CLA Rapport Final Avec Annexes

7/30/2019 CLA Rapport Final Avec Annexes

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Acide Linolique Conjugu

Description

Le systme conjugu est un caractristique de la matire organique o danscertaines molcules les atomes sont lies avec double et single liaisons en alternance (C=C-C=C-C). Dans ces molcules les lectrons appartiennent pas une seule liaison ou atomemais plutt un groupe. Cette dlocalisation des lectrons rsulte une plus grande stabilit.

Les CLA (pour Conjugated Linoleic Acid ou acide linolique conjugu) sont desacides gras trans trs particuliers. Ce sont des isomres trans de lacide linolique (le C18:29c, 12c) dont les doubles liaisons -dites conjugues- se suivent sur deux carbones voisins(Figure 1). Le fait dtre conjugus donne ces isomres une forme coude prochede celle des acides gras cis et des proprits particulires. Le CLA le plus abondant celuique lon trouve dans la matire graisse laitire est lacide rumnique (C18:2 9c,11t).

Dautres CLA existent comme le 10t,12c (dans les complments alimentairesnotamment) ou le 11c,13t ou encore le 7t,9c Lacide vaccnique et lacide rumnique sontdes n-7. Lacide rumnique (80 % des CLA de lalimentation) tient son nom de son originerumnale.

Le terme CLA regroupe, donc, un grand nombre de molcules trs diffrentes. Lesnutritionnistes emploient souvent sa dsignation biochimique, le terme de C18:2 (n-6) pourparler de lacide linolique.

Lacide linolique conjugu est, au mme temps, un acides gras trans et cis.

Figure 1 Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)

Ainsi, l'acide linolique conjugu est un driv de l'acide linolique, un acide grasessentiel de la famille des omga-6. Les bactries prsentes dans le rumen des ruminantsconvertissent l'acide linolique en ALC. Cest pourquoi on retrouve ces compossprincipalement dans les matires grasses du lait et de la viande des ruminants, notammentle buf et le mouton. Les glandes mammaires de ces animaux produisent galementdirectement de l'ALC.


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Historique

En 1978, Dr. Michael Pariza, avec laide de Mark Cook de lUniversit of Wisconsin-Madison ont identifi pour la prmire fois le acide linoleique conjugu.

LALC a t caracteris dans les annes 1980 par un groupe de chercheurs quisintressaient aux composs carcinognes du boeuf grill. LALC a plutt rvl desproprits anticancreuses, ce qui a donn lieu de nombreuses recherches in vitro et surdes animaux.

Les supplments renfermant de l'ALC n'ont fait leur apparition que rcemment. Cescomposs ont d'abord servi en mdecine vtrinaire pour amliorer le rapport massemusculaire et masse adipeuse des animaux d'levage (plus de muscle, moins de gras). Encours de route, on s'est rendu compte qu'ils agissaient sur l'organisme la manire decertains mdicaments utiliss pour le traitement des diabtiques.

Bien sr, l'industrie laitire suit de prs ces recherches et envisage d'utiliser les ALCdans l'alimentation du btail afin de produire un lait moins gras et plus riche en ALC, maisprojette aussi de mettre sur le march des produits laitiers enrichis en ALC (DHIMAN, et al.,1999).

Sources alimentaires

Les produits laitiers, particulirement les fromages vieillis, sont relativement richesen ALC, soit en moyenne 5 mg/g de gras. Cependant, la teneur du lait peut variergrandement. Ainsi, plus les animaux se nourrissent dans les pturages (plutt que d'trenourris au foin ou la moule), plus leur lait contient d'ALC. Une augmentation de la teneuren acide linolique de leur alimentation (ajout d'huile de tournesol, de mas ou de soya)contribue galement hausser sensiblement la teneur en ALC de leur lait (DHIMAN, et al.,1999), et en plus en tude dmontre qui laugmentation de ALC dans lalimentation chez lavache cause une diminution du teneurs de matire grasse dans lait (JUN HO KIM, et al.,

2009). Au de l de a les procdes simples de lindustrie laitire- comme la fermentation,traitement la chaleur, stockage, affinage nont aucun effet sur la contenu CLA ou CLAisomres.

En plus, les produit laitires Bio / organique / Haute-Alpine contiennent une quantitde CLA plus important (REHBERGER, 2007).

LALC est prsent dans la viande et le lait des ruminants : boeuf, mouton, chvre.Bien que lalimentation soit la principale source dALC chez lhumain, il nexiste aucune basede donnes exhaustive sur le contenu en ALC des aliments.

Autre tude chez les poulets, (JUN HO KIM, et al., 2009), la supplmentation avecALC, a caus une augmentation du teneur dALC dans leurs oeufs.

Par ailleurs, il semble que l'organisme humain soit incapable de transformer l'acidelinolique de source vgtale en ALC, du moins en quantit significative. En Occident,l'alimentation habituelle (pour les non-vgtariens) ne fournirait que de 0,5 g 1 g d'ALC parjour, tandis que pour en tirer les bienfaits thrapeutiques qu'on lui attribue, il faudraitabsorber des quantits quotidiennes de l'ordre de 3,5 g 7 g.

La composition de l'ALC des aliments est diffrente de celle des supplments. Lesaliments contiennent gnralement les composs trans-10,cis-12 et cis-9,trans-11 dans une proportion respective de 70 % et 30 %, tandis que cette proportion peut varier dansles supplments : au cours de plusieurs tudes, on a utilis des supplments renfermant cesdeux composs parts gales.

L'ALC des supplments du commerce est gnralement issu d'une transformation enlaboratoire de l'huile de carthame, de tournesol ou de soya.


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Recommandation

Malgr que quelques effets bnficiaires de lALC sont aujourdhui bien connu, dansles 20 dernires annes on en consomme moins en moins. La principale cause cest leremplacement des les graisses animales par les graisses vgtales (GOLI, et al ., 2009).

En plus, au cours des dernires dcennies, on a recommand de diminuer l'apportalimentaire en graisses animales. Or, certains spcialistes se demandent si cettemodification du rgime alimentaire n'a pas pour effet d'entraner une diminution de l'apporten ALC et si la sant humaine pourrait s'en trouver affecte. Pour l'heure, on ne peut tireraucune conclusion importante quant ce que devrait tre l'apport idal en ALC dansl'alimentation. Aucune recommandation n'a t mise.

