Badminton gk

8/12/2019 Badminton gk

1/21

BadmintonFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the sport. For other uses, see Badminton (disambiguation).

Badminton

Danish badminton player Peter ade

Highest governing

body

Badminton World

Federation

First played !"th century

CharacteristicsContact #o

Team members $ingle or doubles

Type %ac&uet sport

Equipment $huttlecock

Presence

Olympic !''present

Badmintonis a rac&uet sportplayed by either t*o opposing players (singles) or t*o

opposing pairs (doubles), *ho take positions on opposite hal+es of a rectangular court

di+ided by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock*ith their rac&uet so that itpasses o+er the net and lands in their opponents half of the court. -ach side may only strike

the shuttlecock once before it passes o+er the net. rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck

the floor, or if a fault has been called by either the umpire or ser+ice /udge or, in their

absence, the offending player, at any time during the rally.0!1

The shuttlecock (or shuttle) is a feathered (or, mainly in uncompetiti+e games, plastic)

pro/ectile *hose uni&ue aerodynamic properties cause it to fly differently from the balls used

in most rac&uet sports2 in particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing the

shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly than a ball. $huttlecocks ha+e a much higher top

speed, *hen compared to other rac&uet sports. Because shuttlecock flight is affected by *ind,

competiti+e badminton is played indoors. Badminton is also played outdoors as a casualrecreational acti+ity, often as a garden or beach game.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_governing_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_governing_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_World_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_World_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racquet_sporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_racquet_sportshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Badminton_Peter_Gade.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_governing_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_governing_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_World_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_World_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racquet_sporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_racquet_sportshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_(disambiguation)


2/21

$ince !'', badminton has been an 3lympic sport*ith fi+e e+ents4 mens and *omens

singles, mens and *omens doubles, and mi5ed doubles, in *hich each pair consists of a man

and a *oman. t high le+els of play, especially in singles, the sport demands e5cellent

fitness4 players re&uire aerobic stamina, agility, e5plosi+e strength, speed and precision. 6t is

also a technical sport, re&uiring good motor coordinationand the de+elopment of

sophisticated rac&uet mo+ements.01

Contents

! 7istory and de+elopment

%ules

o .! Playing court dimensions

o . -&uipment rules

o .8 $coring system and ser+ice

.8.! $er+ing

.8. $coring

.8.8 9ets

8 -&uipment

o 8.! %ackets

o 8. $trings

o 8.8 rip

o 8.: $huttlecock

o 8.; $hoes

: $trokes

o :.! Forehand and backhand

o

:. Position of the shuttlecock and recei+ing player

o :.8


3/21

> o+erning bodies

" ?ompetitions

@ ?omparisons *ith other rac&uet sports

o @.! ?omparisons of speed and athletic re&uirements

o @. ?omparisons of techni&ue

o @.8 Distincti+e characteristics of the shuttlecock

@.8.! erodynamic drag and stability

@.8. $pin

' $ee also

!A %eferences

!! Books

! -5ternal links

History and development

ame ofbattledore and shuttlecockin !@A:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Governing_bodieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Competitionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Comparisons_with_other_racquet_sportshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Comparisons_with_other_racquet_sportshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Comparisons_of_speed_and_athletic_requirementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Comparisons_of_techniquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Distinctive_characteristics_of_the_shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Aerodynamic_drag_and_stabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Spinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Bookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battledore_and_shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battledore_-_Youthful_Sports.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battledore_-_Youthful_Sports.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Governing_bodieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Competitionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Comparisons_with_other_racquet_sportshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Comparisons_of_speed_and_athletic_requirementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Comparisons_of_techniquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Distinctive_characteristics_of_the_shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Aerodynamic_drag_and_stabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Spinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Bookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battledore_and_shuttlecock


4/21

Battledore and Shuttlecock. 1854, from theJohn LeechArchive081

The beginnings of badminton can be traced to the mid!@AAs inBritish 6ndia, *here it *as

created by British military officers stationed there.0:1-arly photographs sho* -nglishmen

adding a net to the traditional -nglish game ofbattledore and shuttlecock. The sport is relatedtoball badminton, *hich originated in Tamil #adu, and is similar to 7anetsuki*hich

originated in Capan. Being particularly popular in the British garrison to*n Poona (no*

Pune), the game also came to be kno*n asPoona.0:10;16nitially, balls of *ool referred asball

badminton*ere preferred by the upper classes in *indy or *et conditions, but ultimately the

shuttlecock stuck. This game *as taken by retired officers back to -ngland *here it

de+eloped and rules *ere set out.

lthough it appears clear that Badminton 7ouse, loucestershire,o*ned by the Duke of

Beaufort, has gi+en its name to the sports, it is unclear *hen and *hy the name *as adopted.

s early as !@>A, 6saac $pratt, a 9ondon toy dealer, published a booklet,Badminton

Battledore a new game, but unfortunately no copy has sur+i+ed.0>1n !@>8 article in he!ornhill "aga#inedescribes badminton as battledore and shuttlecock played *ith sides,

across a string suspended some fi+e feet from the ground. 0"1This early use has cast doubt on

the origin through e5patriates in 6ndia, though it is kno*n that it *as popular there in the

!@"As and that the first rules *ere dra*n up in Poonah in !@"8.0>10"1nother source cites that

it *as in !@"" at Earachiin (British) 6ndia, *here the first attempt *as made to form a set of

rules.0@1

s early as !@";, +eterans returning from 6ndia started a club inFolkestone.ntil !@@", the

sport *as played in -ngland under the rules that pre+ailed in British 6ndia. The Bath

Badminton ?lub standardiGed the rules and made the game applicable to -nglish ideas. C.7.-.

