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Computer Aided Engineering

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Course planSep 2014

Courtesy of: Courtesy of Dr.Mohammad Shakir Nasif

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Prof Dr A Rashid A Aziz (368 8484)AP Ir. Dr Mokhtar Awang (368 7204)

Rahmat Shazi, PhD (368 7161)

Email: [email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Course planSep 2014

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Courtesy of Dr. Mohammad ShakirNasif

At the end of this course, students should be able to:

Demonstrate the underlying principles of Computer Aided

Engineering (Computational Fluid Dynamics and Finite ElementMethod).

Construct models using Finite Element/Volume/Difference.

Apply the applications in specific engineering problems.

Generate simulation of engineering problems using specific

commercial software.

Course outcomes

Course planSep 2014

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Text Books

1. Computational Fluid Dynamics: the basics with applications

By; Anderson, McGraw Hill

2. Introduction to Heat Transfer

By: Incropera, Wiley

Course planSep 2014


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Course

Outline

5

WEEK DATES TOPICS Assignments Remarks

1 21st -28th Sep Introduction to CFD

2 29th Sep- 5th Oct Discretization

1D

3 6th-12th Oct Discretization2D

Assignment 1

released and quiz

1

4 13th-19th Oct Steady heat

transfer

5 20th-26th Oct Unsteady heat

transfer

Assignment 2

released and quiz

2Deepavali on

22nd October

Maal Hijrah on

25th Oct6 27th

Oct-2nd

Nov CFD analysis

7 3rd Nov-9th Nov CFD AnalysisTest and CFD

project due


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Course Schedule

6

3 Lectures/week

CFD Lab: as in the

time table, startingWeek 2 till Week 5,

followed by GAs

support for projectexecution

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Study materialStudy materials include the following:Lecture material.

Material posted on e-learning.Labs materials.

Text books.

Other references available in the library.Students are responsible to read

through the above materials.


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CAE/CFD Grading

8

Coursework 50%

Tests 20%

Quizzes/Assignments 15% Project 15%


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Additional I nformationAttendanceEvery student is responsible for all thematerials including announcementsextended during the lecture and on the e-learning website.

Students who are absent for more than10% of the total hours without prior writtenpermission may be barred from sitting forthe final examination.


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Evaluation

Assignments and projects: Students are required to attemptthe assignments listed in the course schedule. The

assignments are due before 5 pm on the dates given in thecourse schedule and to be submitted in the respectivelecturers pigeon hole in building 17. Penalty for latesubmission is as follows:

Penalty:Penalty: 1 day late: 5%

2 days late: 10%

3 days late: 20%4 days late: 30%

5 days late: 40%1 week late: 50%

>1 week latewill not normally be assessed


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Tests: There will be ONE test conducted.Tentative dates for the tests will be given

in e-learning.Any changes will be announced during thelecture prior to the test dates. Discuss any

potential conflicts well before the testsdates. Calculators are allowed in the tests.

Final Exam: The final exam iscomprehensive. Just like the tests, non-

programmable calculators are allowed.ANY ACADEMIC DISHONESTY WILLRESULT IN A FAILING GRADE


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Important notes

1. Attendance will be recorded. Students must perform at

least 90% of class attendance. Those who fail to obey

will be barred from sitting the final exams.

2. Never ever sign the attendance sheet on behalf of others.Attendance will be checked randomly.

3. All quizzes will be conducted in the first 10 - 15 minutes

of the lectures.

4. No food or drinks to be consumed during lectures andlabs.

5. You are not allowed to answer calls and make calls.

Switch off or silent your mobiles during lectures and labs

Course plan


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Important notes for quizzes, tests

and examsOnly non-programmable calculator arepermitted.

Smart phones and tablets (IPadetc)are not permitted.

No sharing of calculators

There will be 2 to 3 postgraduatesstudents assisting me in the invigilationin quizzes, testsetc.

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1. Introduction to CAE

1.1. Definitions1.2. Why and what is

Numerical Methods

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ComputerAided Design (CAD)


The technology concerned with the use of computersystems

to assist in the:

creation,

modification

analysis

optimization

of a design


1.1. Definitions

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ComputerAided Manufacturing (CAM)



to :

Plan

Manage

Control of manufactur ing operation

Through either direct or indirect use of computer interfacing


1.1. Definitions

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ComputerAided Engineering (CAE)


to :

Analyze CAD geometry

Allowing the designer to simulate and study how the product(or the fluid flow or heat transfer or forces) will behave so

that the design can be refined and optimized.


1.1. Definitions

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Why we need to do simulation using mathematicalequations? In other words cant we obtain the

details by doing experimental measurements ?

1. Introduction to CAE,

1.2. Numerical Methods

Computational modelling has advantages over experimentaltechniques in the investigation of flow, temperature and moisture,

stress, strain, etc distribution where the introduction of

instrumentation into the flow paths would influence the flow

structure.

