concrete pervious

8/13/2019 concrete pervious

1/136

Whats new in Concrete

By Frank A Kozeliski, P.E.Kozeliski Consulting LLC

Gallup, New Mexico

November 12, 2010Track Five


2/136

Pervious ConcreteWhen it rains. . .. . . It d r a i n s !Minimal finesConcrete MixCoarse Agg. Cement and

Water


3/136

Low Impact Development Pervious Concrete Directly Infiltrates Water Through The Pavement


4/136

Conventional Pavement Asphalt (Background)Pervious Concrete (Foreground) - Raining


5/136

Base/Sub-Base ConsiderationsPervious Concrete

Typical Detention Layer = 6 Thickness increases for

storage and to get waterout of pervious for freezethaw

No detention layer requiredwhere you have well

draining native soil

Subgrade compaction95% Standard Proctor90-92% Modified Proctor

40 % voidOr a Detention Layer


6/136

Compaction Methods of pervious


7/136

Pervious placement with a roller screed


8/136


9/136


10/136


11/136


12/136


13/136


14/136

Las Cruces, New Mexico


15/136


16/136

Initial Ingredients for aPervious Concrete Mix Design

Cement ------------------------ --500 lbs cu yd to # 8 Aggregate ------- 2600 lbs / cuydNo hot water cold water only 18-21 gal/cuyd


17/136

www.perviouspavement.org

Batching Mixing Transporting Aggregate moisture content prior to batchingZero Near 0 Slump

(Very low W/C Ratio - .27 - .34)

Very sensitive jobsite water additionsTypical Admix (incl. Superplazticizer)

Plus HSA (Hydration Stabilizing extremeretarders) most apps.Plus VMA (Viscosity Modifying) common

AEA Cold climates


18/136

Pervious at work


19/136

Full-Depth Reclamation with Cement


20/136


21/136

Examples of Pavement Distress Alligator cracking Rutting Excessive patching

Base failures Potholes Soil stains on surface


22/136

Use of in-place materials Little or no material hauled off and dumped Maintains or improves existing grade Conserves virgin material Saves cost by using in-place

investment Saves energy by reducing

mining and hauls Very sustainable process

Advantages of the FDR Process


23/136

18012

4,500

300

2,700

0

3,000500

1 mile of 24-foot wide, 2-lane road, with a 6-inch base

Sustainable Element of FDR Process


24/136

Pulverize, Shape, Add Cement, Mix In Place,Compact, and Surface

GranularBase

Subgrade

Existingroad

BituminousSurfacing

Subgrade

Pulverized

Pulverizationto desired

depth

Subgrade

Pulverized

Removal ofexcess material(if necessary)and shaping

Subgrade

Stabilized

Addition ofcement, mixing,reshaping, and

compaction

Subgrade

Stabilized

New Surfacing

Final surfaceapplication

FDR Construction Process


25/136

Cement SpreadingCement is spread on top of thepulverized material in ameasured amount in eithera dry or slurry form


26/136

Blending of Materials andMoisture Addition

Cement isblended intopulverized,reclaimedmaterial and, withthe addition ofwater, is brought tooptimum moisture


27/136

Traffic and Surfacing Completed FDR base can be opened

immediately to low-speed local trafficand to construction equipment

Subsequent pavement layers can beplaced at any time


28/136

Whitetopping,

Ultrathin WhitetoppingPavement Rehabilitation

Options

B b l d h


29/136

But concrete can be placed over theexisting asphalt as

WHITETOPPING Avoids asphalt reconstruction problems

Can be placed on pavementsin poor or bad condition

Little or no pre-overlay repair needed

Minimal rain delays

Maintain traffic on existing surface


30/136


31/136

Whitetopping

By Definition...- Thicknesses at least 4to 6

- Does not depend on bond tounderlying surface

- Joint spacing is less critical

- Existing asphalt pavementis base
http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1


32/136

UTW Design Procedure

New Engineering Bulletin for1998 Conventional Whitetopping

Design Construction Performance

Ultra-thin Whitetopping Design Construction Performance

Crystal, New Mexico, NHA street
http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337554&P2=4&size=1http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337553&P2=11&size=1


33/136
http://photomail.photoworks.com/SfwOnline/photomail/PMImage.asp?P1=33337553&P2=11&size=1


34/136


35/136

Finished Street

Crystal, New Mexico, NHA


36/136

White toping in Durango, Co.