7art dre* up re+ised basic regulations in !@@" and, *ith Bagnel Wild, again in !@'A.0>16n

!@'8, the Badminton ssociation of -ngland published the first set of rules according to
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Leech_(caricaturist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Guillain47-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Guillain47-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battledore_and_shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battledore_and_shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_badmintonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanetsukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Guillain47-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-OFB195-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-OFB195-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_badmintonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_badmintonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucestershirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucestershirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Beauforthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Beauforthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Spratthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Adams-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Adams-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-OED-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Adams-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-OED-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkestonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkestonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkestonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Adams-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battledore-and-shuttlecock.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battledore-and-shuttlecock.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Leech_(caricaturist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Guillain47-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battledore_and_shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_badmintonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanetsukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Guillain47-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-OFB195-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_badmintonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_badmintonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucestershirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Beauforthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Beauforthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Spratthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Adams-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-OED-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Adams-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-OED-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkestonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-Adams-6


5/21

these regulations, similar to todays rules, and officially launched badminton in a house called

Dunbar at > Wa+erley ro+e, Portsmouth,-ngland on $eptember !8 of that year.0'1They

also started the ll -ngland 3pen Badminton ?hampionships,the first badminton

competition in the *orld, in !@''.

The 6nternational Badminton Federation (6BF) (no* kno*n asBadminton World Federation)*as established in !'8: *ith ?anada, Denmark, -ngland, France, the #etherlands, 6reland,

#e* Healand, $cotland, and Wales as its founding members. 6ndia /oined as an affiliate in

!'8>. The BWF no* go+erns international badminton and de+elops the sport globally.

While initiated in -ngland, competiti+e mens badminton in -urope has traditionally been

dominated by Denmark. sian nations, ho*e+er, ha+e been the most dominant ones

*orld*ide. ?hina, 6ndonesia, $outh Eorea, and =alaysia along *ith Denmark are among the

nations that ha+e consistently produced *orldclass players in the past fe* decades, *ith

?hina being the greatest force in both mens and *omens competition in recent years.

Rules

The follo*ing information is a simplified summary of badminton rules based on the BWF

$tatutes publication,Law$ of Badminton.0!A1

Playing court dimensions

Badminton court, isometric+ie*

The court is rectangular and di+ided into hal+es by a net. ?ourts are usually marked for both

singles and doubles play, although badminton rules permit a court to be marked for singles

only.0!A1The doubles court is *ider than the singles court, but both are of same length. The

e5ception, *hich often causes confusion to ne*er players, is that the doubles court has a

shorter ser+elength dimension.

The full *idth of the court is >.! metres (A ft), and in singles this *idth is reduced to

;.!@ metres (!" ft). The full length of the court is !8.: metres (:: ft). The ser+ice courts are

marked by a centre line di+iding the *idth of the court, by a short ser+ice line at a distance of

!.'@ metres (> ft > inch) from the net, and by the outer side and back boundaries. 6n doubles,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_England_Open_Badminton_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_England_Open_Badminton_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_World_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_World_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-laws-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-laws-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isometric_projectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-laws-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-laws-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-laws-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Badminton_court_3d.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Badminton_court_3d.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_England_Open_Badminton_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_World_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-laws-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isometric_projectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-laws-10


6/21

the ser+ice court is also marked by a long ser+ice line, *hich is A."> metres ( ft > inch) from

the back boundary.

The net is !.;; metres (; ft ! inch) high at the edges and !.;: metres (; ft) high in the

centre. The net posts are placed o+er the doubles sidelines, e+en *hen singles is played.

The minimum height for the ceiling abo+e the court is not mentioned in the 9a*s of

Badminton. #onetheless, a badminton court *ill not be suitable if the ceiling is likely to be

hit on a high ser+e.

Equipment rules

Badminton rules restrict the design and siGe of rac&uets and shuttlecocks. Badminton rules

also pro+ide for testing a shuttlecock for the correct speed4

8.!

To test a shuttlecock, hit a full underhand stroke *hich makes contact *ith the

shuttlecock o+er the back boundary line. The shuttlecock shall be hit at an

up*ard angle and in a direction parallel to the side lines.

8.

shuttlecock of the correct speed *ill land not less than ;8A mm and not

more than ''A mm short of the other back boundary line.

Scoring system and service


7/21

The legal bounds of a badminton court during +arious stages of a rally for singles and doubles

games.

=ain article4 $coring system de+elopment of badminton

Serving

-ach game is played to ! points, *ith players scoring a point *hene+er they *in a rally

regardless of *hether they ser+ed 0!A1(this differs from the old system *here players could

only *in a point on their ser+e and each game *as played to !; points). match is the best of

three games.

t the start of the rally, the ser+er and recei+er stand in diagonally opposite$ervice court$

(see court dimensions). The ser+er hits the shuttlecock so that it *ould land in the recei+ers

ser+ice court. This is similar to tennis, e5cept that a badminton ser+e must be hit belo* *aist

height and *ith the rac&uet shaft pointing do*n*ards, the shuttlecock is not allo*ed to

bounce and in badminton, the players stand inside their ser+ice courts unlike tennis.

When the ser+ing side loses a rally, the ser+e immediately passes to their opponent(s) (this

differs from the old system *here sometimes the ser+e passes to the doubles partner for *hat

is kno*n as a second ser+e).

