BOOKS L'Économie de l'énergie dans les pays en voie de

développement ( t h e e c o n o m i c s o f e n e r g y i n t h e l e s s

d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s ) , b y P i e r r e S e v e t t e ( P a r i s , C o l l e c t i o n

T i e r s - M o n d e , P r e s s e s U n i v e r s i t a i r e s d e F r a n c e , 1 9 6 3 ; 16 F r . ) .

T h i s is an e x c e l l e n t b o o k , a c l e a r a n d c o m p r e h e n s i v e s u m ­

m a r y o f t h e s o u r c e s o f e n e r g y w h i c h a r e , o r c o u l d b e ,

a v a i l a b l e t o m a n k i n d . T h e a u t h o r , P r o f e s s o r at t h e ' I n s t i t u t

d ' É t u d e s d u D é v e l o p p e m e n t é c o n o m i q u e e t s o c i a l ' o f t h e

U n i v e r s i t y o f P a r i s , is D i r e c t o r o f t h e E n e r g y D i v i s i o n o f t h e

U n i t e d N a t i o n s E c o n o m i c C o m m i s s i o n f o r E u r o p e , a n d t h u s

h a s a c c e s s t o t h e m o s t u s e f u l s o u r c e s o f d o c u m e n t a r y

m a t e r i a l .

T h e f i r s t p a r t o f t h e b o o k is d e v o t e d t o t h e c r i t e r i a t o b e

o b s e r v e d w h e n d r a w i n g u p p l a n s f o r d e v e l o p i n g n a t u r a l

p o w e r r e s o u r c e s . T h e a u t h o r d e a l s s u c c e s s i v e l y w i t h t h e

i n v e n t o r y o f r e s o u r c e s , t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s ,

t h e c o s t o f i n v e s t m e n t s , t h e c o s t o f p r o d u c t i o n , t h e t r ans ­

p o r t a n d s t o r a g e o f e n e r g y , t h e s u b s t i t u t i o n o f o n e f o r m o f

e n e r g y f o r a n o t h e r , t h e r e l i a b i l i t y o f s u p p l y a n d t h e p r e s e n t

c o n d i t i o n s o f i n v e s t m e n t .

T h e s e c o n d p a r t o f t h e b o o k r e v i e w s s p e c i a l p r o b l e m s

w h i c h t h e d e v e l o p m e n t a n d u s e o f t h e d i f f e r e n t f o r m s o f

e n e r g y m a y p o s e i n t h e l e s s - d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s . H e r e , t h e

a u t h o r d e a l s s u c c e s s i v e l y w i t h c o n v e n t i o n a l , p r i m a r y o r

s e c o n d a r y , n e w , n o n - c o m m e r c i a l , a n d a l s o n u c l e a r e n e r g y . A

d e t a i l e d s t u d y is m a d e o f s o m e o f t h e c o n v e n t i o n a l k i n d s :

c o a l , n a t u r a l gas , w a t e r p o w e r , p e t r o l , a n d e l e c t r i c p o w e r .

S p e c i a l m e n t i o n is m a d e o f r e c e n t t e c h n i c a l a d v a n c e s i n

t h e m i n i n g o f c o a l , t h e p r o b l e m s e n t a i l e d i n u t i l i z i n g a

m u l t i - p u r p o s e w a t e r r e s e r v o i r , t h e p r e s e n t p o s i t i o n o f

p e t r o l e u m c o n c e s s i o n s , t h e f i n a n c i n g o f n e w e l e c t r i c p o w e r

s c h e m e s a n d n e w m e a n s o f p r o d u c i n g e l e c t r i c i t y .

T h e n e w s o u r c e s o f e n e r g y i n c l u d e a r t i f i c i a l r a in , sea

s w e l l , t h e s t e a m , a n d h o t w a t e r i n s i d e t h e e a r t h , t h e d i f ­

f e r e n c e s o f t e m p e r a t u r e b e t w e e n t h e d e p t h s o f t h e seas a n d

t h e i r s u r f a c e w a t e r s , t i d e s , t h e w i n d , a n d t h e sun .

N o n - c o m m e r c i a l e n e r g y o f v e g e t a b l e , m i n e r a l o r a n i m a l

o r i g i n , w h i c h is o f p a r t i c u l a r i m p o r t a n c e i n t h e l e s s - d e v e ­

l o p e d c o u n t r i e s , is a n a l y z e d i n d e t a i l .

