Annex B. Household Survey - Chichewa

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Annex B. Household Survey - Chichewa

CDCS-2018-REPLACEMENT MODULE

Field Question Answer

title

USAID/MALAWI - COUNTRY

DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION

STRATEGY - HOUSEHOLD SURVEY

2018

intro1 Prior to arriving at the house, fill the

following:

a1 (required) a1: DISTRICT NAME

Question relevant when: true ()

Lilongwe

Rural Lilongwe Rural

Balaka Balaka Machinga Machinga Mangochi Mangochi Mulanje Mulanje Karonga Karonga Nkhotakota Nkhotakota Zomba Zomba Nsanje Nsanje

a2 (required) a2: TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY NAME:


Amidu Amidu Chamthunya Chamthunya Kachenga Kachenga Kalembo Kalembo Msamala Msamala Nkaya Nkaya Sawali Sawali -77 Other Chadza Chadza Chiseka Chiseka Chitekwele Chitekwele Kabudula Kabudula Kalolo Kalolo Kalumba Kalumba Kalumbu Kalumbu Khongoni Khongoni Malili Malili Masula Masula



Masumbankhunda Masumbankhunda Mazengera Mazengera Mtema Mtema Njewa Njewa Tsabango Tsabango Chikweo Chikweo Chinguza Chinguza Chiwalo Chiwalo Kapoloma Kapoloma Kawinga Kawinga Liwonde Liwonde Mlomba Mlomba NKoola NKoola Ngokwe Ngokwe Nkoola Nkoola Nsanama Nsanama Nyambi Nyambi Sitola Sitola Kilupura Kilupura Kyungu Kyungu Mwakaboko Mwakaboko Mwirang'ombe Mwirang'ombe Wasambo Wasambo Kafuzila Kafuzila Kanyenda Kanyenda Malengachanzi Malengachanzi Mphonde Mphonde Mwadzama Mwadzama Mwansambo Mwansambo Bwana Nyambi Bwana Nyambi Chimwala Chimwala Jalasi Jalasi Katuli Katuli Nankumba Nankumba Chimombo Chimombo Makoko Makoko Malemia Malemia



Mbenje Mbenje Mlolo Mlolo Ndamera Ndamera Tengani Tengani Chikowi Chikowi Kumtumanji Kumtumanji M'biza M'biza Mlumbe Mlumbe Mwambo Mwambo

a2_otherspecify (required) a2: Specify the TA name


a3 (required) a3: EA CODE


1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26



27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 67 67 70 70 71 71 73 73 74 74 81 81



51 51

a4 (required) a4: VILLAGE NAME


Mdzumila Mdzumila Mndole Mndole -77 Other Chimombo Chimombo Chimongo Chimongo Mpakiza Mpakiza Chiziko Chiziko Kanjira Kanjira Kadise Kadise Menya Menya Mikolo Mikolo Mkaka Mkaka Malama Malama Bvumbwe Bvumbwe Mbawala Mbawala Chagona Chagona Chiwale Chiwale Chabwasa Chabwasa Chigombe Chigombe Chinthochi Chinthochi Lembani Lembani Ingilasi Ingilasi Kazenga Kazenga Binda Binda Chionongera Chionongera Mkuwazi Mkuwazi Mwatselele Mwatselele Sambwaila Sambwaila Kumchakama Kumchakama Malunda Malunda Denie Denie Nachikunga Nachikunga Msilo Msilo Mphamba Mphamba Mphanga Mphanga Milimbo Milimbo



Mkongolo Mkongolo Chidothi Chidothi Chimenechi Chimenechi Salima Mpasa Salima Mpasa Chana Chana Chingira Chingira Chimutu Chimutu Khundi 1 Khundi 1 Khundi 2 Khundi 2 Chiuzira Chiuzira Ng'omaikalira Ng'omaikalira Mkulekera Mkulekera Mvululo Mvululo Kasiyafumbi Kasiyafumbi Mwadzalamba Mwadzalamba Chikandwe Chikandwe Msonkho Msonkho Kango Kango Chakakala Chakakala Zapita Zapita Chapumuluka Chapumuluka Gomani Gomani Chimtolo Chimtolo Kapimphi Kapimphi Chitedze Chitedze

Msokosela/Kanund

u

Msokosela/Kanund

u Kachitamanja Kachitamanja Chimutha Chimutha Kakopa Kakopa Kwenje 2 Kwenje 4 Chamba Chamba Kutsamba Kutsamba Chipwele Chipwele Misomali Misomali Maliwata Maliwata Mgwira Mgwira



Chimatiro Chimatiro Manjanja Manjanja Ngwalo 2 Ngwalo 4 Jambawe Jambawe Saka Saka Ntandiwa Ntandiwa Khwalala Khwalala Chimpakati Chimpakati Tsamba Tsamba Chizinga Chizinga Mankhwala Mankhwala Mpambila Mpambila Tiferakaso Tiferakaso Kainga Kainga Kamowatimwa Kamowatimwa Chilimba Chilimba Chisinkha Chisinkha Gambe Gambe Zidyana Zidyana Mgomwa Mgomwa Zalimu 1 Zalimu 3 Mthawitsa Mthawitsa Njirayagoma Njirayagoma Chiundu Chiundu Msaliwa Msaliwa Peter Kasanga Peter Kasanga Nsulu Nsulu Ntonda Ntonda Muotcha Muotcha Mboga Mboga Pongolani Pongolani Idi Idi Masautso Masautso Helbert Helbert Mawecha Mawecha Kabiyo Kabiyo Mmaniwa Mmaniwa



Majikuta Majikuta Kalimira Kalimira M'bawa M'bawa Kefa Kefa Mtende Mtende Chipatala Chipatala Nambazo Nambazo Kalembo 1 Kalembo 3 Tsite Tsite Chilembwe Chilembwe Malihaba Malihaba M'dala Lulanga M'dala Lulanga M'gomba M'gomba Liwonde Liwonde Mahele Mahele Ntepo Ntepo Chisuwi Chisuwi Uthiwa Uthiwa Chilanga Chilanga Matumula Matumula Chiganga Chiganga Maganga Maganga Phwiti Phwiti Nyenje Nyenje Njenjema Njenjema Takataka Takataka M'bobo M'bobo M'bwana M'bwana Mtopa Mtopa Ntopa Ntopa Meja Meja Mlosi Mlosi Ling'ole Ling'ole Salijeni Salijeni Kauma Kauma Maganiza Maganiza Chionga Chionga



Mbosongwe Mbosongwe Silika Silika Tebulo Tebulo Kalambo Kalambo Namanja Namanja Ndachi Ndachi Mtholowa Mtholowa Ntholowa Ntholowa Mkapaleya Mkapaleya Mtuwa Mtuwa Machika Machika Sinja Sinja Justin Justin Jastini 1 Jastini 3 Justini 2 Justini 4 Mpelula Mpelula Chikuluma Chikuluma Makawa Makawa Limela Limela Mikundi Mikundi Khungwa Khungwa Nguyeje Nguyeje Chinji Chinji Ntapasyale Ntapasyale Nchou Nchou Samuti Samuti Mkweya Mkweya Wadi Wadi Magombo Magombo Mchaula Mchaula Nsosomela Nsosomela Ntupa Ntupa Kauzu Kauzu Chindunguli Chindunguli Dzoole Dzoole Mtendere Mtendere Songa 2 Songa 4



Kambalame Kambalame Nkaweya Nkaweya Mlongoti Mlongoti Chiutira Chiutira Kwekwere Kwekwere Chisiyana Chisiyana Chitonde Chitonde Leven Leven Mbungo Mbungo Bamusi Bamusi Chingwalu Chingwalu Nasuluma Nasuluma Sinoya Sinoya Nikisi Nikisi Waiti Matenje Waiti Matenje Mvumba Mvumba Mbota Kamsiya Mbota Kamsiya Juma Mbanga Juma Mbanga Sokole A Sokole A Mbusi Makande Mbusi Makande Nkota Nkota Kuchetela Kuchetela Mmatila Mmatila Mkwela kalunga Mkwela kalunga Nakonya Nakonya Namatumbo Namatumbo Mayele Mayele Issa Issa Manduta Manduta Chikauka Chikauka Namaninga Namaninga Mchokola Mchokola Mgawo Mkwepu Mgawo Mkwepu Mlembe Mlembe Ngolojele Ngolojele Mpwakata Mpwakata Msalule Msalule



Bakali Bakali Kwitunji Kwitunji Mdala Chilawi Mdala Chilawi Chiwaula Chiwaula Kwilapo Kwilapo Ngalipa Ngalipa Mponda Mponda Gideon Gideon Andrew Andrew Mwenewisi Mwenewisi Yalero Yalero James James Mwakibonja Mwakibonja Mwangalaba Mwangalaba Mwabungulu Mwabungulu Syalisoni Syalisoni Chimalabanthu Chimalabanthu Mwasalano Mwasalano Mwasalano 1 Mwasalano 3 Timothy Timothy Mwakamogho Mwakamogho Mwenengolongo Mwenengolongo Kasebwe Kasebwe Fundi Fundi Peter Mwangalawa Peter Mwangalawa Zindi Gondwe Zindi Gondwe Kayunga Kayunga Mwamatope Mwamatope Mulwa Mulwa Fughala Fughala Kaluwa Kaluwa Mwamasapa Mwamasapa Marko Mwankenja Marko Mwankenja Nayi Nayi

Potifala

Mwangolera

Potifala

Mwangolera



Yafeti

Mwakasungula

Yafeti

Mwakasungula Mlindaifwa Mlindaifwa Ngosi Ngosi Mwasota Mwasota Kayuni 1 Kayuni 1 Kayuni 2 Kayuni 2 Mwenelupembe 2 Mwenelupembe 4 Mphughu Mphughu Mwambelo Mwambelo Muchenjere Muchenjere Welosi Mwambelo Welosi Mwambelo Mphangweyanjili Mphangweyanjili Wundaninge Wundaninge Zengelanjala Zengelanjala Mwaungulu Mwaungulu Kayelewa Kayelewa Kayerewa Kayerewa Kachaka Kachaka Matambukira Matambukira Mgoyera Mgoyera Mwandovi Mwandovi Mwangamila Mwangamila Chalochamala Chalochamala Charuchamala Charuchamala Maulunge Maulunge Mchekacheka Mchekacheka Galimoto Galimoto Kayaghala Kayaghala Chibwatiko Chibwatiko Mwanyesha Mwanyesha Mwambetania Mwambetania Luhimbo Luhimbo Katesula Katesula Mwangolera Mwangolera Mwaleba Mwaleba Mwambuli Mwambuli



Sadala Sadala M'bunthuka M'bunthuka M'buthuka M'buthuka Nkhubasanga Nkhubasanga Mutangala Mutangala Njalayankhunda Njalayankhunda Thangalang'ombe Thangalang'ombe Mwanyongo Mwanyongo Wilson Kalambo Wilson Kalambo Matandala Matandala Mwakhwawa Mwakhwawa Muleleka Muleleka Mwamdimba Mwamdimba Chipembere Chipembere Nowa Nowa Kanthumdende Kanthumdende Sosola Sosola Chindodo Chindodo Mudolo Mudolo Mowe 1 Mowe 3 Chimtumbuka Chimtumbuka Munthanje Munthanje Chiya Chiya Katapila Katapila Chimdima Chimdima Khwayaya Khwayaya Chinkhwangwa Chinkhwangwa Mkwapatira Mkwapatira Nyalubwe Nyalubwe Kambola Kambola Lunda Lunda Mjuwa Mjuwa Malamba Malamba Chimweyo Chimweyo Chigadula Chigadula Kaiwala Kaiwala Mpeta Mpeta



Kafuzila Kafuzila Chimbuto Chimbuto Khufi Khufi Chiluma Chiluma Kachuma Kachuma Malengachanzi Malengachanzi Matekenya Matekenya Kawelama Kawelama Shamuti Shamuti Kawelama 2 Kawelama 4 Mchemela Mchemela Chota Chota Mazengera Mazengera Katimba Katimba Sasani 2 Sasani 4 Tandwe 1 Tandwe 3 Chamba 1 Chamba 3 Chanzi Chanzi Kapanga 2 Kapanga 4 Phwetekere Phwetekere Ching'amba Ching'amba Mtanga 2 Mtanga 4 Kawamba Kawamba Funduseni Funduseni Zikomankhani Zikomankhani Chikombe 1 Chikombe 3 Makunganya Makunganya Mphonde Mphonde Kansuli Kansuli Sawawa Sawawa Mng'ongwe Mng'ongwe Mzumara Mzumara Selemani 2 Selemani 4 Chipelela 2 Chipelela 4 Nkhongo 3 Nkhongo 5 Chikwawe 2 Chikwawe 4 Naferanji Naferanji



Chalunda Chalunda Chizongwe 1 Chizongwe 3 Ngwata 2 Ngwata 4 Chizongwe 2 Chizongwe 4 Chongole 1 Chongole 3 Chizongwe 3 Chizongwe 5 Mzeweza Mzeweza Chikumangala Chikumangala Msamala Msamala Msamala 3 Msamala 5 Nsamala Nsamala Khwapu Khwapu Nambela Nambela Nkhala Nkhala Manondo Manondo Mtachi 2 Mtachi 4 Ndimbwa Ndimbwa Manjawila Manjawila Pembela Pembela Mkukumila Mkukumila Kamongo Kamongo Patsunda 1 Patsunda 3 Chikaluma Chikaluma Mtiku Mtiku Mtutuma Mtutuma Chinangwa Chinangwa Kumchenga Kumchenga Malewa Malewa Chimera/Chidothi Chimera/Chidothi Likapa/Kachulu Likapa/Kachulu Kuntaja Kuntaja Maluwa Maluwa Malajila Malajila Matewere 2 Matewere 4 Magombe Magombe Ganda Ganda Kagaso Kagaso



Mteteka Mteteka Chitwanga Chitwanga Chipande 1 Chipande 1 Chipande 2 Chipande 2 Bwanausi Bwanausi Mtambo Mtambo Mtambo 2 Mtambo 4 Ndalama 1 Ndalama 3 Namathika Namathika Ehawi Ehawi Mwala 2 Mwala 4 Thumpwa Thumpwa

Manyungwa/Mpen

da

Manyungwa/Mpen

da Mulemba Mulemba Machemba Machemba Kadyampakeni Kadyampakeni Steven Steven

Steven

2/Kadyampakeni

Steven

2/Kadyampakeni Likhomo Muliya Likhomo Muliya Mwala 1 Mwala 3 Ngwelero Ngwelero Chisawa Chisawa Mikundi 2 Mikundi 4 Usumani 2 Usumani 4 Matewe Matewe Matewe 1 Matewe 3 Matewe 1 sinoya Matewe 1 sinoya Petulo Petulo Chimpini Chimpini Mmambo 2 Mmambo 4 Mtiko Mtiko Tung'ande Tung'ande Chisuse Chisuse Ritisan Ritisan Njala Njala



Segula Segula Uzingo Uzingo Mwenyali Mwenyali Taibu Taibu Nkupe Nkupe Chombe 1 Chombe 3 Mdalakamuyanja Mdalakamuyanja Fletcher Fletcher Minthanje Minthanje

Ntchenyera

2/Farao

Ntchenyera

2/Farao

Pharaoh/

Ntchenyera

Pharaoh/

Ntchenyera Mulira Mulira Nyimbiri Nyimbiri Ng'ambo Ng'ambo Pangeti Pangeti Chinsungwi Chinsungwi Jimu 2 Jimu 4 Makhapha Makhapha Msambokulira Msambokulira Kaitano Kaitano Kasenga Kasenga Mbeta Mbeta Nsikuzakwenda Nsikuzakwenda Nyoza Nyoza Nzondola Nzondola Nyakhavi Nyakhavi Thengothawani Thengothawani Kachaso Kachaso Muyang'anira Muyang'anira Ngala Ngala Makhaza Makhaza Thikiti Thikiti Khambadza Khambadza Sandalamu Sandalamu Chimpilingu Chimpilingu



Chilim'madzi Chilim'madzi Mwanavumbe Mwanavumbe Kuyeri Kuyeri Nsangalambe Nsangalambe Melo Melo Guta Guta Madani Madani Chabe Chabe Nsitu Nsitu Nkolimbo Nkolimbo Chinegwe Chinegwe Chipolopolo Chipolopolo Jonikisi Jonikisi Tizola Tizola Tambo 1 Tambo 1 Tambo 3 Tambo 3 Mchacha Mchacha Nthole Nthole Nsabilima Nsabilima Mbang'ombe Mbang'ombe Chambuluka Chambuluka Kadakola Kadakola Chaya Chaya Falamenga Falamenga Leno Leno Dickson Dogo Dickson Dogo Jokonia Jokonia Izeki Izeki Zyuwaki Zyuwaki

a4_otherspecify (required) a4: Specify Village Name


a6 (required) a6: Enumerator name


1 Annie Manyoni 2 Arthur H. Banda 3 Arthur Banda 4 Aurther Chiumia 5 Aurther Ngwira 6 Babrah Nasala



7 Bertha Loti 8 Billy Kayange 9 Bina Chingwe 10 Blessings Kamoto 11 Blessings Mbwerazino 12 Blessings Nyatepa 13 Caroline Kambalame 14 Charles Sofasi 15 Chifuniro Kalima 16 Chimwemwe Bwanausi 17 Chimwemwe Banda 18 Christina Chabwera 19 Daina Namaluweso 20 Dalitso Mpeketula 21 Daniel Msundwe 22 Darlington kapingasa 23 David Makiyi 24 Davie Scotch 25 Dickson Makwera 26 Dorothy Chirwa 27 Emmanuel .M. kaitano 28 Emmanuel Piseni 29 Esther Chitungu 30 Fanuel Chimbiya 31 Felix Peter 32 Francis Kafa 33 Frank Jumbe 34 Frazer Chafumbwa 35 Fred Bequiet 36 Gabriel Kachigayo 37 Gerald Mhango 38 Gift Kaunga 39 Gift Nsapato 40 Gifton Saizi 41 Gladwell Malunga 42 Gloria Tembo 43 Grace Chiwaya



44 Happy Katuli 45 Happy Nkhoma 46 Hellen Mbutuka 47 Henderson Chagoma 48 Innocent K. Mhango 49 Isaac M. Banda 50 Isaac Masamba 51 Islam Idana 52 Jack Yangairo 53 Jacob Mnkhwamba 54 James Ngwira 55 Jane Banda 56 Jimmy Lungu 57 Jofrey Kamanga 58 John Katete 59 John Munthali 60 Joice Mvula 61 Joseph Juma 62 Joseph Sabola 63 Joshua Bhima 64 Josphat Saidi 65 Kennedy Manda 66 Kenneth Given Limbani 67 Kingsley Manyumba 68 Kondwani Chikondi Munthali 69 Kondwani Wanda 70 Leonard Lakalaka 71 Lonjezo Sekani 72 Lonjezo Jumbe 73 Loveness Chiumula 74 Lusako Mwalwanda 75 Maureen Gwayi 76 Maxwell Phiri 77 Mayamiko Kamwaza 78 Melody Chipoka 79 Memory Kabuya 80 Memory Phiri



81 Mercy Banda 82 Mercy Kalulu 83 Mussa M. Mtayamo 84 Nellie Makanjira 85 Newton Lupoka 86 Noria Mhango 87 Peter Sana Paswell 88 Precious Kadewere 89 Rex Makwinja 90 Sauda Bwanali 91 Shad Banda 92 Shem Yuda 93 Shyma J. Dimu 94 Sikujuwa Nyasulu 95 Siphiwe Kaluwa 96 Steve Gollah 97 Stonald Kumbadzala 98 Stowell Mposa 99 Thamison Mandere 100 Thokozani Makaka 101 Thovise Makamo 102 Timothy Chirwa 103 Tombozgani Mhango 104 Wanangwa Kambondooma 105 Wilfred katunga 106 Wonderful Thindwa 107 Yusuf Ali Ayoub 108 Zynab Njerenga

a5 (required)

a5: HOUSEHOLD ID 'INTERVIWER: Your first Replacement interview of the day = 1, Your Second Replacement interview of the day = 2 e.t.c


idnote This Questionnaire ID is: --

hhid (required)

Replacement HOUSEHOLD ID INTERVIWER: Please Enter the correct Household ID from Old Sample provided by your Supervisor.




confirmentry (required)

Please re-enter Replacement

HOUSEHOLD ID as confirmation.


a20 (required)

a20: Why did you have to replace the

old household


1 Moved outside of EA 2 Refused to Participate 3 Not Eligible

a21 a21: How was this replacement selected

1 Household farms same land 2 Nearest neighbor other Other

a21_other

Specify other.

Question relevant when:

selected(${a21}, 'other')

a9 (required) a9: Which attempted visit is this? (verify with log form and record)


1 Kubwera koyamba 2 Kubwera kwachiwiri 3 Kubwera kwachitatu

a10 (required)

a10: Kodi pali munthu woti mucheze

naye pa khomo lomwe lasankhidwalo?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

a11 (required)

a11: Kodi muntha kulumikizana

muchiyankhulo chomwe munthu

wapakhomopo amalankhula?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

intro2

Mulibwanji. Ndikugwira tchito ndi Invest

in Knowledge komanso Social Impact.

Tikupanga kafukufuku wofuna kuona

momwe ntchito za chitukuko

zosiyanasiyana za USAID zikuyendera

m’Malawi. A USAID akugwira ntchito

zina mu dera lino. Zotsatira za

kafukufukuyu zitha kuthandiza kupititsa

pa tsogolo ma pologalamu omwe

amaperekedwa m’Malawi muno

mtsogolomu. Khomo lino lasankhidwa

mwa mwayi kuti litenge nawo mbali mu

kafukufukuyu ngati mungasankhe

kutero.

Mukavomera kutenga nawo gawo mu



kafukufukuyu, tikufunsani mafunso

angapo okhudza kafukufukuyu.

Kuchezaku kutenga pafupifupi ola

limodzi ndi theka [1 hourand 30

minutes]. Mudzafunsidwa mafunso

angapo okhudza inuyo ndi anthu

apabanja panu, zokhudza ntchito

yomwe imakuthandizani pakhomo pano

[yobweretsa ndalama], zokhudza

katundu wa pakhomo, kutenga kwanu

gawo mu zochitika za m’dera lino,

maganizo anu okhudza zithandizo

zopezeka m’dera lino. M’mene

mumaonera zithu pa moyo, komanso

uthenga wokhudza madyedwe akhomo

lino ndi chithandizo cha zaumoyo.

Tingakonde titacheza ndi wankulu wa

khomo lino, koma ngati pali munthu

wina woti amadziwa bwino zinthu

zapakhomo pano monga zaulimi

zokhudza khomo lino, tidzakondwa kuti

amenewo ayankhe mafunso a gawo

limenelo. Komanso, komanso pofuna

kuonetsetsa kuti zomwe tikuchita zili

mundondomeko yake, chipangizo ichi

chitha kujambula magawo ena a

zokambirana zanthu mumagawo a

mphindi imodzi imodzi. Pofuna kuona

kuti ndikugwira ntchito yoyenera

komanso kukhala waulemu monga

wofunsa mafunso.

Kutenga nawo gawo kwa inu

mukafukufukuyu ndi kongodzipereka.

Mutha kusankha kusatenga nawo gawo

pano, kapena nthawi ili yonse. Zonse

zomwe titolere mukafukufukuyu

zidzasungidwa mwachinsinsi ndipo

tidzaonetsetsa kuti chinsinsi

chasungidwa bwino zedi polingana ndi

malamulo. Ngakhale kuti zotsatira



zopanda mayina zidzapezeka

mosavuta, dzina lanu ndi chili chonse

chokuzindikiritsani sizidzagwiritsidwa

ntchito kapena kuti sizidzaperekedwa

kwa anthu ena omwe sakukhudzidwa

ndi kafukufukuyu.

Palibe chowopsa chili chonse chifukwa

chotenga nawo mbali mu kafukufukuyu

kupatula kuti mutayi nthawi yokwana ola

ndi theka la nthawi yomwe munakachita

zinthu zina zopindulitsa komanso

kuthekera kochepa kwambiri koti

chinsinsi chanu chitha kuululika.

Palibenso phindu loonekeratu kwa inu

ngati mutenge nawo gawo kupatula kuti

zomwe mutiuze zidzathandiza a USAID

kumvetsa ngati ma pologamu awo

akugwira ntchito kapena ngati

akuyenera kuwakonza. Ngati simuli

omasuka ndi funso lina liri lonse, mutha

kukana kuyankha funsolo ndipo ndipita

pa funso lotsatira.

Ngati muli ndi funso liri lonse kapena

dandaulo panopa kapena mtsogolo,

mutha kulankhula ndi James

Mkandawire at 0999-412-756

james.mkandawire@investinknowledge.

org. kapena mutha kulankhulana ndi a

Social Impact Institutional Review

Board: +1-703-465-1884

[email protected].

Question relevant when: ${a11} =1

a12 (required)

a12: Kodi mwabvomera kutenga nawo

mbali?


1 Inde 0 Ayi



a30

a30: INTERVIEWER: Kodi mugwiritsa

ntchito fomu ya chilankhulo chanji mu

tabuletiyi.


1 Chichewa 2 Chitumbuka 3 Chiyawo 4 Chisena 5 Chizungu

a13 (required)

a13: Ndi kwathawi yayitali bwanji

yomwe mwakha mudzi muno ? mark no interview due to not living here 2 years and end survey


1 Kuchepera zaka ziwiri 2 zaka ziwiri kapena kuposera

a14 (required) a14: Record reason for no interview


1 Kucheza kwalepheleka akhala kuno

kochepera zaka ziwiri

2 Kucheza kwalepheleka abambo

kapena amayi akhomolo palibe

3 kucheza kwalepheleka- apempha

kuti tidzabwerenso

4 kucheza kwalephereka- chifukwa

china

5

kucheza kwalephereka- anthu akullu

akanika kuyankha

mafunso[matenda/kulumala/misala]

6 Akana- akuti kubweranso tsiku lina

sikutheka 7 Akana-mwachindunji 8 Akana- zifukwa zina

9

Refusal- Recently did long survey

with MACRO (DHS or Food For

Peace survey)

note_end

Zikomo chifukwa cha nthawi yanu.

Koma pepani kuti sititha kucheza nanu

chifukwa chamomwe ndondomeko

yakafukufuku yathu ilili. Tikufunirani

tsiku labwino.


-

Group relevant when: ${a12} =1 and ${a13} !=1

a_background

Section A: Background Ensure you are talking to the preferred respondent (The main female in the house is first choice. If not, the head of household.



If not, another adult able to speak about the topics.)

- > a15_begin1

a15_1

a15_1 Kodi dzina lotsiriza (surname) la

mutu wa pabanja pano ndi ndani?

a16_1

a16_1 Kodi dzina loyamba la mutu wa

pabanja pano ndi ndani?

a17_1

a17_1 Kodi mutu wa pa banja pano ndi

wamwamuna kapena wa mkazi?

0 wamwamuna 1 Wamkazi

a18 (required)

a18 Kodi pali ubale wanji pakati pa

woyankha mafunsoyo ndi mutu

wabanjalo?


1 Mutu wabanja

2 mkazi/mwamuna wa mutu

wakhomolo 3 wamkulu wina wakhomopo

- > a15_begin1 > a15_begin

Group relevant when: ${a18} !=1

a15 (required)

a15 Kodi dzina lenileni la banja la

oyankha mafunso ndichiyani?


a16 (required)

a16 Kodi dzina lenileni lomwe oyankha

mafunso anapasidwa ndi chiyani?


a17 (required)

a17 Kodi ndi wamkazi kapena

wamamuna? (Observe)



b11 (required)

b11: Kodi nthawi zambiri mumayankhula

chiyankhulo chanji?


1 Chichewa 2 Chitumbuka 3 Chiyawo 4 Chisena 5 Chizungu other Other

b11_other

Specify other.


selected(${b11}, 'other')

b0_

Section B: Household Members

num_people

b0: Kodi pakhomo lino mulipo anthu

angati? Chonde phatikizani anthu

okhawo amene kawirikawiri amakhala

ndi kudya pakhomo pano kupatulako



alendo. Phatikizaninso mutu wa banja

ngakhale sanakhale pakhomopo

mumiyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayi,

koma wakhala akuthandiza banjalo.

Chonde musaphatikize ana amene

anachokapo kapena kukwatiwa. INTERVIWER: Enter 0 if no additional People in the household

note_roster

Tsopano ndikufuna kulemba

mndandanda wa anthu kuyambira ndi

mutu wa banja?


${num_people} >=1

- > Mndandanda wa anthu (1)

Group relevant when: ${num_people} >=1

(Repeated group)

mem_nm (required)

B01 Dzina loyamba


note_member_name_1

Chonde yakhani mafunso otsatilawa

okhudzana [mem_nm]

b02 (required)

B02: Ubale wa [mem_nm] ndi wamkulu

wapakhomo


1 Wamkulu wakhomo 2 Mkazake/Mwamunake 3 Mwana wammuna/wamkazi 4 Kholo 5 Mchemwali/Mchimwene 6 Chidzukulu 7 Agogo 8 Mwana wompeza 9 Wachibale wina 10 Palibe chibale

b03 (required)

B03: Zaka Zakubadwa za [mem_nm] Report children under the age of one as zero


b03_1

B03_1: Kodi mwanayu ali ndi miyezi

ingati yakubadwa?

Question relevant when: ${b03} =0

b04 (required)

B04: [mem_nm] ndi wamkazi kapena

wamamuna


0 Wamwamuna 1 Wamkazi

b05 (required)

B05: Kodi [mem_nm] ali pabanja? 1 Ali pabanja



Question relevant when: true () 2 Sali pabanja 3 Wamasiye/Namfedwa 4 Anasiyana/ananyanyalitsana 5 N/A (Mwana)

b07 (required)

B07: Kodi [mem_nm] amagwira ntchito

yanji?


1 Kulima 2 Mayi wapakhomo 3 Bizinesi ya banja

4 Ntchito yolandira malipiro a

pamwezi 5 Ganyu 6 Mwana wa sukulu 7 Msodzi 8 Palibe other Other

b07_other

Specify other.


selected(${b07}, 'other')

- > Mndandanda wa anthu (1) > Mafunso amaphunziro a [mem_nm]

Group relevant when: ${b03} >5

- > Mndandanda wa anthu (1) > Mafunso amaphunziro a [mem_nm] > c1_edu2

generated_table_list_label_59

Mafunso okhudza maphunziro a

[mem_nm]

reserved_name_for_field_list_labels_

60

1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

c1_7 (required)

C7: Kodi [mem_nm] atha kuwerenga

kalata ya tsamba limodzi muchichewa


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

c1_8 (required)

C8: Kodi [mem_nm] atha kulemba

kalata ya tsamba limodzi muchichewa


1 Inde 0 Ayi



-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

c1_9 (required)

C9: Kodi [mem_nm] atha kuwerenga

kalata ya tsamba limodzi muchingerezi


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

c1_10 (required)

C10: Kodi [mem_nm] atha kulemba

kalata ya tsamba limodzi muchingerezi


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

c1_11 (required)

C11: Kodi [mem_nm] anayamba

wayimbapo sukulu


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

c1_12 (required)

C12: Kodi [mem_nm] akuyimbabe

sukulu pakadali pano?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

c1_13 (required)

C13: Kodi [mem_nm] anapita nayo

patali bwanji sukulu


0 PALIBE 1 SUKULU YA MKAKA 2 STANDARD 1 3 STANDARD 2 4 STANDARD 3 5 STANDARD 4 6 STANDARD 5 7 STANDARD 6 8 STANDARD 7



9 STANDARD 8 10 JUNIOR FORM 1 11 JUNIOR FORM 2 12 SENIOR FORM 3 13 SENIOR FORM 4 14 VOCATIONAL TRAINING 15 DIPLOMA/CERTIFICATE 16 UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE

17 UNIVERSITY GRADUATE/POST-

GRADUATE 18 Sukulu zakwacha

-

77 Zina

-

99 Sakudziwa

b9_0 (required)

b9_0: Kodi alipo wina pakhomo pano

yemwe ali ndi chilema kapena ali ndi

vuto la misala?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

88 Akana kuyankha

b9 (required)

b9: Mumiyezi khumi ndi iwiri(12)

yapitayi, Kodi alipo wamwalira pa

khomo pano?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

88 Akana kuyankha

b9_1

b10: Kodi malemuyu anali wosaposera

zaka zisanu?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

c2

Section C: Education Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso angapo okhudzana ndi kuwerenga

c14 (required)

c14: Kodi mumatenga maminitsi angati

kuti mukafike pa sukulu ya pulayimale

ya boma yapafupi kwambiri


- > c15_start



c15 (required)

c15: Kodi muli ndi mabuku kapena

magazine amene ana amatha

kuwerenga kunyumba?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

66 N/A (alibe ana)

-

88 Akana

-

99 Sakudziwa

c16 (required)

c16: Kodi muli ndi mabuku kapena

magazini amene munthu wamkulu atha

kuwerenga kunyumba?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

c16_1 (required)

c16_1: Kodi wina aliyense wapakhomo

pano alipo amene amapita kumalo

owerengera mabuku a mdera lino?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

c17 (required)

c17: Kodi alipo wina aliyense

wapakhomo pano amene amawerenga

mabukhu, magazini, nyuzi, kapena

zinthu zina tsiku lililonse?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

c18 (required)

c18: Ndi ndani amene amawerenga

tsiku lililonseyu?


1 akulu akulu amuna 2 akulu akulu akazi 3 Mwana/ana amuna 4 Mwana/ana akazi

D_section

Section D: Well-Being Tsopano ndikufunsani mafunso okhuzana ndi moyo wanu

d5 (required)

d5: Munganene kuti kuyang'anira zonse

umoyo wabanja lanu uli ulibwino

kwambiri ndithu, ulibwino kwambiri, uli

bwino, siulibwino kwenikweni kapena

siulibwino?


1 Siziri bwino 2 Pakatikati 3 Zilibwino 4 Zilibwino kwambiri 5 Zilibwino zedi

-

88 Akana



d8 (required)

d8: pa masiku 30 apitawa, kodi ndi

masiku angati amene kupweteka kwa

m'thupi mwanu kunakulephelesani inu

kugwira ntchito zomwe mumagwira

nthawi zonse, monga kuzisamalira

nokha, kugwira ntchito, kapena kuchita

zinthu zina


d2 (required)

d2: Ndinu okhutira bwanji pankhani za

chuma zokhuza khomo lanu lino? read options


1 Sakukhutitsidwa nkomwe 2 Sakukhutitsidwa pang'ono 3 Pakatikati 4 kukhutitsidwa pang'ono 5 kukhutitsidwa kwambiri

-

99 sakudziwa

-

88 Akana

d10 (required)

d10: Tsopano kuyang'ana kutsogolo

mukuonan kuti inuyo ndi banja lanu

mudzakhala bwinoko kapena ayi

pankhani ya zachuma kapena

mudzakhala chimodzimodzi, mu miyezi

12 ikubwerayi?


1 Zidzaipiratu 2 Chimodzimodzi 3 Bolaniko/Nkhasako/Betele

-

88 Akana

d22 (required)

d22: kodi pazinthu izi ndi chiti chomwe

chili cholondola? Mapezedwe anu a

ndalama padakali pano…. read options


1 zimatheka kukulolani kumasunga

ndalama zina?

2 zimatheka kukulolani kusungako

ndalama zochepa?

3 zimangokhala ndalama zokwanira

kugwiritsa ntchito?

4

zimakhala ndalama zosakwanira

kotero kuti mumayenela

kugwiritsanso ntchito ndalama zina

zomwe munasunga mmbuyomu?

5

Zimakhala zosakwanira ndithu

kotero kuti mumayenera

kungongolera ndalama zina kuti

mukwaniritse zokhumba zanu?



-

88 Akana

d15 (required)

d15: Kutengela ndi madyedwe a khomo

lano mwezi wathawu, ndichiganizo chiti

chomwe chili cholondola? read options


1 zinali zosakwana poyerekeza ndi

zofunika zapakhomo

2 Zinali zokwanira kukwaniritsa

zofunika zapakhomopo

-

88 Akana

- > steps_begin

note1

[Onetsani Chithunzi chama sitepe]

Patakhala kuti pali ma sitepe 6, ndipo

sitepe yapansi yoyambilira, ikuimila

anthu osaukitsitsa, ndipo sitepe

yapamwamba penipeni, yanambala 6,

ikuimila olemera a mmudzi wanu uno

kapena midzi ina yozungulira.

d19 (required)

d19: Kodi inu muli ma sitepe iti lero?


1 Sitepe 1 2 Sitepe 2 3 Sitepe 3 4 Sitepe 4 5 Sitepe 5 6 Sitepe 6

-

88 Akana

d21 (required)

d21: Kodi chaka chatha munali step iti?


1 Sitepe 1 2 Sitepe 2 3 Sitepe 3 4 Sitepe 4 5 Sitepe 5 6 Sitepe 6

-

88 Akana

d20 (required)

d20: Kodi anthu ena ambiri a mmudzi

muno ali pa sitepe iti lero?


1 Sitepe 1 2 Sitepe 2 3 Sitepe 3 4 Sitepe 4 5 Sitepe 5



6 Sitepe 6

-

88 Akana

d23 (required)

d23: Mutakhala kuti mwakomana ndi

mavuto odza mwadzidzi, monga kusowa

kwa ndalama kapena kuononga

ndalama zomwe simumayembekela.

kodi pali munthu amene

mungamupemphe chithandizo?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

d26 (required)

d26: Mukachoka pa khomo pano

kwamaola angapo kodi mumadela

nkhawa za chitetezo chakatundu wanu?


1 Amadandaula kwambiri 2 Amadandaula pang'ono 3 Sadandaula

-

88 Akana

d4 (required)

d4: Pazonse, ndinu okhutisidwa

kwambiri, okhutisidwa pang'ono, palibe

kusiyana, osakhutisidwa pang'ono,

osakhutisidwa ndi pang'ono pomwe ndi

mmene demokalasi imayendela

(mudziko lino)?



-

99 sakudziwa

-

88 Akana

d14 (required)

d14: Kodi mukukhulupilira kuti mukhoza

kukhala ndi ulamuliro wosintha zinthu

mmene zimakhalira pa moyo wanu?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

d1 (required)

d1: Kuyang'nanira zinthu zonse ndinu

okhutila bwanji ndi moyo wanu masiku

ano?



-

99 sakudziwa

-

88 Akana

E_section

E. Household Features



e13 (required)

e13: INTERVIEWER: Kodi mbali yaikulu

ya khoma lakunja ya nyumba yanu

inapangidwa ndi chani? Funsitsani


1 Udzu 2 YOMATA 3 YAMDINDO 4 Zidina zosaotcha 5 Njerwa zowotcha 6 Konkileti 7 Matabwa 8 Malata

-

77 Zina

e13a (required)

e13a: Kodi mbali yayikulu ya denga la

nyumba yanu linapangidwa ndi chani?


1 Grass, plastic sheeting, or other 2 Iron sheets, clay tiles, or concrete

e13b (required)

e13b: kodi mwasinthako zipangizo

zofolelera denga la nyumba yanu

kuyabila 2014 (muzaka zinayi zapitazi)


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

e13c (required)

e13c: Kodi nyumba yanu inafoleledwa

ndi chani mbuyomu?



e14a (required)

e14a: Kodi mbali yaikulu ya pansi pa

nyumba yanu inapangidwa ndi chani?


1 Mchenga 2 Yozira 3 Simenti 4 Matabwa 5 Matailosi

-

77 Zina

e14b. (required)

e14b: Kodi muli ndi magetsi omwe

akugwira ntchito pakhomo pano?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

e15 (required)

e15: Kodi nyumba yanu ili ndi zipinda

zingati (kupatula bafa, chimbudzi,

chipinda chosungilamo katundu kapena

galaja) ? (DO NOT COUNT BATHROOMS, TOILETS, STOREROOMS, OR GARAGE)


e16 (required)

e16: Kodi nthawi zambiri mumagwirisa

ntchito chani powunikila? 1 Nkhuni zotolera



Question relevant when: true () 2 Nhuni zogula 3 Mabatile/Tochi 4 Udzu/Mwatso/Muuni 5 Parafini 6 Magetsi 7 LPG 8 Natural gas 9 Biogas 10 Makandulo other Other

e16_other

Specify other.


selected(${e16}, 'other')

e17 (required)

e17: Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito chani

kuphikira kweni kweni?


1 Nkhuni zotolera 2 Nkhuni zogula 3 Udzu/mapesi/zinyalala 4 Parafini 5 Magetsi 6 LPG 7 Natural gas 8 Biogas 9 malasha 10 Makala 11 Zitsononkho/ziguli/mapesi 12 Ndowe

-66 N/A. Pakhomopo sipaphikidwa

chakudya. other Other

e17_other

Specify other.



e18 (required)

e18: Kodi alipo wapakhomo panu pano

amene ali ndi foni ya mmanja (selula)

yoti imagwira ntchito?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

e19a (required)

e19a: Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito

chimbudzi chotani?


1 Chimbudzi cha madzi



2 chimbudzi chokumba chokhala ndi

Paipi

3 chimbudzi chokumba chokhala ndi

denga

4 Chimbudzi chokumba chopanda

denga 5 Palibe/kutchire

-

77 zina

e19b

e19b: Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito toiletiyi

ndi makomo enanso?

Question relevant when: ${e19a} <5 or

${e19a} =-77

1 Inde 0 Ayi

e20 (required)

e20: Kodi ana azaka zochepela zisanu

(5) apakhomo pano amagona mu

masikito munyengo yomwe kumakhala

udzudzu? Only ask if there are children under 5


1 Inde, kwa ana onse osakwana zaka

zisanu

2 Inde, kwa ana ena osakwana zaka

zisanu

3 Ayi, kwa ana onse osakwana zaka

zisanu

-

66

N/A ( alibe ana osakwana zaka

zisanu)

e20a (required)

e20a: Kodi pali wina aliyense wa pa

khomo pano amene amagona mu neti

pofuna kuziziteteza ku udzudzu

munyengo ina ya pachaka?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

e21 (required)

e21: Munyengo zolima zisanu(5)

zapitazi, Kodi inu kapena wina aliyense

wapakhomo pano analimapo fodya?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

e22 (required)

e22: Kodi alipo wapakhomo pano

amene analima mbeu zakudimba

(munyengo yachilimwe yapitayi)?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

e24 (required)

e24: M'zaka zisanu zapitazo, kodi

khomo lanu linakhuzidwa ndi kufa

kapena kubedwa kwa ziweto?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

66

N/A (analibe ziweto zaka zisanu

zapitazi)



-

99 Sakudziwa

e25a (required)

e25a: M'mwezi umodzi wapitawu, kodi

mwagulako kapena kulipila sopo

wopaka (Wosambira kapena

wochapira)?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

e25b (required)

e25b: M'mwezi umodzi wapitawu, kodi

mwagulako kapena kulipira sopo waufa

wochapila?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

e26 (required)

e26: M'mwezi wangothawu, Kodi khomo

lanu lakhala likutunga kuti madzi

akumwa kwenikweni?


1 Madzi apampopi amnyumba 2 Madzi apampopi apanja/pabwalo 3 Mjigo 4 Mpopi wa aliyense 5 Chitsime chotetezedwa 6 Chitsime chosatetezedwa 7 Kasupe wotetezedwa 8 Kasupe wosatetezedwa 9 Madzi a mvula

10 Thanki lamadzi/madzi wobwera

ndi Venda

11 Ngolo zokhala ndi mathanki

ang'ono

12 Madzi amumt'sinje, Damu,

Nyanja,Dziwe,Ngalande 13 Madzi am'botolo other Other

e26_other

Specify other.



- > -

e27_num (required)

e27: Kodi mumatenga nthawi yaitali

bwanji kukafika kumeneku, kutunga

madzi ndikubwerako?


e27 (required)

e27a: Mulingo wake: RECORD IN UNIT


1 Mphindi 2 Maola



-

99 Sakudziwa

e28 (required)

e28: Kodi pali chomwe mumapanga kuti

madziwa akhale awukhondo

mukamamwa?


0 Ayi 1 Inde

-

99 sakudziwa

e29 (required)

e29: Kodi mumatani kuti madziwa

akhale awukhondo?


1 Kuwiritsa 2 Kuthira kololini/ WATER GUARD

3 Kugwiritsa ntchito sefa monga

mchenga 4 Kusefa pogwiritsa ntchito kansalu

5 Kupha magelemusi pogwiritsa

ntchito dzuwa 6 Kungowadekhetsa/kungowasiya

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

77 Zina

e30 (required)

e30: Kodi nthawi zambiri mumaphikira

nyumba, munyumba ina kapena

pabwalo?


1 Mnyumba 2 Mnyumba ina yapadera 3 panja

-

77 Zina

- > Msika woyandikana nawo kwambiri

e31 (required)

e31: Kodi mumatenga phindi(maminisi)

zingati kuti mukafike ku mtsika

wapafupi? RECORD IN UNIT. Put 999 if don't know.


e31_unit (required)

e31a: Mulingo wake:


1 Mphindi 2 Maola

-

99 Sakudziwa

f

F. Assets

- > fa2_begin

fa2 (required)

fa2: Muli ndi ng'ombe zingati zokoka

ngolo?



Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


fb2 (required)

fb2: Muli ndi ng'ombe zingati? Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


fc2 (required)

fc2: Muli ndi Nkhosa zingati/ abira

angati? Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


- > fa2b_begin

fd2 (required)

fd2: Muli ndi Mbuzi zingati? Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


fe2 (required)

fe2: Muli ndi Nkhumba zingati? Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


ff2 (required)

ff2: Muli ndi Nkhuku zingati? Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


- > fg2_begin

fg2 (required)

fg2: Kodi muli ndi ziweto zina monga

abakha, nkhunda, atsekwe, kapena

nkhanga zingati? Count any baby animal as whole animal


fh2 (required)

fh2: Muli ndi mabedi angati?


fi2 (required)

fi2: Kodi muli ndi tebulo?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

fj2 (required)

fJ2: Kodi muli ndi maayironi angati?


