bgpfr2008 fardous

7/23/2019 bgpfr2008 fardous

1/84

2

Il z~axacail hl

~a|xb`l N@ZO~bgcd SKEAG @KZ ^LGBXL^


17/84

20

Bcxkbxkag hl N@Z s|~ |g ~a|xl|~ Cagslkis

Za|~ ~kokl~ r|l ils akskgs N@Z sagx mak`gbnils ki lsx cagslkii hlobk~l |g zkg` xlgh| lgx~l ils bh~lssls KZ ~lszlcxkls hlsakskgs) hl obag oa~cl~ il ~a|xl|~ ha zb~x il zkg` h|xkiksl~caeel sa|~cl ibh~lssl KZ szckokl hbgs ib caeebghlglk`fna~ zi|xx r|l ibh~lssl KZ hl ikgxl~obcl ha lsx kss|l il

zbr|lx KCEZ' B cfbr|l cfbg`lelgx hl cagok`|~bxkag h|gl slsskag N@Z) ki lsx

cagslkii hl obk~l |g ~lslx hl ib slsskag N@Z za|~ x~l s~ r|lils ga|lb|v zb~bex~ls sagx nklg z~ks lg caezxl =

cilb~ kz n`z Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU TsaoxU

Ki lsx lg a|x~l cagslkii hl ~kokl~ ixbx hl ib slsskag N@Z za|~ x~ls~ r|liil lsx nklg bcxkl =

sf kz n`z glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU

sf kz n`z glk`fna~s

sf kz n`z s|eeb~{


19/84

2;


Ki lsx zassknil hl sc|~ksl~ ib slsskag N@Z lg { bssackbgx |g eax hlzbssl &ki ob|x bia~s cagok`|~l~ il eel eax hl zbssl s|~ ils >~a|xl|~s N@Z r|k agx xbnik |g zll~kg`+ =

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU zbsspa~h Tx{zl c~{zxb`l &:%0+U Teax hl zbsslU

Ki lsx zassknil hl okvl~ |gl ikekxl s|~ il gaen~l hl ~slb|v lgz~algbgcl h|g akskg N@Z za|~ sl z~ax`l~ h|g akskg r|kbggagcl~bkx % zb~ l~~l|~ % |g x~s `~bgh gaen~l hl ~slb|v)elxxbgx lg z~ki il ~a|xl|~ r|k ~lakx cls bggagcls sk sb xbkiileeak~l lsx ikekxl &clib zl~elx b|ssk hkxl~ hls z~aniels hl~a|xb`l) sk |g akskg r|k fbnkx|liilelgx lgakl r|lir|ls ~slb|v)

sl elx b lga{l~ h| o|ii%~a|xkg`+ = glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU ebvke|e%z~lokv Tgn

ebvke|e hl z~okvls b|xa~kssU Tzb~bex~ls obc|ixbxkos hagxTbil|~ h| za|~clgxb`l hbil~xlU T~lsxb~x To~r|lgcl hl~lheb~~b`l hl ib slsskag N@Z lg cbs hl hzbsslelgxUUTpb~gkg`%agi{UU


20/84

>:

Bcxkbxkag hl N@Z8$ s|~ |g~a|xl|~ S{gxbvl

Ki ob|x) b| z~bibnil) bcxkl~ il ~a|xb`l KZ? s|~ ir|kzlelgx) kb ibcaeebghl =

kz? |gkcbsx%~a|xkg`

Ki ob|x cagok`|~l~ |gl bh~lssl KZ? s|~ |gl kgxl~obcl) ibr|liilsl~k~b za|~ eagxl~ il zll~kg` N@Z =

kgxl~obcl Tgae kgxl~obclUkz? bhh~lss Tbh~lssl KZ?U

kz? lgbnil

Hcib~bxkag h|g akskg N@Z KZ? =

bhh~lss%obeki{ kz?

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ? h| akskgU bcxkbxl

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ? h| akskgU ~leaxl%bs Tg|e~a hBSh| akskgU

lvkx%bhh~lss%obeki{


21/84

>2

Bcxkbxkag hl N@Z E|ixkcbsx s|~|g ~a|xl|~ S{gxbvl

Ki ob|x) b| z~bibnil) bcxkl~ il ~a|xb`l E|ixkcbsx s|~ ir|kzlelgx)kb ib caeebghl =

kz e|ixkcbsx ~a|xkg`

Hcib~bxkag h|g akskg EN@Z &KZ8+ =

bhh~lss%obeki{ kz8 e|ixkcbsx

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU bcxkbxl

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU ~leaxl%bs Tg|e~a hBS h|akskgU

lvkx%bhh~lss obeki{

Za|~ zi|s hkgoas s|~ il E|ixkcbsx) ak~ =

fxxz=!!ppp'|gk%bilgcklggls'o~!C^\!ENagl

fxxz=!!ppp'|gk%bilgcklggls'o~!C^\!ENagl!cbglbs%cagok`'fx
http://www.univ-valenciennes.fr/CRU/MBonehttp://www.univ-valenciennes.fr/CRU/MBone/canevas-config.htmlhttp://www.univ-valenciennes.fr/CRU/MBone/canevas-config.htmlhttp://www.univ-valenciennes.fr/CRU/MBone