W i t h r e s p e c t t o n u c l e a r e n e r g y , a s t u d y o f t h e c a p i t a l

c o s t p e r k W i n s t a l l e d a n d o f t h e p r i c e p e r k W h s h o w s t ha t

n u c l e a r e n e r g y w i l l n o t b e an e c o n o m i c p r o p o s i t i o n in t h e

l e s s - d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s f o r s o m e t i m e y e t .

I n a s e r i e s o f a n n e x e s , a s s o c i a t e d p r o b l e m s a re e x a m i n e d ,

s u c h as a r b i t r a t i o n b e t w e e n i n d i v i d u a l s a n d t h e S t a t e , t h e

v a l i d i t y o f t h e c o n c e s s i o n s i n t h e e v e n t o f s u c c e s s i o n o f

S t a t e s — f o r e x a m p l e a f t e r a c o l o n y a c h i e v e s i n d e p e n ­

d e n c e — , t h e l e g a l a s p e c t s o f d e v e l o p i n g s u c c e s s i v e w a t e r

c o u r s e s f o r p u r p o s e s o t h e r t h a n n a v i g a t i o n .

T h i s b o o k b r i n g s t o g e t h e r i n o n e v o l u m e t h e e c o n o m i c ,

t e c h n i c a l a n d l e g a l a s p e c t s o f e n e r g y . I t w o u l d b e e s p e c i a l l y

u s e f u l t o a l l t h o s e w h o s e w o r k d e a l s w i t h t h e s e q u e s t i o n s i n

t h e l e s s - d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s , b u t i t is b o t h e n t e r t a i n i n g a n d

i n s t r u c t i v e f o r t h e l a y m a n w h o w i s h e s t o b e w e l l - i n f o r m e d .

VOTRE MAISON DE CONFIANCE POUR

Microfilms — A p p a r e i l s p h o t o g r a p h i q u e s et

d isposi t i fs d e lecture - Locat ions d e camé­

ras - Travaux d e d é v e l o p p e m e n t en rég ie .

Photocopies — A p p a r e i l s d 'éc la i rage et d is ­

pos i t i f d e d é v e l o p p e m e n t - Papiers pou r

p h o t o g r a p h i e s - Instal lat ions p o u r la p h o t o ­

c o p i e .

Héliographie — A p p a r e i l s d 'éc la i rage et ma­chines à d é v e l o p p e r - Nouveau té : HÉL IO-M A T I C , mach ine à hé l i og raph ie r avec V A R I -LUX permet tan t d e fa i re var ier la puissance d 'éc la i rage - Papiers p o u r d é v e l o p p e m e n t s à sec et semi -humides .

Bureau-Offset — Mach ines-o f fse t et p laques ,

offset présensib i l isées O Z A S O L .

Dessins — Mach ines à dessiner JENNY et

comb ina i son de dessins - Papiers à dessin

(pap iers p o u r dessins d e déta i ls ) , listes d e

p ièces , pap iers t ransparents (à ca lquer ) ,

pap ie r pou r c roqu is .

Meubles pour serrer les plans — « Système

à suspens ion, à sou lèvement et à abaisse­

ment ».

installations de reproduction pou r hé l i o ­g raph ies , impress ion d e p lans, p h o t o c o p i e s , t ravaux d e p h o t o g r a p h i e t echn ique , réduc­t ions, agrandissements , t ravaux d e d é v e ­l o p p e m e n t d e micro f i lms.

te

OZALID ZURICH Seefeldstrasse 94 - T é l é p h o n e (051) 24 47 57

Environmental radioactivity, b y M e r r i l E i s e n b u d ( L o n ­

d o n , M c G r a w - H i l l , 1 9 6 3 ; 9 7 s . ) .

S i n c e t h e d i s c o v e r y o f n a t u r a l r a d i o a c t i v i t y m o r e t h a n

h a l f a c e n t u r y a g o , a n d p a r t i c u l a r l y s i n c e t h e d i s c o v e r y o f

f i s s i o n , c o n s i d e r a b l e k n o w l e d g e o f r a d i o a c t i v i t y a n d r a d i a ­

t i o n has b e e n a c c u m u l a t e d . T h e e v a l u a t i o n o f i ts i n f l u e n c e

o n l i v i n g o r g a n i s m s a n d t h e p r o b l e m s o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l

r a d i o a c t i v i t y , h a v e b e e n o f s p e c i a l i m p o r t a n c e .