6n singles, the ser+er stands in their right ser+ice court *hen their score is e+en, and in herIhisleft ser+ice court *hen herIhis score is odd.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoring_system_development_of_badmintonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-laws-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Playing_court_dimensionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Badminton_court_legal_bounds.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Badminton_court_legal_bounds.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoring_system_development_of_badmintonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-laws-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Playing_court_dimensionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis


8/21

6n doubles, if the ser+ing side *ins a rally, the same player continues to ser+e, but heIshe

changes ser+ice courts so that sheIhe ser+es to a different opponent each time. 6f the

opponents *in the rally and their ne* score is e+en, the player in the right ser+ice court

ser+es2 if odd, the player in the left ser+ice court ser+es. The players ser+ice courts are

determined by their positions at the start of the pre+ious rally, not by *here they *ere

standing at the end of the rally. conse&uence of this system is that, each time a side regainsthe ser+ice, the ser+er *ill be the player *ho did notser+e last time.

Scoring

When the ser+er ser+es, the shuttlecock must pass o+er the short ser+ice line on the

opponents court or it *ill count as a fault.

6f the score reaches Aall, then the game continues until one side gains a t*o point lead (such

as :), up to a ma5imum of 8A points (8A' is a *inning score).

t the start of a match, the shuttlecock is cast and the side to*ards *hich the shuttlecock ispointing ser+es first. lternati+ely, a coin may be tossed, *ith the *inners choosing *hether

to ser+e or recei+e first, or choosing *hich end of the court to occupy, and their opponents

making the lefto+er the remaining choice.

6n subse&uent games, the *inners of the pre+ious game ser+e first. =atches are best out of

three4 a player or pair must *in t*o games (of ! points each) to *in the match. For the first

rally of any doubles game, the ser+ing pair may decide *ho ser+es and the recei+ing pair may

decide *ho recei+es. The players change ends at the start of the second game2 if the match

reaches a third game, they change ends both at the start of the game and *hen the leading

players or pairs score reaches !! points.

The ser+er and recei+er must remain *ithin their ser+ice courts, *ithout touching the

boundary lines, until the ser+er strikes the shuttlecock. The other t*o players may stand

*here+er they *ish, so long as they do not block the +ision of the ser+er or recei+er.

ets

6f a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed *ith no change to the score. 9ets may occur

because of some une5pected disturbance such as a shuttlecock landing on court (ha+ing been

hit there by players on an ad/acent court) or in small halls the shuttle may touch an o+erhead

rail *hich can be classed as a let.

6f the recei+er is not ready *hen the ser+ice is deli+ered, a let shall be called2 yet, if the

recei+er attempts to return the shuttlecock, he shall be /udged to ha+e been ready.

Equipment


9/21

Badminton rac&uets

Rac!ets

Badminton racketsare light*eight, *ith top &uality rac&uets *eighing bet*een "A and

'; grams (.: to 8.8 ounces) not including grip or strings.0!!10!1They are composed of many

different materials ranging from carbon fibre composite(graphite reinforced plastic) to solid

steel, *hich may be augmented by a +ariety of materials.?arbon fibrehas an e5cellent

strength to *eight ratio, is stiff, and gi+es e5cellent kinetic energytransfer. Before the

adoption of carbon fibre composite, rac&uets *ere made of light metals such as aluminium.

-arlier still, rac&uets *ere made of *ood. ?heap rac&uets are still often made of metals such

as steel, but *ooden rac&uets are no longer manufactured for the ordinary market, because of

their e5cessi+e mass and cost. #o*adays, nanomaterials such asfullereneandcarbon

nanotubesare added to rackets gi+ing them greater durability.0citation needed1

There is a *ide +ariety of rac&uet designs, although the la*s limit the rac&uet siGe and shape.

Different rac&uets ha+e playing characteristics that appeal to different players. The traditional

o+al head shape is still a+ailable, but anisometrichead shape is increasingly common in ne*

rac&uets.

Strings

Badminton strings are thin, high performing strings in the range of about A.> to A."8 mm

thickness. Thicker strings are more durable, but many players prefer the feel of thinner

strings. $tring tension is normally in the range of @A to !>A#(!@ to 8> lbf). %ecreationalplayers generally string at lo*er tensions than professionals, typically bet*een @A and !!A #

(!@ and ; lbf). Professionals string bet*een about !!A and !>A # (; and 8> lbf). $ome

string manufacturers measure the thickness of their strings under tension so they are actually

thicker than specified *hen slack. sha*ay =icropo*er is actually A."mm but Jone5 B>>

is about A."mm.

6t is often argued that high string tensions impro+e control, *hereas lo* string tensions

increase po*er.0!81The arguments for this generally rely on crude mechanical reasoning, such

as claiming that a lo*er tension string bed is more bouncy and therefore pro+ides more

po*er. This is in fact incorrect, for a higher string tension can cause the shuttle to slide off the

rac&uet and hence make it harder to hit a shot accurately. n alternati+e +ie* suggests that

the optimum tension for po*er depends on the player40!!1the faster and more accurately a
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racquethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racket_(sports_equipment)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-oqgysc-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fiber_compositehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite_reinforced_plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotubeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotubeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotubeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/isometrichttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/isometrichttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/isometrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_(unit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound-forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-oqgysc-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-oqgysc-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heads_of_badminton_raquets.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heads_of_badminton_raquets.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racquethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racket_(sports_equipment)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-oqgysc-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fiber_compositehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite_reinforced_plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotubeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotubeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/isometrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_(unit)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound-forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-oqgysc-11


10/21

player can s*ing their rac&uet, the higher the tension for ma5imum po*er. #either +ie* has

been sub/ected to a rigorous mechanical analysis, nor is there clear e+idence in fa+our of one

or the other. The most effecti+e *ay for a player to find a good string tension is to

e5periment.

"rip

The choice of grip allo*s a player to increase the thickness of their rac&uet handle and

choose a comfortable surface to hold. player may build up the handle *ith one or se+eral

grips before applying the final layer.

Players may choose bet*een a +ariety of grip materials. The most common choices areP

synthetic grips or to*elling grips. rip choice is a matter of personal preference. Players

often find that s*eat becomes a problem2 in this case, a drying agent may be applied to the

grip or hands, s*eatbands may be used, the player may choose another grip material or

change hisIher grip more fre&uently.