With numerical simulation, it is possible to obtain the above

information without the need to physically build the model and test it

experimentally (i.e. cheaper).

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How Computers Aid Engineers

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We might model water flow from water tap by dividing it into 1000

parts and use mathematical fluid flow equations to obtain the details

of these parts (i.e. velocity, flow profile).If you divide it into few number of parts, your simulation will not be

accurate.

If you divide it into too many parts, your computer will take long

time calculating the result!


How Computers Aid Engineers

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Example of simulation by dividing the model into parts called mesh.

Calculation will be performed at each node to obtain the details (i.e.

temperature, velocity, flow profile, stress, strainetc) at these parts.



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22

Where CAE used? Aerospace Automotive

Biomedical Chemical Processing HVAC Hydraulics Marine Oil & Gas

Power Generation Sports Fire

Temperature and natural

convect ion cu rrents in the eyefol low ing laser heating.

Aerospace

Automotive

Biomedical

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In many engineering applications, computers are used to aid

engineers by predicting the temperature, flow profile, stress and

strain distribution, smoke movementetc.

Many software have been developed to perform the simulation

So what are we going to learn/study in this course?

We will study and understand how the software work and the

method used in solving mathematical equations related to fluid

flow, heat and mass transfer and solid mechanics.

If the software can do the simulation, why we need to study the

CAE?

Hummm, because.

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Because for some who can use computers, they can run the software, but

the argument is, are the results valid?

Obviously not because the results needs to be checked, analysed

validated and verified before consider the results are valid.

Therefore UTPMechanical Engineering Department is offering theCAE course for the students so that students know how the software run

and are able to perform analysis to see if the results obtained are valid or

not.

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Using computer software to do simulation is significantly

increasing in the world. Simply because using computer

simulation will save money and time

Therefore engineers with computer simulation skills are in

high demand in the world

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CFD Jobs in Malaysia

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In the first half of this courseYou will learn about computer simulation influids and solids to study fluid flow, velocity,temperature, mass distribution profiles, which

is called Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).

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Computational Fluid Dynamics

(CFD).

In heat transfer you learn how to calculate a heat exchangeroutlet temperature by using effectivenessNTU method and/or

Log Mean Temperature (LMT) method. But both methods do not

show us the internal temperature and velocity distribution in a

heat exchanger.

CFD techniques are able to give us the internal temperature and

velocity distribution in a heat exchanger.

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SIMULATIONS VSEXPERIMENTS

1 Introduction to CAE

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Analytical Solution vs Numerical Solution

gives gives

Exactbehavior of the

system at any point

Approximation of the exact

solution at selected point

T1T2 T1

T2



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By Li-Zhi Zhang, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 50 (2007) 151162

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37

Modeling (governing equations)Navier-Stokes equations (3D in Cartesian coordinates)

2

2

2

2

2

2

z

u

y

u

x

u

x

p

z

u

wy

u

vx

u

ut

u

2

2

2

2

2

2

z

v

y

v

x

v

y

p

z

vw

y

vv

x

vu

t

v

0

z

w

y

v

x

u

t

RTp

Convection Piezometric pressure gradient Viscous termsLocalacceleration

Continuity equation

Equation of state

2

2

2

2

2

2

z

w

y

w

x

w

z

p

z

ww

y

wv

x

wu

t

w

Wow, so complicated equations , so how CFD can solve it?

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We can see that previous equation are complicated and

difficult to solve.

In CFD, we use discretisation techniques to convert theprevious complicated first order and second orderpartial differential equations to simple algebraicequations which be solved with small error.

So this is what discretisation means

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39

Numerical methodsThe continuous Initial Boundary Value Problems(partial differential equations) are discretised intoalgebraic equations using numerical methods.

Assemble the system of algebraic equations and solve

the system to get approximate solutionsNumerical methods include:1. Discretisation methods

2. Solvers and numerical parameters

3. Grid generation and transformation

4. High Performance Computation (HPC) and post-processing

So what are the component of the

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So what are the component of the

software?1. Pre processor: Here you will create the geometry,

generate the mesh and define boundary conditions (see

below example on cooling towers

By Rafat Al Waked (2004)

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3. PostprocessorBy Rafat Al Waked (2004)

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Some modelling work using CFDResearch has been done on showers to study water

distribution on human body and how to conserve waterPre-processor:

By

Darren

Woolf

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The software solverperformed discritisation

and solved the relevant equations

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Postprocessor: Results presented as follows

By

Darren

Woolf

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By

Darren

Woolf

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By

Darren

Woolf

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By

Darren

Woolf

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And there are many many many moreexamples on research and projectsdone using CFD and in general CFD.

In other words there is no limit on workdone using CFD

(i.e. the sky is the limit)

CAE Lec1 Sep14

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