- > fg2b_begin

fk2 (required)

fk2: Muli ndi Mawailesi a flashi,

kaseti/CD kapena a memory card

angati?




fl2 (required)

fl2: Muli ndi njiga zakapalasa zingati?


- > fm2_begin

fm2 (required)

fm2: Muli ndi mipando wamba kapena

ya sofa ingati?


fo2 (required)

fo2: Muli ndi Fuliji zingati/ma Fuliji

angati?


ft2 (required)

ft2: Muli ndi Mawayilesi angati?


- > fm2_beginx

fv2 (required)

fv2: Muli ndi Maotchi angati apakhoma?


fx2 (required)

fx2: Muli ndi Migolo ingati

yofululira/kuphikira mowa?


- > fy2_begin

fy2 (required)

fy2: Muli ndi Magalimoto angati?


fz2 (required)

fz2: Muli ndi Njinga zamoto zingati?


faa2 (required)

faa2: Muli ndi Mabwato angati?


- > fy2_beginx

fee2 (required)

fee2: Muli ndi Zikwanje zingati?


fgg2 (required)

fgg2: Muli ndi Nkhwangwa zingati?


fhh2 (required)

fhh2: Muli ndi zikwakwa/zisikilo zingati?


g0

G. Credit. Tsopano ndikufunsani

mafunso okhuzana ndi kutenga nawo

kwanu gawo mumabanki ndi ngongole

g1 (required)

g1: Kodi pali munthu wapakhomo panu

pano amene ali ndi bukhu kubanki?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa



-

88 Akana kuyankha

g1_5

g1.5 Kodi pali munthu wa pakhomo

pano aliyense amene analandilapo

ngongole iliyonse pa miyezi khumi ndi

iwili yapitayi?

1 Inde 0 Ayi

- > -

Group relevant when: ${g1_5} =1

g2_1 (required)

g2_1:Kodi munakongola chani?


1 Ndalama 2 Kuponi 3 Zogwirira ntchito zinaperekedwa 4 Chithandizo chinalandiridwa

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Refused to answer

g3 (required)

g3: Kodi ngongoleyi anatenga

kwandani?


1 Bungwe loyima palokha

2 obwereketsa ndalama odziwika ndi

boma[ma Bank]

3 Obwelekesa ndalama osadziwika

ku boma (anzanu/achibale)

4 Villaga bank/ SACCOs/

chipereganyo

5 Mabungwe obweleketsa ndalama

ang'ono ang'ono 6 Anzanu kapena achibale 7 Kampani

-

77 Zina

-

99 Sakudziwa

g5 (required)

g5: Kodi ndi ndani amene anapanga

chiganizo chotenga ngongoleyi

kuchokela kumeneko?


1 Mzimayi wamkulu/weniweni 2 Mzibambo wamkulu wapakhomopo 3 Wina wapakhomopo

4 Wina[gulu la anthu] lomwe

silapakhomopo

-

99 Sindikudziwa



n02 (required)

n02: kodi mwagwiritsako ntchito foni

yammanja pochita zinthu izi mumiyezi

12 yapitayi kutumiza ndi kulandila

ndalama kapena kulipila ma bilu


1 Inde 0 Ayi

i

i. Food Security [Food Insufficiency]

note1_1

Tsopano ndikufunsani za mapezedwe a

zakudya pa masiku makumi atatu

apitawa (30)

i1a (required)

i1a: Mwezi watha (masiku 30),

munadandaulapo kuti khomo lanu

silikhala ndi chakudya chokwanira


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

i1b (required)

i1b: Kodi izi zinachitika pafupipafupi

bwanji?


1 Mwa apo ndi apo[kamodzi kapena

kawiri pa mwezi wapitawo

2 Nthawi zina [Katatu mpaka kakhumi

pa mwezi wapitawu]

3 kawirikawiri[kupitilira ka khumi pa

mwezi wapitawo]

i1c (required)

i1c: Mwezi wathawu (masiku 30), inu

kapena wina aliiyense wapakhomo panu

simunathe kudya zakudya zamtundu

womwe mumafuna chifukwa chosowa

zofunikira?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

i1d (required)

i1d: Kodi izi zinachitika pafupipafupi

bwanji?





pa mwezi wapitawu]


mwezi wapitawo]

i1 (required)

i1: Masiku 30 apitawa, kodi inuyo

kapena aliyense wapakhomo pano,

alipo amene sanadye chakudya

chakasinthasintha chifukwa chosowa

chakudyacho?

1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa



Chakudya chomwe mukanakonda kuti mudye chitha kukhala nkhuku kapena mpunga, nsima , nyama, nsoma


-

88 Akana kuyankha

i2 (required)

i2: Kodi izi zinachitika pafupipafupi

bwanji?





pa mwezi wapitawu]


mwezi wapitawo]

i3 (required)

i3: Pa masiku 30 apitawa kodi inuyo

kapena wina aliyense wa pakhomo lanu

anadyako chakudya

chimodzimodzi/osasintha chifukwa

chochepekedwa? Chakudya chosasintha chikhoza kukhala nsima ndi mchere kapena nyemba zokha


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

i4 (required)


bwanji?





pa mwezi wapitawu]


mwezi wapitawo]

i5 (required)

i5: Mwezi wathawu (masiku 30), inu

kapena wina aliyense wapakhomo pano

anadya mochepa poyelekeza ndi

mmene amafunila kudyela chakudya

cha mmawa kapena chamadzulo

pachifukwa choti panalibe chakudya

chokwanila?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

i6 (required)


bwanji?





pa mwezi wapitawu]


mwezi wapitawo]

i7 (required)

i7: Masiku 30 apitawa, kodi inu kapena

wina aliyense wapakhomo pano

anadyapo chakudya chochepa

1 Inde 0 Ayi



kuyerekeza ndi mmene amafunira

chifukwa chakulephela kupeza

chakudya chokwanira -


-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

i8 (required)


bwanji?





pa mwezi wapitawu]


mwezi wapitawo]

i9 (required)

i9: Mwezi wathawu (masiku 30), inuyo

kapena wina aliyense wapakhomo

pano, alipo amene anagona ndi njala

chifukwa chakudya chinali

chosakwanira?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

i10 (required)


bwanji?





pa mwezi wapitawu]


mwezi wapitawo]

i11 (required)

i11: Mwezi wathawu (masiku 30), inu

kapena wina aliyense wapakhomo pano

alipo amene anakhala tsiku lonse

mpaka usiku osadya chifukwa chakudya

chinali chosakwanira?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

i12 (required)


bwanji?





pa mwezi wapitawu]


mwezi wapitawo]

i13 (required)

i13: Mwezi wathawu (masiku 30), inalipo

tsiku lina lomwe munalibe chakudya

chamtundu wina uliwonse chifukwa

chosowa zipangizo zopezera zakudya?

1 Inde 0 Ayi



Question relevant when: true () -

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

i14 (required)


bwanji?





pa mwezi wapitawu]


mwezi wapitawo]

i15 (required)

i15: Masiku 30 apitawa, kodi pakhomo

pano alipo wadya mtedza? This could be any form


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

i16 (required)

i16: Masiku 30 apitawa, kodi pakhomo

pano alipo wadya soya? This could be any form


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

j

J. Environment

j3 (required)

j3: Kodi alipo wapakhomo pano yemwe

amakatola zinthu zina zakutchire ndi

cholinga chogulitsa kapena kugwiritsa

ntchito pakhomo?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

- > Zinthu Zotoledwa

Group relevant when: ${j3} =1

j4aa

j4aa: Kodi amakatola nkhuni kapena

matabwa?

1 Inde 0 Ayi

j4a

j4a: Amagwilitsa ntchito yanji

Nkhunizo/matabwawo? (Werengani

Mayankho)

Question relevant when: ${j4aa} =1

1 Kugwiritsa ntchito pakhomo basi 2 Kugulitsa zonse

3 Zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito pakhomo

komanso kugulitsa



j5a (required)

j5: Kodi nkhuni/matabwa amenewa ndi

zofunikira bwanji pa khomo lanu ngati

njira yopezera ndalama?


1 sizofunika 2 Zofunika pang'ono 3 Kwambri

-

99 sakudziwa

j4ca

j4ca. Kodi amakatola zinthu zina monga

zipatso, masamba kapena makungwa

1 Inde 0 Ayi

j4b

j4b: Kodi zinthu zimenezi mumagwiritsa

ntchito yanji? (werengani mayankho)

Question relevant when: ${j4ca} =1

1 Kugwiritsa ntchito pakhomo basi 2 Kugulitsa zonse

3 Zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito pakhomo

komanso kugulitsa

j5c (required)

j5: Kodi zinthu zimenezi ndi zofunikira

bwanji pa khomo lanu ngati njira

yopezera ndalama? Zosafunika

kwenikweni, Zofunika pang'ono,

zofunika kwambiri


1 sizofunika 2 Zofunika pang'ono 3 Kwambri

-

99 sakudziwa

j6 (required)

j6: Kodi pakhomo panu pano alipo

amene amadalira usodzi kawirikawiri?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

- > Usodzi


j7 (required)

j7: Kodi ndi masiku angati mu mwezi

wathawu amene wina wake wapakhomo

pano amapita ku usodzi?


- > Usodzi > j8_begin

j8 (required)

j8: Kodi munganene kuti ndi msomba

zochuluka bwanji zomwe zamagwida pa

tsiku Help them estimate. Don't know is 999



219

1 Chiwerengero cha nsomba 2 Kuchuluka kwa ma kilogalamu

j8b

j8b: Units for fish 1 Chiwerengero cha nsomba 2 Kuchuluka kwa ma kilogalamu

j10_1

j10_1: Kodi mumagulitsa nsombazo? 1 Inde 0 Ayi



j10_2

j10_2: Mongoyerekeza ndi ndalama

zingati zomwe munapeza pakhomo

pano m'mwezi wathawu kuchokera ku

malonda a nsomba? Record in Kwacha and put 999 for don’t know

Question relevant when: ${j10_1} =1

j11 (required)

j11: M'sabata yathayi, mwadya nsomba

kangati pakhomo pano?


j17 (required)

j17: Mu miyezi 12 yapitayi, kodi khomo

lanu linakhudzidwapo ndi mavuto

akuchepa kwa malo omwe mumalima

kamba ka kukokoloka kwa nthaka?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

j18 (required)

j18: Mwawonelapo zioneselo za kubyala

kapena kusamala mitengo chaka

chapitachi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

j19 (required)

j19: Nanga pakhomo pano alipo

wadzala mitengo Zaka Ziwiri zapitazi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

j20 (required)

j20: Kodi ndi mitengo ya mtundu wanji

yomwe inadzalidwa?


1 Zipatso/mtedza/ulimi wamitengo 2 Mitengo ina -99 Sakudziwa other Other

j20_other

Specify other.


selected(${j20}, 'other')

j21 (required)

j21: Munayamba mwamvapo za

kusintha kwa nyengo? Like long-term changes in weather patterns like timing of rains or average temperatures


1 Inde 0 Ayi

j22 (required)

j22: Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndi chiyani

chimene mungachite pokonzekera

kapena kulimbana ndi kusintha kwa

nyengo monga kusefukira kwa madzi

ndi chilala?


1 kudzala mitengo

2 kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo

yochepa/nkhuni

3 kugwiritsa ntchito zophikira

zamakono/masitovu



4 kugwiritsa ntchito nkhalango ya

mmudzi

5 Kugwiritsa bwino ntchito

nkhalango 6 Kusunga madzi -77 Zina -99 Sakudziwa chomwe angachite other Other

j22_other

Specify other.


selected(${j22}, 'other')

k1

K. Health

- > -

k02 (required)

k02: Mumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji

kukafika kuchipatala chapafupi

kwambiri? This should be amout of time, not distance


k03

k03: Mulingo

1 Mphindi 2 Maola

-

99 Sakudziwa

k04 (required)

k04: Kodi mwana wanu pakhomo pano

akadwala, nthawi zambiri mumatani?


1 Kupita kuchipatala kapena

chipatala chaching'ono 2 Kupita ku kiliniki 3 Kusamalira wodwala panyumba 4 Kupita kwa a sing'anga 5 zina, chonde tchulani -99 Sakudziwa -88 Akana kuyankha -77 N/A (Alibe ana) other Other

k04_other

Specify other.


selected(${k04}, 'other')

k06 (required)

k06: Kodi ndi chifukwa chiyani simupita

kuchipatala mwana wa pakhomo pano

akadwala?

1 Sangakwanitse mtengo

wakuchipatala 2 Sangakwanitse Mayendedwe



Question relevant when: true () 3 Ndikutali 4 Ndikovuta kukafika kumeneko

5

chisamaliro chakwa

asing'anga/chapakhomo

ndichimodzimodzi ndi

chakuchipatala 6 Zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo

-

77 Zina

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

k08 (required)

k08: kodi ndi chipatala chiti chomwe

mumapita nthawi zambiri mukafuna

kupita kuchipatala?


Chadza Unit 33 Chadza Unit 33

Chikowa

Health Centre

Chikowa Health

Centre

Chileka Health

Centre Chileka Health Centre

Chimbalanga

Heath Centre

Chimbalanga Heath

Centre

Chitedze

Health Centre

Chitedze Health

Centre

Chiunjiza

Health Centre

Chiunjiza Health

Centre

Dickson Health

Centre Dickson Health Centre

Kabudula

Health Centre

Kabudula Health

Centre

Kan'goma

Health Centre

Kan'goma Health

Centre

Khongoni

Health Centre

Khongoni Health

Centre

Matapila Heath

Centre Matapila Heath Centre

Mbang'ombe

Health Centre

Mbang'ombe Health

Centre

Mbwatalika

Health Centre

Mbwatalika Health

Centre



Mitundu Health

Centre Mitundu Health Centre

Mlale Health

Centre Mlale Health Centre

Mtenthera

Health Centre

Mtenthera Health

Centre

Nathenje

Health Centre

Nathenje Health

Centre

Ngoni Health

Centre Ngoni Health Centre

Nkhoma

Hospital Nkhoma Hospital

Nsaru health

Centre Nsaru health Centre

Nthondo

Health Centre

Nthondo Health

Centre

Ukwe Health

Centre Ukwe Health Centre

-77 Other

Kalembo

Dispensary Kalembo Dispensary

Kankao Health

Centre Kankao Health Centre

Kapile Health

Centre Kapile Health Centre

Mbera Health

Centre Mbera Health Centre

Phalula Health

Facility Phalula Health Facility

Phimbi Health

Centre Phimbi Health Centre

Ulongwe

Health Centre

Ulongwe Health

Centre

Utale I Health

Centre Utale I Health Centre

Utale II Health

Centre Utale II Health Centre

Chikweo Halth

Centre Chikweo Halth Centre



Machinga

District

Hospital

Machinga District

Hospital

Namanja

Health Centre

Namanja Health

Centre

Ngokwe Health

Centre Ngokwe Health Centre

Nsanama

Health Centre

Nsanama Health

Centre

Ntaja Health

Centre Ntaja Health Centre

Nyambi Health

Centre Nyambi Health Centre

Chilipa Health

Centre Chilipa Health Centre

Chilonga

Dispensary Chilonga Dispensary

Jalasi Health

Centre Jalasi Health Centre

Katuli/Kasekela

Health Centre

Katuli/Kasekela Health

Centre

Luwalika

Health Centre

Luwalika Health

Centre

Mkumba

Health Centre

Mkumba Health

Centre

Mtimabi Health

Centre Mtimabi Health Centre

Nagallamu

Health Centre

Nagallamu Health

Centre

Namwera

Health Centre

Namwera Health

Centre

Nankumba

Health Centre

Nankumba Health

Centre

Phirilongwe

Health Centre

Phirilongwe Health

Centre

Atupele

Community

Hospital

Atupele Community

Hospital



Chilumba Rural

Hospital

Chilumba Rural

Hospital

Fulirwa Health

Centre Fulirwa Health Centre

Hara

Dispensary Hara Dispensary

Iponga Health

Centre Iponga Health Centre

Kaporo Rural

Hospital Kaporo Rural Hospital

Karonga

District

Hospital

Karonga District

Hospital

Kasoba Health

Centre Kasoba Health Centre

Lupembe

Health Centre

Lupembe Health

Centre

Mlare Health

Centre Mlare Health Centre

Mpata Health

Centre Mpata Health Centre

Ngana Health

Centre Ngana Health Centre

Nyungwe

Health Centre

Nyungwe Health

Centre

St Annies

Health Centre

St Annies Health

Centre

Sangilo Health

Centre Sangilo Health Centre

Alinafe

Rehabilitation

Centre

Alinafe Rehabilitation

Centre

Benga Health

Centre Benga Health Centre

Bua

Dispensary Bua Dispensary

Chididi Health

Centre Chididi Health Centre



Dwamadzi

Rural Hospital

Dwamadzi Rural

Hospital

Kaongozi

Dispensary Kaongozi Dispensary

Kapiri Health

Centre Kapiri Health Centre

Kasitu Health

Centre Kasitu Health Centre

Lwaladzi

Health Centre

Lwaladzi Health

Centre

Malowa

Dispensary Malowa Dispensary

Matiki Health

Centre Matiki Health Centre

Mlosa Health

Centre Mlosa Health Centre

Mpamantha

Dispensary

Mpamantha

Dispensary

Msenjere

Health Centre

Msenjere Health

Centre

Ngala Health

Centre Ngala Health Centre

Nkhotakota

District

Hospital

Nkhotakota District

Hospital

Chingale

Health Centre

Chingale Health

Centre

Lambulira

Health Centre

Lambulira Health

Centre

Likangala

Health Centre

Likangala Health

Centre

Mayaka Health

Centre Mayaka Health Centre

Mmambo

Health Centre

Mmambo Health

Centre

Ngwelelo

Health Centre

Ngwelelo Health

Centre

Kalemba

Health Centre

Kalemba Health

Centre



Lulwe Health

Centre Lulwe Health Centre

Makhanga

Health Centre

Makhanga Health

Centre

Masenjele

Health Centre

Masenjele Health

Centre

Mbenje Health

Centre Mbenje Health Centre

Ndamera

Health Centre

Ndamera Health

Centre

Nsanje District

Hospital

Nsanje District

Hospital

Nyamithuthu

Health Centre

Nyamithuthu Health

Centre

Phokera Health

Centre Phokera Health Centre

Sankhulani

Health Centre

Sankhulani Health

Centre

Sorgin Health

Centre Sorgin Health Centre

Tengani Health

Centre/Nsanje

District

Hospital

Tengani Health

Centre/Nsanje District

Hospital

Trinity Hospital Trinity Hospital

k10 (required)

k10: Kodi kwenikweni komwe

mumapeza uphungu okhuzana ndi

chithandizo cha matenda ndi kuti?


1 Chipatala cha boma 2 Chipatala cha boma chaching'ono 3 Chipatala cha boma choyendera

4 Chipatala[ sakudziwa kuti ndi

chaboma kapena cholipira]

5

chipatala chaching'ono[sakudziwa

ngati ndi chaboma kapena

cholipira] 6 Chipatala choyendayenda 7 Alangzi azaumoyo

8 Alangzi otengera kulera Khomo ndi

khomo 9 CHAM



10 Zipatala zolipira 11 Malo ogulako mankhwala 12 Banja La Mtsogolo 13 MACRO 14 Malo okumaniranako achinyamata 15 Sitolo 16 Tchalitchi 17 Mzake/wachibale 18 Gulu la amayi 19 Gulu lo samalira

-

77 Zina

-

88 Akana

-

99 N/A

k12 (required)

k12: Kodi munayamba mwamva za njira

zomwe amai kapena abambo

amagwiritsa ntchito kuti apewe kukhala

ndi pakati?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

88 akana kuyankha

k14 (required)

k14: Kodi padakali pano pali njira imene

inu mukugwiritsa ntchito pofuna

kuchedwesa kapena kupewa kutenga

mimba? Ask if between 15-50 years old


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

-

66 N/A (Aposa zaka 50 zakubadwa)

k16 (required)

k16: Ndi njira ziti zomwe mukugwiritsa

ntchito?


1 Kutseka kwa amayi 2 Kutseka kwa abambo 3 mapilitsi 4 Lupu 5 Jekeseni 6 Nopulanti

7 Mpira wa abambo/makondomu

azibambo 8 makondomu achizimayi



9 Njira yowerenga masiku a

msambo 10 Kuthira pambali -99 sakudziwa -88 Akana kukyankha other Other

k16_other

Specify other.


selected(${k16}, 'other')

k18 (required)

k18: Kodi mumakalandira kuti

chithandizo cholera?





5





khomo 9 CHAM 10 Zipatala zolipira 11 Malo ogulako mankhwala 12 Banja La Mtsogolo 13 MACRO 14 Malo okumaniranako achinyamata 15 Sitolo 16 Tchalitchi 17 Mzake/wachibale 18 Gulu la amayi 19 Gulu lo samalira

-

77 Zina

-

88 Akana

-

99 N/A



k20 (required)

k20: Sindikufuna kudziwa zotsatira

koma ndikungofuna kudziwa ngati

mwalandirapo uphungu okhuzana ndi

kachilombo ka edzi, kuyezesa magazi

ndikumva zosatila miyezi 12 yapitayi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

k22 (required)

k22: INTERVIEWER: Ngati oyakha ali

pabanja kapena ubwenzi: Kodi

amuna/akazi wanu analandira uphungu

okhuzana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa

matenda a edzi, kuyezesa ndi kulandila

zosatila nthawi yomweyo pa chaka

chapitachi? Ask only if respondent is part of a couple


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

66 N/A (alibe mwamuna/mkazi)

-

99 sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

k24 (required)

k24: Kodi chithandizo chimenechi

munalandilira kuti?





5





khomo 9 CHAM 10 Zipatala zolipira 11 Malo ogulako mankhwala 12 Banja La Mtsogolo 13 MACRO 14 Malo okumaniranako achinyamata 15 Sitolo 16 Tchalitchi 17 Mzake/wachibale 18 Gulu la amayi 19 Gulu lo samalira



-

77 Zina

-

88 Akana

-

99 N/A

k25

k25: Ofunsa yankhani funso ili: Kodi

pakhomo lino alipo mwana wamiyezi

yosakwana 6?

1 Inde 0 Ayi

- > -

Group relevant when: ${k25} =1

k25_1

k25_1 Kodi mwana wanu wakhanda

kwenikweni mumamumwetsa kapena

mumamudyetsa chakumwa/chakudya

chanji?

1 Mkaka wammawere 2 Mkaka wamchitini wogula

3 Atchula zina osati mkaka

wammawere kapena wamchitini

-

99 Sakudziwa

k25_2

k25_2 Kodi pali chakudya/chakumwa

chinanso chimene

mumamudyetsa/mumamumwetsa

{DZINA}

1 Mkaka wammawere 2 Mkaka wamchitini wogula

3 Atchula zina osati mkaka

wammawere kapena wamchitini

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26_num

k26 Kodi muli ndi ana amene ali ndi

zaka pakati pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi

(6 months) ndi miyezi makumi awiri nd

itatu (23 months)?

1 Inde 0 Ayi

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months

Group relevant when: ${k26_num} =1

k26_name

Tandikumbutsani dzina lamwana uja

amene ali pakati pa miyezi 6 ndi 23

yakubadwa

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Zakudya ndi zamadzi madzi za dzulo

notek_1

Tsopano ndikufunsani za zinthu

zamadzimadzi kapena zakudya zimene

[k26_name] anadya dzulo lonse (miyezi

6-23 yakubadwa) (AUTONAME FROM ROSTER YOUNGEST CHILD AGED 6-23 MONTHS)



k26a (required)

k26a: madzi


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26b (required)

k26b: Mkaka wa mmawere


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26ba (required)

k26ba: Kodi [k26_name] anayamwa

kangati dzulo mkaka wa mmawere? IF 7 OR MORE TIMES, RECORD '7'. .Write "-99" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


k26c (required)

k26c: Mkaka ogula wa ana akhanda


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26ca (required)

k26ca: Ngati inde, kodi [k26_name]

anamwa kangati mkaka ogula wa ana a

khanda? IF 7 OR MORE TIMES, RECORD '7'. .Write "-99" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


k26d (required)

k26d: Mkaka ngati wamchitini, waufa

kapena mkaka wamadzi wochokera ku

nyama.


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26da (required)

k26da: Kodi [k26_name] anamwa

kangati mkaka umenewu IF 7 OR MORE TIMES, RECORD '7'. .Write "-99" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


k26e (required)

k26e: Yogati


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26ea (required)

k26ea: Kodi [k26_name] anamwa

kangati Yogati? IF 7 OR MORE TIMES, RECORD '7'. .Write "-99" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.




- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Zakudya ndi zamadzi madzi za dzulo > Kodi dzulo nthawi ya masana kapena

madzulo, alipo mwana wa miyezi 6 ndipo osapitilira miyezi 23, amene anadya kapena kumwa …

k26f (required)

k26f: Juwisi


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26g (required)

k26g: Tiyi kapena Khofi


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26h (required)

k26h: Zakumwa zoziritsa kukhosi

monga Fanta


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26i (required)

k26i: Msuzi


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Zakudya ndi zamadzi madzi za dzulo > Kodi dzulo nthawi ya masana kapena

madzulo, alipo mwana wa miyezi 6 ndipo osapitilira miyezi 23, amene anadya kapena kumwa …

k26j (required)

k26j: Zakudya zina monga Seleraki

(Likuni phala, Nestum, Purity, Sibusiso)


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26k (required)

k26k: Phala lamadzimadzi


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26l (required)

k26l: Thobwa


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Zakudya ndi zamadzi madzi za dzulo > Kodi dzulo lonse, alipo mwana wa miyezi

pakati pa 6 ndi 23 amene anadya kapena kumwa …

k26m (required)

k26m: Thanzi ORS


1 Inde 0 Ayi



-

99 Sakudziwa

k26n (required)

k26n: Mavitamini


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k26o (required)

k26o: Zakudya zina zamadzimadzi

zilizonse


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

notek_2

Tsopano ndikufunsani za zakudya

zolimba kapena zokanya zomwe

[k26_name] anadya dzulo lonse.

Ndikufuna kudziwa ngati mwana wanu

anadya chakudyachi ngakhale zitakhala

kuti zakudyazo zinaphatikizidwa ndi

zina.

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Solid and semi-solid (mushy) foods

k28_note1

Tsopano ndikufunsani za zakudya

zolimba kapena zokanya zomwe

[k26_name] anadya dzulo lonse.

Ndikufuna kudziwa ngati mwana wanu

anadya chakudyachi ngakhale zitakhala

kuti zakudyazo zinaphatikizidwa ndi

zina.

k28a (required)

k28a: Buledi, sikono, nsima ya mgaiwa,

nsima ya ufa woyera, mapira, mpunga,

mchewere, kapena zakudya zina

zochokera ku njere.


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k28b (required)

k28b: Maungu, karoti, sobo, chilazi,

mbatata ya kholowa kapena zina

zomwe zili zachikasu kapena olenji

mkati


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k28c (required)

k28c: Koko wazikhawo, Mbatata ya

kachewere, mbatata yeyera mkati,

chilazi, chinangwa, kapena zakudya

zina zochokera ku mizu?

1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa




k28d (required)

k28d: Masamba obiriwira monga

bonongwe, ndi masamba a maungu,

kabichi, chiyinizi, chigwada, khwanya,

chitambe kapena kholowa/Mtoliro?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k28e (required)

k28e: Mfutso wa Nkhwani, khwanya,

chitambe kapena Kholowa/Mtoliro?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Tsopano ndikufunsani za zakudya zolimba kapena zokanya zomwe [dzina] anadya

dzulo lonse. Ndikufuna kudziwa ngati mwana wanu anadya chakudyachi ngakhale zitakhala kuti zakudyazo

zinaphatikizidwa ndi zina.

k28f (required)

k28f: Mango akupsa, mapapaya,

magwafa?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k28g (required)

k28g: zakudya zina za zipatso kapena

masamba monga nthochi, ma apulo.


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k28h (required)

k28h: Chiwindi, mphafa, mtima kapena

ziwalo zina za nyama?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Tsopano ndikufunsani za zakudya zolimba kapena zokanya zomwe [dzina] anadya



k28i (required)

k28i: Nyama monga ya Ng'ombe,

Nkhumba, Nkhosa, Mbuzi, Nkhuku,

Bakha, Kalulu, kapena Mbewa?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k28j (required)

k28j: Nkhono kapena ziwala?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k28k (required)

k28k: Mazira?

Question relevant when: true () 1 Inde



0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k28l (required)

k28l: Nsomba zouma kapena zaziwisi,

Nkhanu, kapena zina zammadzi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Tsopano ndikufunsani za zakudya zolimba kapena zokanya zomwe [k26_name] anadya



k28m (required)

k28m: Zakudya zina monga Nyemba,

Soya Mtedza


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k28n (required)

k28n: Tchizi kapena zina zochokera ku

mkaka?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Other foods that [k26_name] may have had yesterday

k280 (required)

k280: Mafuta, batala, kapena zakudya

zina zonga izi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k28p (required)

k28p: zakudya zina za shuga monga

chokoleti, siwiti, nzimbe, uchi, makeke,

kapena Bisiketi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k28q (required)

k28q: Zakudya zina zolimba kapena

zolimbirako


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

k30 (required)

k30: Ndikangati komwe[k26_name]

anadya zakudya zolimba, zolimbilako

kapena zofewa dzulo masana kapena

usiku


- > notek_3



notek_32

Kodi dzulo lonse mzimayi wamkulu

wapakhomo pano anadyako zakudya

ngati izi? Consider MAIN WOMAN

k32a (required)

k32a: Mtedza This includes anything made from this


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

66 N/A. not applicable

k32b (required)

k32b:Soya This includes anything made from this


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-


l

L. Household Decision Making

- > l02: Zigamulo zikamapangidwa zokhudza zinthu izi ndi ndani amene amapanga zigamulo zimenezi

l02a (required)

l02a: Kupeza zipangizo zaullimi select all that apply


1 Mzibambo wamkulu kapena

mwamuna wawo

2 Mzimai wamkulu kapena mkazi

wawo 3 Mzibambo wina wa pakhomopo 4 Mzimayi wina wapakhomopo 5 wina wake osati wapakhomopo

-

66 N/A. Palibe zomwe zikuyenera

l02b (required)

l02b: Mbeu zoyenela kulima



mwamuna wawo



-




l02c (required)

l02c: Ndiliti kapena ndindani yemwe

angatenge mbewu kunsika kokagulisa

(kapena ayi)



mwamuna wawo



-


l02h (required)

l02h: Kugwiritsa kapena

kusagwiritsantchito njira zakulera?



mwamuna wawo



-


l02i (required)

l02i: Kutenga kapena kusatenga nawo

gawo mukupanga ziganizo kapena

muzochitika za mdela



mwamuna wawo



-


l02j (required)

l02j: Kutenga ngongole



mwamuna wawo



-




l02k (required)

l02k: Kutenga kapena mmene

mungatengele nawo mbali mumagulu

kapena mumakomiti



mwamuna wawo



-


l02l (required)

l02l: Kupanga ziganizo chokhuza sukulu

ya mwana wa mamuna



mwamuna wawo



-


l02m (required)

l02m: Kupanga ziganizo chokhuza

sukulu ya mwana wa mkazi



mwamuna wawo



-


l02n (required)

l02n: Kupanga chiganizo ngati

kulikoyenela kutengela mwana

wammuna kuchipatala



mwamuna wawo



-




l02o (required)

l02o: Kupanga chiganizo ngati

kulikoyenela kutengela mwana wamkazi

kuchipatala



mwamuna wawo



-


l02p (required)

l02p: Kupanga chiganizo choti mupite

kuchipatala



mwamuna wawo



-


I05

INTERVIEWER: Kodi pakhomo pano

alipo mzimayi wamkulu yemwe atha

kuyankha mafunso otsatirawa?

0 Ayi, palibe mzimayi wankulu

pakhomopa

1 Inde, alipo mzimayi wankulu ndipo

ayankha mafunso otsatirawa

2

Inde, alipo mzimayi wankulu koma

watalikira palibe sakwanitsa

kuyankha mafunso otsatirawa

- > I05_mainwoman2

Group relevant when: ${I05} >0

note_k5

Tsopano ndikufuna kudziwa zantchito

za ulimi zokhudza mzimayi wamkulu wa

khomo lino

l06 (required)

l06: Kodi m’miyezi 12 yapitayi (nyengo

yolima yangothayi) khomo lanu lino

linatengapo mbali pa ulimi wa mbeu

zomwe zolinga zake zenizeni zinali

kudya basi osati kugulitsa?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

- > I05_mainwoman2 > I06_begin

Group relevant when: ${l06} =1



l06a (required)

l06a: Kodi [mzimayi wamkulu]

anali/munali ndi mphavu yaikulu bwanji

popanga ziganizo pa (Mbeu zomwe

zimalimidwa ndicholinga chenicheni

choti muzadye) munyengo yolima

yangothayi?


1 Samaiyikapo zigamulo mpang'ono

pomwe

2 Amaikapo zigamulo zochepa

kwambili 3 Amaikapo zigamulo mu zinthu zina 4 Amagamula mu zinthu zambiri 5 Amagamula pa zonse

-

66

N/A: sipanapangidwe chiganizo chili

chonse

l06b (required)

l06b: Munali/anali mphamvu yaikulu

bwanji popanga ziganizo zamene

mungagwirisile ntchito ndalama

zochokera pa (Mbeu zomwe

zimalimidwa ndicholinga chenicheni

choti muzadye)?



pomwe



-

66


chonse

l08 (required)

l08: kodi [mkazi wa wamkulu

wapakhomo] anatengako/munatengako

mbali pa ulimi wa ziweto pa miyezi 12

yapitayi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

l08a (required)

l08a: Kodi munali/anali ndi mphamvu

yaikulu bwanji popanga ziganizo pa

kuweta ziweto mu nyengo yolima

yomwe yathayi?



pomwe



-

66


chonse

l08b (required)

l08b: Munali/anali mphamvu yaikulu

bwanji popanga ziganizo zammene

mungagwirisile ntchito ndalama

zochokera ku kuweta ziweto?



pomwe


kwambili 3 Amaikapo zigamulo mu zinthu zina 4 Amagamula mu zinthu zambiri



5 Amagamula pa zonse

-

66


chonse

l10 (required)

l10: kodi munatengako/anatengako

mbali pa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono

kapena kugula ndi kugulitsa mu miyezi

12 yapitayi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi



l10a (required)

l10a: Kodi munali/anali mphamvu

yaikulu bwanji popanga ziganizopa

ndalama zochokera ku mabizinezi

ang'onoang'ono?



pomwe



-

66


chonse

l10b (required)

l10b: Kodi [mkazi wa wamkulu

wapakhomo] anali/munali ndi mphamvu

yaikulu bwanji popanga ziganizo

zamomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito

ndalama zochokera kutchito zina osati

ulimi?



pomwe



-

66


chonse

l12 (required)

l12: kodi munatengako/anatengako

mbali pa ntchito yolipidwa pamwezi

kapena ganyu mu miyezi 12 yapitayi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi



l12a (required)

l12a: Kodi munali/anali ndi mphamvu

yaikulu bwanji popanga ziganizo pa

(Zochitika zobweresa ndalama

zosakhunzana ndi ulimi: bizinesi


pomwe


kwambili



yaing'ono, ntchito zopezela ndalama

zosalembedwa ndi munthu, kugula ndi

kugulitsa)?


3 Amaikapo zigamulo mu zinthu zina 4 Amagamula mu zinthu zambiri 5 Amagamula pa zonse

-

66


chonse

l12b (required)




zamomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito

ndalama zochokera ku malipiro a

pamwezi kapena ganyu?



pomwe



-

66


chonse

l14 (required)

l14: Kodi munatengako mbali pa ulimi

wansomba mu miyezi 12 yapitayi?

[Munyengo yolima yomwe yangothayi)


1 Inde 0 Ayi



l14a (required)

l14a: Kodi [mkazi wa wamkulu



zokhudza usodzi kapena ulimi

wansomba m'miyezi 12 yapitayi?



pomwe



-

66


chonse

l14b (required)




zokhudza zamomwe mungagwiritsire

ntchito ndalama zochokera muntchito za

usodzi kapena ulimi wansomba?



pomwe



-

66


chonse



mnote

M. Participation and Governance

m00 (required)

m00: ENUMERATOR: Please indicate

who is responsing to this section


1

woyankha mafunso yemwe

walembedwa koyambirira kwa

mafunso

2 woyankha mafunso wina mzibambo

wamkulu wamnyumbamo

3 woyankha wina: munthu wina

wamwamuna

4 woyakha wina: munthu wina wa

mkazi

5 woyakha wina: mzimayi wamkulu

wamyumbamo

m02 (required)

m02: Kodi mumatenga nawo gawo

mumagulu kapena mabungwe


1 Inde 0 Ayi

m04 (required)

m04: kodi ndimagulu kapena mabungwe

ati omwe mumatenga nawo gawo


1 Gulu la asodzi/alimi

2 Komiti ya chitukuko mudzi (VDC)

Kapena ADC

3 Magulu obwereketsa ndalama

ammudzi 4 Gulu la ochita malonda 5 Gulu losamalira odwala

6 Sukulu/zokhudzana ndi

maphunziro

7 Zaumoyo/zokhudzana ndi

madyedwe 8 Yokhudzana ndi zachilengedwe

9 Ntchito za

mdera[madzi,miseu,zinyalala] 10 Gulu la chipembedzo 11 Gulu lophunzitsa ntchito 12 Gulu la mmudzi -88 Akana other Other

m04_other

Specify other.


selected(${m04}, 'other')



m22 (required)

m22: Kodi munagwilitsako ntchito

nthawi yanu mongothandiza potenga

nawo mbali muzochitika za mu dela lanu

pa miyezi 6 yapitayi monga kukonza

misewu, kuwerenga, kuphunzitsa,

zaumoyo, kapena ina ili yonse? such as for health, hiv/aids, education help, construction of public works, serving on committees


1 Inde 0 Ayi

m34 (required)

m34: Kodi mukudziwa ngati dera lino lili

ndi komiti ya chitukuko cha mmudzi ya

VDC


1 Inde 0 Ayi

m36 (required)

m36: Kodi mukudziwa zomwe komiti ya

chitukuko cha mmudzi ya VDC

imapanga


1 Inde 0 Ayi

m38

m38: Kodi amagwira ntchito yanji?

Question relevant when: ${m36} =1

1

Kufunsa anthu amdera

zokhudzana ndi chitukuko choti

chichitike mderalo

2

Kuimilila zofuna zawanthu

kumisonkhano yamaboma

ang'ono

3 Kufufuza anthu oyenera kuti

agwire ntchito za mdera


alandire nawo makuponi -99 Sakudziwa kwenikweni other Other

m38_other

Specify other.



m40 (required)

m40: Kodi munayamba mwatengapo

gawo muzochitika kapena kukhalanawo

pa misonkhano ya komiti ya chitukuko

cha m'mudzi [VDC] kapena ya komiti ya

chitukuko cha m'dera [ADC]?


1 Inde 0 Ayi



m42 (required)

m42: Kodi mukudziwa ntchito ya

maboma angónoangóno /makhonsolo

kapena makhansala?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

m44 (required)

m44: Kodi mukuganiza kuti ntchito ya

maboma angónoangóno/makhonsolo

ndichiyani?


1

Kufunsa anthu amdera

zokhudzana ndi chitukuko choti

chichitike mderalo

2

Kuimilila zofuna zawanthu

kumisonkhano yamaboma

ang'ono


agwire ntchito za mdera


alandire nawo makuponi -99 Sakudziwa kwenikweni other Other

m44_other

Specify other.



- > m46_begin


ndinu okhutira bwanji ndi momwe Boma

lino[osati dziko] likugwirira ntchito: Read Responses

m46_note

Ndinu okhutira bwanji ndi momwe Boma

lino[osati dziko] likugwirira ntchito:


376

1 Kukhutitsidwa kwambiri 2 Kukhutitsidwa pang'ono 3 Pakatikati 4 kusakhutitsidwa pang'ono 5 kusakhutitsidwa kwambiri

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

-

66 N/A

m46 (required)

m46: zokonza miseu?


1 Kukhutitsidwa kwambiri 2 Kukhutitsidwa pang'ono



3 Pakatikati 4 kusakhutitsidwa pang'ono 5 kusakhutitsidwa kwambiri

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

-

66 N/A

m48 (required)

m48: Kuperekera ntchito za chitetezo

zammadera?



-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

-

66 N/A

m50 (required)

m50: Ntchito zopereka madzi ndi

ukhondo?



-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

-

66 N/A

m52 (required)

m52: kukonza misika ya m'madera.





-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

-

66 N/A

m54_note

Ndinu okhutitsidwa bwanji ndi mmene

Boma lanu monga manisipalite

akuperekera ntchito izi ?

m54 (required)

m54: Ndinu okhutitsidwa bwanji ndi

mmene boma lanu monga manicipality

limafunsa nzika monga inu asanapange

ziganizo?



-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

-

66 N/A

m56 (required)

m56: Ndinu okhutira bwanji ndi momwe

Boma lino[osati dziko] likugwirira ntchito

zothetsa ziphuphu?



-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

-

66 N/A

m58 (required)

m58: Ndinu okhutira bwanji ndi momwe

Boma lino[osati dziko] likugwirira ntchito

zokhudza malo?



-

99 Sakudziwa



-

88 Akana kuyankha

-

66 N/A

m64 (required)

m64: Kodi mu miyezi 12 yapitayi,

pakhomo pano alipo amene walandilapo

[Chithandizo cha zakudya chamagulu]


1 Inde 0 Ayi

m64d (required)

m64d: Kodi munakhutitsidwa bwanji ndi

chithandizo chomwe munalandilacho


1 kukhutitsidwa kwambiri 2 Kukhutitsidwa 3 Kusakhutitsidwa 4 Kusakhutitsidwa kwambiri

-

88 Akana

m66 (required)


pakhomo pano alipo amene

walandirapo [Maphunziro okhudza ulimi]

kuchokera ku Boma?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

m66d (required)

m66d: kodi munakhutitsidwa bwanji ndi

chithandizo chomwe munalandiracho?



-

88 Akana

m62 (required)


pakhomo pano alipo anagwiritsapo

ntchito [Sukulu zaboma]


1 Inde 0 Ayi

m62d (required)

m62d: kodi munakhutitsidwa bwanji ndi




-

88 Akana

- > m68a_begin

Group relevant when: ${m62} =1



notedkljs

Kodi munayambapo mwakumana ndi

mavuto awa ku sukulu yanu ya boma

mu miyezi 12 yapitayi


395

0 palibe 1 kamodzi kapena kawiri 2 Nthawi zochepa 3 Kawirikawiri

-

88 Akana

m68a (required)

m68a: Chithandizo chinali chodula

kwambiri/analephera kulipila



-

88 Akana

m68b (required)

m68b: Kusowa kwamabuku owerenga

ndizipangizo zina zophunzilira



-

88 Akana

m68c (required)

m86c: Kuphunzitsa kosakwanila



-

88 Akana

- > m68d_begin


note_mb68d

Kodi munayambapo mwakumana ndi

mavuto awa ku sukulu yanu ya boma

mu miyezi 12 yapitayi


401




-

88 Akana

m68d (required)

m68d: kujomba kwa aziphunzitsi



-

88 Akana

m68e (required)

m68e: Kuchuluka kwa ana ophunzira

mmakalasi



-

88 Akana

m68f (required)

m68f: malo ndi zipangizo zophunzilira

zosasamalika



-

88 Akana

m60 (required)


pakhomo pano alipo anagwiritsapo

ntchito chipatala chaboma?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

m60d (required)

m60d: Kodi munakhutitsidwa bwanji ndi




-

88 Akana

- > m70a_begin


noted705

noted705: Kodi munayambapo

mwakumana ndi mavuto awa

muzipatala za bomapa miyezi 12

yapitayi

m70a (required)

m70a: Chithandizo chinali chodula

kwambiri/analephera kulipila 0 palibe



Question relevant when: true () 1 kamodzi kapena kawiri 2 Nthawi zochepa 3 Kawirikawiri

-

88 Akana

m70b (required)

m70b: Kusowa kwa mankhwala kapena

zipangizo zina zogwiritsira ntchito



-

88 Akana

m70c (required)

m70c: Kupelewela kwa chidwi kapena

kusowa ulemu kwa ogwira ntchito



-

88 Akana

- > m70d_begin


m70d_note

noted705: Ndikangati komwe

mwakumana ndi ena mwa mavutowa ku

chipatala chanu cha boma pa miyezi 12

yapitayi?


415


-

88 Akana

m70d (required)

m70d: kujomba kwa

madotolo/anamwino



-

88 Akana

m70e (required)

m70e: Nthawi yodikilira yayitali


0 palibe 1 kamodzi kapena kawiri



2 Nthawi zochepa 3 Kawirikawiri

-

88 Akana

m70f (required)

m70f: Malo aumve?



-

88 Akana

- > m72_begin


m72 (required)

m72: Kodi munatenga nthawi yayitali

bwanji podikila chithandizo ku chipatala


m72_units

-

1 Mphindi 2 Maola

-

99 Sakudziwa

m76 (required)

m76: kodi inuyo kapenawina aliyense

wapakhomo pano analandilapo Zakudya

za ana kuchokera ku ndondomeko ya

zakudya mu sukulu zaboma


1 Inde 0 Ayi

m78 (required)

m78: Kodi munalembesapo mavoti?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

m80_2 (required)

m80:Masankho asanachitike a 2014,

kodi mukudziwa china chilichonse

chomwe Khansala wanu analonjeza kuti

adzapanga akadzapambana pa

chisankho?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

m80_3 (required)

n80_3: Mukukhulupilira kuti khansalayo

akugwira ntchito kuti akwaniritse

malonjezano ake?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha



m88 (required)

m88: Kodi boma lanu lalingóno,

Khonsolo, komiti ya chitukuko cha

m'mudzi, kapena town khanso

limapangitsa misonkhano kuti apeze

zitukuko zimene zikufunika koyambirira?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

m90 (required)

m90: Munayamba mwakhalapo pa

nsonkhano wa zimenezi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

- > Community involvement

m92 (required)

m92: Kodi mukuganiza kuti anthu

ammudzi muno/ town ali ndi mphamvu

zochuluka bwanji popereka maganizo

pankhani zokhudza chitukuko cha

madera awo monga ngati , masukulu,

zipatala, ngalande zothirira, misewu

zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maboma

ang'onoangóno.