Posologie

Amlioration du rapport masse musculaire et masse adipeuseLes tudes cliniques ont donn des rsultats contradictoires. Des rsultats positifs ont

cependant t obtenus avec des dosages quotidiens variant de 3,5 g 7 g et administrs long terme.

Recherches

Rapport masse musculaire et masse adipeuse, et perte de poidsLes tudes sur les animaux dmontrent que l'ALC entrane une nette diminution de la

graisse corporelle au profit d'une augmentation de la masse musculaire. Les chercheurspensent que l'ALC, en rduisant lactivit dune enzyme, permettrait l'organisme de mieux brler ses graisses. Cependant, comme lont rapport les auteurs de plusieurssynthses, les essais cliniques mens sur des humains (17 tudes en tout jusquen 2005)ont donn des rsultats contradictoires (RAINER, et al., 2004). Notez que les techniques demesure utilises, les dosages administrs (de 1,7 g 7 g par jour) et la composition dessupplments ont vari dune tude lautre.

En 2004, deux tudes de plus grande envergure que celles effectues au cours desannes prcdentes arrivaient des conclusions diffrentes. Ainsi, au cours dune tude double insu avec placebo, la prise de 1,5 g ou de 3 g dALC durant 18 semaines na pas eudeffet statistiquement significatif sur la masse adipeuse et le poids des 81 participants(hommes et femmes dge moyen souffrant dembonpoint) (MALPUECH-BRUGER, et al.,2004). En revanche, au cours dun essai dun an sur 157 participants qui prsentaient unsurplus de poids, la prise de 4,5 g dALC a t plus efficace que la prise dun placebo auchapitre de la diminution de masse adipeuse. En un an, les sujets traits ont perdu de 1,7 kg

3 kg de gras, soit une diminution moyenne de 8 %. Ils ont aussi perdu un peu de poids, soitde 1,1 kg 3,7 kg, toujours sur une priode dun an (GAULLIER, et al., 2004). Le protocolede lessai ne comportait aucune restriction alimentaire ou augmentation de lactivitphysique.

Lorsque cette tude a t poursuivie au su (sans placebo) auprs de 134 sujets, ceuxqui avaient pris le placebo dans la premire phase de lessai ont vu leur masse adipeuse etleur poids diminuer avec la prise dALC. Chez les sujets qui avaient dj pris de lALC durantun an, on na observ aucune perte de poids, mais aucune reprise de poids non plus.

Rcemment (en mars 2006) des chercheurs ont voulu galement vrifier si la prisedALC aprs une perte de poids pouvait empcher ou rduire la reprise de poids ou demasse adipeuse. Ltude a port sur 101 sujets obses ayant perdu 8 % de leur poids et quiont ensuite pris durant un an, soit un placebo, soit 3,4 g dALC. LALC na pas fait mieux que

le placebo : les participants des deux groupes ont repris environ de 4 kg 5 kg de poids etde 2 kg 5 kg de gras aprs un an.


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Par ailleurs, comme les fabricants de supplments dALC ciblent les sportifs quiveulent augmenter leur masse musculaire, des chercheurs amricains ont vrifi l'effet de6 g par jour d'ALC sur 23 athltes de haut niveau suivant un entranement en endurance.Aprs 28 jours, les diffrents tests (rapport masse musculaire et masse adipeuse, et forcenotamment) n'ont pas permis de constater un effet significatif de l'ALC comparativement auplacebo. Il est possible que la dure de ltude ait t insuffisante pour obtenir un effet. Eneffet, une tude antrieure d'une dure de 12 semaines, ayant port sur 20 adultess'entranant pendant une heure et demie, trois fois par semaine, avait donn des rsultatsconcluants au chapitre de la diminution de la masse adipeuse (THOM, et al., 2001).- Remarque: La diminution du taux de graisse corporelle par la prise dALC ne fait pasperdre de poids de faon significative. Dans les tudes o il y a eu diminution de la masseadipeuse, dans la trs grande majorit des cas, la masse musculaire a augment enproportion gale.

Syndrome mtabolique et diabteLes rsultats d'tudes prliminaires menes sur des animaux ont rvl qu'une

supplmentation en ALC pouvait augmenter la rsistance l'insuline, un effet indsirable, ou

normaliser le mtabolisme du glucose, un effet bnfique. Cependant, au cours de certainestudes chez les humains, lALC na pas eu deffet bnfique sur le taux de glucose sanguin

(NOONE, et al., 2002). Au cours dun essai auprs de 32 sujets diabtiques, il a mme faitaugmenter le taux de glucose sanguin de ceux-ci et rduit leur sensibilit linsuline

(MOLONEY, et al., 2004).Selon les travaux de chercheurs sudois, cest le compos trans-10, cis-12 des

supplments dALC qui a cet effet indsirable. Il va lencontre de certains effetspotentiellement cardioprotecteurs de lALC (RISERUS, et al., 2002).

Rduction des taux de lipides sanguinsLes essais prliminaires mens sur des humains arrivent des rsultats

contradictoires : certaines tudes tendent dmontrer que l'ALC peut augmenter le taux de

bon cholestrol (HDL) (MOLONEY, et al., 2004), tandis que d'autres nont pas permis dedmontrer une telle action (NOONE, et al., 2002). De plus, dans certaines tudes, la prisedALC a entran une lgre baisse du taux de HDL (GAULLIER, et al., 2004 & RISERUS,et al., 2002).

Rcemment, les rsultats dune tude prliminaire croise de huit semaines chez ungroupe de 16 hommes affichant un surplus de poids ont rvl que la consommation debeurre enrichi en ALC navait eu aucun impact sur le profil lipidique.

Stimulation et modulation du systme immunitaireDes tudes in vitro et sur des animaux indiquent que lALC agit de faon positive sur

certains mcanismes de limmunit (OSHEA, et al., 2004). Cependant, les tudes sur leshumains effectues jusqu prsent ont donn des rsultats contradictoires.

Prcautions

AttentionEn l'absence de donnes toxicologiques compltes, on recommande aux femmes

enceintes, aux enfants et aux personnes souffrant de troubles hpatiques de ne pas excderla dose alimentaire normale d'ALC, soit environ 1 g par jour.