22/84

>>

Bggagcl~ hls ~slb|v blc N@Z S{gxbvl

Za|~ bggagcl~ hls ~slb|v kb N@Z) ki ob|x |xkiksl~ ib caeebghls|kbgxl =

glxpa~dT~slb|U TebsdTebsr|l ~slb|UU

Bxxlgxkag = ib caeebghl glxpa~d gb|~b hloolx r|l sk il

~slb| r|l iag cfl~cfl bggagcl~ lsx sakx cagg| h| ~a|xl|~zb~ |gl kgxl~obcl hk~lcxlelgx cagglcxl) sakx bzz~ks hl ebgk~lsxbxkr|l a| h{gbekr|l' Ils ~slb|v bggagcs kb ib caeebghlglxpa~d b|~agx za|~ a~k`kgl iBS h| ~a|xl|~ s|~ ilr|liclxxl caeebghl lsx bzzikr|l'

Ib caeebghl glxpa~d lsx |xkiksl~ hbgs ib slcxkag ~a|xl~n`z Tg|e~a hBSU'


24/84

>8

Bggagcl~ hls ~slb|v blc N@Z ^lhksx~kn|xkag

Zi|xx r|l hl e|ixkzikl~ ils caeebghls h| x{zl glxpa~d) ki zl|xx~l sa|fbkxbnil hl za|ak~ b|xaebxkr|lelgx ~kgmlcxl~ xa|x a|zb~xkl hls ~slb|v h|g K@Z &^KZ) KS%KS) ASZO+ hbgs iL@Z = clsx ibcaeebghl ~lhksx~kn|xl r|k ~lezikx cl ~il' Ki lsx b|sskzassknil hl ~kgmlcxl~ hbgs N@Z hls ~a|xls sxbxkr|ls) ebks cls

~slb|v sl~agx eb~r|s blc |gl a~k`kgl kgcagg|l hbgs ibxbnil hl ~a|xb`l &~slb|v eb~r|s 1+'


25/84

>?

Bggagcl~ hls ~slb|v blc N@Z S{gcf~agksbxkag

\gl hls ~`ils hl N@Z z~cksl r||g ~a|xl|~ gl hakx zbs bggagcl~) sls akskgs lN@Z) hl ~slb|v bzz~ks zb~ hls akskgs kN@Z zb~lvlezil) eakgs r|l cls ~slb|v gl saklgx `bilelgx z~azb`s b|slkg hl iBS' Cl z~kgckzl sbzzliil ib s{gcf~agksbxkagN@Z'

Ki lsx zassknil hl hsbcxkl~ ib s{gcf~agksbxkag N@Z s|~ |g ~a|xl|~)s|~xa|x sk |g o|ii%elsf kN@Z lsx cagok`|~) `b~bgxkssbgx bkgskr|l ib hlsxkgbxkag ~lsxl mak`gbnil hbgs ikN@Z' Za|~ hsbcxkl~ ibs{gcf~agksbxkag) ki ob|x bzzikr|l~ ib caeebghl s|kbgxl hbgs ibslcxkag ~a|xl~ n`z Tg|e~a hBSU=

ga s{gcf~agksbxkag


28/84

>6

Bggagcl~ hls ~slb|v blc N@Z B`~`bxkag

Bokg hl gl zbs s|~cfb~`l~ kg|xkilelgx ils xbnils hl ~a|xb`l) |gloagcxkaggbikx lsslgxkliil b x bzza~xl zb~ N@Z8 = ib`~`bxkag'

Ib caeebghl hl nbsl za|~ c~l~ |g b`~`bx lsx b``~l`bxl%bhh~lss) caeebghl |xkiksl~ hbgs ib slcxkag ~a|xl~n`zTg|e~a hBSU' S|kbgx ils zb~bex~ls bssacks clxxlcaeebghl) ils ~s|ixbxs sl~agx hkoo~lgxs =

b``~l`bxl%bhh~lss T~slb|U Tebsr|l ~slb|U

57 ib`~`bx sl~b bggagc) lx ils ~slb|v lvzikckxls r|k oagxzb~xkl hl ib`~`bx lx r|k sagx z~slgxs hbgs ib xbnil hl~a|xb`l sagx cagsl~s) lx sl~agx hagc `bilelgx bggagcsb|v b|x~ls akskgs N@Z'

b``~l`bxl%bhh~lss T~slb|U Tebsr|l ~slb|U s|eeb~{%agi{

57 ib`~`bx sl~b bggagc) ebks ils ~slb|v zi|s lvzikckxlsagx x~l s|zz~kes) lx hagc sl|i ib`~`bx sl~b bggagc b|vb|x~ls akskgs N@Z'


30/84

3:


b``~l`bxl%bhh~lss T~slb|U Tebsr|l ~slb|U gl s|zz~kelb|c|gl ~a|xl szckokr|l) lx b``~l`bxl%bhh~lss T~slb|UTebsr|l ~slb|U s|eeb~{%agi{s|zz~kel xa|s ils ~slb|v ilszi|s szckokr|ls' A~) ag zl|x a|iak~ s|zz~kel~ |gl zb~xkl hls~slb|v szckokr|ls sl|ilelgx ia~s hl ib`~`bxkag) ha ib

caeebghl s|kbgxl r|k cagsksxl bssackl~ |gl ~a|xl%ebz ibcaeebghl b``~l`bxl%bhh~lss =

b``~l`bxl%bhh~lss T~slb|U Tebsr|l ~slb|U s|zz~lss%ebz Tgae hl ib ~a|xl%ebzU


32/84

3>

^a|xl%ebz S{gxbvl

S{gxbvl =

~a|xl%ebz Tgae hl ib ~a|xl%ebzU T T zl~ekx y hlg{ U yTg|e~a hkgsxbgcl hl ib ~a|xl%ebzU U