1 Kwambiri 2 Nthawi zina 3 Pang'ono 4 Palibe

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

m94 (required)

m94: Mukaganizira ntchito za chitukuko

za m’boma lanu (monga sukulu,

zipatala, magetsi, ndi misika), kodi

mukuganiza kuti zofuna za anthu

zimathandizira bwanji kasankhidwe ka

malo a chitukukocho


1 Kwambiri 2 Nthawi zina 3 Pang'ono 4 Palibe

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

88 Akana kuyankha

m110 (required)

m110: Kodi muli ndi chikhulupiliro ndi

kayendesedwe kachuma ka boma lanu

la madera?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

m118 (required)

m118: Kodi munagwiritsako ntchito foni

yammanja kuti mupeze uthenga

wokhuza zithandizo zaboma? monga

ngati mitengo ya zinthu, chiwerengero

cha anthu odwala, uthenga wokhudza

sukulu. PROBE: Such as commodity prices, health statistics, school information


1 Inde 0 Ayi



m120 (required)

m120: Kodi munayamba mwagwiritsa

ntchito foni yammanja kuti muneneze

nkhani za ziphuphu, kujomba kwa

aphunzitsi, kusowa kwa mankhwala? PROBE: Such as corruption, teacher absence, drug shortage


1 Inde 0 Ayi

h

H. Farming Sopano ndikufunsani mafunso okhudzana ndi ulimi munyengo yoli ma yathayi

h1_filter

Kodi nkhomo lanu limapanga/limachita

ulimi wina uli wonse pofuna kupanga

zokolora zogulitsa kapena zokudya?

1 Inde 0 Ayi

- > h1_filterx

Group relevant when: ${h1_filter} =1

h1 (required)

h1: Munyengo yaulimi yangothayi ya

2017-2018, alipo amene pakhomo panu

pano anadzala mbeu ya soya, mtedza,

mbatata za kholowa za olenji mkati,

kapena mitengo kuti agulitse kapena

kudya?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

- > h1_filterx > farming

Group relevant when: ${h1} =1

- > h1_filterx > farming > h4_starting



443

1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h4_soya

Kodi munadzala Soya ulimi wathawu?

1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h4_grcham

Mtedza

1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h4_sweetpot

mbatata ya kholowa ya olenji mkati? 1 Inde



0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

- > h1_filterx > farming > Kakololedwe ka Soya

Group relevant when: ${h4_soya} =1

h3a (required)

h3: Kodi ndi malo akulu bwanji amene

munalima (SOYA) munyengo yolima

yapitayi? Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h3_unhta (required)

h3b: Kodi ndi akulu bwanji[mulingo] RECORD IN UNIT


HECTARES Ma Hekitala ACRES Ma ekala SQMETERS Ma sikweya mitazi

FOOTBALL

PITCHES Ma galaundi a mpira

- > h1_filterx > farming > h4_begina1

Group relevant when: ${h4_soya} =1 and ${h3a} >200000.0

h3a_prompt (required)

h3_prompt: Mukutsimikiza kuti

munalima Soyabeans pa malo a

[h3a][h3_unhta]? INTERVIWER: If the Answer is NO, Please go back to H3a and Reconcile with respondent the correct amount of land


1 Inde 0 Ayi



h3a_ver (required)

h3_ver: Kodi [h3a][h3_unhta], ndi malo

akulilapo, ochepelapo kapena ofanana

kuyelikeza ndi omwe munalima ulendo

womaliza womwe tinabwera?


1 More 2 Less 3 About the same 99 Don’t know

-




h_soytype (required)

Munagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wanji wa

SOYA?


1 Serenade 2 Tikolore 3 Makwacha -99 Sakudziwa



other Other

h_soytype_other

Specify other.


selected(${h_soytype}, 'other')

- > h1_filterx > farming > Kakololedwe ka Soya


h4aa (required)

h4aa: Kodi khomo lanu linapeza ma

kilogalamu angati a (SOYA) munyengo

yolima yapitayi, chonde phatikizilani

zokolora zonse za (SOYAYU) pamodzi. Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h6aa (required)

h6a: Ndimakilogalamu angati a (SOYA)

amene munasunga kuti khomo lanu

lizigwiritsa ntchito? Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h4ba (required)

h4ba: Kodi ndi makilogalamu angati a

(SOYA) omwe khomo lanu linagulitsa?

Chonde phatikizilani zokolora zonse za

(mbeuyi) zomwe munagulitsa pamodzi. Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


- > h1_filterx > farming > Sales of Soyabeans

Group relevant when: ${h4ba} >0

h5a (required)

h5: Zonse pamodzi, munalandila

ndalama zingati mutagulitsa (SOYAYU)

munyengo yolima yapitayi? RECORD IN MK . Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h6ba (required)

h6b: Kodi zinakutengelani nthawi yaitali

bwanji kuti mugulitse zokolora za

SOYAYU? (masiku)


- > h1_filterx > farming > njira zodzalira Soya


h7aa (required)

h7ac: Kodi munathira feteleza ku SOYA

Question relevant when: true () 1 Inde



0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7a8a (required)

h7a8c: Kodi zonse pamodzi

munagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zingati

zogulila feteleza omwe munathila pa

SOYA] Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7a9a (required)

h7a9c: Kodi munagwiritsa ntchito

feteleza wochulka bwanji pa [KG] Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7ba (required)

h7ba: Kodi munathila manyowa ku

SOYA


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7b8a (required)

h7b8a: Kodi zonse pamodzi


zogulila manyowa omwe munathila pa

SOYAYU RECORD IN MK .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7b9a (required)

h7b9a: Kodi munagwiritsa ntchito

manyowa wochuluka bwanji pa [KG] RECORD IN KGs


h7ca (required)

h7cc: Kodi munagwiritsa ntchito mbewu

ya njere/mbande podzala SOYA?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7c8a (required)

h7c8c: Kodi zonse pamodzi


zogulila SOYA [MK] Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


- > h1_filterx > farming > njira zodzalira Soya > beginh7a



h7c9a (required)

h7c9c: Kodi munagwiritsa ntchito

Mbewu yochuluka bwanji ya SOYA RECORD IN KGs or SEEDINGS


h7c9a2 (required)

lembani mulingo wa mbewu ya SOYA


1 ma KG 2 Mbewu

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7da (required)

h7da: Kodi munagwilitsapo tchito

waganyu pobzala, kupalila, kapena

pokolola mbewu ya SOYAyi


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7d8a (required)

h7d8a: Kodi zonse pamodzi

munagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zingati pa


pokolola mbewu ya [Soya] RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7d9a (required)

h7d9a: Kodi munagwiritsa ntchito

ndalama zingati polipira a ganyu

wopalira, kukolora mbewu ya SOYAyi? RECORD IN HOURS.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7ea (required)

h7ea: Kodi munagwilitsapo ntchito

zida/zipangizo zobweleka pa mbewu ya

[Soya]


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7e8a (required)

h7e8a: Kodi zonse pamodzi


pazida/zipangizo zobweleka ku

Mbewuyi RECORD IN MK


- > h1_filterx > farming > Zokolora za Mtedza

Group relevant when: ${h4_grcham} =1

h3b (required)

h3b: Kodi ndi malo akulu bwanji amene

munalima (MTEDZA) munyengo yolima

yapitayi?



.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h3_unhtb (required)

h3_unhtb: Kodi ndi akulu bwanji RECORD IN UNIT



FOOTBALL


- > h1_filterx > farming > h4_beginb1

Group relevant when: ${h4_grcham} =1 and ${h3b} >200000.0

h3b_prompt (required)

h3b_prompt: Mukutsimikiza kuti

munalima Mtedza pa malo a

[h3b][h3_unhtb]? INTERVIWER: If the Answer is NO, Please go back to H3b and Reconcile with respondent the correct amount of land


1 Inde 0 Ayi



h3b_ver (required)

h3b_ver: Kodi [h3b][h3_unhtb], ndi malo






-




h_gntype (required)

h_gntype: munalima mbeu ya MTEDZA

yamtundu wanji?


1 CG7 2 Chalimbana 3 Chalimbana 2000 -99 Sakudziwa other Other

h_gntype_other

Specify other.


selected(${h_gntype}, 'other')

h4ab (required)

h4ab: Kodi khomo lanu linapeza ma

kilogalamu angati a (MTEDZA )

munyengo yolima yapitayi, chonde

phatikizilani zokolora zonse pamodzi.



.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h6ab (required)

h6ab: Ndimakilogalamu angati a

(MTEDZA ) amene munasunga kuti

khomo lanu lizigwiritsa ntchito? .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h4bb (required)

h4bb: Kodi ndi makilogalamu angati a

(MTEDZA ) omwe khomo lanu

linagulista? Chonde phatikizilani

zokolora zonse pamodzi .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h5b (required)

h5b: Zonse pamodzi, munalandila

ndalama zingati mutagulitsa (MTEDZA )

munyengo yolima yapitayi? .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h6bb (required)

h6bb: Kodi zinakutengelani nthawi

yaitali bwanji kuti mugulitse zokolora za

MTEDZA zi? (masiku)


- > h1_filterx > farming > Njira zolimira Mtedza


h7ab (required)

h7ab: Kodi munathira feteleza ku mbeu

ya MTEDZA


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7a8b (required)




mbewuyi? RECORD IN MK


h7a9b (required)


feteleza wochulka bwanji pa [MTEDZA ] RECORD IN KGs




h7bb (required)

h7bb: Kodi munathila manyowa ku

MTEDZA wu?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7b8b (required)

h7b8b: Kodi zonse pamodzi


zogulila manyowa omwe munathila pa

MTEDZA wu? RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7b9b (required)

h7b9b: Kodi munagwiritsa ntchito

manyowa wochulka bwanji pa MTEDZA

? RECORD IN KGs


h7cb (required)

h7cb: Kodi munachita kudzala Mbewu

ya MTEDZA yi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7c8b (required)



zogulila Mbewuyi RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


- > h1_filterx > farming > Njira zolimira Mtedza > begin_h7b

h7c9b (required)

h7c9b: Kodi munagwiritsa ntchito

Mbewu yochuluka bwanji pa MTEDZA ? RECORD IN KGs or SEEDINGS


h7c9b2 (required)

Lembani mulingo wa mbewu


1 ma KG 2 Mbewu

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7db (required)



pokolola MTEDZA


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa



h7d8b (required)




pokolola mbewu ya MTEDZA yi? RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7d9b (required)

h7d9a: Kodi ndi maola angati omwe

munagwiritsa ntchito pa waganyu

pobzala, kupalila, kapena pokolola

mbewu ya [MTEDZA ] RECORD IN HOURS.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7eb (required)

h7ea: Kodi munagwilitsapo tchito

zida/zipangizo zobweleka pa mbewuyi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7e8b (required)




MTEDZA ? RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


- > h1_filterx > farming > Zokolora za MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji mkati

Group relevant when: ${h4_sweetpot} =1

h3f (required)

h3: Kodi ndi malo akulu bwanji amene

munalima (MBATATA ya kholowa ya

olenji mkati) munyengo yolima yapitayi? .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h3_unhtf (required)

h3b: Kodi ndi akulu bwanji RECORD IN UNIT



FOOTBALL


- > h1_filterx > farming > h4_beginf1

Group relevant when: ${h4_sweetpot} =1 and ${h3b} >200000.0



h3f_prompt (required)

h3f_prompt: Mukutsimikiza kuti

munalima MBATATA ya kholowa ya

olenji mkati pa malo a [h3f][h3_unhtf]? INTERVIWER: If the Answer is NO, Please go back to H3f and Reconcile with respondent the correct amount of land


1 Inde 0 Ayi



h3f_ver (required)

h3f_ver: Kodi [h3f][h3_unhtf], ndi malo






-




h4af (required)

h4a: Kodi khomo lanu linapeza ma

kilogalamu angati a (MBATATA ya

kholowa ya olenji mkati) munyengo

yolima yapitayi, chonde phatikizilani

zokolora zonse pamodzi. .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h4bf (required)

h4b: Kodi ndi makilogalamu angati a

(MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji mkati)

omwe khomo lanu linagulista? Chonde

phatikizilani zokolora zonse pamodzi .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h5f (required)

h5: Zonse pamodzi, munalandila

ndalama zingati mutagulitsa (MBATATA

ya kholowa ya olenji mkati) munyengo

yolima yapitayi? .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h6af (required)

h6a: Ndimakilogalamu angati a

(MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji mkati)



amene munasunga kuti khomo lanu

lizigwiritsa ntchito? .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h6bf (required)

h6b: Kodi zinakutengelani nthawi yaitali

bwanji kuti mugulitse zokolora za

MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji mkatizi?

(masiku)


- > h1_filterx > farming > Njira zolimira MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji mkati


h7af (required)

h7a: Kodi munathira feteleza ku mbeu

ya MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji mkati


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7a8f (required)




MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji mkati RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7a9f (required)


feteleza wochulka bwanji pambewuyi? RECORD IN KGs.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7bf (required)

h7ba: Kodi munathila manyowa ku

mbeu y MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji

mkati yi


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7b8f (required)

h7b8a: Kodi zonse pamodzi


zogulila manyowa omwe munathila

pambewuyi? RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7b9f (required)

h7b9a: Kodi munagwiritsa ntchito

manyowa wochulka bwanji pambewuyi



ya MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji

mkati? RECORD IN KGs.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7cf (required)

h7cc: Kodi munagwiritsa ntchito mbewu

podzala MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji

mkati?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7c8f (required)



zogulila Mbewuyi? RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


- > h1_filterx > farming > Njira zolimira MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji mkati > h7f

h7c9f (required)

h7c9c: Kodi munagwiritsa ntchito

Mbewu yochuluka bwanji pa mbewuyi? RECORD IN KGs or SEEDINGS.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7c9b2 (required)

Lembani mulingo wa mbewu ya

MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji mkati


1 ma KG 2 Mbewu

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7df (required)



pokolola MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji

mkati?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7d8f (required)




pokolola mbewuyi RECORD IN MK


h7d9f (required)

h7d9a: Kodi ndi maola angati omwe

munagwiritsa ntchito pa waganyu

pobzala, kupalila, kapena pokolola

mbewu yi? RECORD IN HOURS




h7ef (required)

h7ea: Kodi munagwilitsapo tchito

zida/zipangizo zobweleka pa mbewu ya

MBATATA ya kholowa ya olenji mkatiyi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h7e8f (required)




Mbewuyi? RECORD IN MK


h27 (required)

h27: Kodi pakhomo pano alipo amene

amatenga nawo gawo mu

makalabu/magulu a ulimi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

h28 (required)

h28: Kodi pakhomo pano ndani

amatenga nawo mbali?


1 Mzimayi wamkulu kapena mkazi

wawo


mwamuna wawo 3 Mzibambo wina wapakhomopo 4 Mzimayi wina wapakhomopo

n04 (required)

n04: kodi mwagwiritsako ntchito foni

yammanja pochita ma bizinesi mumiyezi

12 yapitayi (monga kuyang'ana mitengo

ya mbewu)


1 Inde 0 Ayi

h30 (required)

h30: Kodi zokolora zanu

zaposachedwapa munagulitsa kuti

ndipo motani?


1 Wogula amabwera pakhomo 2 Amapita ku msika

3 Kudzera kunyumba zosungitsa

katundu 4 Kudzera kumakina a internet

-

77 Zina

-

99 Sakudziwa

-

66 N/A

h30a (required)

H30a: Mumiyezi khumi ndi iwiri yapitayi,

munatayako gawo lina la zokolola

1 Inde 0 Ayi



munthawi yosankha chifukwa

chakuwonongeka (such as aflatoxin,

mold, other)


-

99 Sakudziwa

h30b (required)

H30b: Ndi mbewu yanji imeneyi?


1 Groundnuts 2 Soya 3 Sweet potatoes 4 Maize other Other

h30b_other

Specify other.


selected(${h30b}, 'other')

h30c (required)

H30c: Mumiyezi khumi ndi iwiri yapitayi,

mwakumanako ndi vuto lo kanidwa

kugulisa zokolola zanu kumsika kapena

kosungira katundu chifukwa cha

kukayikiridwa kuti ndizowonongeka?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

-

99 Sakudziwa

h30d (required)

H30d. Inali mbewu yanji?



h30d_other

Specify other.


selected(${h30d}, 'other')

h31 (required)

h31: Miyezi 12 yapitayi, mwasinthako

njira zamalimidwe anu?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

h32 (required)

h32: Ngati inde, ndi njira ziti zatsopano

za malimidwe zomwe mwayamba

kutsatira?


1 kugwiritsa ntchito madzi

wochepa 2 Kugwiritsa ntchito Feteleza 3 Nyongolotsi zamunthaka 4 Mbeu zosiyanasiyana 5 Kuphatikiza mbeu

6 Kudzala mbewu

mwakasinthasintha 7 Kuthirira



8 Mbeu zamakono 9 Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa 10 Malo abwino osungila -77 Zina -99 Sakudziwa other Other

h32_other

Specify other.


selected(${h32}, 'other')

h33 (required)

h33: Kodi mtundu wambeu zimene

mumabzyala wasitha muzaka zochepa

zapitazi?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

h34 (required)

h34: Ndi chifukwa chiyani mbeu zimene

banja lanu limalima zasintha?


1

Bungwe lomwe silaboma linapatsa

mbeu yatsopano/anatiuza kuti

tisinthe mbeu

2

Mtundu wina wake wa mbeu

unatchipa ndipo unali wasavuta

kupeza 3 Tinapeza malo owonjezera

4 Tinapeza ngongole ndipo

tinakwanitsa kugula mbeu

5 Tinaphunzitsidwa za ubwino

wosintha mbeu mmunda

6 Timafuna kuonjezera mbeu

yatsopano 7 Kagwedwe ka mvula kanasintha

-

99 Sakudziwa

o25

o25: INTERVIEWER: Kodi pali

wothandizira kuyankha mafunso ? Do not ask

1 Inde 0 Ayi

- > a21_begin

Group relevant when: ${o25} =1

a20 (required)

a21 Kodi dzina la labanja la amene

wathandizira kuyankha mafunso ndi

ndani?




a21_begin (required)

a22 Mayina a amene wathandizira

kuyankha mafunsowo ndi ndani?


a22 (required)

a20 Ofunsa: Onani kuti kodi

wothandizira kuyankha mafunsoyo ndi

wamkazi kapena wamwamuna? (observe)



a23 (required)

a23 Wothandiza kuyankha mafunsoyo

ali ndi udindo wanji pa banjapo?


1 Mutu wabanja

2 mkazi/mwamuna wa mutu

wakhomolo 3 wamkulu wina wakhomopo

a24

a24 kodi munthu ameneyu anathandiza

kuyankha gawo liti?

A Background B Household members roster C Education D Well-being E Household features F Assets G Credit/loans H Farming I Food security J Environment K Health L Household decision-making M Participation and governance O GPS, Recontact, Notes

o

O. Recontact Information

o02 (required)

o02: Zikomo chifukwa chanthawi yanu

pothandiza kafukufukuyu. Kuti

tionenesese kuti zinthu zili bwino, mutha

kundipatsa nambala yanu ya foni

yomwe ingazathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito

polumikizana nanu patakhala kuti

tikufuna kumvesesa pa zinthu zina mu

ma sabata angapo akubwerawa?


1 Inde 0 Ayi

o04

o04: Nambala ya foni yomwe tingathe

kulumikizana ndi khomo ino



Include 9 digits only with no zero in front and no dashes or spaces

Question relevant when: ${o02} =1

o06

o06: Nambala ya foni ina ya pakhomo

pano Include 9 digits only with no zero in front and no dashes or spaces


o22

o22: Location Notes: Please provide

descriptive location of household.

(example: near primary school, off main

road, etc)


o24

o24: Interview Notes: (Please make

notes on responsiveness of household,

difficulties encountered during interview,

etc.)


comments GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE

INTERVIEW Only Relevant comments are encouraged

o18 o18: GPS Reading Wait until accuract is less than 10 meters if possible


Annex B. Household Survey - English

CDCS-2018-REPLACEMENT MODULE


title

USAID/MALAWI - COUNTRY

DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION

STRATEGY - HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 2018

intro1 Prior to arriving at the house, fill the

following:

a1 (required) a1: DISTRICT NAME


Lilongwe

Rural Lilongwe Rural

Balaka Balaka Machinga Machinga Mangochi Mangochi Mulanje Mulanje Karonga Karonga Nkhotakota Nkhotakota Zomba Zomba Nsanje Nsanje

a2 (required) a2: TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY NAME:


Amidu Amidu Chamthunya Chamthunya Kachenga Kachenga Kalembo Kalembo Msamala Msamala Nkaya Nkaya Sawali Sawali -77 Other Chadza Chadza Chiseka Chiseka Chitekwele Chitekwele Kabudula Kabudula Kalolo Kalolo Kalumba Kalumba Kalumbu Kalumbu Khongoni Khongoni Malili Malili Masula Masula



Masumbankhunda Masumbankhunda Mazengera Mazengera Mtema Mtema Njewa Njewa Tsabango Tsabango Chikweo Chikweo Chinguza Chinguza Chiwalo Chiwalo Kapoloma Kapoloma Kawinga Kawinga Liwonde Liwonde Mlomba Mlomba NKoola NKoola Ngokwe Ngokwe Nkoola Nkoola Nsanama Nsanama Nyambi Nyambi Sitola Sitola Kilupura Kilupura Kyungu Kyungu Mwakaboko Mwakaboko Mwirang'ombe Mwirang'ombe Wasambo Wasambo Kafuzila Kafuzila Kanyenda Kanyenda Malengachanzi Malengachanzi Mphonde Mphonde Mwadzama Mwadzama Mwansambo Mwansambo Bwana Nyambi Bwana Nyambi Chimwala Chimwala Jalasi Jalasi Katuli Katuli Nankumba Nankumba Chimombo Chimombo Makoko Makoko



Malemia Malemia Mbenje Mbenje Mlolo Mlolo Ndamera Ndamera Tengani Tengani Chikowi Chikowi Kumtumanji Kumtumanji M'biza M'biza Mlumbe Mlumbe Mwambo Mwambo

a2_otherspecify (required) a2: Specify the TA name


a3 (required) a3: EA CODE


1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24



25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 67 67 70 70 71 71



73 73 74 74 81 81 51 51

a4 (required) a4: VILLAGE NAME


Mdzumila Mdzumila Mndole Mndole -77 Other Chimombo Chimombo Chimongo Chimongo Mpakiza Mpakiza Chiziko Chiziko Kanjira Kanjira Kadise Kadise Menya Menya Mikolo Mikolo Mkaka Mkaka Malama Malama Bvumbwe Bvumbwe Mbawala Mbawala Chagona Chagona Chiwale Chiwale Chabwasa Chabwasa Chigombe Chigombe Chinthochi Chinthochi Lembani Lembani Ingilasi Ingilasi Kazenga Kazenga Binda Binda Chionongera Chionongera Mkuwazi Mkuwazi Mwatselele Mwatselele Sambwaila Sambwaila Kumchakama Kumchakama Malunda Malunda Denie Denie Nachikunga Nachikunga



Msilo Msilo Mphamba Mphamba Mphanga Mphanga Milimbo Milimbo Mkongolo Mkongolo Chidothi Chidothi Chimenechi Chimenechi Salima Mpasa Salima Mpasa Chana Chana Chingira Chingira Chimutu Chimutu Khundi 1 Khundi 1 Khundi 2 Khundi 2 Chiuzira Chiuzira Ng'omaikalira Ng'omaikalira Mkulekera Mkulekera Mvululo Mvululo Kasiyafumbi Kasiyafumbi Mwadzalamba Mwadzalamba Chikandwe Chikandwe Msonkho Msonkho Kango Kango Chakakala Chakakala Zapita Zapita Chapumuluka Chapumuluka Gomani Gomani Chimtolo Chimtolo Kapimphi Kapimphi Chitedze Chitedze Msokosela/Kanundu Msokosela/Kanundu Kachitamanja Kachitamanja Chimutha Chimutha Kakopa Kakopa Kwenje 2 Kwenje 3 Chamba Chamba Kutsamba Kutsamba



Chipwele Chipwele Misomali Misomali Maliwata Maliwata Mgwira Mgwira Chimatiro Chimatiro Manjanja Manjanja Ngwalo 2 Ngwalo 3 Jambawe Jambawe Saka Saka Ntandiwa Ntandiwa Khwalala Khwalala Chimpakati Chimpakati Tsamba Tsamba Chizinga Chizinga Mankhwala Mankhwala Mpambila Mpambila Tiferakaso Tiferakaso Kainga Kainga Kamowatimwa Kamowatimwa Chilimba Chilimba Chisinkha Chisinkha Gambe Gambe Zidyana Zidyana Mgomwa Mgomwa Zalimu 1 Zalimu 2 Mthawitsa Mthawitsa Njirayagoma Njirayagoma Chiundu Chiundu Msaliwa Msaliwa Peter Kasanga Peter Kasanga Nsulu Nsulu Ntonda Ntonda Muotcha Muotcha Mboga Mboga Pongolani Pongolani Idi Idi



Masautso Masautso Helbert Helbert Mawecha Mawecha Kabiyo Kabiyo Mmaniwa Mmaniwa Majikuta Majikuta Kalimira Kalimira M'bawa M'bawa Kefa Kefa Mtende Mtende Chipatala Chipatala Nambazo Nambazo Kalembo 1 Kalembo 2 Tsite Tsite Chilembwe Chilembwe Malihaba Malihaba M'dala Lulanga M'dala Lulanga M'gomba M'gomba Liwonde Liwonde Mahele Mahele Ntepo Ntepo Chisuwi Chisuwi Uthiwa Uthiwa Chilanga Chilanga Matumula Matumula Chiganga Chiganga Maganga Maganga Phwiti Phwiti Nyenje Nyenje Njenjema Njenjema Takataka Takataka M'bobo M'bobo M'bwana M'bwana Mtopa Mtopa Ntopa Ntopa Meja Meja



Mlosi Mlosi Ling'ole Ling'ole Salijeni Salijeni Kauma Kauma Maganiza Maganiza Chionga Chionga Mbosongwe Mbosongwe Silika Silika Tebulo Tebulo Kalambo Kalambo Namanja Namanja Ndachi Ndachi Mtholowa Mtholowa Ntholowa Ntholowa Mkapaleya Mkapaleya Mtuwa Mtuwa Machika Machika Sinja Sinja Justin Justin Jastini 1 Jastini 2 Justini 2 Justini 3 Mpelula Mpelula Chikuluma Chikuluma Makawa Makawa Limela Limela Mikundi Mikundi Khungwa Khungwa Nguyeje Nguyeje Chinji Chinji Ntapasyale Ntapasyale Nchou Nchou Samuti Samuti Mkweya Mkweya Wadi Wadi Magombo Magombo Mchaula Mchaula



Nsosomela Nsosomela Ntupa Ntupa Kauzu Kauzu Chindunguli Chindunguli Dzoole Dzoole Mtendere Mtendere Songa 2 Songa 3 Kambalame Kambalame Nkaweya Nkaweya Mlongoti Mlongoti Chiutira Chiutira Kwekwere Kwekwere Chisiyana Chisiyana Chitonde Chitonde Leven Leven Mbungo Mbungo Bamusi Bamusi Chingwalu Chingwalu Nasuluma Nasuluma Sinoya Sinoya Nikisi Nikisi Waiti Matenje Waiti Matenje Mvumba Mvumba Mbota Kamsiya Mbota Kamsiya Juma Mbanga Juma Mbanga Sokole A Sokole A Mbusi Makande Mbusi Makande Nkota Nkota Kuchetela Kuchetela Mmatila Mmatila Mkwela kalunga Mkwela kalunga Nakonya Nakonya Namatumbo Namatumbo Mayele Mayele Issa Issa Manduta Manduta



Chikauka Chikauka Namaninga Namaninga Mchokola Mchokola Mgawo Mkwepu Mgawo Mkwepu Mlembe Mlembe Ngolojele Ngolojele Mpwakata Mpwakata Msalule Msalule Bakali Bakali Kwitunji Kwitunji Mdala Chilawi Mdala Chilawi Chiwaula Chiwaula Kwilapo Kwilapo Ngalipa Ngalipa Mponda Mponda Gideon Gideon Andrew Andrew Mwenewisi Mwenewisi Yalero Yalero James James Mwakibonja Mwakibonja Mwangalaba Mwangalaba Mwabungulu Mwabungulu Syalisoni Syalisoni Chimalabanthu Chimalabanthu Mwasalano Mwasalano Mwasalano 1 Mwasalano 2 Timothy Timothy Mwakamogho Mwakamogho Mwenengolongo Mwenengolongo Kasebwe Kasebwe Fundi Fundi Peter Mwangalawa Peter Mwangalawa Zindi Gondwe Zindi Gondwe Kayunga Kayunga Mwamatope Mwamatope



Mulwa Mulwa Fughala Fughala Kaluwa Kaluwa Mwamasapa Mwamasapa Marko Mwankenja Marko Mwankenja Nayi Nayi Potifala Mwangolera Potifala Mwangolera

Yafeti

Mwakasungula Yafeti Mwakasungula

Mlindaifwa Mlindaifwa Ngosi Ngosi Mwasota Mwasota Kayuni 1 Kayuni 1 Kayuni 2 Kayuni 2 Mwenelupembe 2 Mwenelupembe 3 Mphughu Mphughu Mwambelo Mwambelo Muchenjere Muchenjere Welosi Mwambelo Welosi Mwambelo Mphangweyanjili Mphangweyanjili Wundaninge Wundaninge Zengelanjala Zengelanjala Mwaungulu Mwaungulu Kayelewa Kayelewa Kayerewa Kayerewa Kachaka Kachaka Matambukira Matambukira Mgoyera Mgoyera Mwandovi Mwandovi Mwangamila Mwangamila Chalochamala Chalochamala Charuchamala Charuchamala Maulunge Maulunge Mchekacheka Mchekacheka Galimoto Galimoto Kayaghala Kayaghala



Chibwatiko Chibwatiko Mwanyesha Mwanyesha Mwambetania Mwambetania Luhimbo Luhimbo Katesula Katesula Mwangolera Mwangolera Mwaleba Mwaleba Mwambuli Mwambuli Sadala Sadala M'bunthuka M'bunthuka M'buthuka M'buthuka Nkhubasanga Nkhubasanga Mutangala Mutangala Njalayankhunda Njalayankhunda Thangalang'ombe Thangalang'ombe Mwanyongo Mwanyongo Wilson Kalambo Wilson Kalambo Matandala Matandala Mwakhwawa Mwakhwawa Muleleka Muleleka Mwamdimba Mwamdimba Chipembere Chipembere Nowa Nowa Kanthumdende Kanthumdende Sosola Sosola Chindodo Chindodo Mudolo Mudolo Mowe 1 Mowe 2 Chimtumbuka Chimtumbuka Munthanje Munthanje Chiya Chiya Katapila Katapila Chimdima Chimdima Khwayaya Khwayaya Chinkhwangwa Chinkhwangwa Mkwapatira Mkwapatira



Nyalubwe Nyalubwe Kambola Kambola Lunda Lunda Mjuwa Mjuwa Malamba Malamba Chimweyo Chimweyo Chigadula Chigadula Kaiwala Kaiwala Mpeta Mpeta Kafuzila Kafuzila Chimbuto Chimbuto Khufi Khufi Chiluma Chiluma Kachuma Kachuma Malengachanzi Malengachanzi Matekenya Matekenya Kawelama Kawelama Shamuti Shamuti Kawelama 2 Kawelama 3 Mchemela Mchemela Chota Chota Mazengera Mazengera Katimba Katimba Sasani 2 Sasani 3 Tandwe 1 Tandwe 2 Chamba 1 Chamba 2 Chanzi Chanzi Kapanga 2 Kapanga 3 Phwetekere Phwetekere Ching'amba Ching'amba Mtanga 2 Mtanga 3 Kawamba Kawamba Funduseni Funduseni Zikomankhani Zikomankhani Chikombe 1 Chikombe 2 Makunganya Makunganya



Mphonde Mphonde Kansuli Kansuli Sawawa Sawawa Mng'ongwe Mng'ongwe Mzumara Mzumara Selemani 2 Selemani 3 Chipelela 2 Chipelela 3 Nkhongo 3 Nkhongo 4 Chikwawe 2 Chikwawe 3 Naferanji Naferanji Chalunda Chalunda Chizongwe 1 Chizongwe 2 Ngwata 2 Ngwata 3 Chizongwe 2 Chizongwe 3 Chongole 1 Chongole 2 Chizongwe 3 Chizongwe 4 Mzeweza Mzeweza Chikumangala Chikumangala Msamala Msamala Msamala 3 Msamala 4 Nsamala Nsamala Khwapu Khwapu Nambela Nambela Nkhala Nkhala Manondo Manondo Mtachi 2 Mtachi 3 Ndimbwa Ndimbwa Manjawila Manjawila Pembela Pembela Mkukumila Mkukumila Kamongo Kamongo Patsunda 1 Patsunda 2 Chikaluma Chikaluma Mtiku Mtiku Mtutuma Mtutuma Chinangwa Chinangwa



Kumchenga Kumchenga Malewa Malewa Chimera/Chidothi Chimera/Chidothi Likapa/Kachulu Likapa/Kachulu Kuntaja Kuntaja Maluwa Maluwa Malajila Malajila Matewere 2 Matewere 3 Magombe Magombe Ganda Ganda Kagaso Kagaso Mteteka Mteteka Chitwanga Chitwanga Chipande 1 Chipande 1 Chipande 2 Chipande 2 Bwanausi Bwanausi Mtambo Mtambo Mtambo 2 Mtambo 3 Ndalama 1 Ndalama 2 Namathika Namathika Ehawi Ehawi Mwala 2 Mwala 3 Thumpwa Thumpwa Manyungwa/Mpenda Manyungwa/Mpenda Mulemba Mulemba Machemba Machemba Kadyampakeni Kadyampakeni Steven Steven

Steven

2/Kadyampakeni Steven 2/Kadyampakeni

Likhomo Muliya Likhomo Muliya Mwala 1 Mwala 2 Ngwelero Ngwelero Chisawa Chisawa Mikundi 2 Mikundi 3 Usumani 2 Usumani 3



Matewe Matewe Matewe 1 Matewe 2 Matewe 1 sinoya Matewe 1 sinoya Petulo Petulo Chimpini Chimpini Mmambo 2 Mmambo 3 Mtiko Mtiko Tung'ande Tung'ande Chisuse Chisuse Ritisan Ritisan Njala Njala Segula Segula Uzingo Uzingo Mwenyali Mwenyali Taibu Taibu Nkupe Nkupe Chombe 1 Chombe 2 Mdalakamuyanja Mdalakamuyanja Fletcher Fletcher Minthanje Minthanje Ntchenyera 2/Farao Ntchenyera 2/Farao

Pharaoh/

Ntchenyera Pharaoh/ Ntchenyera

Mulira Mulira Nyimbiri Nyimbiri Ng'ambo Ng'ambo Pangeti Pangeti Chinsungwi Chinsungwi Jimu 2 Jimu 3 Makhapha Makhapha Msambokulira Msambokulira Kaitano Kaitano Kasenga Kasenga Mbeta Mbeta Nsikuzakwenda Nsikuzakwenda Nyoza Nyoza



Nzondola Nzondola Nyakhavi Nyakhavi Thengothawani Thengothawani Kachaso Kachaso Muyang'anira Muyang'anira Ngala Ngala Makhaza Makhaza Thikiti Thikiti Khambadza Khambadza Sandalamu Sandalamu Chimpilingu Chimpilingu Chilim'madzi Chilim'madzi Mwanavumbe Mwanavumbe Kuyeri Kuyeri Nsangalambe Nsangalambe Melo Melo Guta Guta Madani Madani Chabe Chabe Nsitu Nsitu Nkolimbo Nkolimbo Chinegwe Chinegwe Chipolopolo Chipolopolo Jonikisi Jonikisi Tizola Tizola Tambo 1 Tambo 1 Tambo 3 Tambo 3 Mchacha Mchacha Nthole Nthole Nsabilima Nsabilima Mbang'ombe Mbang'ombe Chambuluka Chambuluka Kadakola Kadakola Chaya Chaya Falamenga Falamenga Leno Leno



Dickson Dogo Dickson Dogo Jokonia Jokonia Izeki Izeki Zyuwaki Zyuwaki

a4_otherspecify (required) a4: Specify Village Name


a6 (required) a6: Enumerator name


1 Annie Manyoni 2 Arthur H. Banda 3 Arthur Banda 4 Aurther Chiumia 5 Aurther Ngwira 6 Babrah Nasala 7 Bertha Loti 8 Billy Kayange 9 Bina Chingwe 10 Blessings Kamoto 11 Blessings Mbwerazino 12 Blessings Nyatepa 13 Caroline Kambalame 14 Charles Sofasi 15 Chifuniro Kalima 16 Chimwemwe Bwanausi 17 Chimwemwe Banda 18 Christina Chabwera 19 Daina Namaluweso 20 Dalitso Mpeketula 21 Daniel Msundwe 22 Darlington kapingasa 23 David Makiyi 24 Davie Scotch 25 Dickson Makwera 26 Dorothy Chirwa 27 Emmanuel .M. kaitano 28 Emmanuel Piseni 29 Esther Chitungu 30 Fanuel Chimbiya



31 Felix Peter 32 Francis Kafa 33 Frank Jumbe 34 Frazer Chafumbwa 35 Fred Bequiet 36 Gabriel Kachigayo 37 Gerald Mhango 38 Gift Kaunga 39 Gift Nsapato 40 Gifton Saizi 41 Gladwell Malunga 42 Gloria Tembo 43 Grace Chiwaya 44 Happy Katuli 45 Happy Nkhoma 46 Hellen Mbutuka 47 Henderson Chagoma 48 Innocent K. Mhango 49 Isaac M. Banda 50 Isaac Masamba 51 Islam Idana 52 Jack Yangairo 53 Jacob Mnkhwamba 54 James Ngwira 55 Jane Banda 56 Jimmy Lungu 57 Jofrey Kamanga 58 John Katete 59 John Munthali 60 Joice Mvula 61 Joseph Juma 62 Joseph Sabola 63 Joshua Bhima 64 Josphat Saidi 65 Kennedy Manda 66 Kenneth Given Limbani



67 Kingsley Manyumba 68 Kondwani Chikondi Munthali 69 Kondwani Wanda 70 Leonard Lakalaka 71 Lonjezo Sekani 72 Lonjezo Jumbe 73 Loveness Chiumula 74 Lusako Mwalwanda 75 Maureen Gwayi 76 Maxwell Phiri 77 Mayamiko Kamwaza 78 Melody Chipoka 79 Memory Kabuya 80 Memory Phiri 81 Mercy Banda 82 Mercy Kalulu 83 Mussa M. Mtayamo 84 Nellie Makanjira 85 Newton Lupoka 86 Noria Mhango 87 Peter Sana Paswell 88 Precious Kadewere 89 Rex Makwinja 90 Sauda Bwanali 91 Shad Banda 92 Shem Yuda 93 Shyma J. Dimu 94 Sikujuwa Nyasulu 95 Siphiwe Kaluwa 96 Steve Gollah 97 Stonald Kumbadzala 98 Stowell Mposa 99 Thamison Mandere 100 Thokozani Makaka 101 Thovise Makamo 102 Timothy Chirwa



103 Tombozgani Mhango 104 Wanangwa Kambondooma 105 Wilfred katunga 106 Wonderful Thindwa 107 Yusuf Ali Ayoub 108 Zynab Njerenga

a5 (required)

a5: HOUSEHOLD ID INTERVIWER: Your first Replacement interview of the day = 1, Your Second Replacement interview of the day = 2 e.t.c


idnote This Questionnaire ID is: --

hhid (required)

Replacement HOUSEHOLD ID INTERVIWER: Please Enter the correct Household ID from Old Sample provided by your Supervisor.


confirmentry (required)

Please re-enter Replacement

HOUSEHOLD ID as confirmation.


a20 (required)

a20: Why did you have to replace the old

household


1 Moved outside of EA 2 Refused to Participate 3 In eligeble

a21 a21: How was this replacement selected

1 Household farms same land 2 Nearest neighbor other Other

a21_other

Specify other.

Question relevant when: selected(${a21},

'other')

a9 (required) a9: Which attempted visit is this? (verify with log form and record)


1 First visit 2 Second visit 3 Third visit

a10 (required)

a10: Is any person at this sampled house

so you can invite the household to

participate?


1 Yes 0 No

a11 (required)

a11: Are you able to communicate in the

same language as someone in the

household?

1 Yes 0 No




intro2

Read the consent script: Hello. I am

working with Invest in Knowledge and

Social Impact. We are conducting a study to

assess the impact of the USAID/Malawi

Country Development Cooperation

Strategy. USAID is doing some activities in

this area. The results of this study may help

to improve the programs offered in Malawi

in the future. This household has been

randomly selected to participate in this

study if you choose to.

If you agree to participate in this study, we

would like to ask some survey questions.

This interview will take about 1 hour and 30

minutes. You will be asked a few questions

about yourself and family members, about

the work that supports this family, about

household goods, your activities in the

community, your opinions about local

services, your outlook on life, and

information about the household's food

consumption and health care. For most of

the questions we prefer to talk to the head

of the household, but if there is another

person who knows more about certain

topics such as agricultural activities of this

household, we would like to invite them to

respond to those parts of the survey. Also,

for quality assurance, this device may audio

record a random one-minute segment of

our conversation, to ensure I am doing a

good job and being respectful as an

interviewer.

Your participation is completely voluntary.

You can choose not to participate now, or at



any time . All information collected in this

study is confidential and will be protected to

the furthest extent permitted by law.

Although anonymous data will be shared

publicly, your name and other personal

information that identifies you will never be

used or shared with anyone outside of this

research team.

There are no known risks of participating in

this research project other than losing an

hour and 30 minutes of productive time and

a very small risk of confidentiality being

broken. There are also no direct benefits to

you if you participate other than knowing

your information will help USAID

understand whether its programs are

working or whether they need to improve.

Should you feel uncomfortable with any

question(s), you may refuse to answer it

and I will move on to the next question.

If you have any questions or concerns now

or in the future, you may contact James

Mkandawire at 0999-412-756

[email protected].

Or you can contact the Social Impact

Institutional Review Board: +1-703-465-

1884 [email protected] you have

any questions?

Do you agree to participate in the study?


a12 (required)

a12: Do you agree to participate in this

study?


1 Yes 0 No

a30

a30: INTERVIEWER: List the language

option you are going to use on the tablet for

this interview.

1 Chichewa 2 Chitumbuka 3 Chiyawo



Question relevant when: ${a12} =1 4 Chisena 5 English

a13 (required)

a13: How long have you been living in your

current village? mark no interview due to not living here 2 years and end survey


1 less than 2 years 2 2 years or more

a14 (required) a14: Record reason for no interview


1 No interview- Not living here for at least 2 years 2 No interview- No male or female head of househo 3 No interview- Adult requested reschedule 4 No interview - other reason

5 No Interview -Adults not able to interview

(illness/infirmity/mental capacity) 6 Refusal- Adults say reschedule is not possible 7 Refusal - Direct refusal 8 Refusal- other reason

9 Refusal- Recently did long survey with MACRO (

For Peace survey)

note_end

Thank you for your time. Unfortunately, you

do not meet the criteria for the survey. Have

a nice day.


-

Group relevant when: ${a12} =1 and ${a13} !=1

a_background

Section A: Background Ensure you are talking to the preferred respondent (The main female in the house is first choice. If not, the head of household. If not, another adult able to speak about the topics.)

- > a15_begin1

a15_1

a15_1 What is head of household's

surname?

a16_1

a16_1 What is the head of household's

given name?

a17_1

a17_1 What is the sex of head of

household?

0 Male 1 Female

a18 (required)

a18 What is the primary respondent's

relationship to the head of the household?


1 Head of household 2 Spouse of head of household 3 Other adult in household



- > a15_begin1 > a15_begin

Group relevant when: ${a18} !=1

a15 (required)

a15 What is main respondent's surname?


a16 (required)

a16 What is main respondent's first name?


a17 (required)

a17 What is the main respondent's sex? (Observe)


0 Male 1 Female

b11 (required)

b11: Which languages are spoken regularly

in your household?


1 Chichewa 2 Chitumbuka 3 Chiyawo 4 Chisena 5 English other Other

b11_other

Specify other.

Question relevant when: selected(${b11},

'other')

b0_

Section B: Household Members

num_people

B0 How many people do you have in your

household? Please include only the people

who usually live and eat here and not

temporary visitors. Also, include the

household head even if he or she has not

lived in the household for the past 6

months, as long as he/she is still living and

supporting this household. Please do not

include children who have already moved

out or gotten married. INTERVIWER: Enter 0 if no additional People in the household

note_roster

Now I would like to make a list of the people

starting with the head of household.

Question relevant when: ${num_people}

>=1

- > Household Roster (1)

Group relevant when: ${num_people} >=1

(Repeated group)

mem_nm (required)

B01 First Name of household member




note_member_name_1

Please answer the following questions for

[mem_nm]

b02 (required)

B02: Relationship of [mem_nm] to HH head


1 HOUSEHOLD HEAD 2 SPOUSE 3 SON/DAUGHTER 4 PARENT 5 SIBLING 6 GRANDCHILD 7 GRANDPARENT 8 FOSTER CHILD 9 OTHER RELATIVE 10 NON-RELATIVE

b03 (required)

B03: Age of [mem_nm] in completed years Report children under the age of one as zero


b03_1

B03_1: How many months old is the child?


b04 (required)

B04: Gender of [mem_nm]


0 Male 1 Female

b05 (required)

B05: What is [mem_nm] 's present marital

status?