Contre-indicationsGrossesse et allaitement. Une tude a rapport que l'ALC traverse le placenta et peut

potentiellement provoquer une diminution du poids du nouveau-n (ELIAS, et al., 2001). Au


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cours dune tude rcente, un supplment de 1,5 mg d'ALC par jour a rduit la teneur engras du lait maternel (MASTERS, et al., 2002).

Effets indsirablesTroubles gastro-intestinaux lgers et fatigue.Au cours dun essai de huit semaines sur des sujets diabtiques, un supplment dALC

a fait augmenter le taux de sucre dans le sang et la rsistance linsuline (MOLONEY, et al.,2004).

Au cours dautres tudes, les chercheurs ont constat une augmentation de larsistance linsuline chez des sujets obses ayant pris un supplment dALC contenantuniquement le compos trans-10,cis-12 . Au cours dun de ces essais, ce compos agalement fait baisser lgrement le taux de bon cholestrol (HDL) (RISERUS, et al., 2002).

Un essai rcent sur 40 sujets a galement dmontr que la prise dun supplment ducommerce (4,5 g par jour) durant 12 semaines peut nuire la souplesse des artres(TAYLOR, et al., 2006).

Rfrences

DHIMAN, T. R.; ANAND, G.R.; SATTER, L.D.; PARIZA, M.W. Conjugated linoleic acidcontent of milk from cows fed different diets. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 82, n. 10, 1999.

ELIAS, S.L.; INNIS, S.M. Infant plasma trans, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids and conjugatedlinoleic acids are related to maternal plasma fatty acids, length of gestation, and birthweight and length.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, v. 73, n. 4, p. 807-814, 2001.

GAULLIER, J.M. ; HALSE, J.; HOYE, K.; KRISTIANSE, K.; FAGERTUN, H.; VIK, H.;GUDMUNDSEN, O. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fatmass in healthy overweight humans.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, v. 79, n. 6, p.

1118-1125, 2004.

GOLI, S. A. H. ; SAHRI, M. M. ; KADIVAR, M. ; KERAMAT, J. The production of anexperimental table margarine enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (cla): physicalproperties, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, v. 86, n. 5, p. 453-458, 2009.

JUN HO KING; WAN SIK JEONG, IN HO KIM, HYO-JIN KIM, SANG HO KIM, GEUN HOKANG, HONG-GU LEE, HO GUEN YOON, HEE-JIN HAM, YOUNG JUN KIM. Effect of anoil byproduct from conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) purification on CLA accumulationand lipogenic gene expression in broilers. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, v. 57,n. 6, p. 2397-2404, 2009.

JUN HO KIM, O-JUN KWON, NAG-JIN CHOI, SE JONG OH, HA-YEON JEONG, MAN-KANG SONG, INHYE JEONG, YOUNG JUN KIM. Variations in conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) content of processed cheese by lactation time, feeding regimen, and ripening .Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, v. 57, n. 8, p. 3235-3239, 2009.

MALPUECH-BRUGER, C.; VERBOEKET-VAN DE VENNE, W.P.H.G.; MENSIK, R.P.;ARNAL, M. A.; MORIO, B.; BRANDOLINI, M.; SAEBO, A.; LASSEL, T.S.; CHARDIGNY,J.M.; SEBEDIO, J.L.; BEAUFRERE, B. Effects of Two Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomerson Body Fat Mass in Overweight Humans. Obesity Research, v. 12, n. 4, p. 591-598,2004.

MASTERS, N.; MCGUIRE, M.A.; BEERMAN, K.A.; DASGUPTA, N.; MCGUIRE, M.K.Maternal supplementation with CLA decreases milk fat in humans. Lipids, v. 3, n. 2,p.133-138, 2002.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Dhiman%20TR%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Anand%20GR%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Satter%20LD%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Pariza%20MW%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11908905&dopt=Abstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Dhiman%20TR%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Anand%20GR%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Satter%20LD%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Pariza%20MW%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11908905&dopt=Abstract


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MOLONEY, F.; YEOW, T.P.; MULLEN, A.; NOLAN, J.J.;ROCHE, H.M. Conjugated linoleicacid supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients withtype 2 diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, v. 80, n. 4, p. 887-895,2004.

NOONE, E.J. ; ROCHE, H.M. ; NUGENT, A.P. ; GIBNEY, M.J. The effect of dietarysupplementation using isomeric blends of conjugated linoleic acid on lipidmetabolism in healthy human subjects.British Journal of Nutrition, v. 88, n. 3, p. 243-251,2002.OSHEA, M.; BASSAGANYA-RIERA, J.; MOHEDE, I.C.M. Immunomodulatory propertiesof conjugated linoleic acid.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, v. 79, n. 6, p. 1199-1206,2004.

RAINER, L.; HEISS, C. Conjugated linoleic acid: health implications and effects onbody composition. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, v. 104, n. 6, p. 963-968,2004.

BRITA REHBERGER, ALP: Processing procedure to maintain or enhance the content ofconjugated linoleic acids (LCA) in dairy products, BioFach 2007, Nrnberg, 15.Februar 2007

RISERUS U.;ARNER P.; BRISMAR, K.; VESSBY, B. Treatment With Dietary trans10cis12Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Isomer-Specific Insulin Resistance in Obese MenWith the Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Care, v. 25, n. 9, p. 1516-1521, 2002.

TAYLOR, J.S.; WILLIAMS, S.R.; RHYS, R.; JAMES, P.; FRENNEAUX, M.P. Conjugatedlinoleic acid impairs endothelial function. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and VascularBiology, v. 26, n. 2, p. 307-401, 2006.

THOM, E.; WADSTEIN, J.; GUDMUNDSEN, O. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces BodyFat in Healthy Exercising Humans. The Journal of International Medical Research, v.29, n.5, p. 392-396, 2001.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Ris%C3%A9rus%20U%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Arner%20P%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Brismar%20K%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Vessby%20B%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Ris%C3%A9rus%20U%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Arner%20P%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Brismar%20K%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Vessby%20B%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstract


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Annexes

Liste des tudes rcentes sur le sujet, ce qui nous montre une interet vers les ALCs.

On peut remarquer aussi les sujet detudes sont tres troit dog food, vache, .