Zi|skl|~s kgsxbgcls) za~xbgx bia~s hls g|e~as hkoo~lgxs) zl|lgx

x~l bssackls |gl eel ~a|xl%ebz' Il ~a|xl|~ lvc|xl~b ilshkoo~lgxls kgsxbgcls hl ib ~a|xl%ebz h| zi|s zlxkx g|e~ahkgsxbgcl l~s il zi|s `~bgh'

Lvlezil =

~a|xl%ebz VVV zl~ekx 2:

~a|xl%ebz VVV zl~ekx >:

2l~ `~a|zl hl caghkxkags) lx bcxkagssk caghkxkags ~lezikls

>lel `~a|zl hl caghkxkags) sk 2l~lcaghkxkags gag ~lezikls) lx bcxkagssk ga|liils caghkxkags ~lezikls&gaxl = ils ~slb|v gl~zaghbgx b|c|gl caghkxkaggl sagx zbs ~lhksx~kn|s+


33/84

33

^a|xl%ebz S{gxbvl

\gl ~a|xl%ebz lsx nbsl s|~ il z~kgckzl s|kbgx =

sk CAGHKXKAG ~lezikl &ebxcf+ bia~sBCXKAG&slx+

Lvlezils hl caghkxkags zassknils =

ebxcf bs%zbxf

ebxcf caee|gkx{ ebxcf kz bhh~lss

ebxcf elx~kc

Lvlezil hbcxkags zassknils =

slx bs%zbxf

slx caee|gkx{ slx iacbi%z~lol~lgcl

slx elx~kc


34/84

38

Kgxl~obcl hl Iaaznbcd Z~kgckzl

^il kgkxkbi h|gl kgxl~obcl hl Iaaznbcd = sbss|~l~ r|libh~lssl KZ h| akskg N@Z ~lsxl \Z kghzlghbeelgx hl ixbxhls kgxl~obcls zf{skr|ls h| ~a|xl|~' Gaxl= ib sxbnkikx hl ib slsskagN@Z hzlgh hl ib sxbnkikx hls bh~lssls KZ hls akskgs N@Z'

Ils kgxl~obcls hl Iaaznbcd sagx sa|lgx |xkiksls za|~ ils zll~kg`s

kN@Z ikgx~kl|~ h|g eel ~slb| = cls akskgs gl sagx zbsoa~celgx hk~lcxlelgx xa|s kgxl~cagglcxs lgx~l l|v) ebks agsa|fbkxl gbgeakgs r|l ils ~a|xl|~s sl aklgx xa|s lgx~l l|v b|slkg hl ikN@Z &kN@Z gxbgx zbs x~bgskxko+'

Ki lsx ~b~l r|l hls akskgs lN@Z gl saklgx zbs hk~lcxlelgxkgxl~cagglcxs) ha ib zassknkikx hxbnik~ il zll~kg` lN@Z lg

|xkiksbgx hk~lcxlelgx ils bh~lssls KZ hls kgxl~obcls zf{skr|ls hl~bcca~hlelgx zi|xx r||gl kgxl~obcl hl Iaaznbcd' Ebks ~klgglezcfl h|xkiksl~ hls bh~lssls hl Iaaznbcd) eel za|~ hlsakskgs hk~lcxlelgx kgxl~cagglcxs &s|~xa|x sk cls akskgs sagxkgxl~cagglcxs hl ebgk~l e|ixkzil+'


35/84

3

^> ^8

iaaznbcd >

2;

kgxl~obcl iaaznbcd >

kz bhh~lss 2;

glk fna~ 2;


~a|xl~ n`z >

glk fna~ 2;

glk fna~ 2;


37/84


39/84

3;

Z~aclss|s hxbkii hl hckskagN@Z Z~kgckzb|v c~kx~ls

sf kz n`z 2;3'8:':':

N@Z ~a|xkg` xbnil lgx~{ oa~ 2;3'8:':':!2?) vl~skag 26:;?< 3>>2) &^lclkvlh o~ae b ^^%ciklgx+) &~lclkvlh / |slh+

?>'8:'2:3':;?:;?< 3>>2) &~lclkvlh / |slh+?>'8:'2:3'::=>:;?8 &cb~zll~kg` hk~lcx lgx~l ^2 lx ^3+ ebks b|ssk BS%zbxf t> 3u za|~ cls~slb|v cb~ ^> b|xa~ksl il x~bgskx lx ils bggagcl ^2'