1 MARRIED 2 SINGLE 3 WIDOWED 4 DIVORCED OR SEPARATED 5 N/A (Child)

b07 (required)

B07: What is [mem_nm] main occupation?


1 FARMING 2 HOUSEWIFE 3 HOUSEHOLD BUSINESS 4 SALARIED PROFESSION 5 WAGE LABOR 6 STUDENT 7 FISHER 8 NONE other Other

b07_other

Specify other.

Question relevant when: selected(${b07},

'other')

- > Household Roster (1) > Education Questions about [mem_nm]



Group relevant when: ${b03} >5

- > Household Roster (1) > Education Questions about [mem_nm] > c1_edu2


Education Questions about [mem_nm]

reserved_name_for_field_list_labels_60

1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-

88 Refused to Answer

c1_7 (required)

C7: Can [mem_nm] read a one-page letter

in Chichewa?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


c1_8 (required)

C8: Can [mem_nm] write a one-page letter

in Chichewa?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


c1_9 (required)

C9: Can [mem_nm] read a one-page letter

in English?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


c1_10 (required)

C10: Can [mem_nm] write a one-page letter

in English?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


c1_11 (required)

C11: Has [mem_nm] ever attended school?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know



-


c1_12 (required)

C12: Does [mem_nm] currently attend

school?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


c1_13 (required)

C13: What is the highest educational

qualification [mem_nm] has completed?


0 NONE 1 NURSERY/PRESCHOOL 2 STANDARD 1 3 STANDARD 2 4 STANDARD 3 5 STANDARD 4 6 STANDARD 5 7 STANDARD 6 8 STANDARD 7 9 STANDARD 8 10 JUNIOR FORM 1 11 JUNIOR FORM 2 12 SENIOR FORM 3 13 SENIOR FORM 4 14 VOCATIONAL TRAINING 15 DIPLOMA/CERTIFICATE 16 UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE 17 UNIVERSITY GRADUATE/POST-GRADUATE 18 Adult literacy program

-

77 OTHER

-

99 Don't know

b9_0 (required)

b9_0: Is there any household member with

a mental or physical disability?


1 Yes 0 No

-




b9 (required)

b9: Have you experienced the death of any

member of the household in the past 12

months?


1 Yes 0 No

-


b9_1

b10: Was this person aged 5 or younger?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


c2

Section C: Education Now I have a few general questions about reading.

c14 (required)

c14: How many minutes does it take to

reach the nearest public primary school?


- > c15_start

c15 (required)

c15: Are there any books, magazines, etc.

that children can read at home?


1 Yes 0 No

-

66 N/A (don't have children)

-

88 Refused

-

99 Don’t Know

c16 (required)

c16: Are there any books, magazines, etc.

that adults can read at home?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


c16_1 (required)

c16_1: Does any member of this household

ever go to a community reading center to

read?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

c17 (required)

c17: Does anyone in the household read

books, magazines, newspapers, or any

materials every day?

1 Yes 0 No




99 Don’t Know

-


c18 (required)

c18: Who reads every day?


1 Adult male(s) 2 Adult female(s) 3 Boy child(ren) 4 Girl child(ren)

D_section

Section D: Well-Being Now I would like to ask you about your views on your well-being

d5 (required)

d5: Would you say that in general the health

of your household members is excellent,

very good, good, fair, or poor?


1 Poor 2 Fair 3 Good 4 Very good 5 Excellent

-

88 Refused

d8 (required)

d8: During the past 30 days, for about how

many days did poor physical or mental

health keep you from doing your usual

activities, such as self-care, work, or

recreation?


d2 (required)

d2: How satisfied are you with the financial

situation of your household? read options


1 Not at all satisfied 2 Somewhat dissatisfied 3 Neutral 4 Somewhat satisfied 5 Very satisfied

-

99 Don't know

-

88 Refused

d10 (required)

d10: Now looking ahead – do you think that

a year from now you (and your family living

there) will be better off financially, or worse

off, or just about the same as now?


1 Worse off 2 Same 3 Better off

-

88 Refused



d22 (required)

d22: Which of the following is true? Your

current income... read options


1 Allows you to build your savings? 2 Allows you to save just a little? 3 Only just meets your expenses?

4 Is not sufficient, so you need to use your saving

expenses?

5 Is really not sufficient, so you need to borrow to

expenses?

-

88 Refused

d15 (required)

d15: Concerning your household's food

consumption over the past one month,

which of the following is true? read options


1 It was less than adequate for household needs 2 It was adequate for household needs

-

88 Refused

- > steps_begin

note1

Imagine six steps, where on the

bottom, the first step, stand the

poorest people within your village and

nearby villages, and on the highest

step, the sixth, stand the rich.

SHOW THE PICTURE OF THE STEPS

d19 (required)

d19: On which step are you today?


1 Step 1 2 Step 2 3 Step 3 4 Step 4 5 Step 5 6 Step 6

-

88 Refused

d21 (required)

d21: On which step were you last year?



-

88 Refused



d20 (required)

d20: On which step are most others in this

village today?



-

88 Refused

d23 (required)

d23: Suppose your household had

something unfortunate happen to you, such

as an unexpected loss of income or

unexpected expense. Do you have

someone you could turn to for help?


1 Yes 0 No

d26 (required)

d26: When you need to leave your home for

several hours do you worry about the

security of your things?


1 Worry a lot 2 Worry some 3 Do not worry

-

88 Refused

d4 (required)

d4: On the whole, are you very satisfied,

fairly satisfied, neutral, not very satisfied, or

not at all satisfied with the way democracy

works in Malawi?



-

99 Don't know

-

88 Refused

d14 (required)

d14: Do you believe you are personally able

to control whether there can be

improvements to your well-being in life?


1 Yes 0 No

d1 (required)

d1: All things considered, how satisfied are

you with your life as a whole these days?





-

99 Don't know

-

88 Refused

E_section

E. Household Features

e13 (required)

e13: INTERVIEWER: The outer walls of the

main dwelling of the household are

prodominantly made of what material? Prompt


1 GRASS 2 MUD (YOMATA) 3 COMPACTED EARTH (YAMDINDO) 4 MUD BRICK (UNFIRED) 5 BURNT BRICKS 6 CONCRETE 7 WOOD 8 IRON SHEETS

-

77 OTHER

e13a (required)

e13a: The roof of the main dwelling is

predominantly made of what material?



e13b (required)

e13b: Have you made any changes to your

roof material since 2014 (past 4 years)?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

e13c (required)

e13c: What was the previous roofing

material?



e14a (required)

e14a: The floor of the main dwelling is

predominantly made of what material?


1 SAND 2 SMOOTHED MUD 3 SMOOTHED CEMENT 4 WOOD 5 TILE

-

77 OTHER

e14b. (required)

e14b: Do you have electricity working in

your dwelling?


1 Yes 0 No

e15 (required)

e15: How many separate rooms do the

members of your household occupy?



(DO NOT COUNT BATHROOMS, TOILETS, STOREROOMS, OR GARAGE)


e16 (required)

e16: What is your main source of lighting?


1 Collected firewood 2 Purchased firewood 3 Battery/dry cell (torch) 4 Straw/shrub/grass 5 Paraffin/Kerosene 6 Electricity 7 LPG 8 Natural gas 9 Biogas 10 Candles other Other

e16_other

Specify other.

Question relevant when: selected(${e16},

'other')

e17 (required)

e17: What is you main source of cooking

fuel?


1 Collected firewood 2 Purchased firewood 3 Straw/shrub/grass 4 Paraffin/Kerosene 5 Electricity 6 LPG 7 Natural gas 8 Biogas 9 Coal, Lignite 10 Charcoal 11 Agricultural crop 12 Animal dung -66 N/A. No food cooked in household other Other

e17_other

Specify other.


'other')

e18 (required)

e18: Does someone in the house own a

cellular telephone (cell phone) in working

condition?


1 Yes 0 No



e19a (required)

e19a: What kind of toilet facility does your

household use?


1 Flush toilet 2 VIP latrine 3 traditional latrine with roof 4 Traditional latrine without roof 5 None/Bush

-

77 Other

e19b

e19b: Do you share this toilet facility with

other households?

Question relevant when: ${e19a} <5 or

${e19a} =-77

1 Yes 0 No

e20 (required)

e20: Do the children under 5 in the

household sleep under a bed net at those

times of the year when there are

mosquitoes present? Only ask if there are children under 5


1 YES, for all children under 5 2 YES, for some children under 5 3 NO, none of the children under 5

-

66 N/A (does not have children under 5)

e20a (required)

e20a: Do ANY members of the household

sleep under a bed net to protect against

mosquitos at some time during the year?


1 Yes 0 No

e21 (required)

e21: Have you or anyone in your household

grow any kind of tobbacco in the past 5

cropping seasons?


1 Yes 0 No

e22 (required)

e22: Did anyone of your household cultivate

a Dimba garden in (last completed dry

season)?


1 Yes 0 No

e24 (required)

e24: Over the past five years, was your

household severely affected negatively by

the following event: livestock died or were

stolen?


1 Yes 0 No

-

66 N/A (Never had livestock in past 5 years)

-

99 Don’t Know

e25a (required)

e25a: Over the past one month, did you

purchase or pay for any bar soap (body or

clothes soap)?


1 Yes 0 No



e25b (required)

e25b: Over the past one month, did you

purchase or pay for any clothes soap

(powder or paste)?


1 Yes 0 No

e26 (required)

e26: What is the main source of drinking

water for members of your household in the

past month?


1 PIPED WATER INTO DWELLING 2 PIPED TO YARD/PLOT 3 BOREHOLE 4 PUBLIC TAP/STANDPIPE 5 PROTECTED WELL 6 UNPROTECTED WELL 7 PROTECTED SPRING 8 UNPROTECTED SPRING 9 RAINWATER 10 TANKER TRUCK/ WATER VENDOR 11 CART WITH SMALL TANK

12

SURFACE WATER

(RIVER/DAM/LAKE/POND/STREAM/CANAL

DITCH) 13 BOTTLED WATER other Other

e26_other

Specify other.


'other')

- > Water

e27_num (required)

e27_num: How long does it take to go

there, get water, and come back?


e27 (required)

e27_unit: what is the unit? RECORD IN UNIT


1 minutes 2 Hours

-

99 Don't know

e28 (required)

e28: Do you usually do anything to the

water to make it safer to drink?


0 No 1 Yes

-

99 Don't know

e29 (required)

e29: What do you usually do to make the

water safer to drink?

1 BOIL 2 ADD BLEACH/CHLORINE PRODUCT/ WATER



Question relevant when: true () 3 USE WATER FILTER (CERAMIC/SAND/COMP 4 STRAIN THROUGH A CLOTH 5 SOLAR DISINFECTION 6 LET IT STAND AND SETTLE

-

99 Don't know

-

77 OTHER

e30 (required)

e30: Is the cooking usually done in the

house, in a separate building, or outdoors?


1 IN THE HOUSE 2 IN A SEPARATE BUILDING 3 OUTDOORS

-

77 OTHER

- > Nearest Market

e31 (required)

e31: How long does it take to reach the

nearest market? RECORD IN UNIT. Put 999 if don't know.


e31_unit (required)

e31a: what is the unit?


1 minutes 2 Hours

-

99 Don't know

f

F. Assets

- > fa2_begin

fa2 (required)

fa2: How many [OXEN] do you own? Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


fb2 (required)

fb2: How many [CATTLE(COWS/BULLS)]

do you own? Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


fc2 (required)

fc2: How many [SHEEP] do you own? Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


- > fa2b_begin

fd2 (required)

fd2: How many [GOATS] do you own?



Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


fe2 (required)

fe2: How many [PIGS] do you own? Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


ff2 (required)

ff2: How many [CHICKEN] do you own? Count baby animals as whole animal ; Write "999" for "don't know/refuse"


- > fg2_begin

fg2 (required)

fg2: How many [OTHER POULTRY) do you

own? Count any baby animal as whole animal


fh2 (required)

fh2: How many [BED] do you own?


fi2 (required)

fi2: Do you own any TABLES?


1 Yes 0 No

fj2 (required)

fJ2: How many [IRON] do you own?


- > fg2b_begin

fk2 (required)

fk2: How many music players

[FLASH/MEMORY CARD; TAPE OR CD

PLAYER; HIFI] do you own?


fl2 (required)

fl2: How many [BICYCLE] do you own?


- > fm2_begin

fm2 (required)

fm2: How many [CHAIR OR SOFA] do you

own?


fo2 (required)

fo2: How many [REFRIGERATOR] do you

own?


ft2 (required)

ft2: How many [RADIO (WIRELESS] do you

own?


- > fm2_beginx



fv2 (required)

fv2: How many [WATCH] do you own?


fx2 (required)

fx2: How many [BEER BREWING DRUM]

do you own?


- > fy2_begin

fy2 (required)

fy2: How many [CAR OR TRUCK] do you

own?


fz2 (required)

fz2: How many [MOTORCYCLE OR

MOTOR SCOOTER] do you own?


faa2 (required)

faa2: How many [BOAT/CANOE/RAFT] do

you own?


- > fy2_beginx

fee2 (required)

fee2: How many [PANGA] do you own?


fgg2 (required)

fgg2: How many [AXE] do you own?


fhh2 (required)

fhh2: How many [SICKLE] do you own?


g0

G. Credit. Now I'm going to ask you about

your involvement in banks or credit

g1 (required)

g1: Does any member of this household

have a bank account?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don't know

-


g1_5

g1.5: Has anyone in this household

received any loan, whether formal or

informal, in any form over the last 12

months?

1 Yes 0 No

- > loans

Group relevant when: ${g1_5} =1

g2_1 (required)

g2_1: What form did the loan take?


1 Cash 2 Voucher



3 Materials provided 4 Assistance provided

-

99 Don't know

-


g3 (required)

g3: Who provided that loan?


1 Non-governmental organization 2 Formal lender (Bank/financial institution) 3 Informal lender (friends/relatives) 4 VSLAs / SACCOs/ merry-go-rounds 5 Microfinance 6 Friends or relatives 7 A company

-

77 Other

-

99 Don't know

g5 (required)

g5: Who made the decision to borrow from

[SOURCE]?


1 Main woman 2 Main man 3 Other household member 4 Someone (or group of people) outside the hous

-

99 Don't know

n02 (required)

n02: Have you used a mobile phone in the

past 12 months to send or receive money or

pay a bill?


1 Yes 0 No

i

i. Food Security [Food Insufficiency]

note1_1

READ: Now I would like to ask you about

access to food over the past month (30

days)

i1a (required)

i1a. In the past month (30 days), did you

worry that your household would not have

enough food?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-




i1b (required)

i1b: How often did this happen?


1 RARELY (ONCE OR TWICE IN THE PAST MON

2 SOMETIMES (THREE TO TEN TIMES IN THE P

MONTH) 3 OFTEN (MORE THAN TEN TIMES IN THE PAST

i1c (required)

i1c. In the past month (30 days), were you

or any household member not able to eat

the kinds of foods you preferred because of

a lack of resources?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


i1d (required)

i1d: How often did this happen?





i1 (required)

i1: In the past month (30 days), did you or

any household member have to eat a

limited variety of foods due to a lack of

resources? When we say lack of resources, we mean not having means to get food either through growing it, purchasing it or trading for it. Preferred foods might include chicken or rice, nsima, beef, fish


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


i2 (required)

i2: How often did this happen?





i3 (required)


any household member have to eat some

foods that you really did not want to eat

because of a lack of resources to obtain

other types of food? "A limited variety of foods" might be nsima and salt or beans only


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


i4 (required)








i5 (required)


any household member eat less in either

the morning or the evening meal than you

felt you needed because there was not

enough food?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


i6 (required)






i7 (required)


any other household member have to eat

fewer than your normal number of meals in

a day because there was not enough food? A food you really did not want to eat might include amaranthus


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


i8 (required)






i9 (required)


any household member go to sleep at night

hungry because there was not enough

food?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


i10 (required)






i11 (required)


any household member go a whole day and

night without eating anything because there

was not enough food?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


i12 (required)

i12: How often did this happen? 1 RARELY (ONCE OR TWICE IN THE PAST MON



Question relevant when: true () 2 SOMETIMES (THREE TO TEN TIMES IN THE P


i13 (required)

i13. In the past month (30 days), was there

ever no food to eat of any kind in your

household because of lack of resources to

get food?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


i14 (required)






i15 (required)

i15: In the past 30 days, did anyone in this

household eat ground nuts? This could be any form


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


i16 (required)

i16: In the past 30 days, did anyone in this

household eat soy beans? This could be any form


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


j

J. Environment

j3 (required)

j3: Does anyone in this household gather

materials from the forest either to sell or use

at home?


1 Yes 0 No

- > Gathered Materials


j4aa

j4aa: Do they gather wood or timber? 1 Yes 0 No

j4a

j4a: What do they use wood/timber for?

(read response options)

Question relevant when: ${j4aa} =1

1 Use in household only 2 Sell it all 3 Both use in household and sell



j5a (required)

j5: How important is this as a source of

income? Not very important, a little, or very

important?


1 Not important 2 A little bit 3 A lot

-

99 Don't know

j4ca

j4ca: Do they gather other materials from

the forest such as fruit, leaves, or bark?

1 Yes 0 No

j4b

j4b: What do they use these materials for?

(read response options)

Question relevant when: ${j4ca} =1

1 Use in household only 2 Sell it all 3 Both use in household and sell

j5c (required)

j5: How important are these materials as a

source of income? Not very important, a

little, or very important?


1 Not important 2 A little bit 3 A lot

-

99 Don't know

j6 (required)

j6: Does anyone in this household practice

fishing regularly?


1 Yes 0 No

- > Fishing


j7 (required)

j7: For how many days in the past month

has someone in this household fished?


- > Fishing > j8_begin

j8 (required)

j8: How many/much fish would you say are

caught in an average day of fishing? Help them estimate. Don't know is 999



1 Number of fish 2 Number of kilos

j8b

j8b: Units for fish 1 Number of fish 2 Number of kilos

j10_1

j10_1: Do you sell the fish? 1 Yes 0 No

j10_2

j10_2: Can you please estimate the amount

of income your household made from

selling fish in the past month?



Record in Kwacha and put 999 for don’t know

Question relevant when: ${j10_1} =1

j11 (required)

j11: In the past week how many times (#

meals) was fish eaten in this household?


j17 (required)

j17: In the past 12 months, has this

household experienced any loss or severe

reduction of arable land due to erosion?


1 Yes 0 No

j18 (required)

j18: Have you seen any demonstrations in

the past year related to planting or

preserving trees?


1 Yes 0 No

j19 (required)

j19: Has anyone in this household planted

trees in the past 2 years?


1 Yes 0 No

j20 (required)

j20: What kinds of trees were planted?


1 Fruit/nut/agriculture trees 2 Other trees -99 Don't know other Other

j20_other

Specify other.

Question relevant when: selected(${j20},

'other')

j21 (required)

j21: Have you ever heard of climate

change? Like long-term changes in weather patterns like timing of rains or average temperatures


1 Yes 0 No

j22 (required)

j22: What kinds of things do you think you

can do to prepare for and respond to

changes in weather like floods or drought?


1 Planting trees 2 Use less trees/wood 3 Use improved cookstove 4 Use community woodlot 5 Better forest management 6 Conserve water -77 Other -99 Don't know what to do other Other

j22_other

Specify other.



Question relevant when: selected(${j22},

'other') k1

K. Health

- > Closest clinic

k02 (required)

k02: How long does it take for you to get to

the closest clinic? This should be amout of time, not distance


k03

K03: What are the units for closest clinic

1 minutes 2 Hours

-

99 Don't know

k04 (required)

k04: When a child in your household needs

medical care, what do you typically do


1 Go to the hospital or health center 2 Go to a clinic 3 Take care of him/her at home 4 Go to a traditional village healer 5 Other, please specify -99 Don’t know -88 Refuse to respond -77 N/A (No Children) other Other

k04_other

Specify other.

Question relevant when: selected(${k04},

'other')

k06 (required)

k06: Why do you not go to a clinic or

hospital when a child is sick?


1 Can’t afford the clinic fees 2 Can’t afford the transportation 3 It is too far 4 It is difficult to get there

5 Traditional healing/at home care is just as good

going to a clinic/hospital 6 Religious beliefs

-

77 Other

-

99 Don’t know

-

88 Refuse to respond



k08 (required)

k08: What is the name of the clinic/hospital

you use most often when it is needed?


Chadza Unit 33 Chadza Unit 33

Chikowa

Health Centre Chikowa Health Centre

Chileka Health

Centre Chileka Health Centre

Chimbalanga

Heath Centre Chimbalanga Heath Centre

Chitedze

Health Centre Chitedze Health Centre

Chiunjiza

Health Centre Chiunjiza Health Centre

Dickson Health

Centre Dickson Health Centre

Kabudula

Health Centre Kabudula Health Centre

Kan'goma

Health Centre Kan'goma Health Centre

Khongoni

Health Centre Khongoni Health Centre

Matapila Heath

Centre Matapila Heath Centre

Mbang'ombe

Health Centre Mbang'ombe Health Centre

Mbwatalika

Health Centre Mbwatalika Health Centre

Mitundu Health

Centre Mitundu Health Centre

Mlale Health

Centre Mlale Health Centre

Mtenthera

Health Centre Mtenthera Health Centre

Nathenje

Health Centre Nathenje Health Centre

Ngoni Health

Centre Ngoni Health Centre

Nkhoma

Hospital Nkhoma Hospital



Nsaru health

Centre Nsaru health Centre

Nthondo

Health Centre Nthondo Health Centre

Ukwe Health

Centre Ukwe Health Centre

-77 Other

Kalembo

Dispensary Kalembo Dispensary

Kankao Health

Centre Kankao Health Centre

Kapile Health

Centre Kapile Health Centre

Mbera Health

Centre Mbera Health Centre

Phalula Health

Facility Phalula Health Facility

Phimbi Health

Centre Phimbi Health Centre

Ulongwe

Health Centre Ulongwe Health Centre

Utale I Health

Centre Utale I Health Centre

Utale II Health

Centre Utale II Health Centre

Chikweo Halth

Centre Chikweo Halth Centre

Machinga

District

Hospital

Machinga District Hospital

Namanja

Health Centre Namanja Health Centre

Ngokwe Health

Centre Ngokwe Health Centre

Nsanama

Health Centre Nsanama Health Centre

Ntaja Health

Centre Ntaja Health Centre



Nyambi Health

Centre Nyambi Health Centre

Chilipa Health

Centre Chilipa Health Centre

Chilonga

Dispensary Chilonga Dispensary

Jalasi Health

Centre Jalasi Health Centre

Katuli/Kasekela

Health Centre Katuli/Kasekela Health Centre

Luwalika

Health Centre Luwalika Health Centre

Mkumba

Health Centre Mkumba Health Centre

Mtimabi Health

Centre Mtimabi Health Centre

Nagallamu

Health Centre Nagallamu Health Centre

Namwera

Health Centre Namwera Health Centre

Nankumba

Health Centre Nankumba Health Centre

Phirilongwe

Health Centre Phirilongwe Health Centre

Atupele

Community

Hospital

Atupele Community Hospital

Chilumba Rural

Hospital Chilumba Rural Hospital

Fulirwa Health

Centre Fulirwa Health Centre

Hara

Dispensary Hara Dispensary

Iponga Health

Centre Iponga Health Centre

Kaporo Rural

Hospital Kaporo Rural Hospital



Karonga

District

Hospital

Karonga District Hospital

Kasoba Health

Centre Kasoba Health Centre

Lupembe

Health Centre Lupembe Health Centre

Mlare Health

Centre Mlare Health Centre

Mpata Health

Centre Mpata Health Centre

Ngana Health

Centre Ngana Health Centre

Nyungwe

Health Centre Nyungwe Health Centre

St Annies

Health Centre St Annies Health Centre

Sangilo Health

Centre Sangilo Health Centre

Alinafe

Rehabilitation

Centre

Alinafe Rehabilitation Centre

Benga Health

Centre Benga Health Centre

Bua

Dispensary Bua Dispensary

Chididi Health

Centre Chididi Health Centre

Dwamadzi

Rural Hospital Dwamadzi Rural Hospital

Kaongozi

Dispensary Kaongozi Dispensary

Kapiri Health

Centre Kapiri Health Centre

Kasitu Health

Centre Kasitu Health Centre

Lwaladzi

Health Centre Lwaladzi Health Centre



Malowa

Dispensary Malowa Dispensary

Matiki Health

Centre Matiki Health Centre

Mlosa Health

Centre Mlosa Health Centre

Mpamantha

Dispensary Mpamantha Dispensary

Msenjere

Health Centre Msenjere Health Centre

Ngala Health

Centre Ngala Health Centre

Nkhotakota

District

Hospital

Nkhotakota District Hospital

Chingale

Health Centre Chingale Health Centre

Lambulira

Health Centre Lambulira Health Centre

Likangala

Health Centre Likangala Health Centre

Mayaka Health

Centre Mayaka Health Centre

Mmambo

Health Centre Mmambo Health Centre

Ngwelelo

Health Centre Ngwelelo Health Centre

Kalemba

Health Centre Kalemba Health Centre

Lulwe Health

Centre Lulwe Health Centre

Makhanga

Health Centre Makhanga Health Centre

Masenjele

Health Centre Masenjele Health Centre

Mbenje Health

Centre Mbenje Health Centre



Ndamera

Health Centre Ndamera Health Centre

Nsanje District

Hospital Nsanje District Hospital

Nyamithuthu

Health Centre Nyamithuthu Health Centre

Phokera Health

Centre Phokera Health Centre

Sankhulani

Health Centre Sankhulani Health Centre

Sorgin Health

Centre Sorgin Health Centre

Tengani Health

Centre/Nsanje

District

Hospital

Tengani Health Centre/Nsanje Dis

Trinity Hospital Trinity Hospital

k10 (required)

k10: What is your most common source of

advice about or treatment for illnesses?


1 GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL 2 GOVERNMENT HEALTH CENTER 3 GOVERNMENT HEALTH POST/OUTREACH 4 HOSPITAL (don't know if government or private 5 HEALTH CENTER (don't know if government or 6 MOBILE CLINIC 7 HSA 8 CBDA/DOOR TO DOOR / Community Health W 9 CHAM 10 PRIVATE HOSPITAL/CLINIC/ PRIVATE DOCT 11 PHARMACY 12 BLM 13 MACRO 14 YOUTH DROP IN CENTRE 15 SHOP 16 CHURCH 17 FRIEND/RELATIVE 18 WOMEN'S GROUP 19 CARE GROUP



-

77 OTHER

-

88 REFUSED

-

99 N/A

k12 (required)

k12: Have you heard of any ways or

methods that women or men can use to

avoid pregnancy?


1 Yes 0 No

-


k14 (required)

k14: Are you currently doing something or

using any method to delay or avoid getting

pregnant or getting a woman pregnant? Ask if between 15-50 years old


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


-

66 N/A (Respondent over 50 years of age)

k16 (required)

k16: Which methods are you using?


1 FEMALE STERILIZATION 2 MALE STERILIZATION 3 PILL 4 Loop / IUD (Intra-Uterine Device) 5 INJECTABLES 6 IMPLANTS / NORPLANTS 7 MALE CONDOM 8 FEMALE CONDOM 9 PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 10 WITHDRAWAL -99 Don't know -88 Refused to answer other Other

k16_other

Specify other.

Question relevant when: selected(${k16},

'other')

k18 (required)

k18: Where did you obtain (CURRENT

METHOD) the last time?


1 GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL 2 GOVERNMENT HEALTH CENTER 3 GOVERNMENT HEALTH POST/OUTREACH



4 HOSPITAL (don't know if government or private 5 HEALTH CENTER (don't know if government or 6 MOBILE CLINIC 7 HSA 8 CBDA/DOOR TO DOOR / Community Health W 9 CHAM 10 PRIVATE HOSPITAL/CLINIC/ PRIVATE DOCT 11 PHARMACY 12 BLM 13 MACRO 14 YOUTH DROP IN CENTRE 15 SHOP 16 CHURCH 17 FRIEND/RELATIVE 18 WOMEN'S GROUP 19 CARE GROUP

-

77 OTHER

-

88 REFUSED

-

99 N/A

k20 (required)

k20: I don't want to know the results, but

have you received HIV counseling, testing

and results within the last 12 months?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


k22 (required)

k22: INTERVIEWER: If respondent is part

of a couple (whether married or not), ASK:

Did your spouse also receive HIV

counseling, testing and results around the

same time? Ask only if respondent is part of a couple


1 Yes 0 No

-

66 N/A (no spouse)

-

99 Don’t Know

-


k24 (required)

k24: Where did you receive these services? 1 GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL



Question relevant when: true () 2 GOVERNMENT HEALTH CENTER 3 GOVERNMENT HEALTH POST/OUTREACH 4 HOSPITAL (don't know if government or private 5 HEALTH CENTER (don't know if government or 6 MOBILE CLINIC 7 HSA 8 CBDA/DOOR TO DOOR / Community Health W 9 CHAM 10 PRIVATE HOSPITAL/CLINIC/ PRIVATE DOCT 11 PHARMACY 12 BLM 13 MACRO 14 YOUTH DROP IN CENTRE 15 SHOP 16 CHURCH 17 FRIEND/RELATIVE 18 WOMEN'S GROUP 19 CARE GROUP

-

77 OTHER

-

88 REFUSED

-

99 N/A

k25

k25: INTERVIEWER: Was there a child

under 6 months old reported in the roster?

1 Yes 0 No

- > Feeding under 6 months

Group relevant when: ${k25} =1

k25_1

k25_1 What is the main type of liquid or

food that you feed to this child?

1 Breast milk 2 Commercially produced infant formula

3 Mentioned anything other than breast milk or co

formula (e.g. water, other liquids, semi-solid, or

-

99 Don't know

k25_2

k25_2 Are there any other types of food or

liquid that you use sometimes to feed to this

1 Breast milk 2 Commercially produced infant formula



child? If so, what else do you feed to the

child? 3

Mentioned anything other than breast milk or co

formula (e.g. water, other liquids, semi-solid, or

-

99 Don't know

k26_num

k26: INTERVIEWER: Is there a child

between ages of 6 and 23 months in this

household?

1 Yes 0 No

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months

Group relevant when: ${k26_num} =1

k26_name

Please remind me the name of a child (or

the next child) between the ages of 6 and

23 months

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Liquid and food yesterday

notek_1

Now I would like to ask you about liquids or

foods [k26_name] had yesterday during the

day or at night. (age 6-23 months) (AUTONAME FROM ROSTER YOUNGEST CHILD AGED 6-23 MONTHS)

k26a (required)

k26a: Plain water


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k26b (required)

k26b: Breast milk


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k26ba (required)

k26ba: How many times did [k26_name]

drink breast milk? IF 7 OR MORE TIMES, RECORD '7'. .Write "-99" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


k26c (required)

k26c: Commercially produced infant

formula?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k26ca (required)

k26ca: How many times did [k26_name]

drink infant formula? IF 7 OR MORE TIMES, RECORD '7'. .Write "-99" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.




k26d (required)

k26d: Milk such as tinned, powdered, or

fresh animal milk?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k26da (required)

k26da: How many times did [k26_name]

drink milk? IF 7 OR MORE TIMES, RECORD '7'. .Write "-99" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


k26e (required)

k26e: Yogurt


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k26ea (required)

k26ea: How many times did [k26_name]

drink/eat yogurt? IF 7 OR MORE TIMES, RECORD '7'. .Write "-99" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Liquid and food yesterday > Yesterday during the day or night, did anyone eat aged 6-23 months eat or

k26f (required)

k26f: Juice or juice drinks?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k26g (required)

k26g: Tea or coffee?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k26h (required)

k26h: Soft drink?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k26i (required)

k26i: Soup or broth?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Liquid and food yesterday > Yesterday during the day or night, did anyone eat aged 6-23 months eat or

k26j (required)

k26j: Any Cerelac (Likuni Phala, Nestum,

Purity, Sibusiso)?

1 Yes 0 No




99 Don’t know

k26k (required)

k26k: Any thin porridge?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k26l (required)

k26l: Thobwa (fermented porridge)?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Liquid and food yesterday > Did anyone eat aged 6-23 months eat or drink….

k26m (required)

k26m: ORS (oral rehydration solution)?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k26n (required)

k26n: Vitamin or mineral supplements?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k26o (required)

k26o: Any other liquids?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

notek_2

Now I would like to ask you about solid or

semi-solid (mushy) foods that [k26_name]

may have had yesterday during the day or

at night. I am interested in whether your

child had the item even if it was combined

with other foods.

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Solid and semi-solid (mushy) foods

k28_note1

Now I would like to ask you about solid and

semi-solid (mushy) foods that [k26_name]

may have had yesterday during the day or

at night. I am interested in whether your

child had the item even if it was combined

with other foods.



k28a (required)

k28a: Bread, scone, maize meal (ngaiwa),

maize flour (ufawoyera), millet, rice,

sorghum, or any other food made from

grains?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k28b (required)

k28b: Pumpkin, carrots, squash or yams or

sweet potatoes that are yellow or orange

inside?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k28c (required)

k28c: Cocoyams, irish potatoes, white

sweet potatoes, white yams, cassava, or

other local roots or tubers?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k28d (required)

k28d: Any dark green, leafy vegetables

such as amaranth, bonongwe, pumpkin

leaves, chinese cabbage, greens, kale,

cassava leaves, beans, cow peas or sweet

potato leaves that are fresh?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k28e (required)

k28e: Dried pumpkin leaves, beans leaves,

cow peas or sweet-potato leaves


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Now I would like to ask you about solid or semi-solid (mushy) foods that [k26_name] may have had yester

day or at night. I am interested in whether your child had the item even if it was combined with other foods.

k28f (required)

k28f: Ripe mangoes, papayas, guava?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k28g (required)

k28g: Any other fruits or vegetables (for

example, bananas, apples, green beans,

avocados, tomatoes, okra)?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k28h (required)

k28h: Liver, kidney, heart or other organ

meats?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know





k28i (required)

k28i: Any meat, such as beef, pork, lamb,

goat, chicken, duck, rabbit or rodents (such

as mice, moles, etc.)?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k28j (required)

k28j: Grubs, snails or insects?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k28k (required)

k28k: Eggs?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k28l (required)

k28l: Fresh or dried fish, nkhanu, crabs or

other seafood?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know



k28m (required)

k28m: Any foods made from beans,

soybeans, nuts, lentils, pigeon peas, cow

peas or ground nut powder (nsinjiro)?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k28n (required)

k28n: Cheese or other products made from

milk?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

- > Nutrition for 6-23 months > Other foods that [k26_name] may have had yesterday

k280 (required)

k280: Any oil, fats, or butter, or foods made

with any of these?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k28p (required)

k28p: Any sugary foods such as chocolates,

sweets, candies, sugar cane, honey,

pastries, cakes, or biscuits?


1 Yes 0 No



-

99 Don’t know

k28q (required)

k28q: Any other solid or semi-solid food?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

k30 (required)

k30: How many times did [k26_name] eat

solid, semi-solid, or soft foods yesterday

during the day or at night?


- > notek_3

notek_32

Yesterday during the day or at night, did

[MAIN WOMAN] eat any of the following

foods: Consider MAIN WOMAN

k32a (required)

k32a: Groundnuts? This includes anything made from this


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

-


k32b (required)

k32b: Soya? This includes anything made from this


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

-


l

L. Household Decision Making

- > l02: When decisions are made about the following topics, who is it that normally takes the decision:

l02a (required)

l02a: Getting inputs for agricultural

production select all that apply


1 Main male or husband 2 Main female or wife 3 Another male in the household 4 Another female in the household 5 Someone outside the household/other

-

66 N/A. Activity not applicable



l02b (required)

l02b: The types of crops to grow for

agricultural production



-


l02c (required)

l02c: When or who would take crops to the

market (or not)



-


l02h (required)

l02h: Whether or not to use family planning

to space or limit births?



-


l02i (required)

l02i: Whether or how to participate in

community decision making or activities



-


l02j (required)

l02j: Taking loans



-


l02k (required)

l02k: Whether or how to participate in

groups or committees 1 Main male or husband



Question relevant when: true () 2 Main female or wife 3 Another male in the household 4 Another female in the household 5 Someone outside the household/other

-


l02l (required)

l02l: Decisions about schooling of a boy

child



-


l02m (required)

l02m: Decisions about schooling of a girl

child



-


l02n (required)

l02n: Deciding whether to take a boy child

to a health center or hospital



-


l02o (required)

l02o: Deciding whether to take a girl child to

a health center or hospital



-


l02p (required)

l02p: Deciding whether to go to health

center or hospital for personal illness


1 Main male or husband 2 Main female or wife



3 Another male in the household 4 Another female in the household 5 Someone outside the household/other

-


I05

INTERVIEWER: Is there a main woman in

the house to answer the following

questions?

0 No main woman exisit in the household 1 Yes, there is a main woman and is available for i

2 Yes, there is a main woman but she is not availa

interview

- > I05_mainwoman2

Group relevant when: ${I05} >0

note_k5

Now I would like to know about the

agriculture activities of the MAIN WOMAN

in the household only

l06 (required)

l06: Did this household participate in [Food

crop farming: crops that are grown primarily

for household food consumption] in the past

12 months (that is during the last cropping

seasons)?


1 Yes 0 No



l06a (required)

l06a: How much input did [main woman]

have in making decisions about [Food crop

farming] in the past 12 months (that is

during the last cropping season)?


1 No input 2 Input into very few decisions 3 Input into some decisions 4 Input into most decisions 5 Input into all decisions

-

66 N/A: Activity not applicable or No decision made

l06b (required)

l06b: How much input did [main woman]

have in decisions on the use of income

generated from [Food crop farming]?



-




l08 (required)

l08: Did [main woman] participate in

[livestock raising] in the past 12 months

(that is during the last cropping season)?


1 Yes 0 No

l08a (required)


have in making decisions about [livestock

raising] in the past 12 months (that is during

the last cropping season)?



-


l08b (required)



generated from [livestock raising]?



-


l10 (required)

l10: Did [main woman] participate in [Non-

farm economic activities: Small business,

self-employment, buy-and-sell] in the past

12 months (that is during the last cropping

season)?


1 Yes 0 No



l10a (required)


have in making decisions about [Non-farm

economic activities] in the past 12 months




-


l10b (required)



generated from [Non-farm economic

activities]?


1 No input 2 Input into very few decisions 3 Input into some decisions 4 Input into most decisions



5 Input into all decisions

-


l12 (required)

l12: Did [main woman] participate in [Wage

and salary employment: in-kind or monetary

work both agriculture and other wage work]

in the past 12 months (that is during the last

cropping season)?


1 Yes 0 No



l12a (required)


have in making decisions about [Wage and

salary employment] in the past 12 months




-


l12b (required)



generated from [Wage and salary

employment]?



-


l14 (required)

l14: Did [main woman] participate in

[Fishing or fishpond culture] in the past 12

months (that is during the last cropping

season)?


1 Yes 0 No



l14a (required)


have in making decisions about [Fishing or

fishpond culture] in the past 12 months (that

is during the last cropping season)?





-


l14b (required)



generated from [Fishing or fishpond

culture]?



-


mnote

M. Participation and Governance

m00 (required)

m00: ENUMERATOR: Please indicate who

is responsing to this section


1 Same respondent listed at beginning of survey 2 Different respondent: main male in household 3 Different respondent: other male 4 Different respondent: other female 5 Different respondent: main female in household

m02 (required)

m02: Do you participate in any groups,

organizations, or associations?


1 Yes 0 No

m04 (required)

m04: Which types of groups, organizations,

or associations do you participate in?


1 Farmers/Fishermen's group 2 Village development committee (VDC) or AD 3 Village Savings and Loan; credit/finance grou 4 Traders' Assocation/business group 5 Care group 6 School/education related 7 Health/nutrition related 8 Environment related 9 Community works related (water, waste, road 10 Religious group 11 Professional Association 12 Neighborhood/village association -88 Refused other Other

m04_other

Specify other.

Question relevant when: selected(${m04},

'other')

m22 (required)

m22: Have you volunteered your time for an

activity in your community in the past 6 1 Yes



months, such as serving on committees,

labor for public works, reading, education,

health activities, or any other thing? such as for health, hiv/aids, education help, construction of public works, serving on committees


0 No

m34 (required)

m34: Are you aware of whether there is a

Village Development Committee (VDC) for

this community?


1 Yes 0 No

m36 (required)

m36: Do you know what a Village

Development Committee does?


1 Yes 0 No

m38

m38: What is their role?

Question relevant when: ${m36} =1

1 Consult communityabout development projec

local area 2 Represent local interests at district planning m 3 Identify beneficiaires for PWPs (works partici

4 Identification of beneficiaires for agriculture in

coupons -99 Don't really know other Other

m38_other

Specify other.


'other')

m40 (required)

m40: Have you ever participated in the

activities or attended meetings of a VDC or

Area development Committee (ADC)?


1 Yes 0 No

m42 (required)

m42: What about local government? I do

not mean the national government. I mean

your local or district government or district

councillor. Do you know what roles your

local government plays?


1 Yes 0 No

m44 (required)

m44: What types of things do you think your

local government is responsible for?


1 Consult communityabout development projec

local area 2 Represent local interests at district planning m 3 Identify beneficiaires for PWPs (works partici



4 Identification of beneficiaires for agriculture in

coupons -99 Don't really know other Other

m44_other

Specify other.


'other')

- > m46_begin


Satisfaction with government Read Responses

m46_note

How satisfied are you with how the District

Government is:


1 Very satisfied 2 Somewhat satisfied 3 Neutral 4 Somewhat dissatisfied 5 Very dissatisfied

-

99 Don't know

-


-

66 N/A

m46 (required)

m46: MAINTAINING LOCAL ROADS



-

99 Don't know

-


-

66 N/A

m48 (required)

m48: PROVIDING LOCAL POLICING


1 Very satisfied 2 Somewhat satisfied 3 Neutral



4 Somewhat dissatisfied 5 Very dissatisfied

-

99 Don't know

-


-

66 N/A

m50 (required)

m50: PROVIDING WATER AND

SANITATION SERVICES



-

99 Don't know

-


-

66 N/A

m52 (required)

m52: MAINTAINING of LOCAL MARKET

PLACES



-

99 Don't know

-


-

66 N/A

m54_note

How satisfied are you with how the District

Government is:

m54 (required)

m54: CONSULTING CITIZENS LIKE

YOURSELF BEFORE MAKING

DECISIONS





-

99 Don't know

-


-

66 N/A

m56 (required)

m56: KEEPING CORRUPTION IN CHECK



-

99 Don't know

-


-

66 N/A

m58 (required)

m58: MANAGING THE USE OF LAND



-

99 Don't know

-


-

66 N/A

m64 (required)

m64: Within the past 12 months, did anyone

in your household utilize nutrition

assistance from the government?


1 Yes 0 No

m64d (required)

m64d: How satisfied were you with the

quality of service provided?


1 Very satisfied 2 Satisfied 3 Not satisfied 4 Very dissatisfied



-

88 Refused

m66 (required)


in your household utilize training related to

agriculture from the government?


1 Yes 0 No

m66d (required)





-

88 Refused

m62 (required)


in your household utilize a public school?


1 Yes 0 No

m62d (required)





-

88 Refused

- > m68a_begin


notedkljs

How often have you encountered any of

these problems with your local public

schools during the past 12 months?


0 Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often

-

88 Refused

m68a (required)

m68a: Services are too expensive/unable to

pay





-

88 Refused

m68b (required)

m68b: Lack of textbooks or other supplies



-

88 Refused

m68c (required)

m86c: Poor teaching



-

88 Refused

- > m68d_begin


note_mb68d

How often have you encountered any of

these problems with your local public

schools during the past 12 months?



-

88 Refused

m68d (required)

m68d: Absent teachers



-

88 Refused

m68e (required)

m68e: Overcrowded classrooms



-

88 Refused



m68f (required)

m68f: Poor conditions of facilities



-

88 Refused

m60 (required)


in your household utilize a public clinic or

hospital?


1 Yes 0 No

m60d (required)





-

88 Refused

- > m70a_begin


noted705

noted705: How often have you encountered

any of these problems with your local public

clinic or hospital during the past 12 months?

m70a (required)

m70a: Services are too expensive/unable to

pay



-

88 Refused

m70b (required)

m70b: Lack of medicine or other supplies



-

88 Refused

m70c (required)

m70c: Lack of attention or respect from staff





-

88 Refused

- > m70d_begin


m70d_note

noted705: How often have you encountered

any of these problems with your local public

clinic or hospital during the past 12 months?



-

88 Refused

m70d (required)

m70d: Absent doctors



-

88 Refused

m70e (required)

m70e: Long waiting time



-

88 Refused

m70f (required)

m70f: Dirty facilities



-

88 Refused

- > m72_begin


m72 (required)

m72: How long did you wait at your last visit

to the health center or hospital?


m72_units

Units 1 minutes



2 Hours

-

99 Don't know

m76 (required)

m76: Do you or anyone in this household

receive food for children from a

government-run school feeding program?


1 Yes 0 No

m78 (required)

m78: Have you ever registered to vote?


1 Yes 0 No

m80_2 (required)

m80_2: Before the election of 2014, were

you aware of any things that your local

Councilor promised this community he/she

would do if elected?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


m80_3 (required)

n80_3: Do you believe the Councilor is

working to honor those promises?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t Know

-


m88 (required)

m88: Does your district government, VDC,

or town council ever hold public meetings to

establish development priorities?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

m90 (required)

m90: Have you ever attended such a

meeting?


1 Yes 0 No

- > Community involvement

m92 (required)

m92: How much influence do you think the

people in this village/town

community/neighborhood can have over

decisions the local government makes

about development projects, such as school

buildings, health clinics, irrigation ditches, or

roads?