37/136


38/136

Honduras, Central America


39/136

ACI 330R-08Guide for the Design Concrete Parking

Lots and Construction of

CoreyCemex


40/136

ACI has developed recommended design procedurespecifically for parking lots

Recognizes construction integrity of rigidpavement materials. Recommends reduction orelimination of granular base:

ACI 330 recognizes parking lots are different than astreet/roadway.

Load is in the Interior Primary purpose is to store & move vehicles Lot may be a water collector May need to accommodate lighting, islands,

landscaping

Given:

Soil Strength

Concrete Strength

Traffic Demand

Determines:

Thickness

Jointing

Reinforcing (opt.)

Subbase (opt.)

WE RECOMMEND FOLLOWING ACI 330 GUIDELINEFOR DESIGN OF CONCRETE PARKING LOTS


41/136

Major parkingfacilities


42/136

Longitudinal joint

Transverse joint

SubgradeSubbase or base

Surface Texture

Surface smoothnessThickness Design

Dowel bars

Concrete materials

Tiebars

BASIC COMPONENTS OF A CONRETE PAVEMENT

ACI 330 ASSIGNS TRAFFIC TO DESIGN CATEGORIES DEPENDING ON TYPE


43/136

ACI 330 ASSIGNS TRAFFIC TO DESIGN CATEGORIES DEPENDING ON TYPEVEHICLE AND PARKING AREA OF USE

HOW CONCRETE AND ASPHALT PAVEMENTS


44/136

HOW CONCRETE AND ASPHALT PAVEMENTSARE DIFFERENT

Loads are distributed over a large area through slabaction.

Minor deflections. Low subgrade contact pressures. Subgrade uniformity is more important

than strength.

Loads are more concentrated. Deflections are higher Subgrade, base and subbase strength are very important. usually require more layers and greater thickness for

optimally transmitting load to the subgrade

Concretes Rigidity spreads the load over a large area and keeps pressures on the subgrade low

7000 lbs load.

pressure ~3 - 7 psi

7000 lbs load.

pressure~ 15 - 20 psi

Concrete Pavements are rigid Asphalt pavements are flexible


45/136

Parking Area

Entrance/ Exit Lanes

4 to 6

6 to 8

DIFFERENT TRAFFIC AREAS CAN HAVE DIFFERENT THICKNESSES

EQUIVALENT STRUCTURES ARE NECESSARY


46/136

EQUIVALENT STRUCTURES ARE NECESSARYORDER TO COMPARE DESIGNS

5.0 Concrete

6.5 Concrete

8.0

6 Gran. Base

Concrete

2.0

10 Gran. Base

Asphalt

4.0

10 Gran. Base

Asphalt

10 Gran. Base

Asphalt8.0

4.0

6 Gran. Base

Asphalt

6.0

6 Gran. Base

Asphalt

6 Gran. Base

Asphalt10.0

Light TrafficADTT 3 trucks/day,

11,500 ESALs

MediumTraffic

ADTT 100 trucks/day,405,000 ESALs

Heavy TrafficADTT 500 trucks/day,

3,500,00 ESALs

Thin Asphalt Thick AsphaltACI 330 Concrete


47/136

Roller Compacted Concrete

It has the basic ingredients as conventional concreteFresh RCC is stiffer than zero-slump conventional

Concrete. Its stiff enough to remain stable undervibratory rollers.

Placed with asphalt-type paver equippedConstructed without forms, dowels or reinforcementJoints are spaced farther apart than conventional

pavements.


48/136

Log Sort Yards

Vancouver Island, BC, 1978


49/136

Military Facilities

Ft. Lewis, WA,1986

Ft. Drum, NY, 1990

Ft. Carson, CO, 2008


50/136

Intermodal Facilities

Burlington Northern, Denver, CO

Central Station, Detroit, MI


51/136

Parking Areas

134 acre parking facility at Saturn plant,TN (1988-89)

Honda facility, AL (2003)(207 acres; 1.2 mil sy)


52/136


53/136

Highway Shoulders

I-285 highway shouldersAtlanta, GA

C P i i h Li h i h


54/136

Concrete Paving with Light weightaggregate make pavements last longer

This is called Internal Curing of concreteLight weight agg. Provides moisture inside the

concrete due to low Water Cementitious ratioCement 451 lb/yd Fly Ash 113 lb/ ydCoarse 1540 lb/yd Light wt 300 lb/ydFine agg 1099 lb/yd Water 242 # 29 galFc = 4500 psi