BS%zbxf t>u za|~ makgh~l 2;3'>':':!>8 lx 2;3'>'2':!>8

BS 2

^2 lN@Z

BS >

^>

BS 3

^3lN@Z

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'2':':!>82;3'2'2':!>8

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'>':':!>82;3'>'2':!>8

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'3':':!>82;3'3'2':!>8

Gaxl = bokg hkxl~ils na|cils) |g~a|xl|~ lN@Zgbcclzxl~b zbs h|gb|x~l ~a|xl|~ ilskgoa~ebxkags hl~a|xb`l r|k agx

za|~ a~k`kgl sagz~az~l BS'

lN@Z


43/84

83

Z~aclss|s hl hckskag N@Z Zb~bex~l A~k`kg

Il zb~bex~l A~k`kg hokgk ia~k`kgl hl ikgoa~ebxkag h| cflekg'Ki zl|x bak~ i|gl hls bil|~s s|kbgxls) lg oagcxkag hl ib GI^K&Glxpa~d Ib{l~ ^lbcfbnkikx{ Kgoa~ebxkag+ =

K@Z = ib GI^K klgx hl iBS ha~k`kgl &|g k bzzb~bx hbgsikgoa~ebxkag hl ~a|xb`l+' Gaxl = |g ~slb| bggagc kb ib

caeebghl glxpa~d a| kb b`~`bxkag sl~b cagskh~caeel kgxl~gl iBS'

L@Z = ib GI^K lsx bzz~ksl zb~ |g L@Z &|g l bzzb~bxhbgs ikgoa~ebxkag hl ~a|xb`l+

Kgcaezilxl = ib GI^K lsx kgcagg|l &|g 1 bzzb~bx hbgsikgoa~ebxkag hl ~a|xb`l+ &lv= |gl ~a|xl sxbxkr|l ~lhksx~kn|lhbgs N@Z+

Keza~xbgx =bokg hkxl~ ils na|cils) |g ~a|xl|~ lN@Zgbcclzxl~b zbs ils kgoa~ebxkags hl ~a|xb`l r|k agx za|~a~k`kgl sag z~az~l BS'


45/84

8'2':!>8) sag glvx%faz lsx 2;3'8;'2'>

^> b cagskh~l~ r|l za|~ makgh~l ils ~slb|v 2;3'2':':!>8 lx2;3'2'2':!>8) sag glvx%faz lsx 2;3'8;'2'2

^3 b cagskh~l~ r|l za|~ makgh~l ils ~slb|v 2;3'2':':!>8 lx2;3'2'2':!>8) sag glvx%faz lsx 2;3'8;'2'2 &lx gag zbs2;

^> ^3kN@Z

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'2':':!>82;3'2'2':!>8

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'>':':!>82;3'>'2':!>8

2;3'8;'2'2 2;3'8;'2'> 2;


46/84

8?

Z~aclss|s hl hckskag N@Z Zb~bex~l plk`fx

Il zb~bex~l plk`fx &z~az~kxbk~l Cksca+ lsx |xkiks za|~ ibsilcxkag h| elkiil|~ cflekg'

Keza~xbgx =il zb~bex~l plk`fx ~lsxl kgxl~gl b|~a|xl|~ N@Z s|~ ilr|li ki lsx cagok`|~) ki glsx mbebksz~azb` ia~s h|g |zhbxl N@Z' B |xkiksl~ blc eah~bxkag)

cb~ ~ksr|l hl ~a|xb`l bs{ex~kr|l = |g ~a|xl|~ ^2 zl|x hckhl~hbxx~kn|l~ |gl bil|~ plk`fx ill b|v ~slb|v ~l|s h|g~a|xl|~ ^>) ebks cl hl~gkl~ zl|x hckhl~ hl gl zbs bcca~hl~ hlz~ka~kx b|v ~slb|v ~l|s hl ^2' Ki lsx z~o~bnil h|xkiksl~ hlsxlcfgkr|ls nbsls s|~ iBS%z~lzlghkg` &~zxkxkag h|g eel

BS za|~ biiag`l~ b~xkokckliilelgx iBS%zbxf+) ils caee|gb|xs

N@Z a| hls elx~kc' Za|~ |gl eel hlsxkgbxkag) ils ~slb|v eb~r|s blc ib

bil|~ plk`fx ib zi|s oa~xl sagx z~o~s b|v b|x~ls~slb|v'


47/84

80


Ki lsx zassknil hl eb~r|l~ xa|s ils ~slb|v ~l|s h|g akskg N@Zblc |gl bil|~ plk`fx zb~xkc|ik~l =

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU plk`fx Tbil|~ plk`fxU

Hbgs ilvlezil ck%hlss|s) sk ^> z~o~l s{sxebxkr|lelgx ^3 ^2)akck ib cagok`|~bxkag zassknil hl ^> =

BS 2

^2 lN@Z

BS >

^>

BS 3

^3lN@Z

2;3'8;'2'2 2;3'8;'2'> 2;


~a|xl~ n`z >


glk fna~ 2;3'8;'2'2 plk fx 2::

glk fna~ 2; plk fx >::


49/84

8;