Cannella C and Giusti AM (2000) Conjugated linoleic acid: a natural anticarcinogenic

substance from animal food. Ital. J Food Sc, 12:123-27

Lawson, RE, Moss, AR & Givens, DI (2001) The role of dairy products in supplying

conjugated linoleic acid to man's diet: a review. Nutrition Research Reviews 14, 153-

172

Stanley, J & Hunter, K (2001) The wonder nutrient. Chemistry and Industry, 19th

November, 729-731

http://www.vitaminlady.com/articles/CLA.asp

Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition in mice

Yeonhwa Park1, 3, Karen J. Albright1, 3, Wei Liu1, 3, Jayne M. Storkson1, 3, Mark E. Cook1, 2, 3 and Michael W. Pariza1, 3

(1) Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706 Madison, Wisconsin

(2) Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706 Madison, Wisconsin

(3) Food Research Institute, 1925 Willow Drive, 53706 Madison, WI

Received: 17 January 1997 Revised: 6 June 1997 Accepted: 6 June 1997

Abstract The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on body composition were investigated. ICR mice were fed a control dietcontaining 5.5% corn oil or a CLA-supplemented diet (5.0% corn oil plus 0.5% CLA). Mice fed CLA-supplemented diet exhibited57% and 60% lower body fat and 5% and 14% increased lean body mass relative to controls (P


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Variations in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of processed cheese by lactation time, feeding regimen, and ripening.SourceJournal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry. 57, (8): 3235-3239, 2009.Subject HeadingsCLAFEEDINGLACTATIONPROCESSED CHEESE

CHEESE VARIETIESFEEDSLINOLEIC ACIDRIPENINGSCIENCE

AbstractDairy products are major sources of CLA; thus, an increase in CLA content can improve the quality value of dairy products. Theobjective of this work was to determine the effects of lactation time, feeding regimen, and ripening period on the level of CLA inprocessed cheese. CLA content in milk varied with the period of lactation; high in spring (April and May, about 6.8 mg CLA/g fat)and relatively low in mid summer and winter (about 4.3 mg CLA/g fat). The effects of dietary regimen and ripening period weredetermined in milk, which was obtained from March to May. After ageing for 4 months, the cheese made from milk obtainedfrom cows fed on pasture contained relatively higher levels of CLA compared to cheese made from milk obtained from cows fedindoors (8.12 mg CLA/g fat vs 6.76 mg CLA/g fat), but there was no difference in 7 month-aged cheeses. In both pasture andindoor feeding, 7 month-aged cheeses showed higher CLA content than 4 month-aged cheeses. The contents of !stearic acid (C18:0) and linolenic acid (C18:3) were significantly higher in cheese from pasture fed cows compared to those incows fed indoors. These findings should be helpful for the efficient production of functional dairy products with high CLA

contents.SearchResultsFood Science and Technology Abstracts 1969 to 2009 June Week 1Results of your search: from 6 [CLA {No Related Terms}] keep 1, 3, 5, 7-9, 11-12, 22-23...Results Available: 17Results Displayed: 1-17Result 1.

Score

Accession Number 2009-Na1061

Author Roy, B. D., Antolic, A.

Author's Address

Cent. for Muscle Metabolism & Biphysics, Fac. of Applied Health Sci., Brock Univ., St. Catherines, Ont.

L2S 3A1, Canada. Fax 9905-688-8364. E-mail [email protected]

Information72 ref.

Title Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and bone health: a review.

Source Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research. 7, (1): 27-36, 2009.

Publication Type Review

Subject Headings

BONE HEALTHCLAHEALTHLINOLEIC ACIDREVIEWS

Section/Subsection Fats, oils and margarine, General aspects

AbstractStudies examining the effect of CLA on bone health are reviewed with particular reference to: structureand sources of CLA; the potential influence of CLA on bone biology and metabolism (in vitro models,animal models, human trials); and safety of CLA.

ISSN 1540-7535

Language English

Year of Publication 2009

Entry Week 2009061

* Copyright 2009 International Food Information Service (IFIS Publishing). All Rights Reserved. *

Result 2.

Score

Accession Number 2009-Pj2196

AuthorJun Ho Kim, O-Jun Kwon, Nag-Jin Choi, Se Jong Oh, Ha-Yeon Jeong, Man-Kang Song, Inhye Jeong,Young Jun Kim

Author's Address Correspondence address, Young Jun Kim, Dep. of Food & Biotech., Coll. of Sci. & Tech., Korea Univ.,
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Korea. Tel. +82-41-860-1435. Fax +82-41-865-0220. E-mail

[email protected]

ReferenceInformation

32 ref.

TitleVariations in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of processed cheese by lactation time, feedingregimen, and ripening.

Source Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry. 57, (8): 3235-3239, 2009.

Publication Type Journal Article

Subject Headings

CLAFEEDINGLACTATIONPROCESSED CHEESECHEESE VARIETIESFEEDSLINOLEIC ACIDRIPENINGSCIENCE

Section/Subsection Milk and dairy products, Cheese

Abstract

Dairy products are major sources of CLA; thus, an increase in CLA content can improve the quality valueof dairy products. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of lactation time, feedingregimen, and ripening period on the level of CLA in processed cheese. CLA content in milk varied with theperiod of lactation; high in spring (April and May, about 6.8 mg CLA/g fat) and relatively low in mid summerand winter (about 4.3 mg CLA/g fat). The effects of dietary regimen and ripening period were determined

in milk, which was obtained from March to May. After ageing for 4 months, the cheese made from milkobtained from cows fed on pasture contained relatively higher levels of CLA compared to cheese madefrom milk obtained from cows fed indoors (8.12 mg CLA/g fat vs 6.76 mg CLA/g fat), but there was nodifference in 7 month-aged cheeses. In both pasture and indoor feeding, 7 month-aged cheeses showedhigher CLA content than 4 month-aged cheeses. The contents of stearic acid (C18:0) and linolenic acid(C18:3) were significantly higher in cheese from pasture fed cows compared to those in cows fed indoors.These findings should be helpful for the efficient production of functional dairy products with high CLAcontents.

ISSN 0021-8561

Language English


Entry Week 2009054


Result 3.

Score

Accession Number 2009-Nc0968

Author Goli, S. A. H., Sahri, M. M., Kadivar, M., Keramat, J.