1 A lot 2 Some 3 A little 4 None

-

99 Don't Know

-




m94 (required)

m94: When you think of development

projects in your district (such as schools,

health clinics, electrification, and markets),

how much do you think the needs of the

community influence where those

development projects are located?


1 A lot 2 Some 3 A little 4 None

-

99 Don't Know

-


m110 (required)

m110: Do you have confidence in your local

government's ability to manage finances?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

m118 (required)

m118: Have you ever used a mobile phone

to access information about public services

provided by the government? PROBE: Such as commodity prices, health statistics, school information


1 Yes 0 No

m120 (required)

m120: Have you ever used a mobile phone

to report information about public services

provided by the government? PROBE: Such as corruption, teacher absence, drug shortage


1 Yes 0 No

h

H. Farming Now I would like to ask you about farming last growing season

h1_filter

Does this household practice farming of any

kind either to sell or for personal

consumption?

1 Yes 0 No

- > h1_filterx

Group relevant when: ${h1_filter} =1

h1 (required)

h1: During the 2017-2018 growing season,

did anyone in your household grow any

soybeans, groundnuts, orange fresh sweet

potatoes, or tree crops either to sell or for

personal consumption?


1 Yes 0 No

- > h1_filterx > farming




- > h1_filterx > farming > h4_starting



1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h4_soya

Did you grow Soyabeans last season?

1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h4_grcham

Groundnuts?

1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h4_sweetpot

Orange fresh sweet potatoes?

1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

- > h1_filterx > farming > Production of Soyabeans


h3a (required)

h3: On how much land did you grow

Soyabeans last season? Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h3_unhta (required)

h3b: Units RECORD IN UNIT


HECTARES HECTARES ACRES ACRES SQMETERS SQMETERS

FOOTBALL

PITCHES FOOTBALL PITCHES


Group relevant when: ${h4_soya} =1 and ${h3a} >200000.0

h3a_prompt (required)

h3_prompt: Are you sure you grew

Soyabeans on [h3a][h3_unhta] of land? INTERVIWER: If the Answer is NO, Please go back to H3a and Reconcile with respondent the correct amount of land


1 Yes 0 No





h3a_ver (required)

h3_ver: Is [h3a][h3_unhta], more, less or

about the same land than you used for this

crop last time we were here



-




h_soytype (required)

h_soytype: What type of soyabean seeds

did you use?


1 Serenade 2 Tikolore 3 Makwacha -99 Don't know other Other

h_soytype_other

Specify other.


selected(${h_soytype}, 'other')

- > h1_filterx > farming > Production of Soyabeans


h4aa (required)

h4aa: How many kilograms of this

Soyabeans did your household produce

(yield) last season? Please include the total

amount all harvests of this crop. Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h6aa (required)

h6a: How many kilograms of Soyabeans did

you keep for your household's own

consumption? Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h4ba (required)

h4ba: How many kilograms of

thisSoyabeans did your household sell last

season? Please include the total amount all

harvests of this crop. Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


- > h1_filterx > farming > Sales of Soyabeans

Group relevant when: ${h4ba} >0



h5a (required)

h5: How much did you receive in total for all

of Soyabeans sold last season? RECORD IN MK . Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h6ba (required)

h6b: How long did it take you to sell the

Soyabeans harvest? (Days)


- > h1_filterx > farming > Crop Methods for Soyabeans


h7aa (required)

7a: Did you use Fertilizer on this

Soyabeans crop?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7a8a (required)

7a8c: How much did you spend on

[Fertilizer] for this Soyabeans? Please do

not include the cost of fertilizer still in stock

or paid for but not yet used. Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7a9a (required)

7a9c: How much [Fertilizer] did you "use"

on this Soyabeans (record in KG) Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7ba (required)

7ba: Did you use Manure on this

Soyabeans?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7b8a (required)

7b8a: How much did you spend on

[Manure] for this Soyabeans? Please do not

include the cost of manure still in stock or

paid for but not yet used. RECORD IN MK .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7b9a (required)

7b9a: How much [Manure] did you "use" on

this Soyabeans (record in KG) RECORD IN KGs


h7ca (required)

h7cc: Did you use Seeds/seedings on this

Soyabeans? 1 Yes



Question relevant when: true () 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7c8a (required)

h7c8c: How much did you spend on

[Seeds/seedings] for this Soyabeans?

Please do not include the cost of seeds still

in stock or paid for but not yet used. (record

in MK) Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


- > h1_filterx > farming > Crop Methods for Soyabeans > beginh7a

h7c9a (required)

h7c9c: How much [Seeds/seedings] did you

"use" on thisSoyabeans RECORD IN KGs or SEEDINGS


h7c9a2 (required)

Record unit of seedlings


1 KG 2 Seedlings

-

99 don't know

h7da (required)

h7da: Did you use Non-household paid

labor for planting, weeding, harvesting,

cleaning on this Soyabeans


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7d8a (required)

h7d8a: How much did you spend on [Non-

household paid labor for planting, weeding,

harvesting, cleaning] for this Soyabeans? RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7d9a (required)

h7d9a: How much [Non-household paid


cleaning] did you "use" on this Soyabeans? RECORD IN HOURS..Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7ea (required)

h7ea: Did you use Equipment rentals on

thisSoyabeans?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know



h7e8a (required)

h7e8a: How much did you spend on

[Equipment rentals] for this Soyabeans? RECORD IN MK


- > h1_filterx > farming > Production of GROUNDNUTS


h3b (required)

h3b: On how much land did you grow this

last season? .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h3_unhtb (required)

h3_unhtb: Units RECORD IN UNIT



FOOTBALL



Group relevant when: ${h4_grcham} =1 and ${h3b} >200000.0

h3b_prompt (required)

h3b_prompt: Are you sure you grew

groundnuts on [h3b][h3_unhtb] of land? INTERVIWER: If the Answer is NO, Please go back to H3b and Reconcile with respondent the correct amount of land


1 Yes 0 No



h3b_ver (required)

h3b_ver: Is [h3b][h3_unhtb], more, less or





-




h_gntype (required)

h_gntype: What type of groundnut seeds

did you use?


1 CG7 2 Chalimbana 3 Chalimbana 2000 -99 Don't know other Other



h_gntype_other

Specify other.


selected(${h_gntype}, 'other')

h4ab (required)

h4ab: How many kilograms of this crop did

your household produce (yield) last


harvests of this crop. .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h6ab (required)

h6ab: How many kilograms of this did you

keep for your household's own

consumption? .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h4bb (required)

h4bb: How many kilograms of this crop did

your household sell last season? Please

include the total amount all harvests of this

crop. .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h5b (required)

h5b: How much did you receive in total for

all of this sold last season? .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h6bb (required)

h6bb: How long did it take you to sell the

harvest? (Days)


- > h1_filterx > farming > Crop Methods for GROUNDNUTS


h7ab (required)

h7ab: Did you use Fertilizer on this crop?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7a8b (required)

h7a8c: How much did you spend on

[Fertilizer] for this crop? Please do not

include the cost of fertilizer still in stock or

paid for but not yet used. RECORD IN MK




h7a9b (required)

h7a9c: How much [Fertilizer] did you "use"

on this crop RECORD IN KGs


h7bb (required)

h7bb: Did you use Manure on this crop?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7b8b (required)

h7b8b: How much did you spend on

[Manure] for this crop? Please do not


paid for but not yet used. RECORD IN MK .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7b9b (required)

h7b9b: How much [Manure] did you "use"

on this crop RECORD IN KGs


h7cb (required)

h7cb: Did you use Seeds/seedings on this

crop?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7c8b (required)


[Seeds/seedings] for this crop? Please do

not include the cost of seeds still in stock or

paid for but not yet used. RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


- > h1_filterx > farming > Crop Methods for GROUNDNUTS > begin_h7b

h7c9b (required)

h7c9b: How much [Seeds/seedings] did you

"use" on this crop RECORD IN KGs or SEEDINGS.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7c9b2 (required)



1 KG 2 Seedlings

-

99 don't know



h7db (required)



cleaning on this crop


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7d8b (required)



harvesting, cleaning] for this crop? RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7d9b (required)



cleaning] did you "use" on this crop? RECORD IN HOURS.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7eb (required)


this crop?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7e8b (required)


[Equipment rentals] for this crop? RECORD IN MK.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


- > h1_filterx > farming > Production of ORANGE FLESHED SWEET POTATOES


h3f (required)

h3: On how much land did you grow this

last season? .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h3_unhtf (required)

h3b: Units RECORD IN UNIT



FOOTBALL



Group relevant when: ${h4_sweetpot} =1 and ${h3b} >200000.0



h3f_prompt (required)

h3f_prompt: Are you sure you grew

groundnuts on [h3f][h3_unhtf] of land? INTERVIWER: If the Answer is NO, Please go back to H3f and Reconcile with respondent the correct amount of land


1 Yes 0 No



h3f_ver (required)

h3f_ver: Is [h3f][h3_unhtf], more, less or





-




h4af (required)

h4a: How many kilograms of this crop did

your household produce (yield) last


harvests of this crop. .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h4bf (required)

h4b: How many kilograms of this crop did

your household sell last season? Please

include the total amount all harvests of this

crop. .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h5f (required)

h5: How much did you receive in total for all

of this sold last season? .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h6af (required)

h6a: How many kilograms of this did you

keep for your household's own

consumption? .Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.




h6bf (required)

h6b: How long did it take you to sell the

harvest? (Days)


- > h1_filterx > farming > Crop Methods for ORANGE FRESH SWEET POTATOES


h7af (required)

7a: Did you use Fertilizer on this crop?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7a8f (required)

7a8c: How much did you spend on

[Fertilizer] for this crop? Please do not

include the cost of fertilizer still in stock or



h7a9f (required)

7a9c: How much [Fertilizer] did you "use"

on this crop RECORD IN KGs.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7bf (required)

7ba: Did you use Manure on this crop?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7b8f (required)

7b8a: How much did you spend on

[Manure] for this crop? Please do not




h7b9f (required)

7b9a: How much [Manure] did you "use" on

this crop RECORD IN KGs.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7cf (required)

h7cc: Did you use Seeds/seedings on this

crop?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know



h7c8f (required)


[Seeds/seedings] for this crop? Please do

not include the cost of seeds still in stock or



- > h1_filterx > farming > Crop Methods for ORANGE FRESH SWEET POTATOES > h7f

h7c9f (required)

h7c9c: How much [Seeds/seedings] did you

"use" on this crop RECORD IN KGs or SEEDINGS.Write "-77" if Don't Know or Refused to answer.


h7c9b2 (required)



1 KG 2 Seedlings

-

99 don't know

h7df (required)



cleaning on this crop


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7d8f (required)



harvesting, cleaning] for this crop? RECORD IN MK


h7d9f (required)



cleaning] did you "use" on this crop? RECORD IN HOURS


h7ef (required)


this crop?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h7e8f (required)


[Equipment rentals] for this crop? RECORD IN MK




h27 (required)

h27: Has anyone in your household

participated in any Farmers' Clubs/Groups?


1 Yes 0 No

h28 (required)

h28: Which household members have

participated?


1 Main female or wife 2 Main male or husband 3 Other male in household 4 Other female in household

n04 (required)

n04: Have you used a mobile phone in the

past 12 months for business (such as to

check crop prices)?


1 Yes 0 No

h30 (required)

h30: Where/how did you sell your last

harvest?


1 trader comes to door 2 go to market 3 through warehouse 4 through ACE (internet-based commodity exchan

-

77 other

-

99 don't know

-

66 N/A

h30a (required)

H30a: In the past 12 months, did you

discard any part of your crop during the

grading process due to contamination (such

as aflatoxin, mold, other)?


1 Yes 0 No

-

99 Don’t know

h30b (required)

H30b: Which crop was this?



h30b_other

Specify other.


selected(${h30b}, 'other')

h30c (required)

H30c: In the past 12 months, have you

experienced rejection at market or

warehouse for any part of a crop due to

1 Yes 0 No



known or suspected contamination (such as

aflatoxin, mold, other)?


-

99 Don’t know

h30d (required)

H30d. Which crop was this?



h30d_other

Specify other.


selected(${h30d}, 'other')

h31 (required)

h31: Have you changed your agricultural

practices in the past 12 months?


1 Yes 0 No

h32 (required)

h32: Which agricultural practices have you

adopted?


1 Using less water 2 Using organic fertilizer 3 Earthworm 4 Different type of crop 5 Mixed Cropping 6 Crop Rotation 7 Using Irrigation 8 Improved Seeds 9 Using non-organic fertilizer 10 Better Storage -77 other -99 Don't know other Other

h32_other

Specify other.

Question relevant when: selected(${h32},

'other')

h33 (required)

h33: Has the type of crops that your family

grows changed in recent years?


1 Yes 0 No

h34 (required)

h34: Why has the type of crops your family

grows changed?


1 A NGO offered us new seed/told us to change c 2 A certain type of seed became easier/cheaper t 3 We gained access to additional land 4 We gained access to a loan and were able to bu



5 We were trained on the importance of crop dive 6 We wanted to add a new crop to the farm 7 Rainfall patterns changed

-

99 Don’t know

o25

o25: INTERVIEWER: Was there a

secondary respondent who assisted with

any parts of the survey? Do not ask

1 Yes 0 No

- > a21_begin

Group relevant when: ${o25} =1

a20 (required)

a20 What is secondary respondent's family

name?


a21_begin (required)

a21 What is secondary respondent's given

name?


a22 (required)

a22 INTERVIEWER: What is the secondary

respondent's sex? (observe)


0 Male 1 Female

a23 (required)

a23 What is the secondary respondent's

role in this household?


1 Head of household 2 Spouse of head of household 3 Other adult in household

a24

a24 which sections did the person help

with?

A Background B Household members roster C Education D Well-being E Household features F Assets G Credit/loans H Farming I Food security J Environment K Health L Household decision-making M Participation and governance O GPS, Recontact, Notes



o

O. Recontact Information

o02 (required)

o02: Thank you for your time helping this

research. For quality assurance, may I

please know a phone number that could be

used to contact you in case there is need

for clarification in the next few weeks?


1 Yes 0 No

o04

o04: Best mobile number to use to reach

household Include 9 digits only with no zero in front and no dashes or spaces


o06

o06: Alternative mobile number in

household Include 9 digits only with no zero in front and no dashes or spaces


o22

o22: Location Notes: Please provide

descriptive location of household. (example:

near primary school, off main road, etc)


o24

o24: Interview Notes: (Please make notes

on responsiveness of household, difficulties

encountered during interview, etc.)


comments GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE

INTERVIEW Only Relevant comments are encouraged

o18 o18: GPS Reading. Wait until accuract is less than 10 meters if possible


Annex C. Focus Group Discussion Guide

Malawi CDCS Endline Evaluation 2018

BOOKING:

1. Ask for 5 males and 5 females, representing average, normal people in the community. 2. All participants must be living there at least 2 years

PREPARATION:

Draw a matrix that looks like this: Over the past TWO years (since 2016) have any of these become worse, remained the same or become better in your community?

Worse Same Better

Food Availability & Quality Kupezeka kwachakudya ndi koliteyake?

Health services availability and quality Kupezeka kwa chithandizo chazaumoyo ndi koliteyake?

Education

Local Government capacity Upangili wa boma (kwa a DC)

Environment

Poverty Uphawi

NOTE TAKER: At the top of your notes, write the district and village name and make a list with numbers assigned to each participant and indication of whether each is male or female. Do not record names. For example:

District: _________________

Village: _____________________

Length of interview: __________

Audio file number: __________


Participants:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

INFORMED CONSENT

Thank you very much for coming today. I am working with Invest in Knowledge and Social Impact. We are conducting a study to assess the impact of the USAID/Malawi Country Development Cooperation Strategy. USAID has been doing some programs in this area, and the results of this study may help inform them on whether their approach is worthwhile or if they need improvements. You have been invited to participate in this group discussion because you may be able to provide information about changes in this community in the past two years (since 2016).

Sikomo kwejinji ligongo lyakwisa lero, une ngukamula masengo ni wa Invest in knowledge ni wa Social Impact. tukutenda kaungunya pkusaka kulora mugakwendela msengo gachitukuko ga USAID/Malawi Country Development Strategies. Yakuichisya ya kaungunyaju ikomboleche kamuchisya kukwesya ma pologaramu gagachipelechedwa mMalawi muno kusogoloku.Awilanjidwe kuti ajigale nawo gawo pa yakukambilana ya palikugayi/guluyi ligongo mpaka akomboleche kupeleka utenga wakusana ni kusinda kwa indu mdela jawo jino mu chaka chipitechi.

If you agree to participate in this study, we would like to ask some general questions about changes you've noticed in this community in the past two years. We are seeking your honest opinions and observations from everyone in the group. This interview will take about 1 hour and 30 minutes.


Naga akwitika kujigala nawo mbali mukaungunyaju, tukusaka tuwusyeko mausyo gangapo gakusana ni kusinda kwakuweni mudela jawo jino muchaka chipitechi. tukuwenda nganisyo syawo syakulola ni yiwaiweni kutyochela kwa wane waliwose wa likuga alino. kungulukaku kujigale pafupifupi ola jimo ni manisi makumi gatatu (1 hour 30 munites)

Your participation is completely voluntary. You can choose not to participate now, or at any time between now and the end of the discussion you can leave. There is no penalty or problem if you choose not to participate. Should you feel uncomfortable with any question, you may refuse to answer it.

Kujigala nawo gawo kuli kwaulele. mpaka asagule kuti akajigala nawo mbali apano, kapena ndawi jine jili jose kutandila apano mpaka kumapeto kwayakambilanayi. pangali chilango kapena vuto jampakana jagwile ali awele kuti nganajikala nawo gawo, naga ngakugopoka ni liusyo line, mpaka akomboleche kukana kwanga liwusyo lyelelo.

There are no known risks of participating in this activity other than losing an hour and a half of productive time. Although we will not really talk about sensitive topics, in order to make you feel free to speak freely, I encourage everyone who chooses to participate to keep the conversation confidential out of respect for your neighbors here just in case. But know that when we analyze the information you share, your name or position in this community will never be referenced, so your answers will be anonymous to outsiders.

Pangali yakogoya ine iliyose yakwisa ligongo lyakwanga mausyoga kupatula kuti chajase ola jimo ndi mbindi makumi gatatu (1hour 30 munites) jakawele ali mkamula masengo gawo. amtamose kuti ngitukamba ya ngani syakupanikanya, nguwenda jwine juli jose juchajigale nawo mbali payakukambilanayi kuti asunje chinsisi pakusunga ulemu wajawo wituli nawo panopano. gamba kwa manyisya kuti pakuwanganya gichatume, lina ni udindo wawo wa mmusi muno ngisiikolanjidwa, mwantiyoyo yakwanga yawo ichwa ya chinsisi kwa wandu wakusa.

Ngisalipidwa kuti ajigale nawo mbali, nambosoni pangali phindu jwakwisa kupatula ichatusalire ikamuchisye USAID kwausya pasogolo masengo gakwe mMlalawi. tukupeleka yakumwayi mpela litala limo lyakutogolera pa ndawi jawo jawiche akuno

You will not be paid to participate, and there are no direct benefits to you other than knowing your information may help USAID improve its services in Malawi. We are providing these modest refreshments as a way to thank you for your time to come here.

Simudzalipidwa kuti mutenge nawo mbali, ndipo palibe maphindu obwera kwa inu kupatula zomwe mutiuze zomwe zithandize USAID kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zake Mmalawi. Tikupereka zakumwazi ngati njira yokuthokozani pa nthawi yanu yomwe mwabwerera kuno.


I also request your permission to record our conversation so that I can remember what was said.

Ndikupemphanso chilorezo chanu kuti tigwiritse ntchito choteperachi kuti ndikakhonze kukumbukira zomwe zinanenedwa.

If you have any questions or concerns now or in the future, you may contact James Mkandawire at 0999-412-756 [email protected].

Ngati mungakhale ndi mafunso kapena zina zofuna kudziwa, mukhonza kuyankhula ndi James Mkandawire pa 0999-412-756 [email protected].

In case you have any compliant with regards to your rights as a study participant you can contact the Social Impact Institutional Review Board: [email protected] +1-703-465-1884. Ngati mungakhale ndi madandaulo monga wotenga nawo gawo mu kafukufukuyu mukhoza kuyankhula ndi a Social Impact Institutional Review Board: +1-703-465-1884.

Or you can contact the Research in the Social Sciences and Humanities in Malawi committee of the National Commission for Sciences and Technology on the following address: Kapena mukhonza kuyankhula ndi a Research in the Social Sciences and Humanities in Malawi committee of the National Commission for Sciences and Technology pa address iyi:

NCST 1st Floor Lingadzi House, Robert Mugabe Crescent Private Bag B303 Lilongwe 3 Malawi. Email: [email protected] Phone: +265 1 771 550 Do you have any questions? Muli ndi mafunso aliwonse?

Do you agree to participate in the study? Yes No (if any say no, allow them to leave before proceeding)

Do you agree to let me record our conversation? Yes No (if any say no, allow them to leave, or do not record if large consensus to not record) Mukuvomereza kutenga nawo gawo mu zokambiranazi? Yes No (ngati ena anena kuti ayi aloreni amuke/ kapena kusajambule ngati avomerezana kuti zokambidwazo zisajambulidwe)

mailto:[email protected]


INTRODUCTIONS: First let’s get to know each other… [facilitate group greetings, including name, number of years living in community, and any leadership positions held] Poyamba tiyeni tidziwane… [facilitate group greetings, including name, number of years living in community, and any leadership positions held]

INSTRUCTIONS: For this discussion, I would like to learn about any changes that have occurred in this community over the past 2 years. I am going to ask about certain topics, and for each one, please tell me whether you feel the situation has gotten worse, gotten better, or stayed almost the same in the past 2 years. I expect that some of you may not fully agree on each thing, and that is OK. I look forward to hearing you discuss with each other about your views. These questions ask for your own perceptions, and there are no right or wrong answers. Each person’s perspective is valuable to us, so please feel free to speak your mind. Muzokambirana zathuzi, ndikufuna tiphunzire za zinthu zomwe zasintha mu dera lanu lino mu zaka ziwiri zapitazi. Ndifunsako zokhudzana ndi mitu ya zinthu zina, ndipo pa chimodzi chimodzi cha zimenezi, mundiwuze ngati mukuona kuti zinthuzo zayipa kwambiri, zilibwinoko kapena ngati zili chimodzimodzi mu zaka ziwiri zapitazi. Ndikuyembekezera kuti ena a inu simungagwirizane kwa thunthu pa china chili chonse, izo ndizololedwa. Ndikuyembekezera kumva inu mukukambirana ndi anzanuwo za maganizo anu. Mafunso awa akufuna kumva maganizo anu, ndipo palibe mayankho olondola kapena olakwa. Maganizo a munthu wina aliyense ndi wofunika kwa ife. Kotero mukhale omasuka kulankhula maganizo anu.

Helpful probes to promote general discussion for each question:

• Do you agree with this view? Mukugwirizana nawo maganizo amenewa? • Why do you think so? Ndichifukwa chiyani mukuganiza choncho? • Can you give examples for why you think so? Mungapereke zitsanzo?zifukwa zome

zikupangitsa inu kuti muziganiza choncho? • Is there any part that has improved in past 2 years? Kodi pali mbali ina iliyonse

imene yatukukako/yapita patsogolo muzaka ziwiri zapitazi?

Ending question for each section should ask:

• Is there consensus on which category I should use? Kodi pali mgwirizano pa magawo amene aperekedwa? Mark the number of votes for each topic on the flipchart.

1. Let’s start by talking about FOOD SECURITY, (availability of sufficient food and quality of food in this community). In the past 2 years, do you think food security has gotten worse, better, or is the same? Why? Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya ( kupezeka kwa chakudya chokwanira komanso chakudya chabwino mdera lino). Mzaka ziwiri zapitazi, mukuganiza kuti kapezekedwe ka chakudya katsiaka koyipa kwambiri, kalibwinoko kapena kali chimodzimodzi ngati kale? Chifukwa Chiyani?


Possible ways to prompt discussion: a. What about Quantity of food/ Quality of food/ Hunger? b. Must ask: How are crop yields (Maize, Groundnuts, Soya) in the past 2 years

compared to before that? Why? Kodi zokolola za (Chimanga, Mtedza, Soya) zinali bwanji mu zaka ziwiri zapitazi kuyerekeza ndi zaka zambuyomo? Chifukwa chiyani?

c. Do people need to purchase food from market besides what you produce? Did it increase/decrease in last 2 years? Kupatula zakudya zimene inuyo mumalima, kodi mumayeneranso kugula zakudya zinakuchokera kumsika? Kodi kugulaku, kwaonjezereka kapena kwacheperapo muzaka ziwiri zapitazi?

d. Do people produce enough to sell in the market? Did it increase/decrease in last 2 years? Kodi munalima zakudya zochukluka zoti nkugulitsa kumsika?

2. What about access to QUALITY HEALTH SERVICES and HEALTH INFORMATION in general? Has it gotten worse, better, or stayed the same over the past 2 years? Then, Probe for the following: Nanga kumbali ya chithandizo chabwino cha zaumoyo ? nanga kapezedwe ka mauthenga a zaumoyo kayipa kwambiri, kalibwinoko, kapena kali chimodzimodzi mu zaka ziwiri zapitazi poyerekeza ndi zaka zapitazi?

a. Are people able to get to the hospital or health center when needed?

Kodi anthu amatha kupita kuchipatala chachikulu kapena chaching’ono pakafunika kutero?

b. To what extent are local health facilities able to meet the needs of this community (to see doctor/nurse, midwife, medicines etc.,)? What about health workers? Nkufikira pati pamene zipatala zakudera kuno zimakwanitsa zosowa za anthu amdera lino (madotolo/anamwino, azamba, mankhwala ndi zina ). Nanga ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo?

c. To what extent are you satisfied with quality of health services? Waiting times? Nkufikira pati pamene inu mumakhutitsidwa ndi chithandizo chabwino chokhuzana ndi zaumoyo?

d. How common is it for couples to get voluntary counseling and testing for HIV? Are people able to get HIV care? Is this service (easily) available now?

e. Are people learning better food nutrition practices? Where are they getting this information? Ndipafupipafupi bwanji kunoko pamene athu amene ali pabanja amakatenga uphungu wokhudzana ndi HIV ndikuyezetsa magazi limodzi? Kodi anthu amalandira thandizo lokhudzana ndi HIV? Kodi chithandizo chimenechi chikupezeka mosavuta panopa? Nanga mauthenga amenewa amawapeza kuchokera kuti?

3. Tell me about access to quality EDUCATION in this community in general? Has it

gotten worse, better, or is the same over the past 2 years? Tsopano mundiuzeko zokhudzana ndi maphunziro abwino a mdera lino? Mu


zaka ziwiri zapitazi kodi ayipa kwambiri, akhalako bwino, kapena sanasinthe?

a. To what extent are people in this community satisfied with primary and secondary schools their children go to? Why? (probe whether its due to availability, costs, quality etc.,) Nkufikira pati pamene anthu anthu amdera lino amakhutisidwa ndi maphunziro a sukulu za pulayimale ndi sekondale komwe ana awo amapitako? Chifukwa chiyani? ( funsani ngati izi zili chifukwa cha kapezekedwe ka sukulu, ndalama zolipira, maphuzitsidwe ndi zina)

b. Do people view educational needs for girl and boy children differently? Why? Kodi anthu amaona zofunika pamaphunziro aatsikana ndi anyamata misiyana? Chifukwa chiyani?

c. Any changes in school drop outs for GIRLS and BOYS at primary / secondary levels? Why? Kodi atsikana osiya sukulu ku pulayimale ndi sekondale achuluka kapena achepa kapena chili chimodzimodzi? Chifukwa chiyani?

d. What about ability to read, for boys, girls at primary levels? Of men, women in the community? Any changes? Why? Nanga pa nkhani zokhudza kuwerenga kwa anyamata ndi atsikana akupulayimale? Azibambo ndi azimayi amdera lino? Pali kusintha kulikonse? Chifukwa chiyani?

4. How is the CAPACITY OF DISTRICT GOVERNMENT now to provide services

to this community (for example, District Councilor, District Commissioner, and government provision of public services)? Are they better able to meet your needs, less able, or is it the same in the past 2 years? Kodi boma lanu/DC [tchulani] lathandiza bwanji popereka zofunikira kudera lino? Kodi akukutumikiraniko bwino, mochepera kapena zili chimodzimodzi poyerekeza ndi zaka ziwiri zapitazi?

a. Must ask: What do you know about the role of the District Councilors? Are they fulfilling their duties? Kodi inuyo mumadziwapo chiyani pantchito zimene zaofesi ya kwa DC? Kodi iwowa, nthito yomwe amayenera kugwira akuyikwanilitsa?

b. Do you know who to reach and how to reach in district offices to get help from local government to improve your community? And, complain about the problems? Kodi mukudziwa yemwe mungamufikire ndi momwe mungamufikire ku ma ofesi a bwanankubwa [DC] kuti mukapeze chithandizo chokweza dera lanu? Ndi kukadandaula za mavuto?

c. Are district government representatives responsive to requests for assistance or complaints? Kodi akuboma amathandiza pa zopempha kapena madandaulo?

d. Do you think they have enough manpower and financial resources to meet your request?


Kodi mukuganiza kuti ali ndi ogwira ntchito okwanira komanso zipangizo zokwanira kuti akwaniritse zopempha zanu?

5. Thinking about your surrounding ENVIRONMENT, such as forests, fish and lakes, and

even the soil you farm on, to what extent have there been efforts in this community to protect those resources for future generations? Why? Kuganizira za chilengedwe monga nkhalango, nsomba, Nyanja, nthaka yomwe mumalimapoyi, nkuthekera kotani kumene kwachitika pokhuza ndondomeko yoteteza zachilengedwechi poganizira mibado yakutsogoloku mdera lanu lino?

a. What is your perception of environmental resource availability here? (more/less than 2 years ago?)

b. Are you concerned about the availability of resources?

6. What about POVERTY in this community now? Do you feel the level of poverty has gotten worse, gotten better, or stayed almost the same in past 2 years? Nanga ku nkhani Yaumphawi mdera lino pakadali pano? Mukuona kuti nkhani zaumphawi zayipa kwambiri, zakhalako bwino, kapena zili chimodzimodzi muzaka ziwiri zapitazi? Possible ways to prompt discussion:

a. Do you think your community has done better than neighboring communities? Why? Kodi mukuganiza kuti muzaka ziwiri zapitazi dera lanu lino lapangako bwino kuposa madera ena oyandikirana nawo. Chifukwa chiyani?

b. What are the main jobs people in this community have? (e.g. farming, other types of labor?). Has this changed? Kodi ndi ntchito zanji zikuluzikulu zimene zimagwilidwa ndi anthu akudera lino. (Mwachitsanzo, zaulimi, zina zaulebala)

c. Is it common for children to work instead of going to school? Has this changed in the past two years? How/why? Kodi ana ena apanyumba pano azaka zakubadwa zochepera 14 amafunika azigwira ntchito? Amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi bwanji? Kodi ntchitoyi ndi ya sizoni (monga nthawi yokolora, yopalira) kapena ndi yanthawi zones? Kodi nthawi imeneyi, anawa amatha kujomba kusukulu?

Additional Questions

1. Are you aware of any projects supported by USAID in this community? Which ones? Kodi mukudziwako ma polojekiti ena aliwonse othandizidwa ndi USAID mdera lino? Ntchulani mapolojekitiwa?

2. What type of interaction do you or other community members have with those

implementing these USAID projects? Need examples. Kodi pali ubale wanji pakati pa inu kapena madera ena ndi anthu omwe amayendetsa ma polojekiti amenewa a USAID? Pakhale zitsanzo?


3. Can you tell me about how the interaction has been? Has it been positive, negative, or neutral? Why (need examples)? Mungandiuzeko momwe ubalewu wakhalira? Kuti unali wabwino, woyipa kapena pakatikati? Ndikufuna zitsanzo?

4. Are you aware of any ways aid projects are working together in your community? Kodi mukudziwapo zina zilizose zomwe mapolojekiti ochita kuthandizidwa mmene amagwilira ntchito mdera lanu lino?

5. Have there been any challenges from your perspective related to these projects ongoing in this community? Kodi pakhalako mavuto kumbali yanu pokhudzana ndi ma pulojekiti omwe akuchitika mdera lino

6. What suggestions do you have to improve quality of life in your community? Muli ndi maganizo otani opititsira patsogolo umoyo wathanzi mu dera lanu lino?


Annex D. Qualitative Codebook

Codebook for CDCS endline FGDs

1. General a. Barrier to improvement (co-code liberally) b. Facilitator to improvement (co-code liberally) c. Gender difference d. Good quote e. Unclear

2. Food Security/Agriculture a. Rainfall/Drought b. Farming practices c. Improved seeds d. Crop markets e. Groundnuts f. Soya/soybeans g. Sweet potatoes

3. Health services availability and quality a. Willingness/ability to seek health care b. Availability of medicine c. Quality of medical care d. Corruption/mistreatment by health workers e. Contraception f. HIV/AIDS g. Maternal/child health

4. Education a. Willingness/ability to attend school b. Literacy c. Quality of education d. Corruption/mistreatment by school staff e. Gender differences

5. Local Government capacity a. Government role in development b. Satisfaction with government’s work c. Community involvement/lack of in government processes

6. Environment a. Awareness of climate change b. Effort to help environment

7. Poverty a. Employment

8. Development activities a. Mentions USAID b. Government role c. Mentions NGO/support project d. Awareness of integration in development projects e. Community interaction with development projects