\xkiksbxkag hl plk`fx blc |gl okixl~%iksx = glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU okixl~%iksx Tg|e~a okixl~%iksxU

plk`fx Tbil|~ plk`fxU

kz bs%zbxf bcclss%iksx Tg|e~a okixl~%iksxU Tzl~ekx y hlg{UTbs%zbxfU

\xkiksbxkag hl plk`fx blc |gl ~a|xl%ebz= glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU ~a|xl%ebz Tgae hl ib ~a|xl%

ebzU kg

kz bs%zbxf bcclss%iksx Tg|e~a okixl~%iksxUTzl~ekx y hlg{UTbs%zbxfU

~a|xl%ebz Tgae hl ib ~a|xl%ebzU Tzl~ekx y hlg{U Tg|e~ahkgsxbgcl hl ib ~a|xl%ebzU

ebxcf bs%zbxf Tg|e~a okixl~%iksxU

slx plk`fx Tbil|~ plk`fxU


50/84

) zi|xx r|l cl|vbggagcs zb~ ^3) lx ^2 gl l|x hls ~slb|v ciklgxs hl ^8 r|l kb^3 lx zbs kb ^>' Ha ib cagok`|~bxkag hl ^2 nbsl s|~ |glokixl~%iksx =

BS 2

^2

BS >

^>

BS 3

^3

2;3'8;'2'2 2;3'8;'2'>

Cagok |~bxkag ~a|xl|~ 2~a|xl~ n`z 2

glk fna~ 2;3'8;'2'> ~leaxl%bs >

glk fna~ 2;3'8;'2'> okixl~%iksx 22 plk fx >::

glk fna~ 2;3' ~leaxl%bs 3

glk fna~ 2;3' okixl~%iksx >> plk fx 2::

BS 8

^8lN@ZlN@Z

lN@Z2;3'


54/84


55/84


56/84


57/84


58/84


59/84


60/84

?:

Z~aclss|s hl hckskag N@Z Zb~bex~l hksxbgcl

Bxxlgxkag = ki lsx xlcfgkr|lelgx zassknil hl cfbg`l~ ibbil|~ hl hksxbgcl bssackl N@Z) ebks ki glsx zbs h| xa|xcagslkii hl il obk~l "

S{gxbvl = hksxbgcl n`z Thksxbgcl lvxl~gl &:''>


61/84

?2

Z~aclss|s hxbkii hl hckskagN@Z Bi`a~kxfel

_akck ils z~kgckzbils xbzls za|~ hxl~ekgl~ il nlsx%zbxf = Z~o~l~ il cflekg b{bgx ib bil|~ plk`fx ib zi|s `~bghl

&zb~bex~l z~az~kxbk~l Cksca+

Z~o~l~ il cflekg b{bgx ib bil|~ iacbi%z~lo ib zi|s`~bghl'

Z~o~l~ il cflekg b{bgx |gl a~k`kgl iacbil) hagc `g~ kb|gl caeebghl glxpa~d a| b``~l`bxl &ils ~slb|v`g~s kb ib caeebghl glxpa~d xbgx l|v%eelsz~ka~kxbk~ls zb~ ~bzza~x b|v b`~`bxs+ a| bzz~ks kb |gl~lhksx~kn|xkag h|g K@Z'

Z~o~l~ il cflekg b{bgx iBS%zbxf il zi|s ca|~x'

Z~o~l~ il cflekg blc il x{zl ha~k`kgl il zi|s zlxkx = K@Z&k+ lsx zi|s zlxkx r|l L@Z &l+) lx L@Z lsx zi|s zlxkx r|lKgcaezilxl &1+

Z hx kii h h k k


62/84

?>

Z~aclss|s hxbkii hl hckskagN@Z Bi`a~kxfel

Z~o~l~ il cflekg b{bgx ib bil|~ elx~kc &ELH+ ib zi|szlxkxl'

Z~o~l~ |g cflekg lvxl~gl &lN@Z+ |g cflekg kgxl~gl &kN@Z+'

Z~o~l~ il cflekg bggagc zb~ il ~a|xl|~ b{bgx ib bil|~ hl~a|xl~%KH ib zi|s zlxkxl &ib bil|~ hl ~a|xl~%KH lsx zb~hob|x ibh~lssl KZ ib zi|s fb|xl h| ~a|xl|~) ils bh~lssls hlIaaznbcd xbgx z~o~ls+ &gaxl= ki lsx zassknil hl szckokl~|gl bil|~ hl ~a|xl~%KH kb ib caeebghl n`z ~a|xl~%khTbh~lssl KZU+'

Z~o~l~ il cflekg bggagc zb~ il ~a|xl|~ b{bgx ibh~lssl KZ ibzi|s nbssl'


63/84

?3

Okix~b`l N@Z

Ki lvksxl zi|skl|~s x{zls hl okix~b`l N@Z =

okix~b`l nbs s|~ ils ~slb|v

okix~b`l nbs s|~ ils BS%zbxfs

okix~b`l nbs s|~ ils caee|gb|xs

Okix N@Z n i


64/84

?8

Okix~b`l N@Z nbs s|~ ils~slb|v Z~kgckzl

Il okix~b`l N@Z nbs s|~ ils~slb|v cagsksxl bzzikr|l~) b| gklb|hl ib hcib~bxkag h|g akskg N@Z) |gl BCI ~a|xb`l' Cl x{zl hlokix~b`l zl~elx bia~s hl gl zbs bggagcl~ |g akskg N@Z cl~xbkgs~slb|v &BCI a|x+) a| hl ~lo|sl~ cl~xbkgs ~slb|v~l|s hl clakskg N@Z &BCI kg+ =

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU hksx~kn|xl%iksx Tg|e~a BCIUTkgya|xU