D r . E i s e n b u d ' s b o o k r e p r e s e n t s an e f f o r t t o a s s e m b l e

i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e p r e s e n t s t a te o f t h i s s u b j e c t . I t s tar ts o u t

w i t h a r a t h e r b r o a d a n d g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e b i o l o g i c a l

ba s i s f o r r a d i a t i o n p r o t e c t i o n , i n c l u d i n g p r o t e c t i o n s tan­

d a r d s a n d p r a c t i c e s . T h e n t h e b o o k d e a l s w i t h t h e w a y i n

w h i c h r a d i o a c t i v i t y is t r a n s p o r t e d i n t h e a t m o s p h e r e , i n t h e

f o o d c h a i n f r o m s o i l t o m a n , a n d i n w a t e r . I n g r e a t e r d e t a i l ,

t h e a u t h o r d e s c r i b e s t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l r a d i o a c t i v e s o u r c e s

a n d g i v e s an a c c o u n t o f t h e e x p e r i e n c e t ha t h a s b e e n

o b t a i n e d w i t h e n v i r o n m e n t a l r a d i o a c t i v i t y .

T h e b o o k is r a t h e r l e n g t h y ( 4 3 0 p a g e s ) a n d i n v e r y

g e n e r a l t e r m s . I t is m o r e a g e n e r a l t e x t b o o k t h a n a s o u r c e

b o o k f o r a s p e c i a l i s t o n r a d i o a c t i v i t y , a n d c a n b e r e a d a n d

u n d e r s t o o d b y p e o p l e w i t h l i t t l e o r n o b a c k g r o u n d i n th i s

s p e c i a l i z e d s u b j e c t .

J. B.

119

R. A.

PHILIPS improvements in nuclear instrumentation

These new additions to the Philips range of modular units provide a simple solution for almost any instrumentation problem. Apart f rom the circuitry for their specific function, they include a logic section. Consequently, any required mode of operation can be obtained by merely making the necessary patch connections.

In addition, automatic, pre-programmed opera­tion can be arranged in conjunction with a great variety of peripheral equipment.

Included in the new series of modules are units which convert the measuring results into standardised pulses to operate printers, tape or card punch machines or any other data handling or transmission apparatus. Sole distributors in the U . K . : Research & Control Instruments Ltd., 207 Kings Cross Road, London W.C.1; o v e r s e a s enquiries, please to N.V. Philips' Gloeilampen-fabrieken, Scientific Equipment Dept., Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

PHILIPS n u c l e a r e q u i p m e n t

120

A versatile range of manufacture

SIEMENS INSTRUMENTATION

M e a s u r e m e n t and control in

thermal and

process ing techniques

Electrical m e t r o l o g y

Electronic m i c r o s c o p y

Non-des t ruc t ive tes t ing

of mater ia ls

M e a s u r e m e n t , of mechanica l

quant i t ies

S I E M E N S & H A L S K E A G Berlin • Munchen

Sale Agents for Switzerland

S I E M E N S E L E K T R I Z I T À T S E R Z E U G N I S S E A G Zurich • Bern • Lausanne

121

MEASURE

L O W L E V E L SIGNALS DIRECTLY

WITH

2 0 0 / t / v / c m

SENSITIVITY New <$> Model 130C general purpose 500Kc/s Oscilloscope. Measure high level and low level signals DC to 500Kc /s with one easy-to-use Osci l loscope and without external preamplif iers. Identical vertical and horizontal amplif iers each with sensitivity 200 p v / c m to 20 v / c m . High sensitivity for direct measurement of low level signals from sources such as transducers, strain gauges, sol id state devices, RF detectors, medical and physical equipment. Balanced or single ended input on all sensitivity ranges. Single sweep provided.

N E W Q O n s P L U G I N

UNIT FOR TESTING S E M I ­

CONDUCTORS $) Model 186A plugs into 185B 1,OOOMc/s Oscilloscope. This new switching t ime tester is for fast, easy analysis of semiconductors. With the new unit installed, 185B osci l loscope has a rise t ime of 0.5ns; dis­plays t ime data such as transistor rise and fall t imes, diode forward switching and reverse recovery t imes and tunnel diode switching time. X-Y Recorder output for permanent records. Model 186A contains Pulse Generator (1ns, 0.1V to 20V), 10mv/cm Amplifier, and two variable Power Suppl ies. Semiconductor plug-in at front panel. Adapter with terminals available for testing external circuit networks. Price Fr. 6815.-Model 187B Dual Trace Amplif ier plug-in unit available for general purpose measurements DC-1,000Mc/s with 4 m v / c m sensitivity.

