7/27/2019 computing lec 3

1/180

C-Language

CS 535 Introduction to Scientific Computing

Theory : 3rdLecture

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

2/180

History

A brief mention:

Computer Language :

Low level : Machine language

Middle level : Assembly language

High Level : C, Java, Fortran, so many

So C is a high level language

Designed by

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

3/180

Every language has a set of

symbols

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

4/180

Cs Character Set

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

5/180

Cs Character Set

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

6/180

Every language has a set of

symbolsSymbols are only for creating

words

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

7/180

Cs Words : Identifiers

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

8/180

Cs Words : Identifiers

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

9/180

Cs Words : Identifiers

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

10/180

Every language has a set of

symbols

Symbols are only for creating

words

Some words are called proper nouns

with a distinction of their own

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

11/180

Cs Key words

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

12/180

Cs Key words

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

13/180

My resolution is constant; will

not change till the end of this life

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

14/180

Cs Constants

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

15/180

Numeric constants Rules

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

16/180

Integer Numeric constants Rules

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

17/180

Decimal Integer constants Rules

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

18/180

Octal Integer constants Rules

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

19/180

Hexadecimal Integer constants Rules

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

20/180

Hexadecimal Integer constants Rules

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

21/180

Floating Point constants Rules

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

22/180

Floating Point constants Rules

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

23/180

Character constants Rules

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

24/180

Character constants Rules

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

25/180

String constants Rules

characters that are embedded within the string

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

26/180

Symbolic constants Rules

correspondingcharacter sequence

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

27/180

Symbolic constants Rules

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

28/180

The price is variable quantity, so it

may change its values in the market

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

29/180

Variables

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

30/180

Escape Sequence

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

31/180

Escape Sequence

null \0 000

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

32/180

Data Types

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

33/180

Data Types

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

34/180

Variable Declaration

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

35/180

Examples Variable Declaration

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

36/180

Examples Variable Declaration

declaration

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

37/180

Initializing Variable

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

38/180

Initializing Variable

initially assigned the character *

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

39/180

Type Conversion

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

40/180

Examples : Type Conversion

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

41/180

Examples : Type Conversion

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

42/180

Examples : Type Conversion

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

43/180

Examples : Type Conversion

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

44/180

Examples : Type Conversion

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

45/180

Examples : Type Conversion

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

46/180

Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

47/180

Types of Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

48/180

Arithmetic Operators

Modulus operator

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

49/180

Arithmetic Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

50/180

Arithmetic Operators : Examples

expression

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

51/180

Arithmetic Operators : Examples

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

52/180

Arithmetic Operators : Examples

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

53/180

Arithmetic Operators : Conversion

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

54/180

Arithmetic Operators : Conversion

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

55/180

Arithmetic Operators : Conversion

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

56/180

Arithmetic Operators : Conversion

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

57/180

Type Conversion summary

long doubledoublefloatunsigned long longlong long

unsigned longlongunsigned intintunsigned shortshortunsigned charchar

Higher

Lower

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

58/180

Unary Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

59/180

Unary Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

60/180

Unary Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

61/180

Unary Operator : Example

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

62/180

Unary Operator : Example

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

63/180

Unary Operator : Example

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

64/180

Unary Operator : Example

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

65/180

Relational & Logical Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

66/180

Relational & Logical Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

67/180

Relational & Logical Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

68/180

Relational & Logical Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

69/180

Relational & Logical Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

70/180

Relational & Logical Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

71/180

Relational & Logical Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

72/180

Relational & Logical Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

73/180

Relational & Logical Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

74/180

Relational & Logical Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

75/180

Assignment Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

76/180

Assignment Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

77/180

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

78/180

Assignment Operators

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

79/180

Assignment Operators

value of the conditional expression

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

80/180

i O

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

81/180

Assignment Operators

Other assignment operators: C also has five additional assignment operators:

+=, -+, *=, /=, and%=

To see how they work, consider the first

operator +=. The assignment expression :

Expression 1 += Expression-2

is equivalent to :

Expression 1 = Expression 1 + Expression 2

Bi i O

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

82/180

Bitwise Operators

L f Shif O

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

83/180

Left Shift Operator

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

84/180

S i l O t

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

85/180

Special Operators

A i ti it & P d

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

86/180

Associativity & Precedence

A i ti it & P d

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

87/180

Associativity & Precedence

A i ti it & P d

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

88/180

Associativity & Precedence

P ti P bl

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

89/180

Practice Problems

I t d O t t

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

90/180

Input and Output

I t d O t t

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

91/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

92/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

93/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

94/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

95/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

96/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

97/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

98/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

99/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

100/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

101/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

102/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

103/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

104/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

105/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

106/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

107/180

Input and Output

have been entered successfully.

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

108/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

109/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

110/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

111/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

112/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

113/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

114/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

115/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

116/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

117/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

118/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

119/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

120/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

121/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

122/180

Input and Output

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

123/180

p p

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

124/180

p p

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

125/180

p p

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

126/180

p p

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

127/180

p p

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

128/180

p p

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

129/180

p p

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

130/180

p p

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

131/180

p p

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

132/180

p p

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

133/180

p p

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

134/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

135/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

136/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

137/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

138/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

139/180

conversion character

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

140/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

141/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

142/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

143/180

Input and Output

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

144/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

145/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

146/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

147/180

statement will be ignored

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

148/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

149/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

150/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

151/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

152/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

153/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

154/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

155/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

156/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

157/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

158/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

159/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

160/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

161/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

162/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

163/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

164/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

165/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

166/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

167/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

168/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

169/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

170/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

171/180

Control Structures

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

172/180

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

173/180

Repetition Statement :for

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

174/180

For Loop:

for (initialisation; repetition_condition; update)

{

Statement1;

... ...

StatementN;

}

Execution Details:

(1) it executes the initialisationstatement.

(2) it checks to see if repetition_conditionis true. If it isn't, it finishes

with the "for loop" completely. But if it is, it executes each of thestatements Statement1... StatementNin turn, and then executesthe expression update.

(3) After this, it goes back to the beginning of step (2) again.

Repetition Statement :for loop

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

175/180

Repetition Statement : whileloop

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

176/180

Repetition Statement :do-whileloop

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

177/180

do-while loop:do{statement 1;

statement 2;

..statement n;

}while(condition);

Execution Details:Same as while loop. Only difference is that condition is

checked at the end. So the set of statements must be executedat least once.

Practice Problems

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

178/180

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

179/180

7/27/2019 computing lec 3

180/180