Okix~b`l N@Z nbs s ~ ils


65/84

? b~lx~bgselxx~l xa|s ils ~slb|v ciklgxs hl ^2 ^3' Ag sa|fbkxl zb~lvlezil r|l ^> gl ~lx~bgselxxl ^3 r|l il ~slb| 2;3'2':':!>8kss| hl ^2 lx zbs il ~slb| 2;3'2'2':!>8' Ha ib cagok`|~bxkagzassknil hl ^>) lg |xkiksbgx |gl hksx~kn|xl%iksx =


~a|xl~ n`z >

glxpa~d2;3'>':':

glxpa~d2;3'>'2':


BS 2

^2 lN@Z

BS >

^>

BS 3

^3lN@Z

2;3'8;'2'2 2;3'8;'2'> 2;

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'2':':!>82;3'2'2':!>8

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'>':':!>82;3'>'2':!>8

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'3':':!>82;3'3'2':!>8

glk fna~ 2; hksx~kn|xl%iksx 2: a|x

%

bcclss%iksx 2: hlg{ 2;3'2'2': :':':'>8'

Okix~b`l N@Z nbs s|~ ils BS


66/84

??

Okix~b`l N@Z nbs s|~ ils BS%zbxfs Z~kgckzl

Il okix~b`l N@Z nbs s|~ ils BS%zbxfs cagsksxl bzzikr|l~ |glokixl~%iksx a| |gl ~a|xl%ebz b| gklb| hl ib hcib~bxkagh| akskg N@Z' Cl x{zl hl okix~b`l zl~elx hl gl zbs bggagcl~ |gakskg N@Z cl~xbkgs ~slb|v &eb~r|s blc |g BS%zbxf hagg+)a| hl ~lo|sl~ cl~xbkgs ~slb|v &eb~r|s blc |g BS%zbxf

hagg+ ~l|s hl cl akskg'



67/84

?0

Okix~b`l N@Z nbs s|~ ils BS%zbxfs S{gxbvl

\g okix~l N@Z nbs s|~ ils BS%zbxfs) sc~kx sa|s oa~el h|gllvz~lsskag ~`|ik~l) lx obkx bzzli |gl s{gxbvl zb~xkc|ik~l) hagxakck ils z~kgckzb|v s{enails =

W = hsk`gl il hn|x h|gl cfbgl hl cb~bcx~ls &zl|x x~lb|ssk |xkiks za|~ ib g`bxkag h|gl cfbgl hl cb~bcx~ls sk |xkiks

b| hn|x h|gl hsk`gbxkag h|g kgxl~biil hl cb~bcx~ls =TWkgxl~biil hl cb~bcx~lsU+

( = hsk`gl ib okg h|gl cfbgl hl cb~bcx~ls

' = hsk`gl gkeza~xl r|li cb~bcx~l sl|i &{ caez~ks ilszbcl+

Q = ca~~lszagh hls cb~bcx~ls szckb|v &{ caez~ks il hn|xa| ib okg h|gl cfbgl hl cb~bcx~ls a| ilszbcl+

T U = hsk`gl |g kgxl~biil hl cb~bcx~ls

% = szb~bxl|~ h|g kgxl~biil



68/84

?6


1 = sk`gkokl b|c|g a| |g ielgx bikhl - = sk`gkokl b|c|g a| zi|skl|~s ielgxs bikhls

$ = sk`gkokl |g a| zi|skl|~s ielgxs bikhls



69/84

?;


Lvlezils = '- = xa|xls ils ~a|xls

W( = ~a|xls iacbils sl|ilelgx &b{bgx za|~ a~k`kgl iBS iacbi+

W>>::( = ~a|xls b{bgx za|~ a~k`kgl BS >>:: &BS >>:: xbgxbia~s |g BS hk~lcxlelgx cagglcx+

Q>>::( = ~a|xls b{bgx za|~ a~k`kgl BS >>:: Q>>::Q = ~a|xls kb iBS >>::

Q&>>::y>>:2+Q = ~a|xls kb iBS >>:: a| iBS >>:2

WT:%;U$( = ~a|xls blc |g BS%zbxf hl iag`|l|~ 2

WT:%;U$QT:%;U$( = ~a|xls blc |g BS%zbxf hl iag`|l|~ >

WT:%;U-QT:%;U$( = ~a|xls blc |g BS%zbxf hl iag`|l|~ 2 a| >



70/84

0:

Okix~b`l N@Z nbs s|~ ils BS%zbxfs Lvlezil

Hbgs ilvlezil ck%hlss|s) sk b|c|g okix~b`l glsx loolcx|) ^> b~lx~bgselxx~l xa|s ils ~slb|v ciklgxs hl ^2 ^3' Ag sa|fbkxl zb~lvlezil r|l ^> gl ~lx~bgselxxl ^3 b|c|g hls ~slb|v hl ^2'Ha ib cagok`|~bxkag zassknil hl ^>) lg bzzikr|bgx |gl okixl~%iksx b| gklb| h| zll~kg` blc ^3 =

BS 2

^2 lN@Z

BS >

^>

BS 3

^3lN@Z

2;3'8;'2'2 2;3'8;'2'> 2;