Author's AddressDepartment of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology,

84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran. Tel. +98311-3913382. Fax +98311-3912254. [email protected]

TitleThe production of an experimental table margarine enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (cla): physicalproperties.

Source Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 86, (5): 453-458, 2009.


Subject Headings

CLAPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIESSTRUCTURED LIPIDSLINOLEIC ACIDLIPIDSMARGARINESPHYSICAL PROPERTIESSTORAGE

Section/Subsection Fats, oils and margarine, Margarines and fatty spreads

Abstract

Even though conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known to have some beneficial effects on the human body,its consumption has decreased over the past 20 years due to the replacement of animal fats by vegetableoils. In this study, using the structured lipid (SL) containing CLA, an experimental table margarine enrichedwith CLA was produced and stored for 3 months at two temperatures prior to performing the relevantanalyses. The GC results showed that the margarine fat had 10.6% CLA. The solid fat content was thehighest in week 0 in all samples, which then decreased during storage but the hardness increased. Anincrement in dropping point was also observed in the samples. In week 0, all the samples had the beta'

crystal as the predominant crystal form but a crystal transformation from beta' to beta was observed duringstorage. (c)AOCS 2009.

ISSN 0003-021X
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


10/18

Language English


Entry Week 2009052

* Copyright 2009 International Food Information Service (IFIS Publishing). Al l Rights Reserved. *

Result 4.

Score

Accession Number 2009-Sn1956

AuthorJun Ho Kim, Wan Sik Jeong, In Ho Kim, Hyo-Jin Kim, Sang Ho Kim, Geun Ho Kang, Hong-Gu Lee, HoGuen Yoon, Hee-Jin Ham, Young Jun Kim

Author's Address

Correspondence address, Young Jun Kim, Dep. of Food & Biotech., Coll. of Sci. & Tech., Korea Univ.,Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Korea. Tel. +82-41-860-1435. Fax +82-41-865-0220. E-mail

[email protected]


33 ref.

TitleEffect of an oil byproduct from conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) purification on CLA accumulation andlipogenic gene expression in broilers.



Subject Headings

CLABY-PRODUCTSCHICKEN MEATCHICKENSLINOLEIC ACID

Section/Subsection Meat poultry and game, Poultry and products

Abstract

A previous study showed that supplementing broilers (chickens) with an oil by-product obtained during thepurification process of CLA from safflower oil could result in CLA-enriched egg yolks more efficiently thanfeeding purified CLA (free fatty acid form). On this basis, this study evaluated whether dietary CLA by-product (CBP) supplementation would enhance CLA accumulation in broiler muscle and its lipogenicmRNA expression in the liver. A total of 456 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4groups, each of which was given 1 of the following 2% dietary supplements for 4 wk: soybean oil (control),safflower oil (SAF), purified CLA and CBP. During the feeding trial, little alteration in broiler performance

was observed among the test groups. CLA accumulation efficiency in the breast muscle did not differsignificantly between the CLA- and CBP-fed groups after feeding of the test diet for 3 wk. CLAsupplementation also induced lipogenesis in the livers of the broilers, and it significantly increased therelative mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), as well as its target genes:fatty acid synthase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (P < 0.05). However, in the CBP-fed group,SREBP1 and ACC mRNA levels were not significantly different from the controls (P > 0.05). These resultssuggest that CBP could be an efficient dietary source that promotes CLA accumulation in broiler musclewithout inducing lipogenesis in the liver or compromising performance and meat quality in the birds.

ISSN 0021-8561

Language English


Entry Week 2009044


Result 5.

Score

Accession Number 2009-Nv0896

Author Haraldsson, G. G., Jerome, D., Saebo, A., Skarie, C.

Corporate Authors Aker Biomarine ASA


US 042538 (19980317) [Aker Biomarine ASA, Norway]

Title Triacylglycerols of enriched CLA content.

Source United States Patent. US 7 514 096 B2; 2009.

Publication Type Patent

Subject Headings CLATRIACYLGLYCEROLSLINOLEIC ACID


11/18

PATENTSTRIGLYCERIDES

Section/Subsection Fats, oils and margarine, Patents

Patent Number US 7 514 096 B2

AbstractNovel acylglycerides are disclosed comprising mono-, di- and triacylglycerides characterized bypredominantly containing the CLA t9,c11- and c10,t12 octadecadienoic acids to the exclusion of 11,13-,8,10- and trans,trans isomers.

Language EnglishYear of Publication 2009

Entry Week 2009044


Result 6.

Score

Accession Number 2009-Pe1648

Author Hennessy, A. A., Ross, R. P., Devery, R., Stanton, C.

Author's Address Correspondence address, C. Stanton, Moorepark Food Res. Cent., Teagasc, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Republicof Ireland. E-mail [email protected]


38 ref.

Title Optimization of a reconstituted skim milk based medium for enhanced CLA production by bifidobacteria.

Source Journal of Applied Microbiology. 106, (4): 1315-1327, 2009.


Subject Headings

BIFIDOBACTERIUM BREVECLASKIM MILKBIFIDOBACTERIUMBIOCONVERSIONSISOMERSLINOLEIC ACIDMILK

Section/Subsection Milk and dairy products, Market milk

Abstract

This study sought to determine the effect of a range of supplements on the bioconversion of linoleic acidto CLA by Bifidobacterium breve NCIMB 702258 in reconstituted skim milk (RSM). 7 supplements (yeastextract, casein hydrolysate, tryptone, L-cysteine hydrochloride, sodium acetate, sodium butyrate andsodium propionate) were identified as increasing the bioconversion of linoleic acid to c9, t11 CLA. Usingthese supplements, the percentage bioconversion of linoleic acid (0.35 mg/ml) to the c9, t11 CLA isomerwas elevated from 15.5 +or- 1.1% in 20% RSM (w/v) to 48.1 +or- 2.2% in the supplemented RSM.Through additional supplementation of 20 mg/ml inulin and optimization of inoculum and linoleic acidconcn., the percentage bioconversion to c9, t11 CLA was increased to 55.0 +or- 3.2%. It is concluded thatthrough supplementation, the concn. of CLA produced by bifidobacteria in RSM can be increased to levelscomparable to those observed in the synthetic medium cys-MRS.

ISSN 1364-5072

Language English


Entry Week 2009042


Result 7.

Score

Accession Number 2009-Aj2430

Author Hughes, K.