There are t*o main types of grip4 re%lacementgrips and overgri%$. %eplacement grips are

thicker, and are often used to increase the siGe of the handle. 3+ergrips are thinner (less than

! mm), and are often used as the final layer. =any players, ho*e+er, prefer to use

replacement grips as the final layer. To*elling grips are al*ays replacement grips.

%eplacement grips ha+e an adhesi+e backing, *hereas o+ergrips ha+e only a small patch of

adhesi+e at the start of the tape and must be applied under tension2 o+ergrips are more

con+enient for players *ho change grips fre&uently, because they may be remo+ed more

rapidly *ithout damaging the underlying material.

$huttlecocks*ith feathers

shuttlecock *ith a plastic skirt

Shuttlecoc!

=ain article4 $huttlecock

shuttlecock (often abbre+iated to$huttle2 also called a &irdie) is a highdragpro/ectile, *ith

an open conical shape4 the cone is formed from si5teen o+erlappingfeathersembedded into arounded cork base. The corkis co+ered *ith thin leatheror synthetic material.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_(geometry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feathershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feathershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(material)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ShuttlecockPhoto.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ShuttlecockPhoto.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shuttlecocks_Yonex_Aerosensa_20.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shuttlecocks_Yonex_Aerosensa_20.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttlecockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_(geometry)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feathershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(material)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather


11/21

$yntheticshuttles are often used by recreational players to reduce their costs as feathered

shuttles break easily. These nylon shuttles may be constructed *ith either natural cork or

synthetic foam base, and a plastic skirt.

Shoes

Badminton shoesare light*eight *ith soles of rubberor similar highgrip, nonmarking

materials.

?ompared to running shoes, badminton shoes ha+e little lateral support. 7igh le+els of lateral

support are useful for acti+ities *here lateral motion is undesirable and une5pected.

Badminton, ho*e+er, re&uires po*erful lateral mo+ements. highly builtup lateral support

*ill not be able to protect the foot in badminton2 instead, it *ill encourage catastrophic

collapse at the point *here the shoes support fails, and the players ankles are not ready for

the sudden loading, *hich can cause sprains. For this reason, players should choose

badminton shoes rather than general trainers or running shoes, because proper badminton

shoes *ill ha+e a +ery thin sole, lo*er a persons centre of gra+ity, and therefore result in

fe*er in/uries. Players should also ensure that they learn safe and proper foot*ork, *ith the

knee and foot in alignment on all lunges. This is more than /ust a safety concern4 proper

foot*ork is also critical in order to mo+e effecti+ely around the court.

Stro!es

This section does not citeanyre#erences or sources. Please help impro+e this

section by adding citations to reliable sources. nsourced material may be

challenged andremo+ed. 'Se%tem&er ())*+

player flies high at the olden ate Badminton ?lub (B?) in =enlo Park, AA>

Forehand and bac!hand

Badminton offers a *ide +ariety of basic strokes, and players re&uire a high le+el of skill to

perform all of them effecti+ely. ll strokes can be played eitherforehandor &ackhand.

players forehand side is the same side as their playing hand4 for a righthanded player, the

forehand side is their right side and the backhand side is their left side. Forehand strokes are

hit *ith the front of the hand leading (like hitting *ith the palm), *hereas backhand strokes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nylon_(material)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_shoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_(structure)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GGOpen_Setiadi.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GGOpen_Setiadi.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nylon_(material)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletic_shoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_(structure)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence


12/21

are hit *ith the back of the hand leading (like hitting *ith the knuckles). Players fre&uently

play certain strokes on the forehand side *ith a backhand hitting action, and +ice +ersa.

6n the forecourt and midcourt, most strokes can be played e&ually effecti+ely on either the

forehand or backhand side2 but in the rear court, players *ill attempt to play as many strokes

as possible on their forehands, often preferring to play a roundtheheadforehand o+erhead (aforehand on the backhand side) rather than attempt a backhand o+erhead. Playing a

backhand o+erhead has t*o main disad+antages. First, the player must turn their back to their

opponents, restricting their +ie* of them and the court. $econd, backhand o+erheads cannot

be hit *ith as much po*er as forehands4 the hitting action is limited by the shoulder /oint,

*hich permits a much greater range of mo+ement for a forehand o+erhead than for a

backhand. The &ackhand clearis considered by most players and coaches to be the most

difficult basic stroke in the game, since precise techni&ue is needed in order to muster enough

po*er for the shuttlecock to tra+el the full length of the court. For the same reason, &ackhand

$ma$he$tend to be *eak.

Position o# the shuttlecoc! and receiving player

player does a forehand ser+ice, AA', Philadelphia.

The choice of stroke depends on ho* near the shuttlecock is to the net, *hether it is abo+e

net height, and *here an opponent is currently positioned4 players ha+e much better attacking

options if they can reach the shuttlecock *ell abo+e net height, especially if it is also close to

the net. $n the #orecourt, a high shuttlecock *ill be met *ith a net kill, hitting it steeply

do*n*ards and attempting to *in the rally immediately. This is *hy it is best to drop the

shuttlecock /ust o+er the net in this situation. $n the midcourt, a high shuttlecock *ill usually

be met *ith a po*erful$ma$h, also hitting do*n*ards and hoping for an outright *inner or a*eak reply. thletic-um% $ma$he$, *here players /ump up*ards for a steeper smash angle,

are a common and spectacular element of elite mens doubles play. $n the rearcourt, players

stri+e to hit the shuttlecock *hile it is still abo+e them, rather than allo*ing it to drop lo*er.