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'2':':!>82;3'2'2':!>8

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'>':':!>82;3'>'2':!>8

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'3':':!>82;3'3'2':!>8


~a|xl~ n`z >

glxpa~d2;3'>':':

glxpa~d2;3'>'2':


%

glk fna~ 2; okixl~%iksx 2: a|x

%

kz bs%zbxf bcclss%iksx 2: hlg{ Q2(

kz bs%zbxf bcclss%iksx 2: zl~ekx '-

%

Okix~b`l N@Z nbs s|~ ils


71/84

02

Okix~b`l N@Z nbs s|~ ilscaee|gb|xs Lvlezil

Hbgs ilvlezil ck%hlss|s) sk b|c|g okix~b`l glsx loolcx|) ^> b~lx~bgselxx~l xa|s ils ~slb|v ciklgxs hl ^2 ^3' Ag sa|fbkxl zb~lvlezil r|l ^> gl ~lx~bgselxxl ^3 b|c|g hls ~slb|v hl ^2'Ha ib cagok`|~bxkag zassknil hl ^2) lg |xkiksbgx |gl caee|gb|xz~hokgkl ga%lvza~x =

BS 2

^2 lN@Z

BS >

^>

BS 3

^3lN@Z

2;3'8;'2'2 2;3'8;'2'> 2;

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'2':':!>82;3'2'2':!>8

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'>':':!>82;3'>'2':!>8

^slb|v ciklgxs2;3'3':':!>82;3'3'2':!>8


~a|xl~ n`z 2

glxpa~d2;3'2':':

glxpa~d2;3'2'2':


glk fna~ 2;3'8;'2'> slgh%caee|gkx{

glk fna~ 2;3'8;'2'> ~a|xl%ebz ~e a|x

%

~a|xl%ebz ~e zl~ekx 2:

slx caee|gkx{ ga%lvza~x

%


73/84

03

Zll~%`~a|z S{gxbvl

Za|~ hcib~l~ |g zll~%`~a|z) ib s{gxbvl lsx skekibk~l cliil|xkiksl za|~ hcib~l~ |g akskg N@Z =

~bzzli hcib~bxkag h|g akskg N@Z =

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU ~leaxl%bs Tg|e~a hBSh| akskgU

hcib~bxkag h|g zll~%`~a|z =

glk`fna~ Tgae h| zll~%`~a|zU zll~%`~a|z

hcib~bxkag h|g akskg hbgs il zll~%`~a|z =

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskgU zll~%`~a|z Tgae h|

zll~%`~a|zU


77/84

00

Cagoh~bxkag N@Z S{gxbvl

Za|~ hcib~l~ |gl cagoh~bxkag N@Z = n`z cagolhl~bxkag khlgxkokl~ Tg|e~a hBS khlgxkokbgx hl ib

cagoh~bxkagU

Za|~ hcib~l~ ils BS kgx`~l~ hbgs ib cagoh~bxkag =

n`z cagolhl~bxkag zll~s Tiksxl hls BS hls b|x~ls ~a|xl|~s hlib cagoh~bxkagU


78/84

06

Cagoh~bxkag N@Z Lvlezil

Hbgs ilvlezil ck%hlss|s) ag b hca|z iBS > lgx~l 3 BS &BS >2)BS >> lx BS >3+) ha ib cagok`|~bxkag zassknil hls ~a|xl|~s=

BS 2

^2 lN@Z

BS >

^> ^3lN@Z

2;3'8;'2'2 2;3'8;'2'> 2;

^8lN@Z

2;>:'2'2

BS >2 BS >> BS >3


~a|xl~ n`z 2



~a|xl~ n`z >2

n`z cagolhl~bxkag khlgxkokl~ >

n`z cagolhl~bxkags zll~s >> >3glk fna~ vvv'vvv'vvv'vvv ~leaxl%bs >2

glk fna~ vvv'vvv'vvv'vvv ~leaxl%bs >2

glk fna~ 2;>:'2'> ~leaxl%bs >3


lN@Z


~a|xl~ n`z >>

n`z cagolhl~bxkag khlgxkokl~ >

n`z cagolhl~bxkags zll~s >2 >3glk fna~ vvv'vvv'vvv'vvv ~leaxl%bs >>

glk fna~ vvv'vvv'vvv'vvv ~leaxl%bs >>

glk fna~ 2;>:'2'> ~leaxl%bs >3


79/84

0;

^a|xl ~loilcxa~ Z~kgckzl

Caeel za|~ ils cagoh~bxkags N@Z) il n|x h|g ~a|xl~loilcxa~ lsx hl ~h|k~l b| ebvke|e il gaen~l hlslsskags kN@Z zb~bex~l~ s|~ cfbr|l ~a|xl|~ h|g eelBS'

kN@Z) ikgl~sl hl lN@Z) lsx |g z~axacail gag x~bgskxko) clsx%%hk~lr|l sk |g ~a|xl|~ kN@Z ^2 x~bgselx hls ~slb|v |g akskg kN@Z^>) ilr|li b i|k%eel |g akskg kN@Z ^3) bia~s ^3 gb|~b zbscaggbkssbgcl hls ~slb|v bggagcs zb~ ^2 &sb|o sk ^3 xbnikx`bilelgx |g zll~kg` kN@Z blc ^2+) ha sa|lgx ib sai|xkaglvx~el r|k cagsksxl hcib~l~ s|~ cfbr|l ~a|xl|~ kN@Z ilgslenilhls b|x~ls ~a|xl|~s kN@Z caeel akskgs &o|ii%elsf+' Blc |g