55/136


56/136


57/136


58/136


59/136

ICF -- Insulated Concrete Forms

Picture


60/136

ICF Insulated Concrete Forms

Government push mandates to Maximize energy Design Professionals need to access Energy

efficient material ICF structures require 44% less energy to heat and

32% less energy to cool Resulting in reduced up front capital cost Designing with ICFs proven way to deliver

substantial saving in operating cost and owner ship


61/136


Building energy-efficient is Necessary nolonger a choice

Green buildings are emerging across Americawithin federal agencies

Provide higher structural performance andgreater confort

Help withstand earthquakes, hurricanes andtornados


62/136


Ideal wall system for high-risk geographies Mass wall reduces noise, multi-hour fire

resistance Stable indoor temperatures Well suited to hotels, multi-unit walls theaters

hotels, schools and churches. Resistance to mold mildew and pests


63/136


picture


64/136

Pervious Drive way at a ICF house in Gallup, NewMexico


65/136


66/136

Concrete Mix Designs Use Combined Aggregates .


67/136

Proportion in accordance

with ACI 211.1 Previous field experience Laboratory trial batches

Batch, mix, & deliver byASTM C94 or C685

Concrete Mix Designs Use Combined Aggregates .

WELL GRADED AGGREGATE DISTRIBUTION WILL REDUCE PASTE CONTE


68/136

A mixture of particle sizes is more efficient at fillingvoid space than all particles of any one size

Larger maximum sizes also help graded aggregatesfill volume more effectively


69/136

MIX DESIGN IS A BALANCE BETWEEN ECONOMICS AND PERFORMANC


70/136

What shrinks? Aggregates? - No Paste? - Yes

Cementitous, water Lower paste = lower

shrinkage

Factors affecting pastecontent

Maximum aggregate size Combined aggregate

grading Fineness of sand and

impurities Fineness of cementitious

materials

Limiting Paste Content is Key to reducing Shrinkage

OPTIMIZED AGGREGATE GRADATION


71/136

CAN AFFECT COSTS

$77.42$72.72

Standard Mix Optimized Mix

Est. Contractor Concrete CY Price ($ / CY)

StateMix

OptimizedMix

Cement, Lbs 545 425Water, Lbs 229 230

Air, % 5.0 1.5

W/C Ratio 0.42 0.54

Cyl, 28-day PSI 6,900 6,300

Beam, 28-day PSI 897 895

LOUISIANA TEST RESULTS

$27.25

$21.25

Standard Mix Optimized Mix

Cement Cost ($ / CY)

StandardPaving Mix

(lbs/CY)

Potential OptimizedPaving Mix (lbs/CY)

Cement 500 430

Ty-F Fly-ash 67 67

Sand 1100 1115

Coarse Agg (AASHTO#57)

1885 1485

Coarse Agg 2 (1/4 max) 480

Water, Lbs 254 (28 gals) 220 (26 gals)

W/C Ratio .448 .443

Cement cost = $100 / ton


72/136

Self Consolidating Concrete

Concrete that flows.Measure the spread of the concrete Inches Reduces the man hours for placementReduces the rubbing of the wall.Minimum to no honeycombCan place the concrete qucikerNo water added, keeps the Water Cementitious

ratio low


73/136

Chemical Admixtures

HIGH RANGE WATER REDUCING ADMIXTURES(Super Plasticizers)

Reduces the water content by 12% to 30% whilemaintaining slump.

Produces flowing concrete without the additionof water.


74/136

Chemical Admixtures

HIGH RANGE WATER REDUCING ADMIXTURES

Example:

36 gal / yd x 8.33 lb/gal=300 lb/yd36 gal x 12% = 4.3 gal x 8.33 = 36 lbs36 gal x 30% = 10.8 gal x 8.33 = 90 lbs

This is ASTM Type F (Normal Set)and Type G (Retarding Set).

High range water reducing admixtures


75/136

High range water reducing admixturesadded at the site


76/136

High range ater red cing


77/136

High range water reducingadmixtures added at the site

High range increases the slump 4 with 3gallons in a 10 cuyd load. Normally it would

have taken 40 gallons of water to increasethe slump the same amount or 4 gallons percubic yard.