This overheadhitting allo*s them to play smashes, clear$(hitting the shuttlecock high and to

the back of the opponents court), and dropshots (hitting the shuttlecock so that it falls softly

do*n*ards into the opponents forecourt). 6f the shuttlecock has dropped lo*er, then a smash

is impossible and a fulllength, high clear is difficult.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BadmintonService.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BadmintonService.jpg


13/21

player prepares for a +ertical /ump smash

%ertical position o# the shuttlecoc!

&hen the shuttlecoc! is 'ell belo' net height, players ha+e no choice but to hit up*ards.Lift$, *here the shuttlecock is hit up*ards to the back of the opponents court, can be played

from all parts of the court. 6f a player does not lift, his only remaining option is to push the

shuttlecock softly back to the net4 in the forecourt this is called a net$hot2 in the midcourt or

rearcourt, it is often called a%u$hor &lock.

&hen the shuttlecoc! is near to net height, players can hit drive$, *hich tra+el flat and

rapidly o+er the net into the opponents rear midcourt and rearcourt. Pushes may also be hit

flatter, placing the shuttlecock into the front midcourt. Dri+es and pushes may be played from

the midcourt or forecourt, and are most often used in doubles4 they are an attempt to regain

the attack, rather than choosing to lift the shuttlecock and defend against smashes. fter a

successful dri+e or push, the opponents *ill often be forced to lift the shuttlecock.

Other #actors

&hen de#ending against a smash, players ha+e three basic options4 lift, block, or dri+e. 6n

singles, a block to the net is the most common reply. 6n doubles, a lift is the safest option but

it usually allo*s the opponents to continue smashing2 blocks and dri+es are counterattacking

strokes, but may be intercepted by the smashers partner. =any players use a backhand hitting

action for returning smashes on both the forehand and backhand sides, because backhands are

more effecti+e than forehands at co+ering smashes directed to the body. 7ard shots directed

to*ards the body are difficult to defend.

The serviceis restricted by the 9a*sand presents its o*n array of stroke choices. nlike in

tennis, the ser+ers racket must be pointing in a do*n*ard direction to deli+er the ser+e so

normally the shuttle must be hit up*ards to pass o+er the net. The ser+er can choose a low

$erveinto the forecourt (like a push), or a lift to the back of the ser+ice court, or a flat drive

$erve. 9ifted ser+es may be either high $erve$, *here the shuttlecock is lifted so high that it

falls almost +ertically at the back of the court, orflick $erve$, *here the shuttlecock is lifted

to a lesser height but falls sooner.

(eception
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Laws_of_the_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BadmintonJumpSmash.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BadmintonJumpSmash.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Laws_of_the_game


14/21

3nce players ha+e mastered these basic strokes, they can hit the shuttlecock from and to any

part of the court, po*erfully and softly as re&uired. Beyond the basics, ho*e+er, badminton

offers rich potential for ad+anced stroke skills that pro+ide a competiti+e ad+antage. Because

badminton players ha+e to co+er a short distance as &uickly as possible, the purpose of many

ad+anced strokes is to decei+e the opponent, so that either he is tricked into belie+ing that a

different stroke is being played, or he is forced to delay his mo+ement until he actually seesthe shuttles direction. Deception in badminton is often used in both of these senses. When a

player is genuinely decei+ed, he *ill often lose the point immediately because he cannot

change his direction &uickly enough to reach the shuttlecock. -5perienced players *ill be

a*are of the trick and cautious not to mo+e too early, but the attempted deception is still

useful because it forces the opponent to delay his mo+ement slightly. gainst *eaker players

*hose intended strokes are ob+ious, an e5perienced player may mo+e before the shuttlecock

has been hit, anticipating the stroke to gain an ad+antage.

Slicingand using a$hortened hitting actionare the t*o main technical de+ices that facilitate

deception. $licing in+ol+es hitting the shuttlecock *ith an angled rac&uet face, causing it to

tra+el in a different direction than suggested by the body or arm mo+ement. $licing alsocauses the shuttlecock to tra+el more slo*ly than the arm mo+ement suggests. For e5ample, a

good crosscourt$liced dro%$hot*ill use a hitting action that suggests a straight clear or

smash, decei+ing the opponent about both the po*er and direction of the shuttlecock. more

sophisticated slicing action in+ol+es brushing the strings around the shuttlecock during the

hit, in order to make the shuttlecock spin. This can be used to impro+e the shuttles tra/ectory,

by making it dip more rapidly as it passes the net2 for e5ample, a sliced lo* ser+e can tra+el

slightly faster than a normal lo* ser+e, yet land on the same spot. $pinning the shuttlecock is

also used to create$%inning net$hot$(also called tum&ling net$hot$), in *hich the shuttlecock

turns o+er itself se+eral times (tumbles) before stabiliGing2 sometimes the shuttlecock remains

in+erted instead of tumbling. The main ad+antage of a spinning netshot is that the opponent

*ill be un*illing to address the shuttlecock until it has stopped tumbling, since hitting the

feathers *ill result in an unpredictable stroke. $pinning netshots are especially important for

high le+el singles players.

The lightness of modern rac&uets allo*s players to use a +ery short hitting action for many

strokes, thereby maintaining the option to hit a po*erful or a soft stroke until the last possible

moment. For e5ample, a singles player may hold his rac&uet ready for a netshot, but then

flick the shuttlecock to the back instead *ith a shallo* lift *hen she or he notices the

opponent has mo+ed before the actual shot *as played. shallo* lift takes less time to reach

the ground and as mentioned abo+e a rally is o+er *hen the shuttlecock touches the ground.