Means by Treatment ENDLINE MIDLINE BASELINE BL-EL % CHANGE

Total HSO PI FI Total HSO PI FI Total HSO PI FI Total HSO PI FI PI-HSO DiD FI-HSO DiDVariable n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SDDemographics Demographics hhsize el Size of household (people) 4595 5.5 2.34 1741 6.0 2.59 1154 5.4 2.22 1700 5.2 2.07 4651 5.6 2.33 1743 5.8 2.49 1197 5.5 2.31 1711 5.3 2.15 4743 5.3 2.20 1733 5.6 2.44 1282 5.1 2.04 1728 5.1 2.02 5.2% 6.5% 5.5% 3.0% -1.0% -3.5%totaladul~el Number of adults >17 years old in household 4582 2.4 1.16 1735 2.6 1.32 1150 2.2 1.01 1697 2.2 1.04 4649 2.4 1.09 1741 2.6 1.23 1197 2.3 0.98 1711 2.3 0.99 4743 2.3 0.97 1733 2.5 1.12 1282 2.2 0.86 1728 2.2 0.85 3.1% 4.7% 2.0% 1.3% -2.7% -3.4%hasu5 el Has a child under 5 years old 4595 54.8% 0.50 1741 56.1% 0.50 1154 55.1% 0.50 1700 53.3% 0.50 4651 57.5% 0.49 1743 56.9% 0.50 1197 57.3% 0.50 1711 58.3% 0.49 4743 61.4% 0.49 1733 60.4% 0.49 1282 63.0% 0.48 1728 61.2% 0.49 -10.7% -7.1% -12.5% -12.9% -5.4% -5.8%femalehoh el Female-headed household (reported no male HoH) 4594 23.5% 0.42 1740 19.9% 0.40 1154 26.9% 0.44 1700 24.9% 0.43 4651 21.8% 0.41 1743 18.9% 0.39 1197 25.1% 0.43 1711 22.6% 0.42 4743 19.1% 0.39 1733 16.2% 0.37 1282 20.2% 0.40 1728 21.1% 0.41 23.0% 22.8% 33.2% 18.0% 10.3% -4.8%femaleh~t el No adult male >17 lives in household 4594 13.9% 0.35 1740 9.7% 0.30 1154 17.9% 0.38 1700 15.5% 0.36 4651 14.3% 0.35 1743 11.4% 0.32 1197 17.5% 0.38 1711 15.0% 0.36 4743 12.5% 0.33 1733 8.8% 0.28 1282 14.4% 0.35 1728 14.9% 0.36 11.2% 9.4% 24.3% 4.0% 14.9% -5.4%hohage el Age of head of household 4088 48.5 15.72 1514 48.9 15.48 1050 48.9 16.05 1524 47.9 15.73 4235 46.8 16.07 1589 47.3 15.88 1087 47.3 16.18 1559 46.0 16.16 4596 44.2 16.27 1677 44.8 15.94 1235 44.7 16.58 1684 43.3 16.34 9.7% 9.1% 9.2% 10.6% 0.1% 1.5%youth ish~el Youth-headed household (age 10-29) 4595 9.0% 0.29 1741 8.2% 0.28 1154 10.0% 0.30 1700 9.1% 0.29 4651 13.0% 0.34 1743 11.8% 0.32 1197 13.3% 0.34 1711 13.9% 0.35 4743 19.7% 0.40 1733 17.4% 0.38 1282 20.5% 0.40 1728 21.2% 0.41 -54.4% -52.8% -51.4% -57.0% 1.5% -4.2%hohneverm~el Head of household is single 4509 1.8% 0.13 1707 1.2% 0.11 1131 2.3% 0.15 1671 2.0% 0.14 4411 3.7% 0.19 1664 2.1% 0.14 1135 6.0% 0.24 1612 3.9% 0.19 4727 3.7% 0.19 1732 1.7% 0.13 1272 6.1% 0.24 1723 4.0% 0.20 -52.2% -28.9% -62.0% -50.1% -33.1% -21.2%femalemai~el Primary respondent is female 4315 51.3% 0.50 1672 46.7% 0.50 1059 58.5% 0.49 1584 51.5% 0.50 2806 55.8% 0.50 1028 48.2% 0.50 729 64.5% 0.48 1049 57.2% 0.50 4743 70.3% 0.46 1733 68.8% 0.46 1282 70.6% 0.46 1728 71.5% 0.45 -27.0% -32.1% -17.1% -28.0% 15.0% 4.2%hhdisab el Member of HH has disability (physical or mental) 4594 18.6% 0.39 1740 18.4% 0.39 1154 17.4% 0.38 1700 19.6% 0.40 4651 16.1% 0.37 1743 14.4% 0.35 1197 16.8% 0.37 1711 17.3% 0.38 4738 14.8% 0.36 1730 16.2% 0.37 1281 13.2% 0.34 1727 14.5% 0.35 25.7% 13.6% 31.8% 35.2% 18.2% 21.6%chichewa el Chichewa is spoken regularly at home 4595 73.3% 0.44 1741 52.5% 0.50 1154 81.3% 0.39 1700 89.2% 0.31 4651 72.9% 0.45 1743 50.0% 0.50 1197 79.6% 0.40 1711 91.5% 0.28 4743 71.8% 0.45 1733 54.3% 0.50 1282 76.6% 0.42 1728 85.8% 0.35 2.1% -3.3% 6.1% 4.0% 9.5% 7.3%citumbuka el Citumbuka is spoken regularly at home 4595 16.2% 0.37 1741 42.1% 0.49 1154 0.5% 0.07 1700 0.4% 0.06 4651 14.7% 0.35 1743 38.7% 0.49 1197 0.2% 0.04 1711 0.5% 0.07 4743 13.9% 0.35 1733 37.5% 0.48 1282 0.4% 0.06 1728 0.2% 0.04 16.5% 12.3% 33.3% 102.9% 21.1% 90.6%ciyawo el Ciyawo is spoken regularly at home 4595 21.1% 0.41 1741 1.1% 0.10 1154 44.3% 0.50 1700 25.8% 0.44 4651 22.1% 0.42 1743 0.6% 0.08 1197 45.4% 0.50 1711 27.7% 0.45 4743 22.6% 0.42 1733 0.9% 0.09 1282 42.8% 0.50 1728 29.5% 0.46 -6.6% 25.9% 3.5% -12.5% -22.4% -38.4%cisena el Cisena is spoken regularly at home 4595 0.1% 0.04 1741 0.0% 0.00 1154 0.3% 0.05 1700 0.2% 0.04 4651 0.2% 0.04 1743 0.1% 0.02 1197 0.3% 0.05 1711 0.3% 0.05 4743 0.2% 0.05 1733 0.1% 0.03 1282 0.2% 0.05 1728 0.3% 0.05 -37.9% -100.0% 11.1% -39.1% 111.1% 60.9%english el English is spoken regularly at home 4595 0.8% 0.09 1741 0.5% 0.07 1154 1.3% 0.11 1700 0.7% 0.08 4651 0.5% 0.07 1743 0.6% 0.08 1197 0.3% 0.06 1711 0.4% 0.06 4743 0.5% 0.07 1733 1.0% 0.10 1282 0.2% 0.04 1728 0.3% 0.05 50.6% -53.1% 733.3% 144.3% 786.4% 197.4%hhfarms el Household participates in farming 4595 98.7% 0.11 1741 98.3% 0.13 1154 98.9% 0.11 1700 99.0% 0.10 4530 96.2% 0.19 1685 95.1% 0.22 1174 96.5% 0.18 1671 97.1% 0.17 4740 96.1% 0.19 1732 94.7% 0.22 1280 96.6% 0.18 1728 97.0% 0.17 2.7% 3.8% 2.4% 2.1% -1.4% -1.7%rooms el Number of rooms in house 4595 3.0 1.15 1741 3.5 1.23 1154 2.6 0.99 1700 2.8 0.99 4651 2.8 1.09 1743 3.2 1.24 1197 2.6 0.95 1711 2.6 0.89 4743 2.7 1.14 1733 3.0 1.23 1282 2.5 1.03 1728 2.5 1.04 11.0% 13.9% 4.5% 10.7% -9.4% -3.2%cementflo~el House has smooth cement floors 4591 16.3% 0.37 1738 24.9% 0.43 1153 10.9% 0.31 1700 11.2% 0.32 4646 13.5% 0.34 1740 21.0% 0.41 1196 8.7% 0.28 1710 9.2% 0.29 4725 12.0% 0.33 1722 18.5% 0.39 1278 7.7% 0.27 1725 8.6% 0.28 35.8% 34.6% 42.1% 30.5% 7.5% -4.1%electr el House has electricity 4595 6.7% 0.25 1741 9.9% 0.30 1154 5.4% 0.23 1700 4.4% 0.21 4651 7.9% 0.27 1743 10.8% 0.31 1197 6.2% 0.24 1711 6.1% 0.24 4743 3.6% 0.19 1733 6.1% 0.24 1282 1.9% 0.14 1728 2.3% 0.15 87.7% 61.4% 187.2% 90.9% 125.7% 29.5%tobacco el Household grows tobacco 4595 12.6% 0.33 1741 4.3% 0.20 1154 19.4% 0.40 1700 16.6% 0.37 4651 14.0% 0.35 1743 3.4% 0.18 1197 22.7% 0.42 1711 18.7% 0.39 4743 17.3% 0.38 1733 4.6% 0.21 1282 27.9% 0.45 1728 22.1% 0.42 -27.2% -6.8% -30.5% -24.9% -23.7% -18.1%min2water el Total water collection time (minutes) 4588 26.8 31.76 1739 20.3 22.04 1152 31.2 34.84 1697 30.6 36.54 4650 35.8 47.05 1743 30.2 42.89 1196 30.5 38.84 1711 45.1 54.33 4725 32.6 47.61 1726 27.3 39.76 1276 36.5 52.89 1723 35.1 50.17 -17.6% -25.7% -14.4% -12.6% 11.3% 13.1%min2marke~el Time to nearest market (minutes) 4561 53.0 46.35 1727 46.6 45.71 1142 60.4 44.19 1692 54.5 47.55 4629 57.2 51.58 1741 47.7 49.41 1183 62.1 47.47 1705 63.4 54.98 4702 57.0 54.92 1723 48.4 52.83 1265 67.0 57.35 1714 58.3 53.78 -7.1% -3.7% -9.9% -6.5% -6.2% -2.9%Education Educationhohnoeduc el Head of HH has no education 4564 14.8% 0.36 1737 8.9% 0.28 1144 19.3% 0.40 1683 17.9% 0.38 4599 15.6% 0.36 1731 11.8% 0.32 1180 20.3% 0.40 1688 16.2% 0.37 4683 17.0% 0.38 1718 12.6% 0.33 1258 21.6% 0.41 1707 17.9% 0.38 -12.9% -29.6% -10.6% 0.0% 19.0% 29.6%sharenoed el % of HH members (minus HoH) with no education 4434 8.1% 0.17 1683 4.6% 0.13 1111 9.5% 0.18 1640 10.7% 0.20 4510 9.3% 0.18 1696 7.4% 0.16 1157 12.2% 0.21 1657 9.2% 0.18 4604 9.7% 0.18 1691 8.1% 0.17 1232 11.0% 0.19 1681 10.5% 0.19 -17.1% -43.6% -13.7% 1.9% 29.9% 45.6%shareread~el Percentage of adult HH members who can read in Chichewa 4503 64.0% 0.37 1702 68.5% 0.36 1129 58.9% 0.38 1672 63.0% 0.37 4629 63.1% 0.37 1731 66.9% 0.36 1194 58.5% 0.38 1704 62.5% 0.37 4733 63.2% 0.37 1731 67.3% 0.36 1275 59.8% 0.38 1727 61.6% 0.38 1.3% 1.8% -1.5% 2.3% -3.3% 0.5%readchich ~d Percentage of 2nd graders who can read Chichewa (self report) 1852 4.8% 0.21 629 6.8% 0.25 571 2.1% 0.14 652 5.1% 0.22 2094 4.6% 0.21 685 3.9% 0.20 661 3.8% 0.19 748 6.0% 0.24 1791 7.1% 0.26 615 5.0% 0.22 502 8.8% 0.28 674 7.7% 0.27 -33.0% 35.7% -76.0% -34.5% -111.7% -70.2%readchich ~d Male 339 6.5% 0.25 297 1.7% 0.13 328 5.2% 0.22 364 4.1% 0.20 327 4.3% 0.20 411 6.6% 0.25 333 5.7% 0.23 248 8.9% 0.29 353 8.2% 0.28 13.7% -81.1% -37.0% -94.7% -50.6%readchich ~d Female 290 7.2% 0.26 274 2.6% 0.16 324 4.9% 0.22 321 3.7% 0.19 334 3.3% 0.18 337 5.3% 0.23 282 4.3% 0.20 254 8.7% 0.28 321 7.2% 0.26 70.0% -70.6% -31.1% -140.5% -101.1%c15 el Literacy: Reading materials kids can read at home 4482 48.0% 0.50 1708 49.1% 0.50 1120 43.5% 0.50 1654 49.8% 0.50 4528 35.9% 0.48 1702 35.7% 0.48 1162 34.3% 0.48 1664 37.3% 0.48 4503 26.2% 0.44 1635 30.2% 0.46 1224 22.3% 0.42 1644 25.1% 0.43 83.2% 62.6% 95.1% 98.4% 32.5% 35.8%c16 el Literacy: Reading materials adults can read at home 4592 38.3% 0.49 1739 41.6% 0.49 1153 34.3% 0.48 1700 37.8% 0.49 4646 36.5% 0.48 1742 37.6% 0.49 1195 31.7% 0.47 1709 38.7% 0.49 4734 33.1% 0.47 1731 37.3% 0.48 1282 30.0% 0.46 1721 31.2% 0.46 15.7% 11.5% 14.3% 21.2% 2.8% 9.6%c16 1 el Literacy: Family member(s) go to community center to read 4589 7.5% 0.26 1739 10.2% 0.30 1152 6.0% 0.24 1698 5.7% 0.23 4639 7.1% 0.26 1739 8.9% 0.29 1192 4.6% 0.21 1708 7.0% 0.26 4731 7.2% 0.26 1727 9.4% 0.29 1278 5.4% 0.23 1726 6.3% 0.24 3.6% 8.1% 10.9% -9.7% 2.9% -17.7%c17 el Literacy:Does anyone read every day 4591 27.2% 0.45 1739 30.4% 0.46 1153 26.2% 0.44 1699 24.5% 0.43 4637 22.3% 0.42 1740 21.9% 0.41 1189 19.6% 0.40 1708 24.5% 0.43 4735 21.1% 0.41 1731 23.2% 0.42 1279 18.4% 0.39 1725 21.0% 0.41 28.9% 31.0% 42.4% 16.7% 11.4% -14.4%m68a ofte~el School fees too expensive/unable to pay 3802 14.7% 0.35 1449 14.7% 0.35 957 12.7% 0.33 1396 16.1% 0.37 3713 13.8% 0.35 1400 14.7% 0.35 959 11.6% 0.32 1354 14.3% 0.35 3296 11.8% 0.32 1230 11.8% 0.32 879 9.9% 0.30 1187 13.2% 0.34 24.6% 24.6% 28.3% 22.0% 3.7% -2.6%m68b ofte~el Lack of textbooks or other supplies 3789 26.2% 0.44 1448 30.8% 0.46 958 24.6% 0.43 1383 22.5% 0.42 3689 31.9% 0.47 1400 39.3% 0.49 952 26.1% 0.44 1337 28.3% 0.45 3254 37.2% 0.48 1210 43.6% 0.50 869 33.8% 0.47 1175 33.1% 0.47 -29.6% -29.4% -27.2% -32.0% 2.1% -2.7%m68c ofte~el Poor teaching 3784 20.5% 0.40 1443 23.4% 0.42 955 15.7% 0.36 1386 20.6% 0.41 3690 24.7% 0.43 1393 28.5% 0.45 950 19.7% 0.40 1347 24.3% 0.43 3247 24.0% 0.43 1207 29.1% 0.45 866 19.5% 0.40 1174 22.1% 0.42 -14.6% -19.6% -19.5% -6.8% 0.1% 12.8%m68d ofte~el Absent teachers 3773 17.3% 0.38 1444 18.3% 0.39 948 13.0% 0.34 1381 19.2% 0.39 3675 20.4% 0.40 1382 21.1% 0.41 949 17.6% 0.38 1344 21.7% 0.41 3244 17.9% 0.38 1202 20.0% 0.40 871 17.0% 0.38 1171 16.4% 0.37 -3.4% -8.5% -23.5% 17.1% -15.0% 25.6%m68e ofte~el Overcrowded classrooms 3770 48.4% 0.50 1439 45.4% 0.50 951 53.3% 0.50 1380 48.2% 0.50 3654 54.6% 0.50 1383 57.6% 0.49 935 51.9% 0.50 1336 53.4% 0.50 3223 47.1% 0.50 1201 47.0% 0.50 855 47.8% 0.50 1167 46.8% 0.50 2.8% -3.4% 11.5% 3.0% 14.9% 6.4%m68f ofte~el Poor conditions of facilities 3776 24.2% 0.43 1440 24.9% 0.43 957 22.6% 0.42 1379 24.7% 0.43 3658 26.2% 0.44 1388 29.1% 0.45 933 22.2% 0.42 1337 26.0% 0.44 3212 22.6% 0.42 1183 24.9% 0.43 859 20.5% 0.40 1170 21.9% 0.41 7.1% 0.0% 10.2% 12.8% 10.2% 12.8%Agriculture Agriculturesoya el Grows soya 4420 9.5% 0.29 1648 2.0% 0.14 1112 11.2% 0.32 1660 15.8% 0.37 4464 11.9% 0.32 1671 2.5% 0.16 1143 13.0% 0.34 1650 20.6% 0.41 4696 11.9% 0.32 1727 4.6% 0.21 1260 11.7% 0.32 1709 19.4% 0.40 -20.2% -56.8% -4.3% -18.6% 52.5% 38.2%so~c nosq el Hectares under soya cultivation (among full sample, excl land in sq meters) 4549 0.02 0.10 1732 0.00 0.04 1139 0.03 0.12 1678 0.04 0.13 4548 0.06 1.56 1739 0.00 0.04 1164 0.13 3.03 1645 0.06 0.50 4657 0.03 0.12 1707 0.01 0.05 1260 0.03 0.13 1690 0.05 0.15 -13.3% -46.0% 5.2% -15.1% 51.3% 30.9%soyhect n~el Hectares under soya cultivation (among soya farmers, excl land in sq meters) 374 0.3 0.22 24 0.3 0.18 110 0.3 0.24 240 0.3 0.22 425 0.6 5.08 38 0.2 0.15 115 1.4 9.59 272 0.4 1.20 469 0.3 0.27 52 0.2 0.17 124 0.3 0.32 293 0.3 0.26 6.3% 18.4% 7.2% 2.6% -11.2% -15.8%soyield el Yield of soy last season in KG (among those who grew soy) 418 168.2 371.50 33 358.1 1080.00 124 138.6 203.60 261 158.3 230.40 531 112.0 261.90 42 47.4 59.99 149 77.5 334.10 340 135.1 237.70 547 110.6 183.90 76 71.7 110.40 146 88.4 141.20 325 129.6 210.50 52.1% 399.7% 56.7% 22.1% -343.0% -377.6%soyield~q el Yield of soy last season in KG (among those who grew soy, sq meter land units ex 368 592.0 656.50 22 529.5 624.10 109 505.2 590.10 237 637.8 685.80 425 463.6 562.80 38 278.1 323.00 115 236.3 304.90 272 585.6 632.90 460 499.8 564.40 50 436.4 533.30 124 395.1 624.80 286 556.3 535.70 18.4% 21.3% 27.9% 14.7% 6.5% -6.7%soysold el Kg of soy sold last season(among those who grew soy) 414 112.6 179.90 33 59.2 181.50 122 95.8 148.80 259 127.3 191.40 523 72.4 126.30 41 17.8 45.88 146 33.1 66.61 336 96.1 145.20 540 78.4 166.00 77 31.6 80.75 145 56.7 115.90 318 99.7 194.90 43.6% 87.3% 68.8% 27.7% -18.5% -59.6%soymoneyu~el Value of total soya sold (USD) 268 $49.86 69.09 8 $80.53 90.59 83 $40.81 55.67 177 $52.72 73.36 314 $48.52 87.13 10 $37.39 49.88 75 $27.89 37.43 229 $55.76 98.34 331 $38.09 55.87 22 $42.23 44.17 77 $33.28 58.02 232 $39.29 56.24 30.9% 90.7% 22.6% 34.2% -68.1% -56.5%soyperkgu~el Soya price earned per kg (USD) 268 $0.32 0.21 8 $0.37 0.17 83 $0.33 0.28 177 $0.31 0.17 311 $0.46 0.37 10 $0.60 0.48 73 $0.51 0.48 228 $0.43 0.33 326 $0.41 0.41 22 $0.66 0.49 76 $0.42 0.47 228 $0.38 0.37 -23.2% -44.5% -22.5% -19.9% 22.1% 24.7%soyi~susd el Total value of inputs to soy production (USD) 420 $5.13 15.16 33 $10.38 34.64 125 $3.87 8.47 262 $5.06 13.55 531 $4.12 9.51 42 $2.10 4.30 149 $2.52 6.26 340 $5.07 10.93 559 $4.27 11.71 80 $3.93 13.36 147 $2.39 5.81 332 $5.19 13.09 19.9% 164.3% 62.3% -2.5% -102.0% -166.8%soymarg~q el Individual level gross margin for soya (USD per Ha, excluding land reported in sq. meters) 249 236.4 513.20 7 1339.0 2618.00 73 176.6 258.30 169 216.5 250.60 254 251.6 427.00 10 182.1 196.20 56 156.5 188.30 188 283.6 480.00 294 199.9 240.20 16 287.1 263.30 66 201.2 345.70 212 193.0 194.30 18.3% 366.4% -12.2% 12.2% -378.6% -354.2%soymargin el Individual level gross margin for soya (USD per Ha) 264 $684.90 3123.00 8 $1,210.00 2451.00 80 $1,106.00 4909.00 176 $469.40 1843.00 280 $299.10 566.20 10 $182.10 196.20 61 $246.50 706.90 209 $320.10 531.30 301 $202.00 241.80 17 $281.00 256.10 67 $206.50 345.90 217 $194.40 198.10 239.1% 330.6% 435.6% 141.5% 105.0% -189.1%selltimes~el Number of days it took to sell soya harvest 295 13.7 20.55 9 4.6 9.59 91 17.9 22.12 195 12.2 19.86 330 16.8 25.65 11 18.5 26.22 78 23.4 32.69 241 14.6 22.60 363 13.0 28.04 24 7.8 13.99 88 21.6 42.80 251 10.5 21.18 5.2% -41.2% -17.1% 15.7% 24.1% 56.9%groundnut~el Grows groundnuts 4470 47.1% 0.50 1672 32.9% 0.47 1122 60.8% 0.49 1676 52.1% 0.50 4498 34.7% 0.48 1677 24.1% 0.43 1163 40.7% 0.49 1658 41.1% 0.49 4719 40.7% 0.49 1727 32.3% 0.47 1275 46.4% 0.50 1717 44.8% 0.50 15.7% 1.9% 31.0% 16.3% 29.2% 14.4%gn~c nosq el Hectares under groundnut cultivation (full sample, excl land in sq meters) 4317 0.1 0.25 1666 0.1 0.20 1063 0.2 0.31 1588 0.1 0.25 4394 0.2 1.63 1703 0.1 0.19 1100 0.1 0.25 1591 0.3 2.70 4500 0.2 2.18 1646 0.2 2.48 1192 0.2 1.83 1662 0.3 2.10 -40.9% -55.2% -15.4% -44.3% 39.8% 10.9%gnhect no~el Hectares under groundnut cultivation (among groundnut farmers, excl land in sq m 1822 0.3 0.30 472 0.3 0.25 591 0.4 0.34 759 0.3 0.28 1299 0.5 1.96 363 0.3 0.29 376 0.3 0.33 560 0.6 2.96 1665 0.4 1.32 463 0.4 1.06 501 0.5 1.26 701 0.5 1.51 -25.3% -13.7% -20.5% -35.4% -6.8% -21.6%gnyield el Yield of groundnuts last season in KG (among those who grew it) 2082 123.0 188.10 545 157.9 220.70 670 98.2 164.10 867 120.4 179.80 1543 130.0 279.70 398 174.6 341.50 469 121.4 207.60 676 109.6 280.40 1806 168.8 303.90 493 210.2 428.30 567 139.1 214.60 746 163.9 256.40 -27.1% -24.9% -29.4% -26.5% -4.6% -1.7%gnyield~q el Yield of groundnuts last season in KG (among those who grew it, sq meter land un 1804 452.9 536.40 469 590.4 661.60 581 337.8 415.60 754 456.0 511.60 1291 483.9 609.90 358 588.6 709.10 375 489.0 631.50 558 413.3 509.20 1583 611.3 752.20 414 756.5 906.30 486 510.1 599.20 683 595.2 734.50 -25.9% -22.0% -33.8% -23.4% -11.8% -1.4%gnsold el Kg of groundnuts sold last season(among those who grew it) 2081 73.2 208.70 547 96.8 182.60 665 52.8 144.00 869 74.0 258.50 1533 89.4 556.20 392 118.2 260.70 468 75.9 177.70 673 82.0 801.90 1811 1294.0 50968.00 506 4408.0 96421.00 567 72.8 175.90 738 96.2 203.50 -94.3% -97.8% -27.4% -23.1% 70.4% 74.7%gnmoneyus~el Value of total groundnuts sold (USD) 980 $45.73 65.01 323 $48.64 65.88 265 $39.57 57.13 392 $47.51 69.05 795 $143.00 2370.00 255 $343.40 4181.00 230 $48.34 76.54 310 $48.38 85.29 977 $59.85 142.00 296 $73.21 187.70 277 $42.87 76.52 404 $61.70 136.60 -23.6% -33.6% -7.7% -23.0% 25.9% 10.6%gnperkgus~el Groundnuts price earned per kg (USD) 964 $0.39 0.24 316 $0.41 0.28 262 $0.37 0.22 386 $0.38 0.21 782 $0.50 0.46 251 $0.58 0.59 228 $0.44 0.40 303 $0.49 0.38 905 $0.47 0.68 265 $0.53 0.73 259 $0.42 0.61 381 $0.46 0.69 -17.7% -21.6% -12.4% -18.6% 9.3% 3.0%gninputsu~el Total value of inputs to groundnuts production (USD) 2105 $7.19 16.77 550 $10.46 21.93 682 $5.98 15.05 873 $6.07 13.76 1559 $6.52 13.82 404 $8.91 17.00 473 $4.96 11.00 682 $6.19 13.29 1921 $7.39 17.70 559 $8.81 18.91 593 $5.45 12.02 769 $7.86 20.19 -2.8% 18.7% 9.9% -22.8% -8.9% -41.6%gnmargi~q el Individual level gross margin for groundnuts (USD per Ha excluding land reported in sq meter 904 181.7 185.50 300 184.7 198.80 242 161.5 185.30 362 192.8 173.20 708 375.7 2110.00 234 527.5 2770.00 197 214.8 295.30 277 361.9 2196.00 846 269.2 652.30 234 368.5 1020.00 243 180.2 230.60 369 264.8 521.70 -32.5% -49.9% -10.4% -27.2% 39.5% 22.7%gnmargin el Individual level gross margin for groundnuts (USD per Ha) 920 $194.40 253.80 305 $209.40 342.70 251 $174.40 210.70 364 $195.50 183.50 744 $401.40 2071.00 244 $541.20 2719.00 207 $256.10 404.70 293 $387.70 2150.00 869 $290.90 719.40 238 $429.20 1162.00 248 $190.60 269.50 383 $269.90 522.00 -33.2% -51.2% -8.5% -27.6% 42.7% 23.6%selltimeg~el Number of days it took to sell groundnut harvest 1040 15.9 27.76 332 9.6 18.88 287 15.7 29.53 421 21.0 31.20 834 22.3 31.50 257 16.9 27.26 244 27.6 36.10 333 22.7 30.31 1029 20.4 34.46 314 14.8 29.01 292 23.4 39.62 423 22.4 33.93 -22.0% -35.1% -33.2% -6.2% 1.9% 28.9%sweetpot el Grows orange fresh sweet potatoes 4451 26.3% 0.44 1681 27.2% 0.45 1110 26.0% 0.44 1660 25.5% 0.44 4436 18.7% 0.39 1675 17.2% 0.38 1141 20.8% 0.41 1620 18.9% 0.39 4670 22.5% 0.42 1726 26.3% 0.44 1260 21.5% 0.41 1684 19.3% 0.40 16.9% 3.4% 20.9% 32.1% 17.5% 28.7%po~c nosq el Hectares under O.F. sweet potato cultivation (full sample, excl land in sq meter 4251 0.1 1.30 1584 0.0 0.11 1074 0.1 0.18 1593 0.1 2.11 4391 0.1 1.79 1698 0.0 0.08 1115 0.1 3.03 1578 0.1 1.55 4452 0.1 0.46 1588 0.1 0.67 1206 0.1 0.30 1658 0.0 0.25 30.7% -49.1% 11.7% 193.8% 60.8% 243.0%pothect n~el Hectares under O.F. sweet potato cultivation (among sweet potato farmers, excl l 826 0.4 2.92 301 0.2 0.15 209 0.3 0.30 316 0.6 4.71 572 0.6 4.92 244 0.2 0.12 155 0.9 8.11 173 1.0 4.59 759 0.3 1.07 309 0.4 1.49 195 0.3 0.68 255 0.3 0.60 14.5% -47.8% -7.0% 127.4% 40.8% 175.2%potyield el Yield of sweet potato last season in KG (among those who grew it) 1086 541.7 758.00 420 580.1 695.60 275 513.2 677.30 391 520.5 868.10 773 223.7 347.80 272 277.6 392.90 219 212.4 306.70 282 180.5 325.00 808 297.6 593.80 325 356.8 757.60 217 217.0 268.90 266 291.1 550.80 82.0% 62.6% 136.5% 78.8% 73.9% 16.2%potyiel~q el Yield of sweet potato last season in KG (among those who grew it, sq meter land 775 3449.0 4284.00 280 3792.0 4050.00 204 2547.0 2744.00 291 3751.0 5211.00 542 1580.0 2305.00 231 1837.0 2511.00 145 1300.0 1632.00 166 1467.0 2475.00 621 1935.0 3726.00 247 2274.0 4592.00 159 1321.0 1623.00 215 1998.0 3692.00 78.2% 66.8% 92.8% 87.7% 26.1% 21.0%potsold el Kg of sweet potato sold last season(among those who grew it) 1121 317.7 2476.00 436 275.7 888.70 281 272.8 632.10 404 394.2 3988.00 794 106.8 351.10 277 125.5 305.00 228 116.7 496.50 289 81.2 234.20 886 232.4 3370.00 380 388.6 5136.00 230 94.8 209.40 276 131.9 328.90 36.7% -29.1% 187.8% 198.9% 216.9% 227.9%potmoneyu~el Value of total sweet potato sold (USD) 505 $29.43 60.27 184 $31.89 81.96 135 $28.53 44.39 186 $27.66 42.61 341 $28.72 57.74 144 $30.18 64.95 89 $32.54 70.98 108 $23.61 27.76 460 $36.18 80.90 199 $43.00 109.80 119 $24.59 51.16 142 $36.32 44.94 -18.7% -25.8% 16.0% -23.8% 41.9% 2.0%potperkgu~el Sweet potato price earned per kg (USD) 488 $0.08 0.10 178 $0.08 0.11 133 $0.07 0.06 177 $0.08 0.12 328 $0.24 0.67 140 $0.32 0.83 82 $0.14 0.10 106 $0.21 0.67 374 $0.20 0.33 160 $0.24 0.42 100 $0.15 0.17 114 $0.20 0.30 -62.4% -66.1% -55.4% -60.7% 10.7% 5.4%poti~susd el Total value of inputs to sweet potato production (USD) 1170 $1.55 6.23 458 $1.46 6.01 289 $1.67 4.46 423 $1.58 7.40 832 $1.31 4.46 289 $1.65 6.50 237 $1.31 2.67 306 $0.97 2.91 1051 $1.68 5.51 455 $1.94 6.76 271 $0.94 2.64 325 $1.93 5.30 -7.3% -24.6% 78.5% -18.4% 103.2% 6.2%potmarg~q el Individual level gross margin for sweet potatoes(USD per Ha) 403 265.9 556.40 140 384.2 870.40 115 154.9 173.90 148 240.4 288.40 260 353.4 1510.00 122 520.2 2185.00 61 203.9 186.40 77 207.4 248.90 302 310.6 587.80 130 440.4 837.40 78 185.1 219.90 94 235.3 250.90 -14.4% -12.8% -16.3% 2.2% -3.6% 14.9%potmargin el Individual level gross margin for sweet potatoes(USD per Ha) 483 $3,281.00 24226.00 176 $2,546.00 7975.00 132 $1,969.00 13949.00 175 $5,009.00 37555.00 319 $1,736.00 6409.00 138 $1,265.00 5047.00 79 $1,360.00 3967.00 102 $2,664.00 9019.00 355 $2,040.00 8242.00 152 $3,459.00 11926.00 95 $1,301.00 3644.00 108 $693.20 2679.00 60.8% -26.4% 51.3% 622.6% 77.7% 649.0%selltimep~el Number of days it took to sell sweet potato harvest 1165 4.8 14.51 455 2.7 8.36 288 6.7 20.84 422 5.7 14.24 830 6.0 18.39 287 9.5 24.09 237 4.5 14.06 306 3.9 14.30 1020 7.5 21.79 441 6.9 16.40 265 9.4 31.41 314 6.9 18.21 -36.6% -60.5% -28.8% -17.3% 31.7% 43.2% Practices Farming Practicesfarmclub el Household members have participated in farmers' club 4499 23.1% 0.42 1692 20.4% 0.40 1127 25.8% 0.44 1680 23.9% 0.43 4531 25.4% 0.44 1690 23.4% 0.42 1169 23.9% 0.43 1672 28.3% 0.45 4743 26.9% 0.44 1733 24.4% 0.43 1282 27.8% 0.45 1728 28.6% 0.45 -14.1% -16.4% -7.2% -16.4% 9.2% 0.0%farmclubm~el Male in household participates in farmers' club 4595 12.5% 0.33 1741 11.9% 0.32 1154 14.0% 0.35 1700 12.1% 0.33 4651 13.5% 0.34 1743 13.7% 0.34 1197 12.5% 0.33 1711 14.0% 0.35 4743 17.1% 0.38 1733 16.2% 0.37 1282 17.8% 0.38 1728 17.6% 0.38 -26.9% -26.5% -21.3% -31.3% 5.2% -4.7%farmclubf~el Female in household participates in farmers' club 4595 13.9% 0.35 1741 12.3% 0.33 1154 15.2% 0.36 1700 14.7% 0.35 4651 14.8% 0.36 1743 12.9% 0.34 1197 13.4% 0.34 1711 17.8% 0.38 4743 14.1% 0.35 1733 12.7% 0.33 1282 14.0% 0.35 1728 15.7% 0.36 -1.4% -3.1% 8.6% -6.4% 11.7% -3.2%phone4bus~el Used mobile phone for business in past year (e.g. check crop prices) 4499 5.1% 0.22 1692 7.7% 0.27 1127 3.9% 0.19 1680 3.2% 0.18 4531 5.2% 0.22 1690 6.3% 0.24 1169 3.7% 0.19 1672 5.3% 0.22 4743 5.6% 0.23 1733 7.9% 0.27 1282 3.4% 0.18 1728 4.9% 0.22 -9.3% -2.9% 16.4% -34.8% 19.3% -31.8%harvestra~el Sold last harvest through trader at home 4090 37.5% 0.48 1550 48.3% 0.50 1022 28.1% 0.45 1518 32.7% 0.47 222 50.9% 0.50 81 61.7% 0.49 48 43.8% 0.50 93 45.2% 0.50 2922 50.9% 0.50 1110 67.5% 0.47 743 39.7% 0.49 1069 41.5% 0.49 -26.3% -28.4% -29.2% -21.2% -0.8% 7.2%harvestma~el Sold last harvest at market 4090 23.9% 0.43 1550 19.2% 0.39 1022 32.0% 0.47 1518 23.3% 0.42 222 42.8% 0.50 81 25.9% 0.44 48 54.2% 0.50 93 51.6% 0.50 2922 46.3% 0.50 1110 29.7% 0.46 743 56.9% 0.50 1069 56.0% 0.50 -48.4% -35.4% -43.8% -58.4% -8.4% -23.0%harvestwa~el Sold last harvest through warehouse 4090 1.0% 0.10 1550 1.2% 0.11 1022 0.6% 0.08 1518 1.0% 0.10 222 6.3% 0.24 81 12.3% 0.33 48 2.1% 0.14 93 3.2% 0.18 2922 2.8% 0.17 1110 2.8% 0.17 743 3.4% 0.18 1069 2.4% 0.15 -65.2% -55.9% -82.5% -59.3% -26.6% -3.4%changedag el Changed agriculture practices in past 12 months 4499 18.6% 0.39 1692 19.0% 0.39 1127 17.7% 0.38 1680 18.8% 0.39 4424 21.4% 0.41 1638 24.2% 0.43 1143 16.8% 0.37 1643 21.9% 0.41 4557 17.7% 0.38 1642 17.5% 0.38 1239 17.8% 0.38 1676 17.9% 0.38 5.1% 8.6% -0.6% 5.0% -9.1% -3.5%lesswater el Use less water 836 5.1% 0.22 321 3.4% 0.18 200 5.5% 0.23 315 6.7% 0.25 4478 1.8% 0.13 1660 0.9% 0.09 1156 1.8% 0.13 1662 2.8% 0.16 4557 0.4% 0.06 1642 0.2% 0.05 1239 0.6% 0.08 1676 0.5% 0.07 1132.6% 1305.7% 873.5% 1298.3% -432.3% -7.4%orgfertil el Use organic fertilizer 836 9.2% 0.29 321 14.6% 0.35 200 7.5% 0.26 315 4.8% 0.21 4478 2.1% 0.14 1660 3.6% 0.19 1156 0.6% 0.08 1662 1.6% 0.12 4557 2.0% 0.14 1642 1.5% 0.12 1239 2.7% 0.16 1676 2.1% 0.14 351.5% 900.0% 173.7% 127.8% -726.3% -772.2%worms el Use earthworms 836 2.4% 0.15 321 1.3% 0.11 200 6.0% 0.24 315 1.3% 0.11 4478 0.3% 0.06 1660 0.5% 0.07 1156 0.1% 0.03 1662 0.3% 0.05 4557 0.4% 0.06 1642 0.4% 0.07 1239 0.4% 0.06 1676 0.4% 0.06 473.1% 193.4% 1385.1% 203.8% 1191.7% 10.4%diffcrop el Use different type of crop 836 11.7% 0.32 321 11.5% 0.32 200 18.5% 0.39 315 7.6% 0.27 4478 2.5% 0.16 1660 2.4% 0.15 1156 2.2% 0.15 1662 3.0% 0.17 4557 2.7% 0.16 1642 2.8% 0.17 1239 2.8% 0.17 1676 2.6% 0.16 330.1% 310.7% 556.0% 196.5% 245.3% -114.2%mixcrop el Practice mixed cropping 836 8.6% 0.28 321 12.1% 0.33 200 5.5% 0.23 315 7.0% 0.26 4478 1.7% 0.13 1660 3.1% 0.17 1156 0.9% 0.09 1662 1.0% 0.10 4557 1.3% 0.11 1642 1.5% 0.12 1239 1.8% 0.13 1676 0.8% 0.09 552.3% 696.1% 209.0% 799.5% -487.1% 103.4%rotation el Practice crop rotation 836 26.3% 0.44 321 39.9% 0.49 200 24.5% 0.43 315 13.7% 0.34 4478 5.2% 0.22 1660 7.5% 0.26 1156 4.3% 0.20 1662 3.6% 0.19 4557 4.6% 0.21 1642 5.2% 0.22 1239 3.9% 0.19 1676 4.5% 0.21 473.0% 670.3% 533.1% 202.4% -137.2% -467.8%irrigatio~el Use irrigation 836 2.8% 0.16 321 2.5% 0.16 200 5.0% 0.22 315 1.6% 0.13 4478 1.0% 0.10 1660 1.2% 0.11 1156 1.1% 0.11 1662 0.7% 0.08 4557 0.3% 0.05 1642 0.3% 0.06 1239 0.4% 0.06 1676 0.2% 0.04 864.9% 716.4% 1137.6% 788.3% 421.2% 71.9%impseed el Use improved seeds 836 18.7% 0.39 321 18.7% 0.39 200 25.0% 0.43 315 14.6% 0.35 4478 4.1% 0.20 1660 3.3% 0.18 1156 4.9% 0.22 1662 4.2% 0.20 4557 3.2% 0.18 1642 3.0% 0.17 1239 4.1% 0.20 1676 2.8% 0.17 478.9% 527.5% 506.8% 421.4% -20.7% -106.1%nonorgfer~el Use non-organic fertilizer 836 13.4% 0.34 321 8.4% 0.28 200 8.5% 0.28 315 21.6% 0.41 4478 4.3% 0.20 1660 3.7% 0.19 1156 2.0% 0.14 1662 6.4% 0.24 4557 2.6% 0.16 1642 1.8% 0.13 1239 2.5% 0.16 1676 3.5% 0.18 417.4% 375.1% 240.0% 524.3% -135.1% 149.1%changedcr~el Changed type of crop grown changed in recent years due to: 4499 26.5% 0.44 1692 29.7% 0.46 1127 22.7% 0.42 1680 25.7% 0.44 4424 27.6% 0.45 1638 29.5% 0.46 1143 25.4% 0.44 1643 27.3% 0.45 4559 25.0% 0.43 1643 23.0% 0.42 1240 25.7% 0.44 1676 26.3% 0.44 6.0% 29.1% -11.7% -2.3% -40.8% -31.4%ngonewsee~el NGO offered new seed/told to change crops 1190 10.5% 0.31 502 13.3% 0.34 256 9.0% 0.29 432 8.1% 0.27 4478 2.2% 0.15 1660 4.0% 0.20 1156 1.1% 0.11 1662 1.1% 0.10 4557 2.8% 0.17 1642 2.7% 0.16 1239 2.4% 0.15 1676 3.2% 0.18 273.7% 396.3% 271.1% 151.6% -125.2% -244.7%cheapseed el Certain type of seed became easier/cheaper to access 1190 13.6% 0.34 502 17.7% 0.38 256 10.9% 0.31 432 10.4% 0.31 4478 3.0% 0.17 1660 4.4% 0.21 1156 1.9% 0.14 1662 2.3% 0.15 4557 3.6% 0.19 1642 3.1% 0.17 1239 5.3% 0.22 1676 3.0% 0.17 273.6% 480.3% 107.6% 242.1% -372.7% -238.2%moreland el Gained access to additional land 1190 1.3% 0.11 502 1.4% 0.12 256 0.8% 0.09 432 1.4% 0.12 4478 0.5% 0.07 1660 0.7% 0.08 1156 0.4% 0.07 1662 0.4% 0.06 4557 0.7% 0.08 1642 0.9% 0.10 1239 0.3% 0.06 1676 0.7% 0.08 85.3% 52.1% 141.8% 94.1% 89.7% 42.1%seedloan el Received loan 1190 0.8% 0.09 502 0.4% 0.06 256 2.0% 0.14 432 0.5% 0.07 4478 0.1% 0.03 1660 0.2% 0.04 1156 0.0% 0.00 1662 0.1% 0.03 4557 0.1% 0.04 1642 0.2% 0.04 1239 0.0% 0.00 1676 0.2% 0.04 472.7% 117.5% 158.7% 41.2%cropdivtr~el Received crop diversification training 1190 24.0% 0.43 502 28.5% 0.45 256 24.6% 0.43 432 18.5% 0.39 4478 5.7% 0.23 1660 6.3% 0.24 1156 5.1% 0.22 1662 5.5% 0.23 4557 7.2% 0.26 1642 7.8% 0.27 1239 6.9% 0.25 1676 6.7% 0.25 234.3% 265.4% 254.5% 174.5% -10.9% -90.9%wantnewcr~el Wanted to add new crop 1190 30.8% 0.46 502 34.7% 0.48 256 39.5% 0.49 432 21.3% 0.41 4478 7.5% 0.26 1660 7.7% 0.27 1156 6.8% 0.25 1662 7.8% 0.27 4557 8.4% 0.28 1642 7.6% 0.27 1239 9.8% 0.30 1676 8.2% 0.27 266.7% 356.0% 304.3% 160.7% -51.7% -195.3%rainchang~el Change in rainfall pattern 1190 45.9% 0.50 502 37.8% 0.49 256 44.9% 0.50 432 55.8% 0.50 4478 13.6% 0.34 1660 12.2% 0.33 1156 14.3% 0.35 1662 14.4% 0.35 4557 7.1% 0.26 1642 5.9% 0.24 1239 6.7% 0.25 1676 8.6% 0.28 547.4% 546.2% 570.1% 549.6% 24.0% 3.4%discardgn el Groundnut farmer discarded portion of crop during the grading process due to con 595 43.0% 0.50 162 34.6% 0.48 183 50.3% 0.50 250 43.2% 0.50 1559 8.7% 0.28 404 5.9% 0.24 473 9.3% 0.29 682 10.0% 0.30 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 393.1% 482.5% 440.9% 333.3% -41.6% -149.2%rejectgn el Groundnut farmer had all/portion of crop rejected at market/warehouse due to con 117 32.5% 0.47 32 28.1% 0.46 31 32.3% 0.48 54 35.2% 0.48 1559 1.4% 0.12 404 1.7% 0.13 473 0.8% 0.09 682 1.5% 0.12 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 2307.4% 1524.3% 3718.0% 2294.6% 2193.7% 770.3%discardso~el Soya farmer discarded portion of crop during the grading process due to contamin 128 28.1% 0.45 15 13.3% 0.35 41 31.7% 0.47 72 29.2% 0.46 531 8.9% 0.28 42 2.4% 0.15 149 12.1% 0.33 340 8.2% 0.28 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 217.5% 458.8% 162.0% 254.4% -296.8% -204.5%rejectsoy el Soya farmer had all/portion of crop rejected at market/warehouse due to contamin 25 28.0% 0.46 0 n/a n/a 6 16.7% 0.41 19 31.6% 0.48 531 1.5% 0.12 42 0.0% 0.00 149 2.0% 0.14 340 1.5% 0.12 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 1754.3% 730.8% 2049.7%discardpo~el Sweet potato farmer discarded portion of crop during the grading process due to 416 31.7% 0.47 169 36.7% 0.48 109 35.8% 0.48 138 22.5% 0.42 832 7.7% 0.27 289 11.8% 0.32 237 3.8% 0.19 306 6.9% 0.25 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 312.2% 211.0% 842.1% 228.0% 631.1% 17.0%rejectpot el Sweet potato farmer had all/portion of crop rejected at market/warehouse due to 86 17.4% 0.38 39 25.6% 0.44 16 6.3% 0.25 31 12.9% 0.34 832 1.0% 0.10 289 1.7% 0.13 237 0.4% 0.07 306 0.7% 0.08 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 1708.7% 1379.8% 1381.0% 1872.5% 1.3% 492.7%discardma~el Farmer discarded portion of maize crop during the grading process due to contami 1256 54.6% 0.50 502 55.6% 0.50 320 53.4% 0.50 434 54.4% 0.50 4303 10.9% 0.31 1580 14.7% 0.36 1120 6.5% 0.25 1603 10.0% 0.30 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 400.9% 278.2% 719.0% 444.0% 440.8% 165.8%rejectmai~el Farmer had all/portion of maize crop rejected at market/warehouse due to contami 264 26.9% 0.44 115 29.6% 0.46 51 17.6% 0.39 98 28.6% 0.45 4303 1.0% 0.10 1580 2.0% 0.14 1120 0.3% 0.05 1603 0.6% 0.07 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 2537.3% 1358.1% 6467.2% 4998.0% 5109.0% 3639.9% Participation in Women's Participation in Decision Makingl06a F el Decisions: Food crop farming 3941 81.2% 0.39 1454 85.7% 0.35 979 82.2% 0.38 1508 76.3% 0.43 3863 82.1% 0.38 1409 85.2% 0.36 991 81.4% 0.39 1463 79.7% 0.40 3825 80.7% 0.40 1281 84.9% 0.36 1085 80.6% 0.40 1459 77.1% 0.42 0.6% 0.9% 2.0% -1.0% 1.0% -2.0%l08a F el Decisions: Livestock raising 2318 85.6% 0.35 934 88.8% 0.32 552 85.0% 0.36 832 82.5% 0.38 1819 85.5% 0.35 747 89.7% 0.30 366 81.4% 0.39 706 83.1% 0.38 1761 86.3% 0.34 699 90.1% 0.30 467 84.4% 0.36 595 83.4% 0.37 -0.8% -1.4% 0.7% -1.1% 2.2% 0.4%l10a F el Decisions: Non-farm economic activities 1313 86.8% 0.34 519 91.1% 0.28 333 82.9% 0.38 461 84.8% 0.36 1328 85.4% 0.35 586 88.2% 0.32 267 82.4% 0.38 475 83.6% 0.37 1174 86.3% 0.34 495 91.1% 0.29 263 79.8% 0.40 416 84.6% 0.36 0.6% 0.0% 3.9% 0.2% 3.9% 0.2%l12a F el Decisions: Wage employment 1470 85.9% 0.35 418 88.5% 0.32 453 87.4% 0.33 599 82.8% 0.38 1459 83.1% 0.38 421 84.3% 0.36 370 82.4% 0.38 668 82.8% 0.38 1056 82.5% 0.38 269 85.1% 0.36 328 83.8% 0.37 459 80.0% 0.40 4.1% 4.0% 4.3% 3.5% 0.3% -0.5%l06b F el Decisions: Use of income from food crop farming 2990 78.5% 0.41 1143 82.5% 0.38 766 77.7% 0.42 1081 74.8% 0.43 3863 83.1% 0.38 1409 85.8% 0.35 991 79.7% 0.40 1463 82.8% 0.38 2946 74.1% 0.44 912 78.0% 0.42 844 72.6% 0.45 1190 72.3% 0.45 5.9% 5.8% 7.0% 3.5% 1.3% -2.3%l08b F el Decisions: Use of income livestock raising 1833 81.9% 0.39 734 85.6% 0.35 450 79.1% 0.41 649 79.7% 0.40 1819 85.2% 0.36 747 89.4% 0.31 366 80.6% 0.40 706 83.1% 0.38 1341 79.4% 0.40 496 84.9% 0.36 366 76.5% 0.43 479 76.0% 0.43 3.1% 0.8% 3.4% 4.9% 2.6% 4.0%l10b F el Decisions: Use of income from non-farm economic activities 1284 85.0% 0.36 514 88.9% 0.31 319 82.1% 0.38 451 82.7% 0.38 1328 83.2% 0.37 586 84.8% 0.36 267 80.9% 0.39 475 82.5% 0.38 1134 81.4% 0.39 474 86.7% 0.34 255 76.1% 0.43 405 78.5% 0.41 4.4% 2.5% 7.9% 5.4% 5.3% 2.8%l12b F el Decisions: Use of income from wage employment 1518 87.0% 0.34 432 91.4% 0.28 454 85.5% 0.35 632 85.0% 0.36 1459 84.9% 0.36 421 88.4% 0.32 370 82.4% 0.38 668 84.0% 0.37 1105 83.2% 0.37 287 89.5% 0.31 336 79.8% 0.40 482 81.7% 0.39 4.6% 2.1% 7.1% 4.0% 5.0% 1.9%l02a F el Decisions: Inputs for Agriculture 4595 61.1% 0.49 1741 59.9% 0.49 1154 64.2% 0.48 1700 60.2% 0.49 4651 5.7% 0.23 1743 5.2% 0.22 1197 6.4% 0.24 1711 5.8% 0.23 4743 46.2% 0.50 1733 48.3% 0.50 1282 46.7% 0.50 1728 43.6% 0.50 32.3% 24.0% 37.5% 38.1% 13.5% 14.1%l02b F el Decisions: Types of crops to grow 4595 69.1% 0.46 1741 70.3% 0.46 1154 69.5% 0.46 1700 67.6% 0.47 4651 6.4% 0.25 1743 5.8% 0.23 1197 7.0% 0.26 1711 6.6% 0.25 4743 57.4% 0.50 1733 61.0% 0.49 1282 57.1% 0.50 1728 54.1% 0.50 20.4% 15.2% 21.7% 25.0% 6.5% 9.7%l02c F el Decisions: Taking crops to market 4595 60.3% 0.49 1741 63.1% 0.48 1154 61.1% 0.49 1700 56.9% 0.50 4651 56.6% 0.50 1743 58.7% 0.49 1197 59.0% 0.49 1711 52.7% 0.50 4743 51.4% 0.50 1733 53.5% 0.50 1282 54.2% 0.50 1728 47.3% 0.50 17.3% 17.9% 12.7% 20.3% -5.2% 2.4%l02h F el Decisions: Family planning 4595 57.0% 0.50 1741 56.5% 0.50 1154 57.5% 0.50 1700 57.2% 0.50 4651 5.4% 0.23 1743 5.0% 0.22 1197 6.0% 0.24 1711 5.4% 0.23 4743 51.9% 0.50 1733 49.3% 0.50 1282 53.7% 0.50 1728 53.2% 0.50 9.8% 14.6% 7.1% 7.5% -7.5% -7.1%l02i F el Decisions: Participation in community decisions/activities 4595 64.1% 0.48 1741 58.4% 0.49 1154 68.0% 0.47 1700 67.4% 0.47 4651 5.7% 0.23 1743 5.2% 0.22 1197 6.0% 0.24 1711 6.1% 0.24 4743 52.5% 0.50 1733 49.0% 0.50 1282 55.4% 0.50 1728 53.7% 0.50 22.1% 19.2% 22.7% 25.5% 3.6% 6.3%l02j F el Decisions: Taking loans 4595 50.4% 0.50 1741 49.9% 0.50 1154 44.5% 0.50 1700 55.1% 0.50 4649 44.8% 0.50 1741 45.7% 0.50 1197 40.5% 0.49 1711 46.8% 0.50 4743 37.5% 0.48 1733 36.0% 0.48 1282 39.2% 0.49 1728 37.7% 0.49 34.4% 38.6% 13.5% 46.2% -25.1% 7.5%l02k F el Decisions: Participation in groups/committees 4595 60.2% 0.49 1741 60.0% 0.49 1154 57.1% 0.50 1700 62.4% 0.48 4651 5.3% 0.22 1743 4.9% 0.22 1197 5.6% 0.23 1711 5.3% 0.22 4743 50.5% 0.50 1733 50.7% 0.50 1282 49.9% 0.50 1728 50.8% 0.50 19.2% 18.3% 14.4% 22.8% -3.9% 4.5%l02l F el Decisions: Schooling of boy child 4595 63.9% 0.48 1741 66.1% 0.47 1154 65.8% 0.48 1700 60.3% 0.49 4651 5.3% 0.23 1743 5.1% 0.22 1197 6.1% 0.24 1711 5.1% 0.22 4743 51.3% 0.50 1733 52.8% 0.50 1282 51.0% 0.50 1728 50.0% 0.50 24.6% 25.2% 29.0% 20.6% 3.8% -4.6%l02m F el Decisions: Schooling of girl child 4595 68.9% 0.46 1741 70.7% 0.46 1154 70.0% 0.46 1700 66.4% 0.47 4651 6.0% 0.24 1743 5.6% 0.23 1197 6.4% 0.25 1711 6.0% 0.24 4743 57.6% 0.49 1733 57.6% 0.49 1282 58.1% 0.49 1728 57.1% 0.50 19.6% 22.7% 20.5% 16.3% -2.3% -6.5%l02n F el Decisions: Health care of boy child 4595 72.3% 0.45 1741 74.0% 0.44 1154 72.7% 0.45 1700 70.2% 0.46 4651 6.2% 0.24 1743 5.8% 0.23 1197 6.5% 0.25 1711 6.4% 0.25 4743 63.0% 0.48 1733 66.8% 0.47 1282 62.7% 0.48 1728 59.5% 0.49 14.8% 10.8% 15.9% 18.0% 5.2% 7.2%l02o F el Decisions: Health care of girl child 4595 76.7% 0.42 1741 79.5% 0.40 1154 76.7% 0.42 1700 73.9% 0.44 4651 72.2% 0.45 1743 74.3% 0.44 1197 74.2% 0.44 1711 68.7% 0.46 4743 67.8% 0.47 1733 69.1% 0.46 1282 67.6% 0.47 1728 66.6% 0.47 13.1% 15.1% 13.5% 11.0% -1.6% -4.1%l02p F el Decisions: Health care 4595 78.5% 0.41 1741 79.3% 0.41 1154 76.6% 0.42 1700 78.8% 0.41 4651 72.5% 0.45 1743 72.1% 0.45 1197 76.4% 0.43 1711 70.1% 0.46 4743 73.7% 0.44 1733 74.6% 0.44 1282 75.1% 0.43 1728 71.8% 0.45 6.5% 6.3% 2.0% 9.7% -4.3% 3.4%Perc dec ~el WEAI: Women's participation in HH decisions (% of decisions) 4595 65.2% 0.29 1741 65.6% 0.29 1154 65.3% 0.29 1700 64.7% 0.30 4651 24.3% 0.19 1743 24.4% 0.18 1197 25.0% 0.19 1711 23.8% 0.19 4743 55.1% 0.31 1733 55.7% 0.30 1282 55.9% 0.31 1728 53.8% 0.31 18.3% 17.8% 16.8% 20.3% -1.0% 2.5%Food Security Food Securityfoodsec~e el Degree of food insecurity (scale of 0-18) 4595 7.8 4.92 1741 6.8 4.90 1154 8.1 4.55 1700 8.6 5.01 4651 8.5 5.24 1743 7.2 5.52 1197 9.3 4.96 1711 9.2 4.86 4743 6.4 5.19 1733 5.0 4.93 1282 7.1 5.16 1728 7.5 5.14 20.5% 35.8% 15.1% 14.6% -20.6% -21.2%foodsec~L el Degree of food insecurity (scale of 0-27) 4595 11.7 6.98 1741 10.2 6.94 1154 12.2 6.38 1700 12.7 7.17 4651 12.9 7.42 1743 11.0 7.93 1197 14.1 6.94 1711 14.0 6.79 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/alimitvar el Ate limited variety of foods for lack of resources (frequency scale 0-3) 4592 1.7 1.19 1741 1.5 1.23 1151 1.8 1.14 1700 1.9 1.16 4651 1.7 1.21 1743 1.4 1.23 1197 1.8 1.18 1711 1.9 1.16 4743 1.4 1.30 1733 1.1 1.29 1282 1.5 1.27 1728 1.5 1.29 25.9% 37.1% 15.2% 25.8% -21.8% -11.2%noeat el Went a full day without eating for lack of food (frequency scale 0-3) 4590 0.4 0.81 1741 0.3 0.73 1151 0.4 0.78 1698 0.5 0.89 4651 0.7 1.00 1743 0.6 0.97 1197 0.8 1.02 1711 0.7 1.00 4743 0.4 0.79 1733 0.3 0.67 1282 0.4 0.82 1728 0.5 0.86 9.4% 34.1% 1.5% 2.4% -32.6% -31.7%badfood el Ate some undesired foods for lack of resources (frequency scale 0-3) 4590 1.6 1.22 1739 1.5 1.24 1154 1.7 1.17 1697 1.8 1.20 4651 1.6 1.22 1743 1.4 1.22 1197 1.8 1.20 1711 1.8 1.19 4743 1.4 1.27 1733 1.2 1.28 1282 1.6 1.24 1728 1.6 1.24 14.8% 26.2% 8.6% 11.7% -17.6% -14.5%eatless el Ate less than needed for lack of food (frequency scale 0-3) 4592 1.7 1.17 1739 1.5 1.20 1154 1.8 1.11 1699 1.8 1.16 4651 1.8 1.16 1743 1.5 1.20 1197 1.9 1.11 1711 1.9 1.11 4743 1.3 1.24 1733 1.1 1.23 1282 1.4 1.21 1728 1.5 1.21 24.3% 37.4% 22.7% 16.8% -14.7% -20.6%fewmeals el Ate fewer meals for lack of food (frequency scale 0-3) 4591 1.5 1.17 1740 1.3 1.18 1152 1.6 1.12 1699 1.6 1.18 4651 1.7 1.15 1743 1.4 1.20 1197 1.8 1.09 1711 1.9 1.08 4743 1.2 1.19 1733 0.9 1.16 1282 1.3 1.18 1728 1.5 1.18 24.0% 43.4% 23.7% 13.2% -19.7% -30.2%sleephung~el Went to sleep hungry for lack of food (frequency scale 0-3) 4591 0.8 0.97 1741 0.7 0.91 1152 0.9 0.96 1698 0.9 1.02 4651 1.0 1.06 1743 0.9 1.04 1197 1.3 1.06 1711 1.1 1.06 4743 0.7 0.97 1733 0.5 0.85 1282 0.8 1.01 1728 0.9 1.01 15.2% 40.1% 8.3% 6.6% -31.8% -33.5%worry el Worried would not have enough food (frequency scale 0-3) 4589 1.5 1.16 1737 1.4 1.15 1154 1.7 1.12 1698 1.6 1.18 4651 1.7 1.15 1743 1.5 1.19 1197 1.9 1.07 1711 1.8 1.14 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/anonprefer el Unable to eat preferred types of food (frequency scale 0-3) 4594 1.8 1.09 1740 1.6 1.13 1154 1.8 1.02 1700 1.9 1.08 4651 1.8 1.10 1743 1.6 1.17 1197 1.9 1.03 1711 2.0 1.03 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/anofoodinh~el Have ever had no food of any kind in household (frequency scale 0-3) 4591 0.6 0.93 1740 0.5 0.88 1152 0.6 0.86 1699 0.7 0.99 4651 0.9 1.06 1743 0.7 1.05 1197 1.0 1.07 1711 0.9 1.06 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/aNutrition Nutritionexclusbf el Child 0-5 mo is exclusively breast fed 257 82.9% 0.38 110 77.3% 0.42 59 93.2% 0.25 88 83.0% 0.38 247 86.6% 0.34 102 82.4% 0.38 66 92.4% 0.27 79 87.3% 0.34 336 84.2% 0.37 124 77.4% 0.42 100 93.0% 0.26 112 83.9% 0.37 -1.5% -0.1% 0.2% -1.1% 0.3% -0.9%breastfed~el Child 6-23 months is breast fed 783 91.4% 0.28 298 88.6% 0.32 202 92.1% 0.27 283 94.0% 0.24 805 94.7% 0.23 286 92.3% 0.27 199 97.0% 0.17 320 95.3% 0.21 908 93.0% 0.26 329 90.6% 0.29 254 95.7% 0.20 325 93.2% 0.25 -1.7% -2.2% -3.8% 0.9% -1.6% 3.1%mad breas~el Meets min. acceptable diet for breastfed child 6-23 months 630 13.5% 0.34 231 13.9% 0.35 166 10.2% 0.30 233 15.5% 0.36 605 7.6% 0.27 206 12.1% 0.33 159 3.1% 0.18 240 6.7% 0.25 758 11.6% 0.32 265 18.9% 0.39 210 10.0% 0.30 283 6.0% 0.24 16.4% -26.5% 2.0% 157.9% 28.5% 184.4%mad nonbr~el Meets min. acceptable diet for non-breastfed child 6-23 months 61 3.3% 0.18 30 0.0% 0.00 15 0.0% 0.00 16 12.5% 0.34 29 10.3% 0.31 15 6.7% 0.26 5 20.0% 0.45 9 11.1% 0.33 54 0.0% 0.00 25 0.0% 0.00 9 0.0% 0.00 20 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.0%numfood~s el Number of food groups consumed yesterday (breastfed standard) 801 2.7 1.52 307 2.6 1.54 204 2.6 1.55 290 2.7 1.48 849 2.4 1.53 312 2.7 1.80 205 1.9 1.24 332 2.4 1.35 977 2.5 1.40 368 2.7 1.58 272 2.4 1.35 337 2.4 1.21 6.2% -2.7% 8.4% 15.2% 11.1% 17.9%grainroot el Ate grains/roots/tubers yesterday 801 80.0% 0.40 307 76.2% 0.43 204 78.9% 0.41 290 84.8% 0.36 849 74.8% 0.43 312 72.1% 0.45 205 73.2% 0.44 332 78.3% 0.41 977 75.2% 0.43 368 73.1% 0.44 272 75.0% 0.43 337 77.7% 0.42 6.4% 4.2% 5.2% 9.1% 1.0% 4.9%legume el Ate legumes yesterday 779 36.3% 0.48 296 27.7% 0.45 201 41.3% 0.49 282 41.8% 0.49 801 25.8% 0.44 284 32.0% 0.47 199 14.1% 0.35 318 27.7% 0.45 904 26.2% 0.44 327 23.9% 0.43 254 29.1% 0.46 323 26.3% 0.44 38.5% 15.9% 41.9% 58.9% 26.0% 43.0%dairy el Ate dairy yesterday 778 3.5% 0.18 296 4.1% 0.20 201 4.5% 0.21 281 2.1% 0.15 802 2.5% 0.16 284 3.9% 0.19 198 0.5% 0.07 320 2.5% 0.16 907 1.5% 0.12 328 3.1% 0.17 254 0.8% 0.09 325 0.6% 0.08 125.3% 32.8% 469.3% 248.0% 436.5% 215.2%meat el Ate meats/flesh foods yesterday 801 45.6% 0.50 307 53.1% 0.50 204 34.8% 0.48 290 45.2% 0.50 849 43.0% 0.50 312 51.9% 0.50 205 31.2% 0.47 332 41.9% 0.49 977 44.9% 0.50 368 57.6% 0.50 272 39.0% 0.49 337 35.9% 0.48 1.6% -7.8% -10.8% 25.9% -3.0% 33.7%egg el Ate egg yesterday 781 11.8% 0.32 297 10.1% 0.30 201 13.9% 0.35 283 12.0% 0.33 794 11.0% 0.31 280 16.1% 0.37 198 4.6% 0.21 316 10.4% 0.31 906 8.4% 0.28 328 12.8% 0.34 254 6.3% 0.24 324 5.6% 0.23 40.6% -21.1% 120.6% 115.8% 141.7% 136.9%vita el Ate vitamin A-rich foods (e.g. leafy greens, orange fruits/vegetables) yesterday 801 71.4% 0.45 307 69.7% 0.46 204 72.5% 0.45 290 72.4% 0.45 849 64.4% 0.48 312 65.1% 0.48 205 61.0% 0.49 332 66.0% 0.48 977 80.3% 0.40 368 78.8% 0.41 272 80.5% 0.40 337 81.9% 0.39 -11.1% -11.5% -9.9% -11.6% 1.6% -0.1%fruitveg el Ate other fruits or vegetables yesterday 778 19.8% 0.40 296 24.0% 0.43 201 17.4% 0.38 281 17.1% 0.38 800 19.9% 0.40 283 37.1% 0.48 199 10.1% 0.30 318 10.7% 0.31 905 18.2% 0.39 327 28.1% 0.45 254 14.6% 0.35 324 11% 0.32 8.8% -14.6% 19.2% 54.1% 33.8% 68.6%nummeals el Number of feedings of solid or semi-solid food 785 2.2 1.30 299 2.2 1.44 202 2.2 1.25 284 2.1 1.19 811 2.0 1.30 291 2.0 1.18 199 2.0 1.54 321 2.1 1.24 912 2.2 1.48 333 2.5 1.55 254 2.3 1.64 325 1.9 1.17 -2.3% -12.0% -3.5% 11.7% 8.5% 23.6%numilks n~el Number of feedings of formula or milk (non-breastmilk) among non-breastfed child 67 0.9 2.48 34 0.7 1.78 16 0.2 0.75 17 2.0 4.05 43 1.4 2.94 22 2.0 3.66 6 1.2 2.86 15 0.5 1.13 64 0.4 1.33 31 0.4 1.28 11 0.9 2.21 22 0.1 0.64 132.7% 82.4% -79.3% 1370.6% -161.7% 1288.2%numilks b~el Number of feedings of formula or milk (non-breastmilk) among breastfed children 715 6.5 1.55 263 6.3 1.83 186 6.8 1.02 266 6.6 1.52 762 6.4 1.99 264 6.3 2.65 193 6.6 1.23 305 6.3 1.68 844 6.6 1.29 298 6.7 1.33 243 6.7 1.17 303 6.5 1.34 -1.7% -5.9% 0.8% 0.7% 6.7% 6.6%atesoy el Main woman in HH ate soy yesterday 4465 7.6% 0.27 1661 10.0% 0.30 1129 5.3% 0.22 1675 6.8% 0.25 4536 9.4% 0.29 1670 9.7% 0.30 1182 4.2% 0.20 1684 12.6% 0.33 4688 6.2% 0.24 1704 8.3% 0.28 1269 4.3% 0.20 1715 5.6% 0.23 21.8% 20.8% 22.6% 20.5% 1.8% -0.3%ategn el Main woman in HH ate groundnuts yesterday 4460 24.8% 0.43 1656 22.9% 0.42 1130 29.5% 0.46 1674 23.6% 0.43 4531 17.9% 0.38 1669 17.6% 0.38 1180 16.8% 0.37 1682 19.0% 0.39 4682 22.5% 0.42 1699 22.2% 0.42 1268 21.5% 0.41 1715 23.5% 0.42 10.2% 3.2% 37.2% 0.4% 34.1% -2.7%Health Healthu5 mort el Child <5 in HH died in past 12 months 4588 3.6% 0.19 1737 3.3% 0.18 1152 4.2% 0.20 1699 3.6% 0.19 4651 3.9% 0.19 1743 3.6% 0.19 1197 3.8% 0.19 1711 4.2% 0.20 4739 4.5% 0.21 1732 3.6% 0.19 1281 4.8% 0.22 1726 5.1% 0.22 -19.4% -9.9% -13.8% -29.6% -4.0% -19.7%bednetu5 el Reported all children <5 sleep under bednets 2748 75.3% 0.43 1087 71.2% 0.45 682 79.3% 0.41 979 77.0% 0.42 3042 82.3% 0.38 1159 80.2% 0.40 780 83.2% 0.37 1103 84.0% 0.37 3042 67.9% 0.47 1100 72.1% 0.45 841 61.2% 0.49 1101 68.9% 0.46 10.9% -1.2% 29.6% 11.8% 30.8% 13.0%nobednetu~el Reported no children <5 sleep under bednets 2748 15.2% 0.36 1087 19.0% 0.39 682 12.2% 0.33 979 13.1% 0.34 3042 12.0% 0.33 1159 14.8% 0.36 780 8.2% 0.28 1103 11.6% 0.32 3042 25.3% 0.44 1100 23.1% 0.42 841 30.2% 0.46 1101 23.8% 0.43 -39.9% -17.7% -59.6% -45.0% -41.9% -27.2%m60 el Utilization: Public hospital/clinic 4595 87.5% 0.33 1741 89.7% 0.31 1154 89.2% 0.31 1700 84.1% 0.37 4651 84.6% 0.36 1743 84.3% 0.36 1197 86.0% 0.35 1711 83.8% 0.37 4743 79.7% 0.40 1733 80.6% 0.40 1282 79.0% 0.41 1728 79.4% 0.41 9.8% 11.3% 12.9% 5.9% 1.6% -5.4%min2clini~el Reported travel time to closest clinic (minutes) 4576 89.3 63.03 1733 84.8 61.30 1148 104.9 64.94 1695 83.4 61.74 4633 95.9 66.16 1735 97.3 72.77 1192 102.0 57.42 1706 90.1 64.36 4699 97.6 70.77 1715 99.9 75.93 1267 107.9 66.96 1717 87.7 66.80 -8.5% -15.2% -2.8% -4.9% 12.4% 10.3%waitatcli~el Reported waiting time at health center/hospital at last visit (minutes) 4009 128.9 106.50 1555 129.4 108.50 1027 115.4 95.44 1427 138.0 110.90 3929 132.5 108.30 1467 121.3 110.40 1029 135.3 102.20 1433 142.1 109.50 3758 117.4 101.50 1386 107.6 99.89 1004 127.2 107.30 1368 120.1 97.77 9.8% 20.3% -9.3% 14.9% -29.5% -5.4%care4kids el Takes child to hospital, health center, or clinic if child needs medical care 4450 97.1% 0.17 1687 96.3% 0.19 1117 98.1% 0.14 1646 97.3% 0.16 4468 96.3% 0.19 1677 95.0% 0.22 1150 97.5% 0.16 1641 96.8% 0.18 4428 94.5% 0.23 1609 95.2% 0.22 1204 94.8% 0.22 1615 93.6% 0.24 2.8% 1.2% 3.5% 4.0% 2.3% 2.8% taking child to Reasons for not taking child to clinic when needed:

nous Can't afford transportation costs 86 24.4% 0.43 33 39.4% 0.50 15 20.0% 0.41 38 13.2% 0.34 73 31.5% 0.47 33 39.4% 0.50 15 33.3% 0.49 25 20.0% 0.41 108 17.6% 0.38 29 20.7% 0.41 18 27.8% 0.46 61 13.1% 0.34 38.6% 90.3% -28.1% 0.8% -118.4% -89.6%nous Too far 86 73.3% 0.45 33 72.7% 0.45 15 93.3% 0.26 38 65.8% 0.48 73 53.4% 0.50 33 63.6% 0.49 15 46.7% 0.52 25 44.0% 0.51 108 64.8% 0.48 29 69.0% 0.47 18 66.7% 0.49 61 62.3% 0.49 13.1% 5.4% 39.9% 5.6% 34.5% 0.3%nous Hard to get there 86 7.0% 0.26 33 0.0% 0.00 15 33.3% 0.49 38 2.6% 0.16 73 4.1% 0.20 33 0.0% 0.00 15 6.7% 0.26 25 8.0% 0.28 108 3.7% 0.19 29 10.3% 0.31 18 0.0% 0.00 61 1.6% 0.13 88.6% -100.0% 60.4% 160.4%nous Use traditional healing 86 2.3% 0.15 33 0.0% 0.00 15 0.0% 0.00 38 5.3% 0.23 73 2.7% 0.16 33 0.0% 0.00 15 6.7% 0.26 25 4.0% 0.20 108 1.9% 0.14 29 0.0% 0.00 18 5.6% 0.24 61 1.6% 0.13 25.9% -100.0% 220.7%nous Religious reasons 86 2.3% 0.15 33 3.0% 0.17 15 6.7% 0.26 38 0.0% 0.00 73 2.7% 0.16 33 0.0% 0.00 15 0.0% 0.00 25 8.0% 0.28 108 3.7% 0.19 29 3.5% 0.19 18 0.0% 0.00 61 4.9% 0.22 -37.0% -12.2% -100.0% -87.8%nous Can't afford clinic fees 86 26.7% 0.45 33 27.3% 0.45 15 6.7% 0.26 38 34.2% 0.48 73 32.9% 0.47 33 27.3% 0.45 15 20.0% 0.41 25 48.0% 0.51 108 25.9% 0.44 29 20.7% 0.41 18 5.6% 0.24 61 34.4% 0.48 3.1% 31.9% 20.0% -0.6% -11.9% -32.5%stock Affected by drug stockout in past 12 months 4001 71.0% 0.45 1557 73.6% 0.44 1020 68.2% 0.47 1424 70.1% 0.46 3923 71.6% 0.45 1470 74.0% 0.44 1029 68.3% 0.47 1424 71.6% 0.45 3752 65.5% 0.48 1377 61.1% 0.49 1009 62.2% 0.49 1366 72.5% 0.45 8.4% 20.5% 9.6% -3.3% -10.8% -23.8%k20 e Respondent received VCT in past 12 months 4591 71.7% 0.45 1739 70.8% 0.46 1152 73.6% 0.44 1700 71.3% 0.45 4640 67.4% 0.47 1739 72.8% 0.45 1193 65.3% 0.48 1708 63.4% 0.48 4738 61.3% 0.49 1728 62.9% 0.48 1282 57.8% 0.49 1728 62.3% 0.49 17.0% 12.6% 27.3% 14.4% 14.8% 1.9%vctfe Female respondent received VCT in past 12 months 2212 71.6% 0.45 779 69.6% 0.46 618 73.0% 0.44 815 72.5% 0.45 1558 64.1% 0.48 492 68.1% 0.47 468 61.5% 0.49 598 62.9% 0.48 3329 62.4% 0.48 1189 63.9% 0.48 905 59.7% 0.49 1235 63.0% 0.48 14.7% 8.9% 22.3% 15.1% 13.4% 6.2%vctm Male respondent received VCT in past 12 months 2099 70.7% 0.46 891 71.7% 0.45 439 72.7% 0.45 769 68.4% 0.47 1240 65.1% 0.48 533 71.5% 0.45 258 64.0% 0.48 449 58.1% 0.49 1409 58.6% 0.49 539 60.7% 0.49 377 53.3% 0.50 493 60.4% 0.49 20.6% 18.1% 36.4% 13.2% 18.3% -4.9%vctco Both partners received VCT in past 12 months 2620 84.4% 0.36 996 83.3% 0.37 666 84.7% 0.36 958 85.2% 0.36 2584 78.9% 0.41 1035 79.0% 0.41 629 79.7% 0.40 920 78.3% 0.41 2429 80.5% 0.40 928 78.3% 0.41 606 82.2% 0.38 895 81.6% 0.39 4.8% 6.4% 3.0% 4.4% -3.3% -2.0%

Service: Location of VCT Service:vct g Government hospital 2206 25.0% 0.43 827 41.6% 0.49 564 10.8% 0.31 815 18.0% 0.39 2022 20.5% 0.40 808 29.8% 0.46 498 13.7% 0.34 716 14.7% 0.35 1942 16.2% 0.37 718 23.8% 0.43 498 12.0% 0.33 726 11.4% 0.32 54.3% 74.8% -10.0% 57.9% -84.8% -16.9%vct g Government health center 2206 57.2% 0.50 827 41.2% 0.49 564 75.5% 0.43 815 60.7% 0.49 2022 59.4% 0.49 808 48.9% 0.50 498 70.7% 0.46 716 63.5% 0.48 1942 58.2% 0.49 718 47.1% 0.50 498 65.5% 0.48 726 64.3% 0.48 -1.7% -12.5% 15.3% -5.6% 27.8% 6.9%vct g Government health post 2206 0.7% 0.08 827 0.7% 0.08 564 0.9% 0.09 815 0.6% 0.08 2022 2.7% 0.16 808 3.0% 0.17 498 3.2% 0.18 716 2.1% 0.14 1942 3.1% 0.17 718 3.3% 0.18 498 4.0% 0.20 726 2.2% 0.15 -76.5% -78.3% -77.9% -72.1% 0.3% 6.1%vct h HSA 2206 3.0% 0.17 827 2.1% 0.14 564 2.1% 0.14 815 4.5% 0.21 2022 2.3% 0.15 808 3.1% 0.17 498 2.2% 0.15 716 1.5% 0.12 1942 3.6% 0.19 718 5.0% 0.22 498 2.6% 0.16 726 2.9% 0.17 -16.9% -58.9% -18.4% 57.1% 40.5% 116.0%

49 currently Woman age 15-49 currently uses:usec Any contraceptives 2633 73.0% 0.44 960 75.4% 0.43 661 69.4% 0.46 1012 72.9% 0.45 2996 69.4% 0.46 1096 69.2% 0.46 739 68.1% 0.47 1161 70.5% 0.46 3200 61.6% 0.49 1155 57.8% 0.49 838 60.6% 0.49 1207 65.9% 0.47 18.5% 30.4% 14.5% 10.6% -15.9% -19.8%tradc Traditional contraceptive (withdrawal, periodic abstinence) 2631 0.8% 0.09 960 1.0% 0.10 661 0.8% 0.09 1010 0.7% 0.08 2992 0.6% 0.08 1094 0.6% 0.08 738 0.8% 0.09 1160 0.3% 0.06 3191 0.7% 0.08 1153 0.8% 0.09 834 0.6% 0.08 1204 0.7% 0.09 16.0% 33.2% 26.0% -7.4% -7.2% -40.5%mode Modern contraceptives 2631 71.9% 0.45 960 74.1% 0.44 661 68.1% 0.47 1010 72.3% 0.45 2992 68.4% 0.47 1094 68.3% 0.47 738 66.8% 0.47 1160 69.5% 0.46 3191 60.5% 0.49 1153 56.9% 0.50 834 59.1% 0.49 1204 64.8% 0.48 18.8% 30.2% 15.2% 11.6% -15.0% -18.7%usec Woman age 15-49 currently uses contraceptive (among married) 2470 74.4% 0.44 931 75.9% 0.43 606 71.6% 0.45 933 74.7% 0.44 2845 70.7% 0.46 1065 69.9% 0.46 681 70.3% 0.46 1099 71.8% 0.45 2841 64.5% 0.48 1069 60.1% 0.49 736 64.0% 0.48 1036 69.5% 0.46 15.3% 26.3% 11.9% 7.5% -14.4% -18.8%usec Woman age 15-49 currently uses contraceptive (among non-married) 163 50.9% 0.50 29 58.6% 0.50 55 45.5% 0.50 79 51.9% 0.50 151 44.4% 0.50 31 45.2% 0.51 58 41.4% 0.50 62 46.8% 0.50 351 39.0% 0.49 82 31.7% 0.47 100 37.0% 0.49 169 43.8% 0.50 30.5% 84.9% 23.0% 18.5% -61.9% -66.4%

Type of contrace Type of contraception used:fema Contraceptive = female sterilization 2313 14.3% 0.35 919 13.4% 0.34 535 9.7% 0.30 859 18.2% 0.39 2992 8.9% 0.29 1094 8.8% 0.28 738 5.3% 0.22 1160 11.3% 0.32 3191 6.4% 0.25 1153 6.1% 0.24 834 4.3% 0.20 1204 8.2% 0.28 122.7% 120.8% 125.0% 121.4% 4.2% 0.7%male Contraceptive = male sterilization 2313 0.4% 0.06 919 0.3% 0.06 535 0.4% 0.06 859 0.5% 0.07 2992 0.1% 0.03 1094 0.2% 0.04 738 0.1% 0.04 1160 0.0% 0.00 3191 0.2% 0.04 1153 0.1% 0.03 834 0.1% 0.03 1204 0.2% 0.05 147.8% 276.0% 211.7% 87.1% -64.3% -188.9%thepi Contraceptive = birth control pill 2313 2.8% 0.17 919 3.3% 0.18 535 3.4% 0.18 859 2.0% 0.14 2992 2.0% 0.14 1094 1.9% 0.14 738 1.8% 0.13 1160 2.2% 0.15 3191 2.1% 0.14 1153 1.7% 0.13 834 1.9% 0.14 1204 2.7% 0.16 33.8% 97.6% 75.0% -25.6% -22.6% -123.1%iud e Contraceptive = IUD 2313 3.9% 0.19 919 4.2% 0.20 535 3.9% 0.19 859 3.6% 0.19 2992 2.9% 0.17 1094 1.3% 0.11 738 5.3% 0.22 1160 2.8% 0.17 3191 2.3% 0.15 1153 2.3% 0.15 834 3.0% 0.17 1204 1.8% 0.13 71.6% 88.4% 31.0% 97.3% -57.4% 8.8%injec Contraceptive = injectables 2313 51.9% 0.50 919 46.4% 0.50 535 62.4% 0.49 859 51.3% 0.50 2992 39.0% 0.49 1094 35.3% 0.48 738 44.2% 0.50 1160 39.2% 0.49 3191 36.7% 0.48 1153 31.7% 0.47 834 38.8% 0.49 1204 39.9% 0.49 41.4% 46.4% 60.8% 28.6% 14.5% -17.8%impla Contraceptive = implants/norplant 2313 20.0% 0.40 919 23.4% 0.42 535 13.5% 0.34 859 20.4% 0.40 2992 12.6% 0.33 1094 15.3% 0.36 738 9.8% 0.30 1160 11.8% 0.32 3191 8.3% 0.28 1153 10.1% 0.30 834 7.1% 0.26 1204 7.4% 0.26 141.0% 131.7% 90.9% 176.0% -40.7% 44.4%male Contraceptive = male condom 2313 10.5% 0.31 919 16.1% 0.37 535 9.2% 0.29 859 5.5% 0.23 2992 5.1% 0.22 1094 6.7% 0.25 738 3.9% 0.19 1160 4.3% 0.20 3191 7.6% 0.27 1153 9.9% 0.30 834 6.2% 0.24 1204 6.3% 0.24 38.5% 62.8% 46.8% -13.3% -16.0% -76.1%fema Contraceptive = female condom 2313 1.5% 0.12 919 2.7% 0.16 535 0.4% 0.06 859 0.8% 0.09 2992 1.4% 0.12 1094 1.3% 0.11 738 1.2% 0.11 1160 1.6% 0.13 3191 1.4% 0.12 1153 1.7% 0.13 834 1.0% 0.10 1204 1.5% 0.12 4.3% 64.8% -61.0% -45.7% -125.8% -110.5%

contraception Last obtained contraception at:contr Government hospital 1913 21.4% 0.41 719 36.4% 0.48 455 9.5% 0.29 739 14.1% 0.35 2050 16.5% 0.37 749 25.8% 0.44 495 10.3% 0.30 806 11.7% 0.32 1948 14.1% 0.35 657 21.0% 0.41 499 10.8% 0.31 792 10.4% 0.31 51.8% 73.3% -12.5% 35.6% -85.8% -37.8%contr Government health center 1913 52.9% 0.50 719 40.9% 0.49 455 62.6% 0.48 739 58.6% 0.49 2050 59.6% 0.49 749 50.6% 0.50 495 64.0% 0.48 806 65.3% 0.48 1948 57.9% 0.49 657 49.8% 0.50 499 64.5% 0.48 792 60.4% 0.49 -8.6% -17.9% -2.9% -3.0% 14.9% 14.9%contr Government health post 1913 1.4% 0.12 719 0.7% 0.08 455 2.2% 0.15 739 1.6% 0.13 2050 2.3% 0.15 749 2.4% 0.15 495 3.2% 0.18 806 1.6% 0.13 1948 3.2% 0.18 657 2.6% 0.16 499 4.6% 0.21 792 2.9% 0.17 -56.3% -73.2% -52.3% -44.1% 20.9% 29.0%contr HSA 1913 9.0% 0.29 719 6.4% 0.25 455 13.4% 0.34 739 8.9% 0.29 2050 8.8% 0.28 749 7.7% 0.27 495 13.7% 0.35 806 6.7% 0.25 1948 11.2% 0.32 657 11.6% 0.32 499 13.4% 0.34 792 9.6% 0.30 -19.3% -44.8% 0.0% -7.0% 44.8% 37.8%

Frequently expe Frequently experienced problems with public health facilities in past 12 months:m70a Services are too expensive/unable to pay 3999 4.0% 0.20 1551 3.0% 0.17 1021 5.0% 0.22 1427 4.3% 0.20 3918 5.2% 0.22 1464 4.2% 0.20 1028 2.1% 0.15 1426 8.4% 0.28 3719 3.0% 0.17 1356 2.6% 0.16 999 2.5% 0.16 1364 3.7% 0.19 33.6% 15.1% 100.0% 16.0% 84.9% 0.9%m70b Lack of medicine or other supplies 4001 37.1% 0.48 1557 41.5% 0.49 1020 30.6% 0.46 1424 37.0% 0.48 3923 38.1% 0.49 1470 43.9% 0.50 1029 29.5% 0.46 1424 38.3% 0.49 3752 30.4% 0.46 1377 30.0% 0.46 1009 26.2% 0.44 1366 33.9% 0.47 22.0% 38.3% 16.8% 9.1% -21.5% -29.2%m70c Lack of attention or respect from staff 3998 28.3% 0.45 1552 28.4% 0.45 1022 25.7% 0.44 1424 29.9% 0.46 3919 27.2% 0.45 1466 28.5% 0.45 1028 23.6% 0.43 1425 28.5% 0.45 3742 25.7% 0.44 1366 24.5% 0.43 1008 24.5% 0.43 1368 27.8% 0.45 10.1% 15.9% 4.9% 7.6% -11.0% -8.4%m70d Absent doctors 3966 12.5% 0.33 1554 14.4% 0.35 1004 8.6% 0.28 1408 13.3% 0.34 3865 13.3% 0.34 1457 14.1% 0.35 1010 9.4% 0.29 1398 15.2% 0.36 3696 11.6% 0.32 1336 10.6% 0.31 996 10.5% 0.31 1364 13.4% 0.34 7.8% 35.8% -18.4% -0.7% -54.2% -36.6%m70e Long waiting time 4008 49.3% 0.50 1560 51.0% 0.50 1023 46.3% 0.50 1425 49.6% 0.50 3922 50.9% 0.50 1468 51.9% 0.50 1028 47.4% 0.50 1426 52.5% 0.50 3758 41.5% 0.49 1378 40.9% 0.49 1009 41.5% 0.49 1371 42.0% 0.49 18.8% 24.7% 11.6% 18.1% -13.1% -6.6%m70f Dirty facilities 3976 12.7% 0.33 1554 19.6% 0.40 1003 4.4% 0.21 1419 11.1% 0.32 3872 10.1% 0.30 1452 13.8% 0.35 1011 6.1% 0.24 1409 9.2% 0.29 3718 7.4% 0.26 1342 9.1% 0.29 1005 4.3% 0.20 1371 8.0% 0.27 72.3% 115.6% 2.6% 39.6% -113.1% -76.0%

Environment Environmentj21 el Has heard of climate change 4595 88.1% 0.32 1741 89.8% 0.30 1154 87.7% 0.33 1700 86.6% 0.34 4651 79.7% 0.40 1743 81.6% 0.39 1197 79.1% 0.41 1711 78.2% 0.41 4743 73.8% 0.44 1733 73.2% 0.44 1282 72.1% 0.45 1728 75.8% 0.43 19.4% 22.7% 21.6% 14.2% -1.0% -8.4%plantedtr~el Planted trees in past year 4595 46.8% 0.50 1741 40.0% 0.49 1154 48.8% 0.50 1700 52.4% 0.50 4651 39.7% 0.49 1743 36.4% 0.48 1197 34.1% 0.47 1711 47.0% 0.50 4743 27.6% 0.45 1733 24.4% 0.43 1282 25.2% 0.43 1728 32.8% 0.47 69.6% 63.9% 93.7% 59.8% 29.7% -4.2%Believes climate Believes climate change can be mitigated by:

dk cl Don't know how to prepare for climate change 4595 20.1% 0.40 1741 20.1% 0.40 1154 14.9% 0.36 1700 23.6% 0.43 4650 27.1% 0.45 1742 28.1% 0.45 1197 27.3% 0.45 1711 25.9% 0.44 4739 35.5% 0.48 1730 37.6% 0.49 1281 34.8% 0.48 1728 33.9% 0.47 -43.4% -46.5% -57.2% -30.4% -10.6% 16.2%clim Planting trees 4595 69.1% 0.46 1741 67.6% 0.47 1154 77.6% 0.42 1700 64.9% 0.48 4649 56.9% 0.50 1742 53.6% 0.50 1196 61.9% 0.49 1711 56.9% 0.50 4743 52.3% 0.50 1733 47.0% 0.50 1282 54.2% 0.50 1728 56.1% 0.50 32.1% 43.8% 43.2% 15.7% -0.7% -28.1%clim Using less trees/wood 4595 7.2% 0.26 1741 10.1% 0.30 1154 6.2% 0.24 1700 5.0% 0.22 4649 4.3% 0.20 1742 4.3% 0.20 1196 7.0% 0.26 1711 2.5% 0.16 4743 5.0% 0.22 1733 5.6% 0.23 1282 6.8% 0.25 1728 3.1% 0.17 44.6% 80.4% -9.4% 62.9% -89.8% -17.5%clim Using improved cookstoves 4595 1.0% 0.10 1741 1.3% 0.11 1154 1.7% 0.13 1700 0.4% 0.06 4650 1.0% 0.10 1742 0.7% 0.08 1197 0.8% 0.09 1711 1.5% 0.12 4743 1.1% 0.11 1733 1.7% 0.13 1282 1.4% 0.12 1728 0.4% 0.06 -8.8% -24.6% 17.9% 1.7% 42.4% 26.3%clim Using community woodlot 4595 1.9% 0.14 1741 2.1% 0.14 1154 2.2% 0.15 1700 1.4% 0.12 4650 1.5% 0.12 1742 0.7% 0.09 1197 1.3% 0.12 1711 2.5% 0.16 4743 1.5% 0.12 1733 1.9% 0.14 1282 1.6% 0.13 1728 1.0% 0.10 23.3% 15.1% 32.3% 29.8% 17.2% 14.7%clim Better forest management 4595 10.4% 0.31 1741 12.9% 0.34 1154 9.0% 0.29 1700 8.9% 0.29 4650 6.5% 0.25 1742 6.5% 0.25 1197 7.1% 0.26 1711 6.1% 0.24 4743 7.1% 0.26 1733 8.0% 0.27 1282 8.2% 0.27 1728 5.4% 0.23 46.3% 60.8% 10.0% 65.1% -50.8% 4.2%clim Water conservation 4595 9.6% 0.29 1741 7.8% 0.27 1154 12.2% 0.33 1700 9.6% 0.30 4649 6.7% 0.25 1742 4.7% 0.21 1196 6.2% 0.24 1711 9.1% 0.29 4743 4.7% 0.21 1733 4.9% 0.22 1282 3.8% 0.19 1728 5.2% 0.22 104.1% 59.8% 219.4% 86.2% 159.6% 26.4%usefo Household gathers materials from forest (e.g. wood, fruit) 4595 84.1% 0.37 1741 85.2% 0.36 1154 87.9% 0.33 1700 80.4% 0.40 4651 74.5% 0.44 1743 68.6% 0.46 1197 80.7% 0.40 1711 76.2% 0.43 4743 64.6% 0.48 1733 63.4% 0.48 1282 70.4% 0.46 1728 61.5% 0.49 30.2% 34.4% 24.9% 30.7% -9.5% -3.7%wood Wood/timber is important source of income 4595 10.5% 0.31 1741 14.1% 0.35 1154 5.7% 0.23 1700 10.1% 0.30 4651 10.9% 0.31 1743 11.8% 0.32 1197 8.9% 0.29 1711 11.3% 0.32 4743 7.2% 0.26 1733 7.6% 0.27 1282 5.8% 0.23 1728 7.9% 0.27 45.6% 85.0% -0.9% 28.3% -85.9% -56.7%fishin Income derived from fish sales last month (among full sample) 4595 1169.0 12051.00 1741 2748.0 18845.00 1154 84.1 1865.00 1700 287.1 4740.00 4651 1529.0 17799.00 1743 3348.0 27366.00 1197 400.3 6415.00 1711 466.0 8024.00 4743 1834.0 20807.00 1733 4519.0 34020.00 1282 387.5 3593.00 1728 214.6 2653.00 -36.3% -39.2% -78.3% 33.8% -39.1% 73.0%fishin Income derived from fish sales last month (among those who fished) 208 25818.0 50828.00 179 26732.0 53168.00 9 10778.0 19279.00 20 24400.0 37278.00 212 33546.0 76828.00 152 38390.0 85356.00 20 23955.0 44679.00 40 19934.0 49244.00 280 31070.0 80292.00 200 39160.0 93327.00 34 14609.0 16942.00 46 8062.0 14334.00 -16.9% -31.7% -26.2% 202.7% 5.5% 234.4%erosi Experienced loss or severe reduction of arable land due to erosion in past year 4595 49.5% 0.50 1741 60.7% 0.49 1154 41.1% 0.49 1700 43.8% 0.50 4651 54.0% 0.50 1743 56.9% 0.50 1197 50.9% 0.50 1711 53.3% 0.50 4743 39.5% 0.49 1733 43.3% 0.50 1282 36.6% 0.48 1728 37.8% 0.49 25.3% 40.2% 12.3% 15.9% -27.9% -24.3%plant Respondent saw demonstrations in the past year related to planting or preservin 4595 44.3% 0.50 1741 36.2% 0.48 1154 47.7% 0.50 1700 50.4% 0.50 4651 42.2% 0.49 1743 36.6% 0.48 1197 37.4% 0.48 1711 51.3% 0.50 4743 31.0% 0.46 1733 27.5% 0.45 1282 25.7% 0.44 1728 38.3% 0.49 42.9% 31.6% 85.6% 31.6% 54.0% 0.0%anyc HH adopted measure in past year that may improve resiliency to climate change 4595 51.4% 0.50 1741 46.1% 0.50 1154 52.9% 0.50 1700 55.9% 0.50 4651 46.7% 0.50 1743 45.3% 0.50 1197 41.0% 0.49 1711 52.1% 0.50 4743 34.4% 0.48 1733 32.0% 0.47 1282 32.2% 0.47 1728 38.4% 0.49 49.4% 44.1% 64.3% 45.6% 20.2% 1.5%clima Changed ag practice in past year that may improve resiliency to climate change 4595 12.8% 0.33 1741 15.1% 0.36 1154 12.1% 0.33 1700 10.9% 0.31 4651 15.0% 0.36 1743 17.9% 0.38 1197 11.5% 0.32 1711 14.4% 0.35 4743 11.9% 0.32 1733 12.2% 0.33 1282 11.5% 0.32 1728 11.8% 0.32 7.6% 23.8% 5.2% -7.6% -18.6% -31.4%clima Changed water use in past year that may improve resiliency to climate change 4595 3.1% 0.17 1741 3.7% 0.19 1154 3.0% 0.17 1700 2.4% 0.15 4651 4.4% 0.20 1743 4.9% 0.22 1197 3.2% 0.18 1711 4.7% 0.21 4743 2.4% 0.15 1733 1.8% 0.13 1282 3.0% 0.17 1728 2.6% 0.16 27.1% 108.4% -0.3% -7.8% -108.7% -116.2%