122

HEWLETT-PACKARD i PROVIDES

COMPLETE OSCILLOSCOPE COVERAGE DC-IOOOMc Model 122A Model 120B Model 130C Model 175A Model 185B

122A DUAL TRACE

2 0 0 K c OSCILLOSCOPE

Measure or compare two different signals from DC to 200Kc/s. Two vertical amplifiers for easy comparison of related signals such as filter, amplifier and vibration equipment input and out­put signals. Vertical amplifiers may be used separately to mea­sure two unrelated signals. In many ways, the 122A does the work of two oscil loscopes. Single ended or balanced input, 10mv/cm sensitivity.

120B GENERAL PURPOSE 450Kc OSCILLOSCOPE

Combines simple, easy operation with high quality and accurate performance. Just press beam finder button to see trace, move to centre with position controls and connect signal. Automatic tr iggering provides clear steady signal without difficult adjust­ment even when input frequency changes. In the absence of input signal, the triggered time base free runs.

• New 50Mc/s Oscilloscope Model 175A. No parallax 6x10 cm dis­play. X axis and Y axis plug-ins for economy and increased flexi­bility. Delayed sweep facilities. The 175A is now manufactured in Bedford.

Brief specif ications

Model Vertical Vertical Sweep Horizontal Horizontal Prices Bandwidth Sensitivity Speeds Bandwidth Sensitivity

122A , DC-200kc 10mv/cm to 1( jsec/cm to DC-200kc 0.1v/cm to Fr.3182.-Dual trace 100v/cm 0.5sec/cm 100v/cm 120B DC-450kc 10mv/cmto 1[ jsec/cm to DC-300kc 0.1v/cm to Fr. 2188.-

10Qv/cm 0.5sec/cm 100v/cm 130C DC-500kc 200|Jv/cm to 0.2psec/cmto DC-500kc 200pv/cm to Fr.3180.-

50v /cm 12.5sec/cm 50v/cm 175A DC-50mc 1750A Plug-in 10 ns /cm to DC-500kc 0.1v/cm to 175A Fr. 6069.-

50mv/cm to 50v/cm 12.5sec/cm 10v/cm 1750A Fr. 1298.-Dual trace 1752A Fr. 1028.-1752A Plug-in 1780A Fr. 123.-5mv/cm to 50v /cm (aux. Plug-in)

185B with DC-1000mc 4mv/cm to 0.04ns/cm to 50cps to ±15mv to ± 2v PK 185B Fr.10470.-187B Plug-in 200mv/cm 10psec/cm 1000mc Trigger 50cps to 100mc 187B Fr. 4533.-Dual trace (up to 140 volts RMS 200mv Peak-Peak

with dividers) 50-1000mc All Oscil loscopes have internal graticule displays which eliminate parallax error. Data subject to change without notice.

HEWLETT-PACKARD Headquarters in USA: Palo Alto (Calif.); European Headquarters: Geneva (Switzerland) European Plants: Bedford (England), Bôblingen (Germany)

For information, contact your ^ distributor

INGENIEURBURO M.P.FREY WANKDORFFELDSTRASSE 66, BERNE TELEPHONE (031)42 00 78

D C - 2 0 0 K c / s D C - 4 5 0 K c / s D C - 5 0 0 K c / s D C - 5 0 M c / s D C - 1 0 0 0 M c / s f

plans and delivers

Processing Plants for :

Precision recti f icat ion

Heavy water recovery

Gas l iquefy ing

Uperisation steri l izing

Town gas detox i f icat ion, etc.

Laboratory columns

Thermal Planfs

Steam generators up to

the highest pressures

Hot water boi lers and

accumulators

Gas turbines

Diesel engines

Reactor plants for

nuclear power stations

Heat pumps

Refrigerating Planfs

Coo l ing installations

Tube-ice generators

Low-temperature installations

Air conditioning planfs

Heating and air cond i t ion ing plants also

Axial and radial compressors

Oil-free reciprocating compressors

Pumps

for de l iver ing h igh - and

low-viscosity fluids and corrosive media

Sulzer Frères Société Anonyme Winterthur, Suisse

Low-temperature installation (—250° C) for D2O recovery (Emser W e r k e A G . r Domaf/Ems, Switzerland) — 250 °C

g(UJIL2B[S