Title Science-supported CLA efficacy.

Source Prepared Foods. 178, (1): 139, 2009.


Subject Headings

CLA

HEALTHLINOLEIC ACID

Section/Subsection Food Sciences, Compositional and nutritional aspects


12/18

AbstractHealth benefits of CLA are discussed with respect to research studies, abil ity to counter inflammation, andproducts containing CLA.

ISSN 0747-2536

Language English


Entry Week 2009041


Result 8.

Score

Accession Number 2009-Pa1278

Author Jing Li, Yawei Fan, Zhiwu Zhang, Hai Yu, Yin An, Kramer, J. K. G., Zeyuan Deng

Author's Address

Correspondence address, Zeyuan Deng, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute forAdvanced Study, University of Nanchang, 235, Nanjing East Road, 330047, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. E-

[email protected]

TitleEvaluating the trans fatty acid, CLA, PUFA and erucic acid diversity in human milk from five regions inChina.

Source Lipids. 44, (3): 257-271, 2009.


Subject Headings

CHINACLAERUCIC ACIDHUMAN MILKPUFATRANS FATTY ACIDSWOMENDIETFATTY ACIDSLINOLEIC ACIDMILKPOPULATION GROUPS

Section/Subsection Milk and dairy products, General aspects

Abstract

Human milk was obtained from 97 healthy lactating women from five different regions in China. Twenty-four hour dietary questionnaire identified the foods consumed that showed distinct differences in food typesbetween cities. The southern and central regions had higher levels of total trans fatty acids (TFA) andconjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in human milk than the northern region. The major isomers in human milkfrom the northern region were vaccenic and rumenic acids, whereas the other regions had a randomdistribution of these isomers. This was consistent with the isomer distribution in the refined vegetable oilsused and their increased formation during high temperature stir-frying. The human milk compositionshowed little evidence that partially hydrogenated fats were consumed, except eight mothers inGuangzhou who reported eating crackers, plus four other mothers. The TFA concentration in these humanmilk samples was higher (2.06-3.96%). The amount of n-6 (1.70-2.24%) and n-3 (0.60-1.47%) highlyunsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in human milk and the resultant ratio (1.43-2.95) showed all mothers inChina had an adequate supply of HUFA in their diet. Rapeseed oil was consumed evidenced by erucicacids in human milk. The levels of erucic acid were below internationally accepted limits for humanconsumption. The levels of undesirable TFA and CLA isomers in human milk are a concern. Efforts todecrease the practice of high temperature stir-frying using unsaturated oils, and a promotion to increaseconsumption of dairy and ruminant products should be considered in China. (c)AOCS 2009.

ISSN 0024-4201Language English


Entry Week 2009032


Result 9.

Score


Author Park, Y., Pariza, M. W., Park, Y.

Author's AddressDep. of Food Sci., Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002, USA. E-mail

[email protected]


13/18


many ref.

Title Cosupplementation of dietary calcium and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) improves bone mass in mice.

Source Journal of Food Science. 73, (7): C556-C560, 2008.


Subject Headings

ANIMAL MODELSBONE HEALTH

CACLACALCIUMHEALTHLINOLEIC ACID


Abstract

CLA has shown a variety of biologically beneficial effects, such as anticancer, antiatherosclerosis,antidiabetic, immunomodulating, and antiobesity effects. Its effects on reduction of body fat occur withenhancement of lean body mass and body ash; the effects of CLA on bone mass are inconsistent in miceand human studies. It was hypothesized that the inconsistency of the effect of CLA on ash may be linkedto interaction between CLA and dietary Ca levels. In order to evaluate this possible interaction, previousstudies, which used mice fed 0.5% CLA-containing diet with regular Ca content (0.5%) or enhanced Calevel (0.66%), were reanalysed. Extra Ca in the diet improved the effects of CLA on bone mass,particularly in male mice (P = 0.0194); without extra dietary Ca, there was no effect of CLA on bone mass.It is suggested that this finding may help improve the efficacy of CLA to be used as a dietary supplementas part of an osteoporosis prevention strategy. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.

ISSN 0022-1147Language English


Entry Week 2008104


Result 10.

Score


Author Ferramosca, A., Savy, V., Conte, L., Zara, V.

Author's AddressCorrespondence address, V. Zara, Dep. of Biol. & Environmental Sci. & Tech., Univ. of Salento, I-73100

Lecce, Italy. Tel. +39-0832-298705. Fax +39-0832-298626. E-mail [email protected]


30 ref.

TitleDietary combination of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and pine nut oil prevents CLA-induced fatty liver inmice.



Subject Headings

ANIMAL MODELSCLAHYPOLIPAEMIC ACTIVITYPINE NUTSVEGETABLE OILSHEALTH

LINOLEIC ACIDNUTSOILS VEGETABLE


Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) strongly prevents fat accumulation in adipose tissue of mice, even ifhepatic fat deposition and insulin resistance are concomitantly observed. This study investigated thepossibility of maintaining the antiadiposity properties of CLA while preventing adverse effects such ashepatic steatosis and hyperinsulinaemia. To this end, mice were divided into 3 groups and fed a standarddiet (control) or a diet supplemented with 1% CLA (CLA) or a mixture of 1% CLA + 7.5% pine nut oil (CLA+ P). The combination of CLA + P preserved the CLA-mediated antiadiposity properties (70% fatreduction), preventing hepatic steatosis and a sharp increase in plasma insulin concn. starting from the8th wk of CLA treatment. Assay of both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the CLA + P mice revealed atime-dependent biphasic behaviour of the corresponding enzymic activities. A sudden change in thesemetabolic events was indeed found at the 8th wk. A strong correlation between the changes in keyenzymes of lipid metabolism and insulin levels was apparent in CLA-fed mice. Furthermore, lower levels oflipids, in comparison to values found in CLA-fed mice, were observed in the hepatic tissue and plasma of

CLA + P-fed animals.ISSN 0021-8561

Language English


14/18


Entry Week 2008103


Result 11.

Score

Accession Number 2008-Pe2544

AuthorRego, O. A., Rosa, H. J. D., Regalo, S. M., Alves, S. P., Alfaia, C. M. M., Prates, J. A. M., Vouzela, C. M.,Bessa, R. J. B.