This makes the opponents task of co+ering the *hole court much more difficult than if thelift *as hit higher and *ith a bigger, ob+ious s*ing. short hitting action is not only useful

for deception4 it also allo*s the player to hit po*erful strokes *hen he has no time for a big

arm s*ing. big arm s*ing is also usually not ad+ised in badminton because bigger s*ings

make it more difficult to reco+er for the ne5t shot in fast e5changes. The use of grip

tightening is crucial to these techni&ues, and is often described as finger %ower. -lite players

de+elop finger po*er to the e5tent that they can hit some po*er strokes, such as net kills,

*ith less than a !A cm (: in) rac&uet s*ing.

6t is also possible to re+erse this style of deception, by suggesting a po*erful stroke before

slo*ing do*n the hitting action to play a soft stroke. 6n general, this latter style of deception

is more common in the rearcourt (for e5ample, dropshots disguised as smashes), *hereas the


15/21

former style is more common in the forecourt and midcourt (for e5ample, lifts disguised as

netshots).

Deception is not limited to slicing and short hitting actions. Players may also use dou&le

motion, *here they make an initial rac&uet mo+ement in one direction before *ithdra*ing

the rac&uet to hit in another direction. Players *ill often do this to send opponents in the*rong direction. The rac&uet mo+ement is typically used to suggest a straight angle but then

play the stroke cross court, or +ice +ersa. ri%le motionis also possible, but this is +ery rare in

actual play. n alternati+e to double motion is to use a rac.uet head fake, *here the initial

motion is continued but the rac&uet is turned during the hit. This produces a smaller change

in direction, but does not re&uire as much time.

Strategy

This section does not citeanyre#erences or sources. Please help impro+e this

section by adding citations to reliable sources. nsourced material may bechallenged andremo+ed. 'Se%tem&er ())*+

To *in in badminton, players need to employ a *ide +ariety of strokes in the right situations.

These range from po*erful /umping smashes to delicate tumbling net returns. 3ften rallies

finish *ith a smash, but setting up the smash re&uires subtler strokes. For e5ample, a netshot

can force the opponent to lift the shuttlecock, *hich gi+es an opportunity to smash. 6f the

netshot is tight and tumbling, then the opponents lift *ill not reach the back of the court,

*hich makes the subse&uent smash much harder to return.

Deception is also important. -5pert players prepare for many different strokes that look

identical, and use slicing to decei+e their opponents about the speed or direction of the stroke.6f an opponent tries to anticipate the stroke, he may mo+e in the *rong direction and may be

unable to change his body momentum in time to reach the shuttlecock.

(oubles

Both pairs *ill try to gain and maintain the attack, smashing do*n*ards *hen possible.

Whene+er possible, a pair *ill adopt an ideal attacking formation *ith one player hitting

do*n from the rearcourt, and his partner in the midcourt intercepting all smash returns e5cept

the lift. 6f the rearcourt attacker plays a dropshot, his partner *ill mo+e into the forecourt to

threaten the net reply. 6f a pair cannot hit do*n*ards, they *ill use flat strokes in an attempt

to gain the attack. 6f a pair is forced to lift or clear the shuttlecock, then they must defend4

they *ill adopt a sidebyside position in the rear midcourt, to co+er the full *idth of their

court against the opponents smashes. 6n doubles, players generally smash to the middle

ground bet*een t*o players in order to take ad+antage of confusion and clashes.

t high le+els of play, the backhand ser+e has become popular to the e5tent that forehand

ser+es ha+e become fairly rare at a high le+el of play. The straight lo* ser+e is used most

fre&uently, in an attempt to pre+ent the opponents gaining the attack immediately. Flick

ser+es are used to pre+ent the opponent from anticipating the lo* ser+e and attacking it

decisi+ely.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence


16/21

t high le+els of play, doubles rallies are e5tremely fast. =ens doubles is the most

aggressi+e form of badminton, *ith a high proportion of po*erful /ump smashes and +ery

&uick refle5 e5changes. Because of this, spectator interest is sometimes greater for mens

doubles than for singles.

mi5ed doubles game $cottish $chools under !s tournament,Tranent, =ay AA

Singles

The singles court is narro*er than the doubles court, but the same length. $ince one person

needs to co+er the entire court, singles tactics are based on forcing the opponent to mo+e as

much as possible2 this means that singles strokes are normally directed to the corners of the

court. Players e5ploit the length of the court by combining lifts and clears *ith drop shots andnet shots. $mashing tends to be less prominent in singles than in doubles because the smasher

has no partner to follo* up his effort and is thus +ulnerable to a skillfully placed return.

=oreo+er, fre&uent smashing can be e5hausting in singles *here the conser+ation of a

players energy is at a premium. 7o*e+er, players *ith strong smashes *ill sometimes use

the shot to create openings, and players commonly smash *eak returns to try to end rallies.

6n singles, players *ill often start the rally *ith a forehand high ser+e or *ith a flick ser+e.

9o* ser+es are also used fre&uently, either forehand or backhand. Dri+e ser+es are rare.

t high le+els of play, singles demands e5traordinary fitness. $ingles is a game of patient

positional manoeu+ring, unlike the allout aggression of doubles.

)i*ed doubles

6n mi5ed doubles, both pairs typically try to maintain an attacking formation *ith the *oman

at the front and the man at the back. This is because the male players are usually substantially

stronger, and can therefore produce smashes that are more po*erful. s a result, mi5ed

doubles re&uire greater tactical a*areness and subtler positional play. ?le+er opponents *ill

try to re+erse the ideal position, by forcing the *oman to*ards the back or the man to*ards

the front. 6n order to protect against this danger, mi5ed players must be careful and systematic

in their shot selection.0!:1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scottish_Schools_U12_mixed_doubles_badminton_tournament.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scottish_Schools_U12_mixed_doubles_badminton_tournament.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-14


17/21

t high le+els of play, the formations *ill generally be more fle5ible4 the top *omen players

are capable of playing po*erfully from the backcourt, and *ill happily do so if re&uired.

