2.0

CelluloseIFilaments

Aalto:MeriLundhalVilleKlarLingWangPetriKuosmanenOrlandoRojas

Cellulose exhibition 18.05.2016

VTT:TiiaTenhunenHilleRautkoskiKariKammiovirtaVuokkoLiukkonenVilleKlarTeklaTammelinAliHarlinHannesOrelma

Can we use cellulose’s aspect ratio in material assembly?

CellulosicFibers

mm

Nanocellulose(CNF)

µm-nm

DissolvedCellulose

nm-Å

Woodlogs/Gmber

m

Length of wood fibers limits the use of mechanical yarn manufacturing methods

CellulosecomprehensivechemistryI(1998)

Fiberorienta5onisrequiredforachievingcon5nuouswoodfiberyarn!

ByWikipedista:Ryj-Ownwork,PublicDomain,hOps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2230538

•  Createsimpleandinexpensivefibreyarnmanufacturingtechnique•  RetaintheoriginalcelluloseIstructureàintrinsicproperGesofwoodfibres•  Fewprocessingsteps

Are all fibers made equal?

30x21cm

3mmx30µm

5x5µm

1x1µm

Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNF)

2D and 1D structures

Wetspinningver.1:CNF-basedfilaments

Håkanssonetal.,NatureCommunica:ons5:4018(2014).doi:10.1038/ncomms5018

Nanofibrils in focused flow

(TO-)CNF

An5-solvent

Filament

WatersensiGvityincreasedbyhighsurfacearea(aspectraGo)andcharge

Needtocontrolinterac5onswithwater

TO-CNF,dryCNF,dry

TO-CNF,dryCNF,wetTemporalwetstrengthviasurfacemodificaGonand

dopeformulaGon

Wetspinningver.2:FilamentsfromCNF(co-axial)

(Patentpending)

MeriLundhalVilleKlarLingWangMarikoAgo

Polymerjet

Winder

Hydrogel

(visitourposter)

ConducGve/MagnetoacGveCoaxialFilaments

3DPrinGng

WetSpinn

ing

TeroKämäräinenMaryamBorhei

Flow orientation & spinning with salt

Wood fibres (flow-orientated) Salt: aggregation & precipitation into wet ribbon

ThomasWidmaier,Aalto

YinfengShen,VTT

Koskinenetal.DeviceforconGnuouscelluloseyarndryingandforming,9thInternaGonalDAAAMBalGcConference"Industrialengineering”24-26April2014,Tallinn,Estonia

WO2013034814,Methodforthemanufactureoffibrousyarn,fibrousyarnanduseofthefibrousyarn,VTT,Jyväskylä,Finland,(Salmela,J.Kiiskinen,H.Oksanen,A.),WO2012FI5087720120910,14.03.2013,18p.

1.  Fibresuspensionwithrheologymodifiers2.  Saltwater3.  Gelyarn.

DWOC1ThomasWidmaier,Aalto

IndustrializedthroughDWOC1Spin-off(SpinnovaLtd.)

1 3

Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) for filaments (DWOC2gen2 technology)

DES-chemicals are •  cheap and non-toxic •  recyclable and reusable in the

process.

Cholinechloride Urea1:2moleraGo

302°C 133°C12°CMp.

11

•  EutecGcmixturescomposedoftwoorthreecomponentswithalowermelGngpointthaneachoftheindividualcomponents

•  Effectisconsequenceofhydrogenbondingbetweenthecomponents

•  DEShavesimilarphysicochemicalqualiGescomparedtoionicliquids

•  Non-volaGle,biodegradableanddonotreactwithwater.

Preparation of yarns from wood fibers

•  DES does not dissolve cellulose but swells it

•  Simpledry-jetwet-spinningapproachcanbeuGlizedtoachieveafilament

•  Chemistryaffordswaterresistance.

Tenhunenetal.(2015)Bioresource Waterstableyarnfrombleachedpulpfibres

(Patentpending)

12

Waterfreepulp +DES=Spinnabledope

Dry-jetwet-

spinning

Dry-jetwet-spinning

CoagulaGon

Spinneret

OrientaGon

Dope

Filament properties

Tenacityandstrain•  Currenttenacity~½ofviscosetenacity•  Water-stabilityachievedwithsmallPAAaddiGon(DES)•  ElongaGonatthesamelevelascoOon(DES)

Sample Tenacity(cN/tex)

Tensilestrength(MPa)

Elonga5on(maxstrain,%)

IonCellfilament 50 7-9FloworientedCNFfilaments 500 7WetspinnedCNF14tex 25 400 11CoOonyarn58tex 16 9Viscose20tex 15 16Fibreyarnfrompulp(twisted)35tex 9 80 4DESmodifiedpulpfilaments18tex 9 8

•  1tex=1g/km(suom.langanpituusmassanyksikkö)

•  TenacitycN/tex(suom.lujuus)

•  TensilestrengthMPa(suom.vetolujuus)

•  Tenacitytakesintoaccountthedensityoftheyarn.Tensilestrengthdoesnot

Conclusions

•  FiberyarnmanufacturingtechnologiesdevelopedinDWOC•  FloworientaGon•  Coaxialspinning• DES-assistedspinning

•  CNF-basedfilamentsforhighperformanceapplicaGons•  Successfulmanufactureofwoodfiberfilaments

Moreinforma5onavailableinourpostersandvideos