Author's AddressCITAA, Dep. de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. dos Acores, 9701-851 Angra Heroismo, Portugal. E-mail

[email protected]


24 ref.

Title Seasonal changes of CLA isomers and other fatty acids of milk fat from grazing dairy herds in the Azores.

Source Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture. 88, (10): 1855-1859, 2008.


Subject Headings

CLAFEEDINGFATTY ACIDSFEEDSLINOLEIC ACIDMILKSEASON

Section/Subsection Milk and dairy products, Market milk

Abstract

Effects of season on the fatty acid composition of bulk milk samples from the Azores (Portugal) werestudied with particular reference to CLA isomers. Samples were obtained from 12 Holstein dairy herdsgrazing on pasture with supplementation with corn silage + concentrate in winter and concentrate inspring. Results showed that season influenced the fatty acid composition of milk, with spring milk having abetter fatty acid profile in terms of consumer health, including higher concn. of rumenic acid (cis-9,trans-11-CLA) and linolenic acid and decreased concn. of palmitic acid compared with winter milk. C18:2 n-6/C18:3 n-3 ratio was also lower in spring milk (P < 0.05).

ISSN 0022-5142

Language EnglishYear of Publication 2008

Entry Week 2008083


Result 12.

Score

AccessionNumber

2008-Wd0133

Author Nunes, E. A., Bonatto, S. J., Oliveira, H. H. P. de, Rivera, N. L. M., Maiorka, A., Krabbe, E. L., Tanhoffer, R. A.,Fernandes, L. C.

Author'sAddress

Dep. de Fisiologia, Cent. Politec., Jardim das Americas, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Tel./fax +55 41

33611784. E-mail [email protected]


34 ref.

TitleThe effect of dietary supplementation with 9-cis:12-trans and 10-trans:12-cis conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) fornine months on serum cholesterol, lymphocyte proliferation and polymorphonuclear cells function in Beagle dogs.

Source Research in Veterinary Science. 84, (1): 62-67, 2008.

PublicationType

Journal Article

SubjectHeadings

CLADOG FOODSDOGSLEUKOCYTES

BLOODCELLSCHOLESTEROL
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


15/18

LINOLEIC ACIDPET FOODSPETS

Abstract

Effects of feeding CLA-supplemented dog foods to beagles were investigated upon blood cholesterol,lymphocyte proliferation and function of polymorphonuclear cells. Supplemental 9-cis:11-trans and 10-trans:12-cis CLA were fed for 9 months and the dogs receiving this diet were compared with control animals receivingunsupplemented dog food. Polymorphonuclear cells were isolated from blood samples taken from the dogs andassayed for phagocytic activity, lysosome content and production of superoxide anions. Lymphocytes were also

isolated and a lymphocyte proliferation capacity assay was performed. Polymorphonuclear cell parameters werenot affected significantly by feeding CLA-supplemented dog food, but the capacity of lymphocytes for mitosis wasincreased by 45%. Biochemical analysis revealed that total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterolwere 34, 28 and 28% lower, respectively, in dogs fed CLA. Results indicate that the lipid profile of dogs may bemodified by feeding CLA without altering inflammatory function.

ISSN 0034-5288

Language English

Year ofPublication

2008

Entry Week 2008065


Result 13.

Score

Accession Number 2008-Ne1026

Author Goli, S. A. H., Kadivar, M., Keramat, J., Fazilati, M.

Author's AddressCorrespondence address, M. Kadivar, Dep. of Food Sci. & Tech., Coll. of Agric., Isfahan Univ. of Tech.,

Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran. Fax +98-31-13912254. [email protected]

TitleConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production and lipase-catalyzed interesterification of purified CLA withcanola oil.

Source European Journal of Lipid Science & Technology. 110, (5): 400-404, 2008.


Subject Headings

CLAINTERESTERIFICATION

SAFFLOWER OILSCRYSTALLIZATIONESTERIFICATIONISOMERIZATIONLINOLEIC ACIDOILS VEGETABLEPURIFICATIONRAPESEED OILS

Section/Subsection Fats, oils and margarine, Vegetable oils and fats

Abstract

Production and purification of 2 CLA isomers and their incorporation into rapeseed oil are reported. Theisomers, cis9,trans11- and trans10,cis12-CLA, were produced via alkali isomerization of safflower oil, andpurified using a single step process involving urea crystallization. Lipase-catalysed interesterificationbetween rapeseed oil and the 2 CLA isomers was performed for 48 h using a fungal lipase (fromThermomyces lanuginosus). Under these conditions, the CLA content of the triacylglycerols fraction of theoil reached 26.6 mol-%. In addition, CLA incorporation led to an alteration of the physicochemicalproperties of this fraction.

ISSN 1438-7697

Language English


Entry Week 2008063


Result 14.

Score

Accession Number 2008-Pa1032

Author Silva Hernandez, E. R., Suarez Jacome, M. M., Guadalupe Herrera Lee, R., Nakano, T., Ozimek, L.,Verdalet Guzman, I.

Author's Address Univ. Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


16/18


25 ref.

TitleHigh conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in milk and dairy products using a dietary supplementation ofsunflower seed in cows. Thrombogenic/atherogenic risk issues.

Source Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion. 57, (2): 173-178, 2007.


Subject Headings

BUTTER OILS

CLAFEEDINGVACCENIC ACIDBUTTERCREAMFATS MILKFATTY ACIDSFEEDSLINOLEIC ACIDMILK

Section/Subsection Milk and dairy products, General aspects

Abstract

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with sunflower seeds incattle on the chemical composition of milk and dairy products. Cream, butter and butter oil were preparedfrom milk produced by cows fed a control diet (control products) or diet supplemented with 11.2%sunflower seed (CLA-rich products). Milk samples were determined for lactose. A sample of CLA-rich orcontrol products was determined for fatty acid profile as well as fat, protein and ash contents. The index of

atherogenicity (IA) and the index of thrombogenicity (IT) were also calculated. Results revealed that therewas no effect of the inclusion of sunflower seed in the feed on the lactose content in milk, and total fat,protein and ash contents in the dairy products. Average contents of CLA and trans-vaccenic acid (TVA),expressed as g/100g total fatty acids, were 0.54 and 1.6, respectively, in the control products, and 2 and6.4, respectively, in the CLA-rich products. Moreover, CLA-rich products showed considerably low IA andIT, which were, respectively, 38.4 and 25.0% less than those from control products. Fatty acid profileswere unaffected during processing, which demonstrates that CLA is a stable component in the dairyproducts analysed. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of sunflower seed in cows increases theCLA and TVA contents in milk, which may contribute to the reduction of the risk of cardiovasculardiseases in humans.