When the opportunity arises, ho*e+er, the pair *ill s*itch back to the standard mi5ed

attacking position, *ith the *oman in front and men in the back.

"overning bodies

The Badminton World Federation (BWF) is the internationally recogniGed go+erning body of

the sport. Fi+e regional confederations are associated *ith the BWF4

sia4 Badminton sia ?onfederation(B?)

frica4 Badminton ?onfederation of frica(B?)

mericas4 Badminton Pan m(#orth merica and $outh merica belong to the same

confederation2 BP)

-urope4 Badminton -urope(B-)

3ceania4 Badminton 3ceania(B3)

Competitions

mens doubles match. The blue lines are those for the badminton court. The other colouredlines denote uses for other sports such comple5ity being common in multiuse sports halls.

The BWF organiGes se+eral international competitions, including the Thomas ?up, the

premier mens international team e+ent first held in !':@!':', and the ber ?up, the

*omens e&ui+alent first held in!';>!';". The competitions no* take place once e+ery t*o

years. =ore than ;A national teams compete in &ualifying tournaments *ithin continental

confederations for a place in the finals. The final tournament in+ol+es ! teams, follo*ing an

increase from eight teams in AA:.

The $udirman ?up,a gendermi5ed international team e+ent held once e+ery t*o years,

began in !'@'. Teams are di+ided into se+en le+els based on the performance of each country.To *in the tournament, a country must perform *ell across all fi+e disciplines (mens doubles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Asia_Confederationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Confederation_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Pan_Amhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Oceaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Oceaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949_Thomas_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uber_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_Uber_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_Uber_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudirman_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudirman_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Badminton_men%27s_doubles.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Badminton_men%27s_doubles.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Asia_Confederationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Confederation_of_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Pan_Amhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Oceaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949_Thomas_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uber_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_Uber_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudirman_Cup


18/21

and singles, *omens doubles and singles, and mi5ed doubles). 9ike association football

(soccer), it features a promotion and relegation system in e+ery le+el.

Badminton *as a demonstration e+ent in the !'"and !'@@ $ummer 3lympics. 6t became an

official$ummer 3lympicsport at the Barcelona 3lympicsin !''and its gold medals no*

generally rate as the sports most co+eted priGes for indi+idual players.

6n the BWF World ?hampionships, first held in !'"", currently only the highest ranked >:

players in the *orld, and a ma5imum of four from each country, can participate in any

category. 6n both the 3lympic and BWF World competitions restrictions on the number of

participants from any one country ha+e caused some contro+ersy because they sometimes

result in e5cluding elite *orld le+el players from the strongest badminton nations. The

Thomas, ber, and $udirman ?ups, the 3lympics, and the BWF World (and World Cunior

?hampionships), are all categoriGed as le+el one tournaments.

t the start of AA", the BWF introduced a ne* tournament structure for the highest le+el

tournaments aside from those in le+el one4 theBWF $uper $eries. This le+el t*o tournamentseries, a tour for the *orlds elite players, stages t*el+e open tournaments around the *orld

*ith 8 players (half the pre+ious limit). The players collect points that determine *hether

they can play in $uper $eries Final held at the year end. mong the tournaments in this series

is the +enerable ll-ngland ?hampionships,first held in !'AA, *hich *as once considered

the unofficial *orld championships of the sport.0!;1

9e+el three tournaments consist of rand Pri5 old and rand Pri5 e+ent.Top players can

collect the *orld ranking points and enable them to play in the BWF $uper $eries open

tournaments. These include the regional competitions in sia (Badminton sia

?hampionships) and -urope (-uropean Badminton ?hampionships), *hich produce the

*orlds best players as *ell as the Pan merica Badminton ?hampionships.

The le+el four tournaments, kno*n as 6nternational ?hallenge, 6nternational $eries and

Future $eries, encourage participation by /unior players.0!>1

Comparisons 'ith other racquet sports

This section possibly contains original research. Please impro+e itby +erifyingthe

claims made and adding inline citations. $tatements consisting only of original

research should be remo+ed. '"a/ ()1)+

Badminton is fre&uently compared to tennis. The follo*ing is a list of uncontentious

comparisons4

6n badminton a match consist of 8 games and each game is played up to ! points. 6n

tennis a match consist of > games and each game is played up to : points. 6f both team

are tied for game point, they must play until one team achie+es a t*o point

ad+antage. 7o*e+er, the ma5imum point that a badminton game can go up to is 8A

points. 6n tennis, if *e assume both players are scoring deuces, then there is no

ma5imum point, as the game must continue until a player recei+es a t*o point

ad+antage to be declared the *inner.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_footballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_World_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_IBF_World_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_World_Junior_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_World_Junior_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_Super_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_Super_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_England_Open_Badminton_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_England_Open_Badminton_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_Grand_Prix_Gold_and_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_Grand_Prix_Gold_and_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Asia_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Asia_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Badminton_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Am_Badminton_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badminton&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_footballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_World_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_IBF_World_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_World_Junior_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_World_Junior_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_Super_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_England_Open_Badminton_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BWF_Grand_Prix_Gold_and_Grand_Prixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Asia_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_Asia_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Badminton_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Am_Badminton_Championshipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Badminton&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations


19/21

6n tennis, the ball may bounce once before the player hits it2 in badminton, the rally

ends once the shuttlecock touches the floor.

6n tennis, the ser+e is dominant to the e5tent that the ser+er is e5pected to *in most of

his ser+ice games (at ad+anced le+el K on*ards)2 a &reakof ser+ice, *here the ser+er

loses the game, is of ma/or importance in a match. 6n badminton a ser+er has far lessad+antage, and is unlikely to score an ace (unreturnable ser+e).