36 gal x 12% = 4.3 gal x 8.33 = 36 lbs

Flowable t St bl i t


78/136

Flowable - yet Stable mixture
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Inverted%20Slump%20Test.MPG


79/136


80/136

High Range Water Reducer


81/136

High Range Water Reducerno Water added

h i C i ?


82/136

What is Concrete Maturity?

Originally developed in thelate 1940s & early 50s

Accidents in the 1970s led tofurther maturity research

Interest increased in the1980s as companies lookedfor ways to accelerateconstruction

Wide spread adoption in theU.S. over the last 10 years

Maturity is a proven, non-destructive, strength estimation technique thatuses time & temperature measurements to determine (in real-time) thestrength gain of in-place concrete.

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

Maturity (C-Hours)

Compressive Strength (psi)


83/136

How does Maturity work?

Strength vs. Time

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 500 1000 1500

Time, Hours

Strength, PSI

90 F

73

45

What does this tell us?

Strength vs. Maturity

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

Maturity, C*H

Strength, PSI

90 F

7345


84/136

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

Maturity (C-Hours)

Com

pressive Strength (psi)

Day 1

Day 2

Day 4

Day 7 Day 14

Step 1: Generating a Relationship Curve


85/136

Step 3A: Convert Maturity to Strengthusing Relationship Curve

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

Maturity (C-Hours)

Compressive Strength (psi)

3750

4000


86/136


87/136

Moisture is critical during the curing process

Detrimental effects of moisture loss

Lowered concrete strength

Shrinkage cracking & curling

Long-term reductions in durability

Moisture has long-term damaging effects

Detrimental effects of moisture retention

Damage to floor covering and adhesives

Promotes mold growth

Structural damage

Measure Slab MoistureintelliRock Humidity Logger


88/136

Ideal for floor moisture applications

(ASTM F 710, ASTM F 2170)

Compliments/Replaces Calcium Chloride testing

Typical threshold of 75% RH for Flooring

Excellent forensic tool for moisture issues

Compatible with the intelliRock Maturity &Temperature logging system

intelliRock Humidity Logger

intelliRock

4 0 %

S l a b

D e p t h

Hole LinerSealed

w/SlilconeUp Walls

Drill Point(Sample Volume)

Open BottomFor Sampling

intelliRock RHSensor

E i f M i d M i


89/136

Equipment for Maturity and Moisture

K S K


90/136

Komponent System K

Shrinkage reducing Cement Add 80 lb bag to a yard of concrete Place as regular concrete Need to wet cure for 7 days Cost about $ 30.00 per cubic yard

No Joints placement 100 x 200

K t S t K


91/136

Komponent System K

H lid I


92/136

Holiday Inn


93/136

R id S t C t


94/136

Rapid Set Concrete

University and Central -- Albuquerque, NM You can open up the concrete in 24 hrs. Asphalt was removed on Friday evening,

Concrete placed and opened on Monday. Added cost about $ 150 / cuyd due to the

overtime and the cement added cost.


95/136


96/136

ASTM 1157 Cement


97/136

ASTM 1157 Cement

This is a performance based cement and hasabout 10% inter ground limestone to meet

EPA carbon requirements. You should see it insubmittals this next year. Do not be afraid aslong as you get strength.

Performance Based Mix Designs


98/136

Performance Based Mix Designs

In years to come you will get performancebase mix designs. You order 4000 psi with airand it is the ready mix producers to get thestrength. The engineer will accept the mix and

may not know what was in the mix. (be ready)no more prescription mixes will be in ASTM

Curing Concrete the first 24 hrs on site


99/136

Curing Concrete the first 24 hrs on site.

ASTM No Loss of Moisture Keep cylinders between 60 & 80 Degrees For 6000 psi concrete cure between 68 & 78

deg.

Test Cylinders 4x8


100/136

Test Cylinders 4x8

The new 318.08 Building Code recognizes the 4 x8 inch cylinder molds.

A strength test is the average of 3 4 x 8.

Before the code, recognized 2 6 x12 4 x 8 can be used for trial mixes and acceptance

testing.

Test Cylinders 4x8


101/136

Test Cylinders 4 x8

Fill the test cylinder full rod it 25 timeswith a 3/8 rod with a rounded end. Tap the

sides 10 to 15 times to close the voids. Fillthe other half full. Rod the cylinder 25 times

just penetrating the first layer 1. Tap the

sides again. Level the cylinder top.