ISSN 0004-0622

Language Spanish

Language ofSummary

English


Entry Week 2008024* Copyright 2007 International Food Information Service (IFIS Publishing). All Rights Reserved. *

Result 15.

Score


Author Park, Y., Albright, K. J., Storkson, J. M., Liu, W., Pariza, M. W.

Author's Address Dep. of Food Sci., Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. E-mail [email protected]


43 ref.

Title Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) prevents body fat accumulation and weight gain in an animal model.

Source Journal of Food Science. 72, (8): S612-S617, 2007.


Subject Headings

ANIMAL MODELSBODY WT.CLA

ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERSLINOLEIC ACID


Abstract CLA has been shown to reduce body fat and increase lean body mass in mice, rats and pigs. A recenthuman trial indicated that CLA may work more effectively if used for prevention of body fat deposition andwt. gain. To test this hypothesis, 2 experiments were conducted using relatively old mice (older than 6months): experiment 1 involved supplementation of CLA during dietary restriction; and experiment 2supplementation during ad libitum feeding followed by restriction. In experiment 1, there were significanteffects of diet restriction and CLA supplementation on body composition, while CLA decreased body fat

content in ad libitum diet but not significantly during diet restriction. In experiment 2, CLA fed animals hadbody wt. similar to restricted animals and CLA significantly reduced body fat (significantly lower than priorto and post restriction, or pair fed). This suggests that CLA exerted modulation of body fat independent of
http://umass.edu/http://umass.edu/http://umass.edu/


17/18

reduced food intake. Based on these results, it is concluded that CLA may be more effective at protectingagainst fat mass regain following wt. loss than as a wt. loss treatment.

ISSN 0022-1147

Language English


Entry Week 2007121


Result 16.

Score


Author Iwata, T., Kamegai, T., Yamauchi-Sato, Y., Ogawa, A., Kasai, M., Aoyama, T., Kondo, K.

Author's AddressHealth Foods Dep., Nisshin OilliO Group Ltd., 23-1, 1-chome, Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8285,

Japan. [email protected]


31 ref.

Title Safety of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in a 12-weeks trial in healthy overweight Japanese malevolunteers.

Source Journal of Oleo Science. 56, (10): 517-525, 2007.


Subject Headings

BODY MASS INDEXCLAHEPATOTOXICITYJAPANMEN

ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERSFOOD SAFETYLINOLEIC ACIDPOPULATION GROUPSTOXICITY


Abstract

Short-term safety of dietary CLA was investigated in overweight Japanese male volunteers. A randomized,double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted which included 60 healthy overweight volunteers(body mass index (BMI), 25-35 kg/m2). Volunteers were randomly assigned to 3 groups, receiving: 5.4 gCLA-triacylglycerol (3.4 g as CLA), 10.8 g CLA-triacylglycerol (6.8 g as CLA) and placebo (10.8 gsafflower oil) daily for 12 wk. CLA-triaclyglycerol contained 9cis,11trans- and 10trans,12cis-isomers inequal amounts. Safety was evaluated by analyses of blood parameters and clinical examinations atbaseline, and at 6 and 12 wk, including vital s igns and adverse effects. All subjects completed the study.The occurrence of adverse events tended to be higher in the CLA groups than in the placebo group, butall of the adverse events were mild to moderate, within normal ranges, and temporary. Serum aspartateaminotransferase (AST) activity did not differ significantly between the groups at 12 wk, but in the highCLA group it was slightly increased from the baseline. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity washigher in the high CLA group than in the placebo group after 12 weeks and was higher than at thebaseline in both CLA groups. However, statistical analysis of the population of apparently healthyvolunteers who had normal blood parameters at baseline revealed that AST and ALT levels did not differsignificantly among the 3 groups at 12 wk. Moreover, no clinically significant changes in vital signs wereobserved in any of the groups. These results indicate that CLA at a dose of 3.4 g/day is a safe dietarylevel for the healthy Japanese population in terms of the parameters examined.

ISSN 1345-8957

Language English


Entry Week 2007121


Result 17.

Score


Author Silveira, M. B., Carraro, R., Monereo, S., Tebar, J.

Author's AddressServicio de Endocrinologa y Nutr., Hospital Univ. de La Princesa, Diego de Leon, 62. 28006 Madrid,

Spain. E-mail [email protected]


18/18


many ref.

Title Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and obesity.

Source Description ) 1181-1186

Source Public Health Nutrition. 10, 2007.

Publication Type Review

Subject Headings

CLA

METABOLIC SYNDROMEOBESITYDISEASESLINOLEIC ACIDREVIEWS


Abstract

The term CLA refers to several positional and geometric conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid (LA),of which the trans-10,cis-12 isomer has been reported to reduce adiposity and increase lean mass in miceand other animals when included at 90%of the total CLA intake. Commercial CLA preparations containing trans-10,cis-12 and cis-9,trans-11 CLAisomers in diverse proportions, are attracting consumer interest because of the purported body fat-lowering effects of CLA, coupled to perception of such products as natural compounds, devoid of harmfuleffects. Nevertheless, despite numerous studies on CLA effects on body composition for nearly a decade,the mechanisms by which CLA isomers elicit their effects remain largely unknown. The purpose of thispaper is to provide an updated literature review of the studies performed on animals and humans, as well

as to describe the potential mechanisms involved in CLA effects on body wt. and composition andmetabolism. Experiments in humans have not been able to show a significant effect on body wt., bodycomposition or wt. regain related to either of the CLA isomers. In fact, some studies suggest a tendencytowards a decrease in body fat mass and an increase in body lean mass, while some others raise concernabout the possibility of deleterious effects of trans-10,cis-12 CLA on lipid profiles, glucose metabolism andinsulin sensitivity. It is concluded that the evidence currently available regarding the effectiveness of CLAin humans is unconvincing.

ISSN 1368-9800

Language English


Entry Week 2007113


CLA Rapport Final Avec Annexes

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