6n tennis, the ser+er is allo*ed t*o attempts to make a correct ser+e2 in badminton,

the ser+er is allo*ed only one attempt.

The tennis court is larger than the badminton court.

Tennis rac&uets are about four times as hea+y as badminton rac&uets, !A! ounces

(appro5imately @:8:A grams) +ersus 8 ounces ("A!A; grams).0!"10!@1Tennis balls

are more than ele+en times hea+ier than shuttlecocks, ;" grams +ersus ; grams. 0!'10A1

The fastest recorded tennis stroke is $amuel roths !>8.: mph (>8 kmIh) ser+e,0!1*hereas the fastest badminton stroke during gameplay *as Fu 7aifengs A> mph

(88 kmIh) recorded smash.01

Comparisons o# speed and athletic requirements

$tatistics such as the smash speed, abo+e, prompt badminton enthusiasts to make other

comparisons that are more contentious. For e5ample, it is often claimed that badminton is the

fastest rac&uet sport.0citation needed1lthough badminton holds the record for the fastest initial

speed of a racket sports pro/ectile, the shuttlecock decelerates substantially faster than other

pro/ectiles such as tennis balls. 6n turn, this &ualification must be &ualified by consideration

of the distance o+er *hich the shuttlecock tra+els4 a smashed shuttlecock tra+els a shorter

distance than a tennis ball during a ser+e. Badmintons claim as the fastest rac&uet sport

might also be based on reaction time re&uirements, but arguably table tennisre&uires e+en

faster reaction times.

While fans of badminton and tennis often claim that their sport is the more physically

demanding, such comparisons are difficult to make ob/ecti+ely because of the differing

demands of the games. #o formal study currently e5ists e+aluating the physical condition of

the players or demands during game play.

Comparisons o# technique

Badminton and tennis techni&ues differ substantially. The lightness of the shuttlecock and of

badminton rackets allo* badminton players to make use of the *rist and fingers much more

than tennis players2 in tennis the *rist is normally held stable, and playing *ith a mobile

*rist may lead to in/ury. For the same reasons, badminton players can generate po*er from a

short racket s*ing4 for some strokes such as net kills, an elite players s*ing may be less than

; cm ( in). For strokes that re&uire more po*er, a longer s*ing *ill typically be used, but

the badminton racket s*ing *ill rarely be as long as a typical tennis s*ing.

6t is often asserted that po*er in badminton strokes comes mainly from the *rist. This is a

misconception and may be criticised for t*o reasons. First, it is strictly speaking a categoryerror4 the *rist is a /oint, not a muscle2 the forearm muscles control its mo+ement. $econd,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Grothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Grothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-record-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_errorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_errorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Grothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-record-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_errorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_error


20/21

*rist mo+ements are *eak *hen compared to forearm or upper arm mo+ements. Badminton

biomechanicsha+e not been the sub/ect of e5tensi+e scientific study, but some studies

confirm the minor role of the *rist in po*er generation, and indicate that the ma/or

contributions to po*er come from internal and e5ternal rotations of the upper and lo*er arm.081=odern coaching resources such as theBadminton 0ngland echni.ue 2reflect these

ideas by emphasising forearm rotation rather than *rist mo+ements. 0:1

(istinctive characteristics o# the shuttlecoc!

The shuttlecock differs greatly from the balls used in most other rac&uet sports.

+erodynamic drag and stability

The feathers impart substantial drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate greatly o+er

distance. The shuttlecock is also e5tremely aerodynamically stable4 regardless of initial

orientation, it *ill turn to fly corkfirst, and remain in the corkfirst orientation.

3ne conse&uence of the shuttlecocks drag is that it re&uires considerable skill to hit it the full

length of the court, *hich is not the case for most rac&uet sports. The drag also influences the

flight path of a lifted (lo&&ed) shuttlecock4 theparabolaof its flight is hea+ily ske*ed so that

it falls at a steeper angle than it rises. With +ery high ser+es, the shuttlecock may e+en fall

+ertically.

Spin

Balls may be spun to alter their bounce (for e5ample, topspin and backspin in tennis) or

tra/ectory, and players may slice the ball (strike it *ith an angled racket face) to produce suchspin2 but, since the shuttlecock is not allo*ed to bounce, this does not apply to badminton.

$licing the shuttlecock so that it spins, ho*e+er, does ha+e applications, and some are

particular to badminton. ($ee Basic strokesfor an e5planation of technical terms.)

$licing the shuttlecock from the side may cause it to tra+el in a different direction

from the direction suggested by the players racket or body mo+ement. This is used to

decei+e opponents.

$licing the shuttlecock from the side may cause it to follo* a slightly cur+ed path (as

seen from abo+e), and the deceleration imparted by the spin causes sliced strokes to

slo* do*n more suddenly to*ards the end of their flight path. This can be used tocreate dropshots and smashes that dip more steeply after they pass the net.

When playing a netshot, slicing underneath the shuttlecock may cause it to turn o+er

itself (tumble) se+eral times as it passes the net. This is called a$%inning net$hotor

tum&ling net$hot. The opponent *ill be un*illing to address the shuttlecock until it

has corrected its orientation.

Due to the *ay that its feathers o+erlap, a shuttlecock also has a slight natural spin about its

a5is of rotational symmetry. The spin is in a counterclock*ise direction as seen from abo+e

*hen dropping a shuttlecock. This natural spin affects certain strokes4 a tumbling netshot is

more effecti+e if the slicing action is from right to left, rather than from left to right. 0;1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racquet_sporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Basic_Strokeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racquet_sporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#Basic_Strokeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton#cite_note-25


21/21

Badminton gk

Documents

Transcript of Badminton gk