Test Cylinders 4x8


102/136

Test Cylinders 4 x8

Cap the mold and place in water, coveringthe cylinders with water. Keep between 60 to80F. 24 hrs later take to the laboratory


103/136


104/136


105/136

32 cylinders in a box cost about $ 2500


106/136

40 cylinders in a thermal II curing box. Cost $ 3500


107/136

Decorative Concrete


108/136

Decorative Concrete

Value added for the Residential ConcreteContractor or for the Home owner

Learn how to do it and do it right if you aregoing to do Decorative Concrete

Decorative Concrete


109/136

Decorative Concrete


110/136


111/136


112/136


113/136

ACI 332-08


114/136

ACI 332 08

Code Requirements for ResidentialConcrete and Commentary

The Concrete Requirements for ResidentialConcrete have changed.


115/136

ACI 332-08


116/136

ACI 332 08

Has established 3 Weathering Probabilities1. Negligible (such as Hawaii)2. Moderate3. Severe (such as Alaska )

Lines defining areas are approximate only.

Severe


117/136

Severe

Moderate

Negligible

Weathering Map for entrained air for Concrete

Severe Weather (Type 3)


118/136

Severe Weather (Type 3)

Drive ways, curbs, walkways,ramps, patios, porches,steps, and stairs exposed toweather and garage floorslabs.

Fc = 4500 psi

Maximum Slump - 5 Slump flow 24 to 28With High Range WRA


119/136


120/136


121/136


122/136

Long Haul Concrete over 2 Hours


123/136

Long Haul Concrete over 2 Hours


124/136

What is the plan cont.


125/136

Why one revolution per mile ????

You are reducing the friction betweenthe cement and aggregate particles Thefriction builds up heat and heats up theconcrete

The stiffer the mix the more friction andheat .

What is the plan (cont.)


126/136

p ( )

The flow-a-ability can be done with DELVO oran overdose of Type B & Type D retarders &water reducing retarder

Go the 120 to 160 miles and get 120 to 160revolutions. Caution in cool weather you canincrease slump if the air is cooler than theconcrete. The concrete gets cooler in transit.

What is the plan (cont.)


127/136

p ( )

Arrive at the job site and mix for 5 minutes toget the material mixed and then check theslump. If it is a little stiff, use Super Plasticizerto increase the slump to 4 +/ -

This is a method for 50 to 100 cuyd placementper day or one round of mixers. Not for lowslump curb and gutter machines

ontrol Low Strength fill


128/136

ontrol Low Strength fillFlowable Fill Properties

Slump 5 to 8

Plastic Unit Wt 130 pcfC.B.R. 34 to 42Strength 35 psi to 150 psi

Koz-Crete Flowable Fill Mi D i


129/136

Mix Design

Cement 94 lb/cuydFines 3/8 max) 3000 lb/cuyd

Water 50 gals) 416 lb/cuydColor depends)

TOTAL 3510 lb/cuyd


130/136


131/136


132/136

Cement Burns


133/136

W i !!!!!


134/136

Contact with wet (unhardened) concrete, mortar, cement, orcement mixtures can cause SKIN IRRITATION, SEVERECHEMICAL BURNS (THIRD-DEGREE), or SERIOUS EYE DAMAGEFrequent exposure may be associated with irritant and/or allergic

contact dermatitis. Wear waterproof gloves, a long-sleeved shirt,full-length trousers, and proper eye protection when working withthese materials.

Source: PCA

Warning !!!!!

i


135/136

If you have to stand in wet concrete, use waterproof boots that are high enough to keep concrete from

flowing into them. Wash wet concrete, mortar, cement,or cement mixtures from your skin immediately. Flusheyes with clean water immediately after contact.

Indirect contact through clothing can be as serious as directcontact, so promptly rinse out wet concrete, mortar, cement,or cement mixtures from clothing. Seek immediate medicalattention if you have persistent or severe discomfort.

Source: PCA

Warning !!!!!

Thank You!


136/136

Thank You!

This concludes the What's new in Concrete

Any Questions?Frank A. Kozeliski, P.E.

Cause-a-Liskey

Consulting EngineerGallup, New Mexico
mailto:[email protected]

concrete pervious

Documents

Transcript of concrete pervious