~a|xl ~loilcxa~) ki g{ b zi|s nlsakg hl o|ii%elsf kN@Z) cb~cfbr|l ~a|xl|~ kN@Z zakgxl s|~ il ~a|xl ~loilcxa~ r|k caggbx~bxa|s ils ~slb|v bggagcs hbgs ikN@Z &gaxl = |g zll~%`~a|zzl|x `bilelgx zakgxl~ s|~ |g ~a|xl ~loilcxa~+'


80/84

6:

^a|xl ~loilcxa~ Z~kgckzl

Il ~a|xl ~loilcxa~ lx sls ciklgxs cagsxkx|lgx |g ci|sxl~' B| slkg h|g BS) ki lsx zassknil hl cagok`|~l~ zi|skl|~s ~a|xl|~s lg xbgx r|l

~a|xl ~loilcxa~'

\g ~a|xl ~loilcxa~ x~bkxl~b |g b|x~l ~a|xl ~loilcxa~ hl iBS caeel|g skezil ~a|xl|~ kN@Z'

Gaxl = bokg hkxl~ ils na|cils) |g ~a|xl|~ N@Z gbcclzxl~b zbs ils

kgoa~ebxkags hl ~a|xb`l r|k agx za|~ a~k`kgl sag z~az~l BS &kxl~ ilsna|cils lg lN@Z+'Ebks ils na|cils b| slkg h|g eel BS &kN@Z+ glzl|lgx zbs x~l kxls lg bzzikr|bgx skezilelgx clxxl ~`il' R|bgh hls~a|xl ~loilcxa~ sagx hzia{s) clsx `~cl b|v zb~bex~ls a~k`kgbxa~%kh lx ci|sxl~%iksx r|l ils na|cils sagx kxls' Il zb~bex~la~k`kgbxa~%kh cagxklgx il ~a|xl~%kh h| ~a|xl|~ ia~k`kgl hl ib ~a|xl =

sk |g ~a|xl|~ ~lakx |gl kgoa~ebxkag hl ~a|xb`l blc za|~ a~k`kgbxa~%khi|k%eel) bia~s ki ik`ga~l' Il zb~bex~l ci|sxl~%iksx cagxklgx ilsci|sxl~%kh hls ci|sxl~s x~bl~ss) hagc sk |g ~a|xl%~loilcxa~~lakx |gl kgoa~ebxkag hl ~a|xb`l blc |gl ci|sxl~%iksx cagxlgbgx sagz~az~l ci|sxl~%kh) bia~s ki ik`ga~l'


81/84

62

^a|xl ~loilcxa~ Lvlezil

BS 2

^>

^2

^3

^8

kN@ZkN@Z

kN@Z kN@Z

Sbgs ~a|xl ~loilcxa~)ebkiib`l kN@Z xaxbi &o|ii%elsf+'

BS 2

^>

^2

^3

^8

kN@Z kN@Z

kN@Z kN@Z

Blc ~a|xl ~loilcxa~)ebkiib`l kN@Z zb~xkli'


82/84

6>

^a|xl ~loilcxa~ S{gxbvl

Il ciklgx h|g ~a|xl ~loilcxa~ lsx hcib~ s|~ il ~a|xl~loilcxa~ i|k%eel) kb ils caeebghls s|kbgxls =

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskg ciklgx h| ~a|xl ~loilcxa~U~leaxl%bs Tg|e~a hBS h| akskgU

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| akskg ciklgx h| ~a|xl ~loilcxa~U ~a|xl%

~loilcxa~%ciklgx

B| gklb| h| ~a|xl|~ ciklgx) il obkx hl zakgxl~ l~s |g ~a|xl~loilcxa~ lsx |g skezil zll~kg` kN@Z =

~a|xl~ n`z Tg|e~a hBSU

glk`fna~ Tbh~lssl KZ h| ~a|xl ~loilcxa~U ~leaxl%bs Tg|e~ahBS h| akskgU


83/84

@i k


84/84

@iassbk~l

EN@Z E|ixkz~axacai &E|ixkcbsx+ Na~hl~ @bxlpb{ Z~axacai ELH E|ixk Lvkx Hksc~kekgbxa~

EZ%N@Z E|ixkZ~axacai Na~hl~ @bxlpb{ Z~axacai

EZIS E|ixkZ~axacai Ibnli Spkxcfkg`

ESHZ E|ixkcbsx Sa|~cl Hkscal~{ Z~axacai

GI^K Glxpa~dIb{l~ ^lbcfbnkikx{ Kgoa~ebxkag ASZO Azlg Sfa~xlsx Zbxf Ok~sx

ZKE%SE Z~axacai Kghlzlghlgx E|ixkcbsx % Szb~sl Eahl

^KZ ^ a|xkg` Kgoa~ebxkag Z~axacai

^Z ^lghl}%a|s Zakgx

SBZ SlsskagBgga|gclelgx Z~axacai

SH^ Slsskag Hk~lcxa~{

XCZ X~bgsol~ Cagx~ai Z~axacai

bgpfr2008 fardous

Documents

Transcript of bgpfr2008 fardous