.
District Heating in EU – Present Situation
At present 69% of the primary energy demand in EU is originated in urban areas, where the DH benefits are higher.
More than 83% of heat delivered by DH systems is originated by “surplus heat”, CHP and renewable energies. DH contibutes to the reduction of primary energy demand and CO2 emissions in EU.
At present DH in the EU saves 0,9 EJ/year of primary energy and avoids 113 Mt/year of CO2 emission
Ecoheatcool project, co-financed by the European Commission, confirms the possibility of saving an extra 400 Mton/year of CO2 (corresponding to 9.3% CO2 reduction, more than the whole Kyoto target) and an extra 2,1 EJ/year of primary energy (equivalent to the annual energy balance of Sweden) with more District Heating and Cooling across 32 European countries.
Province of Brescia
Municipality of Brescia
BRESCIA
40 Mm3 heated volume
620 km of double pipe
19.500 connected buildings
130.000 inhabitants supplied
695 MWt of installed power
223 MWe of electrical installed power (CHP)
1 km
C.le Nord
C.le Lamarmora
Termoutilizzatore
BRESCIA DISTRICT HEATING – EXISTING SITUATION
BRESCIA DISTRICT HEATING – ANNUAL GROWTH
YEAR
HEA
TED
VO
LU
ME (
10^
6 m
3)
02
46
810
1214
1618
202224
2628
3032
3436
3840
42
Mm3
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
YEARS
DH SYSTEM BRESCIA - HEATED VOLUME
BRESCIA DISTRICT HEATING
2008 OPERATIONAL DATA
Heat supplied by district heating:at customer boundaries: 1.053 GWhtat power plant boundaries: 1.292 GWht
Cogenerated electricity: 857 GWhe
Maximum heat produced(5 gennaio 2009): 560 MWt
BRESCIA DISTRICT HEATING
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200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
2.000
2.200
2.400
2.600
2.800
3.000
3.200
3.400
3.600
3.800
4.000
GW
h
1972
1973
1974
1975
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1980
1981
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1987
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1991
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1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
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2003
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2008
2009
A N N I
FUEL USED IN BRESCIA DH SYSTEM
• natural gas• oil• coal• municipal waste and biomass
100 %
~ 60 % 1000 kg
1000 kWh
650 kWh
TERMOUTILIZZATORE BRESCIA- Integrated Waste Management
TERMOUTILIZZATORE(The waste to energy plant of Brescia)
OPERATIONS DATA 2008:
Treated waste( of which biomass 274.000 tons )
Electricity production (net)
District heating
Fossil fuels saving (Tons of Oil Equivalent)
CO2 avoided emissions
801.000 tons
570 Gwhel
568 Gwhth
> 150.000 TOE
> 400.000 tons
TERMOUTILIZZATORE(The waste to energy plant of Brescia)
IMPLEMENTED NOx CONTROL IN BRESCIA WTE(since 1998)
• PRIMARY
- low combustion excess air
- 30 compartment grate
- infrared camera for optimization of air supply
- flue gas recirculation
• SECONDARY (NOx reduction)
- SNCR (NH3 injection with 27 nozzles, positioned at
three levels)
Brescia DH developments: NOx Reduction
STACK EMISSIONS
mg/Nm3 (excepted TCDD in ng/Nm3)
dry, 11% O2
AUTORIZZ. REGIONALE
1993
DESIGN DATA
1994
EUROPEAN DIRECTIVE 2000/76/CE
(recepit in Italy in 2005)
ACTUAL OPERATIONAL
DATA(typical)
Dust 10 3 10 <0,5
SO2 150 40 50 10
NOx 200 100 200 80
HCl 30 20 10 4
HF 1 1 1 0,1
CO 100 40 50 15
Heavy metals 2 0,5 0,5 0,01
Cd 0,1 0,02 0,05 0,002
Hg 0,1 0,02 0,05 0,002
IPA 0,05 0,01 0,01 <0,001
TCDD Teq ng/Nm3 0,1 0,1 0,1 <0,005
TERMOUTILIZZATORE(The waste to energy plant of Brescia)
Fig 47 – Riduzione della media annuale di PM10 (µg/m3) conseguente all’introduzione del teleriscaldamento
STUDIO DI DISPERSIONE ATMOSFERICA
DI INQUINANTI EMESSI SUL TERRITORIO BRESCANO
Comune di Brescia – Università degli Studi di Brescia
BRESCIA DISTRICT HEATING FUTURE developmentS - SCENARIO 2020 -
HEATED VOLUME: 45 Mm3
MAXIMUM PEAK OF HEAT REQUIRED: 720 MWt
ANNUAL THERMAL ENERGY REQUIRED: 1.791 GWht
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VO
LU
ME
TR
IA A
LL
AC
CIA
TA
10
^6
m3
HIGH DUST SCR LOCATION
HIGH DUST SCR
Brescia DH developments: NOx Reduction
2 SCR LAYER (24 months operation):
• NOx: 80 60 mg/Nm3
• NH3 slip: 12 1 - 4 mg/Nm3
• NH3 consumption: 0.22 0.20 m3/h (25% concentrated)
• PRESSURE LOSS: < 2 m bar
SCR “HIGH DUST”
2nd PHASE TEST RESULTS (preliminary)
Brescia DH developments: NOx Reduction
SCR HIGH DUST ON THE COAL BOILER OF LAMARMORA PLANT
EXPECTED NOx EMISSION AFTER DENOX INSTALLATION: < 150 mg/Nm3
• BOILER THERMAL POWER: 200 MW
• FLUE GAS FLOW: 230 KNm3/h
• NOX EMISSION: 500 mg/Nm3
Brescia DH developments: NOx Reduction
MILANO DISTRICT HEATING
UPDATED 31/12/2008
19,8 Mm3 heated volume
143 km of double pipe
1.240 connected buildings
200.000 inhabitants supplied
639 MWt of installed power
80 MWe of electrical installed power (CHP)
MILANO DISTRICT HEATING – FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
HEAT PUMP PLANT
MILANO DISTRICT HEATING – FUTURE DEVELOPMENT