Self-Reported W Self-Reported Well-Beingfin dissa~el Dissatisfied with financial situation 4590 59.1% 0.49 1739 54.9% 0.50 1154 64.4% 0.48 1697 59.9% 0.49 4636 58.1% 0.49 1740 53.7% 0.50 1195 60.0% 0.49 1701 61.1% 0.49 4733 51.3% 0.50 1729 46.0% 0.50 1278 52.2% 0.50 1726 56.0% 0.50 15.2% 19.3% 23.4% 7.0% 4.0% -12.4%democ dis~el Dissatisfied with Malawi democracy 4469 42.5% 0.49 1695 39.7% 0.49 1123 43.6% 0.50 1651 44.6% 0.50 4484 45.6% 0.50 1683 44.3% 0.50 1143 45.5% 0.50 1658 47.0% 0.50 4453 38.5% 0.49 1629 36.7% 0.48 1186 34.1% 0.47 1638 43.4% 0.50 10.4% 8.2% 27.9% 2.8% 19.7% -5.4%life diss~el Dissatisfied with life as a whole 4576 38.3% 0.49 1738 33.2% 0.47 1151 40.0% 0.49 1687 42.5% 0.49 4625 39.3% 0.49 1739 33.1% 0.47 1186 41.1% 0.49 1700 44.4% 0.50 4698 33.2% 0.47 1720 29.5% 0.46 1271 32.3% 0.47 1707 37.5% 0.48 15.4% 12.5% 23.8% 13.3% 11.3% 0.8%badhealth el General health of HH members is poor/fair 4592 69.0% 0.46 1741 67.7% 0.47 1154 71.0% 0.45 1697 68.9% 0.46 4646 66.9% 0.47 1743 61.4% 0.49 1193 70.6% 0.46 1710 70.0% 0.46 4736 53.7% 0.50 1730 49.8% 0.50 1281 58.9% 0.49 1725 53.6% 0.50 28.5% 35.9% 20.5% 28.5% -15.4% -7.4%dayslaidu~el Number of days out sick in past month 4595 4.0 6.17 1741 3.9 5.78 1154 3.5 6.02 1700 4.4 6.61 4651 4.5 6.74 1743 4.7 7.16 1197 4.3 6.45 1711 4.3 6.50 4743 3.7 6.10 1733 3.3 5.88 1282 3.8 6.36 1728 4.0 6.11 8.4% 20.2% -7.8% 9.7% -28.0% -10.5%insuf inc~el Income not sufficient to meet expenses 4583 38.8% 0.49 1739 41.3% 0.49 1151 25.2% 0.43 1693 45.6% 0.50 4625 43.2% 0.50 1742 46.0% 0.50 1184 38.7% 0.49 1699 43.5% 0.50 4718 41.9% 0.49 1728 37.4% 0.48 1278 42.3% 0.49 1712 46.0% 0.50 -7.4% 10.4% -40.4% -0.9% -50.9% -11.3%insuf foo~el Food not sufficient to meet needs 1082 100.0% 0.00 516 100.0% 0.00 201 100.0% 0.00 365 100.0% 0.00 4645 79.4% 0.40 1743 72.6% 0.45 1197 84.0% 0.37 1705 83.1% 0.38 4733 62.9% 0.48 1726 53.2% 0.50 1279 65.4% 0.48 1728 70.6% 0.46 59.0% 88.0% 52.9% 41.6% -35.1% -46.3%worrysecu~el Worry about security of things when away from home 4590 53.9% 0.50 1739 52.6% 0.50 1153 55.3% 0.50 1698 54.2% 0.50 4641 57.4% 0.49 1737 57.4% 0.50 1195 56.5% 0.50 1709 58.2% 0.49 4741 56.3% 0.50 1732 56.8% 0.50 1282 54.7% 0.50 1727 56.9% 0.50 -4.3% -7.4% 1.1% -4.7% 8.5% 2.6%helpincri~el Has someone to turn to in time of crisis 4595 28.1% 0.45 1741 33.1% 0.47 1154 23.7% 0.43 1700 25.9% 0.44 4651 26.2% 0.44 1743 35.6% 0.48 1197 16.5% 0.37 1711 23.4% 0.42 4743 27.2% 0.45 1733 32.6% 0.47 1282 24.9% 0.43 1728 23.5% 0.42 3.3% 1.5% -4.8% 10.2% -6.4% 8.7%d19 el Financial self ranking: today 4587 1.9 0.89 1739 2.0 0.90 1153 1.9 0.87 1695 1.9 0.90 4644 1.9 0.90 1742 2.0 0.95 1193 1.8 0.84 1709 1.8 0.86 4731 2.3 0.99 1727 2.5 1.02 1276 2.2 0.89 1728 2.1 0.98 -14.9% -20.2% -14.9% -8.8% 5.3% 11.4%d21 el Financial self ranking: last year 4584 1.8 0.91 1737 1.8 0.88 1153 1.8 0.92 1694 1.9 0.92 4638 1.8 0.92 1740 1.8 0.93 1191 1.8 0.90 1707 1.8 0.92 4720 2.0 0.99 1723 2.2 1.05 1273 2.0 0.89 1724 1.9 0.97 -10.4% -18.5% -7.6% -3.4% 10.8% 15.1%d20 el Financial ranking of others in village: today 4528 2.2 1.17 1725 2.5 1.22 1139 2.1 1.11 1664 2.0 1.09 4550 2.2 1.24 1716 2.5 1.30 1150 2.1 1.14 1684 2.0 1.19 4511 2.5 1.26 1646 2.9 1.26 1185 2.5 1.19 1680 2.3 1.24 -13.2% -12.5% -16.1% -12.9% -3.6% -0.3%expect fi~el Optimistic HH will be financially better off next year 4447 44.7% 0.50 1715 49.9% 0.50 1090 39.4% 0.49 1642 42.9% 0.50 4481 45.3% 0.50 1713 51.0% 0.50 1105 37.1% 0.48 1663 44.9% 0.50 4488 53.9% 0.50 1638 57.9% 0.49 1187 50.3% 0.50 1663 52.6% 0.50 -17.1% -13.8% -21.7% -18.4% -7.9% -4.6%incontrol el Believes personally able to control improvements to your 4595 72.5% 0.45 1741 78.4% 0.41 1154 71.5% 0.45 1700 67.2% 0.47 4651 69.1% 0.46 1743 72.3% 0.45 1197 65.2% 0.48 1711 68.6% 0.46 4743 70.0% 0.46 1733 71.4% 0.45 1282 71.5% 0.45 1728 67.4% 0.47 3.6% 9.8% 0.0% -0.3% -9.8% -10.1%financial~el Self-reported Financial Well Being Score 4378 1.9 0.73 1697 1.9 0.73 1077 1.8 0.70 1604 1.8 0.75 4357 2.0 0.73 1683 2.1 0.76 1057 1.9 0.68 1617 1.9 0.70 4260 2.2 0.81 1550 2.4 0.84 1105 2.2 0.75 1605 2.1 0.79 -16.5% -20.7% -18.0% -10.9% 2.7% 9.7%overallWB~el Self-reported Overall Well Being Score 4359 2.2 0.83 1692 2.3 0.81 1074 2.1 0.79 1593 2.2 0.86 4332 2.3 0.85 1677 2.4 0.89 1048 2.2 0.79 1607 2.2 0.83 4224 2.6 0.90 1539 2.9 0.90 1101 2.6 0.86 1584 2.5 0.88 -15.9% -18.2% -17.2% -12.8% 1.0% 5.4%Technology Use Technology Use 0.0% 0.0%n04 2 el Technology Use: Business info accessed by phone 3043 6.6% 0.25 1357 9.0% 0.29 624 5.5% 0.23 1062 4.1% 0.20 2507 7.7% 0.27 1173 8.4% 0.28 531 6.4% 0.25 803 7.4% 0.26 2340 8.9% 0.29 1080 10.4% 0.31 563 6.2% 0.24 697 8.9% 0.29 -26.4% -13.6% -12.4% -53.5% 1.2% -39.9%m118 2 el Technology Use: Public service info accessed by phone 3107 9.0% 0.29 1399 14.6% 0.35 632 3.8% 0.19 1076 4.9% 0.22 2558 5.1% 0.22 1200 5.8% 0.23 542 3.5% 0.18 816 5.3% 0.22 2340 5.3% 0.22 1080 6.1% 0.24 563 3.2% 0.18 697 5.7% 0.23 70.6% 139.0% 18.8% -14.1% -120.2% -153.1%m120 2 el Technology Use: Reported public service accessed info by phone 3107 2.5% 0.16 1399 3.8% 0.19 632 1.7% 0.13 1076 1.1% 0.11 2558 2.2% 0.15 1200 2.3% 0.15 542 2.2% 0.15 816 2.2% 0.15 2340 2.3% 0.15 1080 2.4% 0.15 563 2.3% 0.15 697 2.0% 0.14 8.4% 57.3% -24.7% -44.3% -81.9% -101.5%mobile us~el Technology Use: Use of phone for business or service info 3107 13.9% 0.35 1399 20.4% 0.40 632 8.9% 0.28 1076 8.4% 0.28 2558 12.0% 0.33 1200 12.8% 0.33 542 10.1% 0.30 816 12.3% 0.33 2339 13.4% 0.34 1080 14.7% 0.35 562 10.9% 0.31 697 13.3% 0.34 3.7% 38.8% -18.7% -37.1% -57.5% -75.9%Local Governme Local Government Engagement 0.0% 0.0%m34 el Aware of VDC? 4595 83.2% 0.37 1741 81.2% 0.39 1154 86.7% 0.34 1700 82.9% 0.38 4651 77.9% 0.42 1743 76.9% 0.42 1197 79.4% 0.41 1711 77.8% 0.42 4743 70.0% 0.46 1733 68.7% 0.46 1282 72.2% 0.45 1728 69.6% 0.46 18.9% 18.2% 20.1% 19.1% 1.9% 0.9%m36 el Know what VDC does 4595 58.5% 0.49 1741 54.6% 0.50 1154 61.8% 0.49 1700 60.2% 0.49 4651 54.8% 0.50 1743 54.8% 0.50 1197 51.0% 0.50 1711 57.5% 0.49 4743 47.1% 0.50 1733 44.9% 0.50 1282 47.1% 0.50 1728 49.4% 0.50 24.2% 21.6% 31.2% 21.9% 9.6% 0.3%m40 el Participation: In VDC meetings/activities 4595 43.0% 0.50 1741 38.2% 0.49 1154 48.8% 0.50 1700 44.1% 0.50 4651 42.4% 0.49 1743 36.2% 0.48 1197 42.9% 0.50 1711 48.5% 0.50 4743 37.4% 0.48 1733 31.5% 0.47 1282 43.1% 0.50 1728 39.1% 0.49 15.0% 21.3% 13.2% 12.8% -8.0% -8.5%m42 el Know what local government does 4595 53.6% 0.50 1741 55.3% 0.50 1154 54.0% 0.50 1700 51.8% 0.50 4651 49.6% 0.50 1743 49.6% 0.50 1197 47.8% 0.50 1711 51.0% 0.50 4743 44.8% 0.50 1733 44.6% 0.50 1282 45.5% 0.50 1728 44.4% 0.50 19.6% 24.0% 18.7% 16.7% -5.3% -7.3%m22 el Participation: Volunteered in last 6 months 4595 55.7% 0.50 1741 47.4% 0.50 1154 63.5% 0.48 1700 58.9% 0.49 4651 52.1% 0.50 1743 49.7% 0.50 1197 49.2% 0.50 1711 56.7% 0.50 4743 51.2% 0.50 1733 46.3% 0.50 1282 56.6% 0.50 1728 52.3% 0.50 8.8% 2.4% 12.2% 12.6% 9.8% 10.2%Utilized governm Utilized government services:m64 el Nutrition assistance 4595 8.4% 0.28 1741 7.5% 0.26 1154 12.4% 0.33 1700 6.8% 0.25 4651 13.2% 0.34 1743 10.2% 0.30 1197 9.4% 0.29 1711 18.9% 0.39 4743 6.1% 0.24 1733 7.9% 0.27 1282 5.6% 0.23 1728 4.7% 0.21 38.6% -4.8% 120.6% 44.1% 125.5% 49.0%m76 el Government run school feeding program 4595 27.5% 0.45 1741 22.9% 0.42 1154 46.0% 0.50 1700 19.6% 0.40 4651 17.2% 0.38 1743 11.0% 0.31 1197 31.9% 0.47 1711 13.3% 0.34 4743 12.2% 0.33 1733 13.3% 0.34 1282 15.8% 0.36 1728 8.5% 0.28 125.4% 72.2% 191.1% 130.3% 119.0% 58.1%m66 el Training related to agriculture 4595 16.9% 0.38 1741 17.6% 0.38 1154 16.2% 0.37 1700 16.6% 0.37 4651 16.6% 0.37 1743 14.9% 0.36 1197 12.9% 0.34 1711 20.9% 0.41 4743 15.0% 0.36 1733 16.8% 0.37 1282 13.7% 0.34 1728 14.2% 0.35 12.7% 4.8% 18.2% 16.9% 13.5% 12.1%m62 el Public schooling 4595 83.0% 0.38 1741 83.4% 0.37 1154 83.6% 0.37 1700 82.2% 0.38 4651 80.2% 0.40 1743 80.7% 0.40 1197 80.6% 0.40 1711 79.4% 0.41 4743 70.2% 0.46 1733 72.4% 0.45 1282 69.3% 0.46 1728 68.7% 0.46 18.2% 15.2% 20.6% 19.7% 5.4% 4.5%m60 el Public hospital/clinic 4595 87.5% 0.33 1741 89.7% 0.31 1154 89.2% 0.31 1700 84.1% 0.37 4651 84.6% 0.36 1743 84.3% 0.36 1197 86.0% 0.35 1711 83.8% 0.37 4743 79.7% 0.40 1733 80.6% 0.40 1282 79.0% 0.41 1728 79.4% 0.40 9.8% 11.3% 12.8% 5.9% 1.6% -5.4%Dissatisfied with Dissatisfied with government services:roadmaint~el road maintenance 4540 33.7% 0.47 1713 35.4% 0.48 1140 32.4% 0.47 1687 32.8% 0.47 4557 22.8% 0.42 1706 23.0% 0.42 1167 24.2% 0.43 1684 21.6% 0.41 4384 28.2% 0.45 1502 29.0% 0.45 1200 24.5% 0.43 1682 30.2% 0.46 19.5% 22.1% 32.2% 8.6% 10.2% -13.5%policing ~el local policing 4488 32.1% 0.47 1702 30.4% 0.46 1123 30.4% 0.46 1663 34.9% 0.48 4498 29.6% 0.46 1681 27.8% 0.45 1140 31.3% 0.46 1677 30.1% 0.46 4317 32.4% 0.47 1478 32.3% 0.47 1177 30.1% 0.46 1662 34.1% 0.47 -0.9% -5.9% 1.0% 2.3% 6.9% 8.2%wash diss~el management of land use 4549 36.0% 0.48 1719 38.6% 0.49 1149 26.8% 0.44 1681 39.7% 0.49 4557 34.4% 0.48 1701 36.9% 0.48 1169 23.4% 0.42 1687 39.4% 0.49 4400 36.3% 0.48 1503 38.2% 0.49 1213 30.3% 0.46 1684 38.9% 0.49 -0.8% 1.0% -11.6% 2.1% -12.6% 1.0%marketmai~el maintenance of local markets 4446 42.6% 0.49 1689 46.8% 0.50 1128 39.3% 0.49 1629 40.4% 0.49 4403 39.9% 0.49 1633 43.2% 0.50 1128 35.3% 0.48 1642 39.9% 0.49 4284 40.5% 0.49 1459 42.0% 0.49 1170 41.4% 0.49 1655 38.4% 0.49 5.2% 11.4% -5.1% 5.2% -16.5% -6.2%consult d~el consulting citizens before making 4248 50.4% 0.50 1596 55.3% 0.50 1071 45.6% 0.50 1581 48.7% 0.50 4164 44.8% 0.50 1580 47.0% 0.50 1040 38.4% 0.49 1544 46.8% 0.50 3856 46.0% 0.50 1270 48.7% 0.50 1058 40.1% 0.49 1528 47.7% 0.50 9.6% 13.6% 13.7% 2.1% 0.2% -11.5%corrup di~el keeping corruption in check 4295 59.0% 0.49 1616 64.2% 0.48 1075 55.7% 0.50 1604 56.1% 0.50 4236 53.6% 0.50 1584 53.4% 0.50 1077 50.3% 0.50 1575 55.9% 0.50 4074 47.5% 0.50 1378 51.3% 0.50 1110 44.1% 0.50 1586 46.5% 0.50 24.2% 25.1% 26.3% 20.6% 1.2% -4.5%landuse d~el managing land use 4164 41.6% 0.49 1574 43.3% 0.50 1052 37.1% 0.48 1538 43.0% 0.50 4140 37.2% 0.48 1560 37.1% 0.48 1046 32.2% 0.47 1534 40.7% 0.49 3854 35.5% 0.48 1314 38.4% 0.49 1036 30.6% 0.46 1504 36.4% 0.48 17.2% 12.8% 21.2% 18.1% 8.5% 5.4%

Means by District ENDLINE MIDLINE. Total FI: Balaka FI: Lilongwe Rural FI: Machinga PI: Mangochi PI: Zomba Rural PI: Nsanje HSO: Karonga HSO: Nkhotakota Total FI: Balaka FI: Lilongwe Rural FI: Machinga PI: Mangochi PI: Zomba Rural PI: Nsanje HSO: KarongaVariable Variable description n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n mean SDDemographics Demographicshhsize el Size of household (people) 5154 5.6 2.33 569 5.1 2.08 583 5.0 1.94 550 5.6 2.15 587 5.6 2.23 565 5.2 2.19 559 5.8 2.24 870 5.8 2.43 871 6.1 2.75 5214 5.6 2.31 571 5.2 1.99 586 5.1 2.02 554 5.7 2.36 587 5.8 2.21 610 5.2 2.37 563 5.6 2.13 870 5.6 2.49 873 6.0 2.47 5314 5.3 2.20 571 5.0 1.97 586 4.8 1.83 571 5.3 2.20 587 5.5 1.98 695 4.8 2.04 571 5.5 2.15 866 5.4 2.36 867 5.8 2.50totaladul~el Number of adults >17 years old in household 5140 2.4 1.17 568 2.2 1.01 582 2.3 1.04 549 2.2 1.05 584 2.3 1.01 564 2.2 1.02 558 2.5 1.20 869 2.6 1.29 866 2.6 1.35 5210 2.4 1.09 571 2.2 0.95 586 2.3 1.02 554 2.3 0.99 587 2.3 0.96 610 2.2 0.99 561 2.5 1.10 869 2.6 1.20 872 2.6 1.26 5314 2.3 0.99 571 2.2 0.90 586 2.3 0.79 571 2.2 0.86 587 2.3 0.88 695 2.1 0.83 571 2.5 1.09 866 2.5 1.09 867 2.6 1.14hasu5 el Has a child under 5 years old 5154 55.8% 0.50 569 54.5% 0.50 583 45.6% 0.50 550 60% 0.49 587 62.7% 0.48 565 47.4% 0.50 559 63.5% 0.48 870 53.7% 0.50 871 58.6% 0.49 5214 58.2% 0.49 571 55.9% 0.50 586 54.1% 0.50 554 65.2% 0.48 587 64.2% 0.48 610 50.7% 0.50 563 63.9% 0.48 870 54.1% 0.50 873 59.6% 0.49 5314 61.4% 0.49 571 59.2% 0.49 586 57.7% 0.49 571 66.9% 0.47 587 67.8% 0.47 695 59.0% 0.49 571 61.6% 0.49 866 55.7% 0.50 867 65.1% 0.48femalehoh el Female-headed household (reported no male HoH) 5153 22.9% 0.42 569 27.9% 0.45 583 18.7% 0.39 550 29% 0.45 587 24.4% 0.43 565 29.4% 0.46 559 18.2% 0.39 870 17.7% 0.38 870 22.1% 0.42 5214 21.6% 0.41 571 27.3% 0.45 586 13.5% 0.34 554 27.4% 0.45 587 22.0% 0.41 610 28.0% 0.45 563 19.4% 0.40 870 16.7% 0.37 873 21.1% 0.41 5314 18.9% 0.39 571 27.3% 0.45 586 12.1% 0.33 571 24.2% 0.43 587 16.5% 0.37 695 23.3% 0.42 571 17.5% 0.38 866 14.3% 0.35 867 18.1% 0.39femaleh~t el No adult male >17 lives in household 5153 13.5% 0.34 569 16.5% 0.37 583 10.5% 0.31 550 20% 0.40 587 15.7% 0.36 565 20.2% 0.40 559 10.2% 0.30 870 7.9% 0.27 870 11.4% 0.32 5214 13.9% 0.35 571 16.3% 0.37 586 9.9% 0.30 554 19.1% 0.39 587 14.3% 0.35 610 20.5% 0.40 563 11.0% 0.31 870 10.5% 0.31 873 12.4% 0.33 5314 12.3% 0.33 571 18.9% 0.39 586 8.7% 0.28 571 17.2% 0.38 587 11.1% 0.31 695 17.3% 0.38 571 10.3% 0.31 866 7.6% 0.27 867 10.0% 0.30hohage el Age of head of household 4598 48.5 15.84 504 49.0 15.84 518 47.1 15.72 504 47.6 15.58 509 49.3 15.90 539 48.5 16.21 510 48.0 16.74 754 47.9 14.78 760 49.8 16.11 4704 46.7 16.12 518 46.9 16.36 536 45.3 16.46 505 45.8 15.60 529 47.9 15.92 558 46.7 16.42 469 46.0 16.57 804 46.4 15.34 785 48.3 16.37 5082 44.3 16.24 556 44.0 16.25 566 42.8 16.49 562 43.1 16.28 575 44.6 16.37 660 44.9 16.77 486 44.8 15.99 844 43.9 15.33 833 45.6 16.51youth ish~el Youth-headed household (age 10-29) 5154 9.0% 0.29 569 6.0% 0.24 583 10.3% 0.30 550 11% 0.31 587 8.9% 0.28 565 11.2% 0.32 559 9.1% 0.29 870 7.1% 0.26 871 9.3% 0.29 5214 12.9% 0.34 571 11.9% 0.32 586 16.0% 0.37 554 13.7% 0.34 587 10.9% 0.31 610 15.6% 0.36 563 12.6% 0.33 870 12.5% 0.33 873 11.1% 0.31 5314 19.2% 0.39 571 19.6% 0.40 586 22.4% 0.42 571 21.7% 0.41 587 20.8% 0.41 695 20.3% 0.40 571 15.6% 0.36 866 17.9% 0.38 867 17.0% 0.38hohneverm~el Head of household is single 5061 1.7% 0.13 556 1.6% 0.13 576 1.4% 0.12 541 3% 0.17 576 3.1% 0.17 553 1.5% 0.12 552 1.1% 0.10 856 0.6% 0.08 851 1.9% 0.14 4953 3.8% 0.19 531 4.0% 0.20 556 2.2% 0.15 525 5.5% 0.23 557 4.3% 0.20 578 7.6% 0.27 542 4.6% 0.21 829 0.7% 0.08 835 3.5% 0.18 5297 3.8% 0.19 569 3.5% 0.18 586 2.6% 0.16 568 5.8% 0.23 578 3.3% 0.18 694 8.4% 0.28 570 4.4% 0.21 866 0.8% 0.09 866 2.7% 0.16femalemai~el Primary respondent is female 4814 51.5% 0.50 504 57.3% 0.50 559 35.4% 0.48 523 63% 0.48 530 56.6% 0.50 527 60.3% 0.49 499 52.7% 0.50 850 47.3% 0.50 822 46.1% 0.50 3150 55.0% 0.50 389 58.9% 0.49 349 46.7% 0.50 311 66.9% 0.47 346 61.6% 0.49 383 67.1% 0.47 344 48.5% 0.50 550 43.8% 0.50 478 53.1% 0.50 5314 70.0% 0.46 571 73.9% 0.44 586 67.1% 0.47 571 73.6% 0.44 587 70.7% 0.46 695 70.5% 0.46 571 68.3% 0.47 866 63.0% 0.48 867 74.5% 0.44hhdisab el Member of HH has disability (physical or mental) 5153 18.4% 0.39 569 20.7% 0.41 583 20.4% 0.40 550 18% 0.38 587 17.9% 0.38 565 17.0% 0.38 559 17.0% 0.38 870 17.8% 0.38 870 19.1% 0.39 5214 16.0% 0.37 571 16.5% 0.37 586 20.1% 0.40 554 15.2% 0.36 587 15.0% 0.36 610 18.5% 0.39 563 15.5% 0.36 870 15.1% 0.36 873 13.7% 0.35 5308 14.6% 0.35 571 15.4% 0.36 585 13.7% 0.34 571 14.5% 0.35 587 14.1% 0.35 694 12.4% 0.33 570 12.6% 0.33 863 19.0% 0.39 867 13.5% 0.34chichewa el Chichewa is spoken regularly at home 5154 72.7% 0.45 569 92.6% 0.26 583 100.0% 0.00 550 74% 0.44 587 64.4% 0.48 565 98.8% 0.11 559 67.6% 0.47 870 9.1% 0.29 871 95.9% 0.20 5214 71.5% 0.45 571 89.0% 0.31 586 100.0% 0.00 554 85.0% 0.36 587 60.1% 0.49 610 98.4% 0.13 563 60.6% 0.49 870 6.4% 0.25 873 93.4% 0.25 5314 72.0% 0.45 571 91.4% 0.28 586 100.0% 0.00 571 65.7% 0.48 587 52.6% 0.50 695 96.8% 0.18 571 73.4% 0.44 866 11.8% 0.32 867 96.8% 0.18citumbuka el Citumbuka is spoken regularly at home 5154 14.5% 0.35 569 0.4% 0.06 583 0.7% 0.08 550 0% 0.00 587 0.2% 0.04 565 0.9% 0.09 559 0.2% 0.04 870 82.8% 0.38 871 1.5% 0.12 5214 13.1% 0.34 571 0.5% 0.07 586 0.3% 0.06 554 0.5% 0.07 587 0.3% 0.06 610 0.0% 0.00 563 0.0% 0.00 870 75.9% 0.43 873 1.6% 0.13 5314 12.4% 0.33 571 0.4% 0.06 586 0.2% 0.04 571 0.0% 0.00 587 0.3% 0.06 695 0.4% 0.07 571 0.0% 0.00 866 73.0% 0.44 867 2.1% 0.14ciyawo el Ciyawo is spoken regularly at home 5154 18.8% 0.39 569 21.6% 0.41 583 0.2% 0.04 550 58% 0.50 587 69.3% 0.46 565 18.2% 0.39 559 0.4% 0.06 870 0.7% 0.08 871 1.5% 0.12 5214 19.8% 0.40 571 20.1% 0.40 586 0.5% 0.07 554 64.3% 0.48 587 76.7% 0.42 610 15.2% 0.36 563 0.5% 0.07 870 0.1% 0.03 873 1.0% 0.10 5314 20.3% 0.40 571 27.0% 0.44 586 0.2% 0.04 571 62.2% 0.49 587 76.1% 0.43 695 14.7% 0.35 571 0.5% 0.07 866 0.5% 0.07 867 1.3% 0.11cisena el Cisena is spoken regularly at home 5154 7.8% 0.27 569 0.2% 0.04 583 0.2% 0.04 550 0% 0.04 587 0.3% 0.06 565 0.2% 0.04 559 70.5% 0.46 870 0.0% 0.00 871 0.0% 0.00 5214 8.1% 0.27 571 0.2% 0.04 586 0.3% 0.06 554 0.4% 0.06 587 0.5% 0.07 610 0.0% 0.00 563 73.0% 0.44 870 0.0% 0.00 873 0.1% 0.03 5314 5.9% 0.24 571 0.5% 0.07 586 0.2% 0.04 571 0.2% 0.04 587 0.5% 0.07 695 0.0% 0.00 571 53.4% 0.50 866 0.0% 0.00 867 0.2% 0.05english el English is spoken regularly at home 5154 0.9% 0.09 569 0.0% 0.00 583 1.0% 0.10 550 1% 0.10 587 1.2% 0.11 565 1.4% 0.12 559 1.8% 0.13 870 0.8% 0.09 871 0.1% 0.03 5214 0.6% 0.08 571 0.4% 0.06 586 0.3% 0.06 554 0.4% 0.06 587 0.2% 0.04 610 0.5% 0.07 563 1.6% 0.13 870 1.0% 0.10 873 0.2% 0.05 5314 0.5% 0.07 571 0.2% 0.04 586 0.0% 0.00 571 0.7% 0.08 587 0.2% 0.04 695 0.1% 0.04 571 0.9% 0.09 866 1.7% 0.13 867 0.2% 0.05hhfarms el Household participates in farming 5154 98.6% 0.12 569 99.8% 0.04 583 97.9% 0.14 550 99% 0.09 587 98.1% 0.14 565 99.6% 0.06 559 98.0% 0.14 870 97.7% 0.15 871 98.9% 0.11 5073 95.2% 0.21 564 98.4% 0.13 574 97.7% 0.15 533 94.9% 0.22 568 95.2% 0.21 606 97.7% 0.15 543 86.7% 0.34 838 95.0% 0.22 847 95.2% 0.22 5311 95.2% 0.21 571 97.4% 0.16 586 97.1% 0.17 571 96.5% 0.18 587 98.0% 0.14 693 95.5% 0.21 571 87.7% 0.33 866 93.0% 0.26 866 96.5% 0.18rooms el Number of rooms in house 5154 3.0 1.14 569 2.8 1.00 583 2.9 0.99 550 2.6 0.94 587 2.3 0.98 565 2.9 0.91 559 2.8 1.02 870 3.7 1.26 871 3.2 1.16 5214 2.8 1.10 571 2.7 0.86 586 2.4 0.84 554 2.7 0.92 587 2.6 0.95 610 2.6 0.95 563 2.3 1.08 870 3.4 1.31 873 3.1 1.14 5314 2.7 1.13 571 2.8 1.07 586 2.1 0.85 571 2.6 1.08 587 2.4 1.00 695 2.6 1.04 571 2.8 1.08 866 3.2 1.30 867 2.9 1.13cementflo~el House has smooth cement floors 5150 16.2% 0.37 569 12.8% 0.34 583 10.8% 0.31 550 10% 0.30 586 11.3% 0.32 565 10.6% 0.31 559 15.7% 0.37 869 30.3% 0.46 869 19.4% 0.40 5207 13.3% 0.34 571 10.7% 0.31 586 8.9% 0.29 553 8.1% 0.27 586 8.7% 0.28 610 8.7% 0.28 561 11.1% 0.31 868 28.2% 0.45 872 13.9% 0.35 5296 12.0% 0.33 571 10.0% 0.30 584 7.9% 0.27 570 7.9% 0.27 585 7.0% 0.26 693 8.2% 0.28 571 12.8% 0.33 860 24.8% 0.43 862 12.3% 0.33electr el House has electricity 5154 6.3% 0.24 569 5.5% 0.23 583 3.8% 0.19 550 4% 0.20 587 7.5% 0.26 565 3.2% 0.18 559 2.9% 0.17 870 13.0% 0.34 871 6.8% 0.25 5214 8.3% 0.28 571 7.5% 0.26 586 5.5% 0.23 554 5.4% 0.23 587 7.0% 0.26 610 5.4% 0.23 563 11.9% 0.32 870 14.1% 0.35 873 7.5% 0.26 5314 3.6% 0.19 571 2.8% 0.17 586 2.2% 0.15 571 1.9% 0.14 587 2.2% 0.15 695 1.6% 0.13 571 3.5% 0.18 866 8.2% 0.28 867 4.0% 0.20tobacco el Household grows tobacco 5154 11.5% 0.32 569 5.3% 0.22 583 31.4% 0.46 550 13% 0.33 587 15.8% 0.37 565 23.2% 0.42 559 2.3% 0.15 870 5.8% 0.23 871 2.8% 0.16 5214 12.6% 0.33 571 6.7% 0.25 586 36.5% 0.48 554 12.3% 0.33 587 20.6% 0.41 610 24.8% 0.43 563 1.4% 0.12 870 5.1% 0.22 873 1.7% 0.13 5314 15.6% 0.36 571 8.2% 0.28 586 37.7% 0.49 571 20.0% 0.40 587 24.0% 0.43 695 31.2% 0.46 571 1.4% 0.12 866 5.9% 0.24 867 3.2% 0.18min2water el Total water collection time (minutes) 5145 27.9 33.07 568 35.5 40.83 582 20.9 26.91 549 36.0 38.54 585 26.9 33.48 565 35.7 35.70 557 36.9 41.28 870 18.1 19.61 869 22.4 24.06 5213 34.7 45.56 571 49.7 51.05 586 36.5 58.20 554 49.6 52.32 587 27.8 36.78 609 33.1 40.59 563 25.4 28.97 870 20.8 29.26 873 39.7 51.43 5295 32.8 46.79 569 40.3 51.36 584 28.4 52.22 570 36.6 45.97 581 37.3 51.13 695 35.8 54.35 570 34.7 39.33 861 23.7 37.88 865 30.8 41.28min2marke~el Time to nearest market (minutes) 5117 51.7 45.46 567 62.8 53.61 577 58.0 50.09 550 42.2 33.75 582 54.0 42.47 558 67.2 45.00 556 40.9 35.61 866 51.7 50.42 861 41.4 39.80 5185 56.0 51.69 567 69.7 61.50 585 71.6 58.77 553 48.3 38.18 584 51.1 46.29 599 72.9 46.14 556 46.5 51.65 870 52.6 55.88 871 42.8 41.41 5266 56.3 54.57 564 60.7 55.11 586 63.4 55.52 564 50.7 49.71 575 66.5 56.74 690 67.5 57.90 564 50.7 51.29 863 57.0 63.42 860 39.7 37.52Education Educationhohnoeduc el Head of HH has no education 5117 15.6% 0.36 565 14.0% 0.35 579 18.1% 0.39 541 22% 0.41 580 25.7% 0.44 562 12.6% 0.33 553 21.9% 0.41 868 3.6% 0.19 869 14.2% 0.35 5152 16.0% 0.37 566 15.4% 0.36 579 11.6% 0.32 543 22.1% 0.42 577 28.2% 0.45 603 12.6% 0.33 553 18.8% 0.39 866 5.9% 0.24 865 17.8% 0.38 5247 17.2% 0.38 565 15.9% 0.37 581 12.4% 0.33 561 25.7% 0.44 567 29.8% 0.46 691 14.9% 0.36 564 19.0% 0.39 862 7.7% 0.27 856 17.6% 0.38sharenoed el % of HH members (minus HoH) with no education 4974 0.1 0.17 548 0.1 0.17 564 0.1 0.22 529 0.1 0.19 561 0.1 0.19 549 0.1 0.18 540 0.1 0.18 845 0.0 0.10 838 0.1 0.15 5052 0.1 0.19 554 0.1 0.17 569 0.1 0.18 534 0.1 0.20 569 0.2 0.21 588 0.1 0.20 542 0.2 0.23 845 0.1 0.15 851 0.1 0.17 5159 0.1 0.19 550 0.1 0.16 576 0.1 0.20 555 0.1 0.21 559 0.2 0.20 673 0.1 0.17 555 0.1 0.22 848 0.1 0.14 843 0.1 0.19shareread~el Percentage of adult HH members who can read in Chichewa 5054 63.0% 0.37 558 70.1% 0.36 577 61.4% 0.37 539 57% 0.37 571 50.8% 0.38 556 67.3% 0.37 551 54.1% 0.36 852 75.1% 0.33 850 61.9% 0.37 5185 62.2% 0.37 569 70.3% 0.36 583 61.2% 0.37 552 55.9% 0.38 585 50.7% 0.37 609 66.0% 0.38 556 54.4% 0.36 863 73.5% 0.34 868 60.4% 0.37 5303 62.2% 0.37 570 68.7% 0.37 586 61.7% 0.37 571 54.5% 0.38 581 50.8% 0.37 694 67.4% 0.37 570 53.2% 0.36 864 72.6% 0.34 867 62.1% 0.37c15 el Literacy: Reading materials kids can read at home 5026 48.4% 0.50 557 45.2% 0.50 563 48.0% 0.50 536 57% 0.50 578 35.3% 0.48 540 52.2% 0.50 544 51.7% 0.50 848 48.0% 0.50 860 50.2% 0.50 5066 35.2% 0.48 553 44.7% 0.50 567 29.3% 0.46 544 38.1% 0.49 575 29.9% 0.46 587 38.7% 0.49 538 29.4% 0.46 843 41.2% 0.49 859 30.4% 0.46 5039 25.5% 0.44 544 24.8% 0.43 552 32.1% 0.47 548 18.2% 0.39 570 12.6% 0.33 654 30.7% 0.46 536 20.0% 0.40 810 34.0% 0.47 825 26.4% 0.44c16 el Literacy: Reading materials adults can read at home 5151 37.3% 0.48 569 37.8% 0.49 583 39.8% 0.49 550 36% 0.48 586 28.3% 0.45 565 40.4% 0.49 559 28.6% 0.45 869 45.7% 0.50 870 37.6% 0.49 5207 35.1% 0.48 570 52.8% 0.50 586 30.4% 0.46 553 32.9% 0.47 587 28.1% 0.45 608 35.2% 0.48 561 23.4% 0.42 870 45.9% 0.50 872 29.4% 0.46 5301 31.8% 0.47 568 37.7% 0.49 585 33.5% 0.47 568 22.4% 0.42 587 24.7% 0.43 695 34.5% 0.48 567 20.5% 0.40 864 41.3% 0.49 867 33.3% 0.47c16 1 el Literacy: Family member(s) go to community center to read 5147 7.4% 0.26 569 5.6% 0.23 581 6.0% 0.24 550 5% 0.23 587 5.3% 0.22 563 6.8% 0.25 558 6.6% 0.25 869 14.6% 0.35 870 5.8% 0.23 5195 6.9% 0.25 569 9.8% 0.30 586 6.3% 0.24 553 4.7% 0.21 584 3.6% 0.19 608 5.6% 0.23 556 4.9% 0.22 868 12.1% 0.33 871 5.7% 0.23 5297 6.9% 0.25 571 7.7% 0.27 585 6.2% 0.24 570 5.1% 0.22 587 2.2% 0.15 691 8.1% 0.27 566 4.6% 0.21 862 10.9% 0.31 865 8.0% 0.27c17 el Literacy:Does anyone read every day 5146 26.8% 0.44 569 23.6% 0.43 583 22.6% 0.42 549 28% 0.45 587 25.9% 0.44 564 26.6% 0.44 555 23.6% 0.43 869 36.5% 0.48 870 24.3% 0.43 5189 21.3% 0.41 569 27.2% 0.45 585 20.0% 0.40 554 26.5% 0.44 586 17.9% 0.38 603 21.2% 0.41 552 13.0% 0.34 870 24.1% 0.43 870 19.7% 0.40 5304 20.5% 0.40 570 25.1% 0.43 586 17.7% 0.38 569 20.4% 0.40 586 11.9% 0.33 693 23.8% 0.43 569 15.6% 0.36 865 24.7% 0.43 866 21.6% 0.41m68a ofte~el Schools: often too expensive/unable to pay 4271 14.3% 0.35 445 16.6% 0.37 475 17.9% 0.38 477 14% 0.35 486 13.2% 0.34 470 12.3% 0.33 469 10.7% 0.31 720 10.7% 0.31 729 18.7% 0.39 4078 13.4% 0.34 465 10.5% 0.31 437 13.7% 0.35 452 18.8% 0.39 476 10.9% 0.31 483 12.2% 0.33 365 10.1% 0.30 673 10.7% 0.31 727 18.4% 0.39 3713 11.7% 0.32 409 7.3% 0.26 362 18.0% 0.38 416 14.9% 0.36 400 8.3% 0.28 479 11.3% 0.32 417 10.6% 0.31 594 14.0% 0.35 636 9.8% 0.30m68b ofte~el Schools: often lacking books/supplies 4257 26.7% 0.44 442 21.3% 0.41 471 25.5% 0.44 471 21% 0.41 489 24.5% 0.43 468 24.8% 0.43 468 30.3% 0.46 718 33.7% 0.47 730 27.9% 0.45 4069 31.4% 0.46 450 28.2% 0.45 435 27.8% 0.45 452 29.0% 0.45 473 25.6% 0.44 479 26.5% 0.44 380 26.8% 0.44 672 31.8% 0.47 728 46.2% 0.50 3668 38.6% 0.49 404 34.9% 0.48 360 25.8% 0.44 411 37.7% 0.49 398 36.9% 0.48 471 31.2% 0.46 414 50.0% 0.50 582 43.0% 0.50 628 44.1% 0.50m68c ofte~el Schools: often poor teaching 4248 20.6% 0.40 444 26.6% 0.44 474 23.0% 0.42 469 13% 0.33 485 13.0% 0.34 469 18.6% 0.39 464 21.3% 0.41 717 22.6% 0.42 726 24.2% 0.43 4051 25.0% 0.43 460 22.2% 0.42 435 27.1% 0.45 452 23.7% 0.43 470 22.8% 0.42 480 16.7% 0.37 361 28.5% 0.45 668 24.3% 0.43 725 32.4% 0.47 3664 25.4% 0.44 405 21.2% 0.41 361 25.5% 0.44 408 19.9% 0.40 392 21.4% 0.41 474 17.9% 0.38 417 36.2% 0.48 576 24.5% 0.43 631 33.3% 0.47m68d ofte~el Schools: often absent teachers 4236 17.0% 0.38 440 23.0% 0.42 468 22.6% 0.42 474 12% 0.33 479 9.8% 0.30 468 16.2% 0.37 463 15.1% 0.36 719 18.8% 0.39 725 17.8% 0.38 4044 20.3% 0.40 457 18.8% 0.39 436 26.1% 0.44 451 20.2% 0.40 472 18.9% 0.39 477 16.4% 0.37 369 19.5% 0.40 664 16.6% 0.37 718 25.2% 0.44 3651 18.3% 0.39 403 15.9% 0.37 358 18.2% 0.39 410 15.4% 0.36 391 19.4% 0.40 480 15.0% 0.36 407 21.9% 0.41 572 15.7% 0.36 630 23.8% 0.43m68e ofte~el Schools: often overcrowded classrooms 4234 49.4% 0.50 437 47.1% 0.50 468 43.4% 0.50 476 54% 0.50 489 49.5% 0.50 461 57.3% 0.50 464 57.8% 0.49 713 42.6% 0.50 726 48.1% 0.50 4018 53.6% 0.50 453 55.4% 0.50 432 40.5% 0.49 451 63.9% 0.48 463 52.3% 0.50 472 51.5% 0.50 364 44.0% 0.50 666 47.4% 0.50 717 66.9% 0.47 3631 49.7% 0.50 399 47.6% 0.50 360 43.3% 0.50 408 49.0% 0.50 382 51.0% 0.50 473 45.2% 0.50 408 69.9% 0.46 578 46.9% 0.50 623 47.0% 0.50m68f ofte~el Schools: often facilities in bad condition 4239 24.4% 0.43 437 26.1% 0.44 468 32.3% 0.47 475 16% 0.37 491 22.2% 0.42 465 23.0% 0.42 463 25.9% 0.44 713 21.3% 0.41 727 28.3% 0.45 3997 26.4% 0.44 455 21.5% 0.41 433 28.9% 0.45 449 27.8% 0.45 464 26.3% 0.44 469 18.1% 0.39 339 28.3% 0.45 670 22.2% 0.42 718 35.5% 0.48 3617 24.7% 0.43 405 22.0% 0.42 357 21.6% 0.41 408 22.1% 0.42 393 17.0% 0.38 466 23.4% 0.42 405 41.0% 0.49 563 18.8% 0.39 620 30.5% 0.46Agriculture Agriculturesoya el Grows soya 4958 8.5% 0.28 557 4.9% 0.22 563 38.0% 0.49 542 4% 0.19 551 16.2% 0.37 559 6.4% 0.25 538 0.2% 0.04 838 1.4% 0.12 810 2.6% 0.16 4963 10.7% 0.31 565 9.2% 0.29 565 47.1% 0.50 520 4.2% 0.20 551 16.9% 0.38 592 9.5% 0.29 499 0.4% 0.06 832 2.8% 0.16 839 2.3% 0.15 5258 10.7% 0.31 564 4.1% 0.20 576 49.5% 0.50 569 4.2% 0.20 574 11.3% 0.32 686 12.0% 0.33 562 0.9% 0.09 863 3.1% 0.17 864 6.1% 0.24so~c nosq el Hectares under soya cultivation (among full sample, excl land in sq meters) 5108 0.0 0.10 568 0.0 0.04 568 0.1 0.19 544 0.0 0.06 578 0.0 0.15 559 0.0 0.06 559 0.0 0.02 866 0.0 0.02 866 0.0 0.05 5110 0.1 1.48 555 0.1 0.85 541 0.1 0.16 549 0.0 0.04 566 0.1 0.89 598 0.2 4.14 562 0.0 0.25 868 0.0 0.04 871 0.0 0.03 5228 0.0 0.11 565 0.0 0.05 556 0.1 0.22 569 0.0 0.10 580 0.0 0.10 680 0.0 0.16 571 0.0 0.06 856 0.0 0.03 851 0.0 0.06soyhect n~el Hectares under soya cultivation (among soya farmers, excl land in sq meters) 375 0.3 0.22 26 0.2 0.10 199 0.3 0.22 15 0.3 0.27 80 0.3 0.26 30 0.3 0.12 1 0.4 n/a 8 0.2 0.12 16 0.3 0.21 426 0.6 5.09 35 1.0 3.30 220 0.3 0.15 17 0.2 0.12 71 0.7 2.46 44 2.5 15.23 1 6.0 n/a 21 0.2 0.17 17 0.2 0.12 474 0.3 0.27 17 0.2 0.18 254 0.3 0.25 22 0.3 0.41 58 0.3 0.18 66 0.3 0.41 5 0.6 0.17 17 0.2 0.10 35 0.2 0.19soyield el Yield of soy last season in KG (among those who grew soy) 419 170.9 375.10 27 56.4 164.10 213 183.3 241.00 21 35.9 57.30 88 165.3 229.00 36 73.5 95.72 1 1,300.0 n/a 12 59.8 97.83 21 528.6 1,333.00 533 111.6 261.50 52 18.9 27.12 266 167.9 259.10 22 13.8 25.66 93 109.5 419.90 56 24.5 29.49 2 2.5 3.54 23 40.1 49.43 19 56.2 71.14 551 110.2 183.40 23 39.3 56.53 281 141.8 220.50 21 65.2 134.80 65 121.2 163.80 81 62.2 114.50 4 62.5 94.65 24 70.6 93.52 52 72.2 118.30soyield~q el Yield of soy last season in KG (among those who grew soy, sq meter land units ex 369 599.1 669.70 26 267.4 444.90 196 717.3 705.60 15 241.3 358.50 79 572.6 608.60 30 327.7 505.80 1 3,212.0 n/a 8 290.8 268.30 14 666.0 731.70 426 462.5 562.60 35 145.9 295.40 220 695.4 646.40 17 70.2 89.45 71 291.4 349.50 44 147.2 185.70 1 0.0 n/a 21 255.3 289.30 17 306.2 367.50 464 496.7 563.30 17 225.7 215.70 250 598.0 541.70 19 303.4 498.90 58 511.6 625.30 66 292.8 610.80 4 141.1 237.70 16 430.9 495.40 34 439.0 557.50soysold el Kg of soy sold last season(among those who grew soy) 415 115.5 188.90 27 41.4 164.90 211 149.1 196.90 21 18.8 54.61 87 115.7 165.30 35 46.4 78.58 1 1,300.0 n/a 12 25.0 86.60 21 78.8 218.00 525 72.1 126.10 49 5.3 13.24 265 120.7 154.40 22 2.7 10.77 90 43.8 80.82 56 15.8 25.24 2 0.0 0.00 23 12.8 28.44 18 24.2 61.88 544 78.2 165.60 22 12.7 43.55 273 111.9 205.60 23 37.0 98.37 65 72.5 130.20 80 43.9 101.90 4 50.0 100.00 27 28.0 64.47 50 33.6 88.86soymoneyu~el Value of total soya sold (USD) 269 50.3 69.30 4 15.1 15.01 168 54.7 74.68 5 14.9 19.60 63 42.4 57.38 20 35.9 50.95 1 163.2 n/a 1 68.0 n/a 7 82.3 97.70 314 48.5 87.13 10 13.5 16.93 217 58.1 100.50 2 13.0 11.88 49 32.5 40.84 26 19.2 28.70 0 n/a n/a 5 14.2 16.18 5 60.6 63.18 332 38.3 55.89 1 60.0 n/a 224 39.4 57.03 7 31.6 27.63 38 35.0 54.86 39 31.6 61.62 1 100.0 n/a 8 45.8 28.23 14 40.2 52.06soyperkgu~el Soya price earned per kg (USD) 269 0.3 0.21 4 0.3 0.19 168 0.3 0.17 5 0.2 0.06 64 0.3 0.24 19 0.4 0.38 1 0.1 n/a 1 0.2 n/a 7 0.4 0.18 311 0.5 0.37 10 0.7 0.47 216 0.4 0.32 2 0.4 0.02 47 0.5 0.49 26 0.5 0.46 0 n/a n/a 5 0.5 0.61 5 0.7 0.37 327 0.4 0.41 1 0.3 n/a 220 0.4 0.36 7 0.6 0.66 38 0.4 0.26 38 0.5 0.60 1 0.5 n/a 8 0.9 0.69 14 0.5 0.29soyi~susd el Total value of inputs to soy production (USD) 421 5.3 15.60 27 5.4 18.71 214 5.5 13.41 21 0.4 0.70 89 4.3 9.47 36 2.8 5.19 1 81.6 n/a 12 4.6 9.03 21 13.7 42.94 533 4.1 9.50 52 2.3 4.26 266 5.8 12.03 22 2.7 5.44 93 2.9 7.34 56 1.9 3.83 2 0.0 0.00 23 1.6 2.28 19 2.7 5.92 564 4.3 11.69 23 2.0 4.43 285 5.6 13.90 24 3.7 6.75 65 2.0 4.21 82 2.7 6.83 5 9.5 6.94 27 2.8 7.52 53 4.5 15.55soymargin el Individual level gross margin for soya (USD per Ha) 265 683.1 3,117.00 4 110.5 81.06 167 479.2 1,887.00 5 426.7 782.70 61 1,237.0 5,502.00 19 688.1 2,152.00 1 201.6 n/a 1 131.1 n/a 7 1,364.0 2,605.00 280 299.1 566.20 7 31.6 45.69 200 332.7 539.70 2 67.1 2.05 40 301.0 863.80 21 142.7 164.20 0 n/a n/a 5 130.4 147.70 5 233.9 241.10 302 202.0 241.40 1 180.9 n/a 209 191.3 194.40 7 288.0 302.00 34 241.5 359.00 33 170.5 333.40 1 203.9 n/a 6 334.7 250.80 11 251.7 266.20soymarg~q el Individual level gross margin for soya (USD/Ha, excluding land reported in sq. m 250 236.2 512.20 4 110.5 81.06 161 222.5 254.50 4 80.1 125.40 57 188.2 277.60 16 135.0 173.70 1 201.6 n/a 1 131.1 n/a 6 1,541.0 2,808.00 254 251.6 427.00 7 31.6 45.69 179 295.8 488.70 2 67.1 2.05 38 168.9 198.30 18 130.5 167.50 0 n/a n/a 5 130.4 147.70 5 233.9 241.10 295 199.9 239.80 1 180.9 n/a 204 189.8 190.30 7 288.0 302.00 34 241.5 359.00 32 158.4 331.20 1 203.9 n/a 6 334.7 250.80 10 258.5 279.50selltimes~el Number of days it took to sell soya harvest 296 14.2 21.99 5 13.0 15.54 185 12.4 20.19 5 2.0 1.41 68 21.1 23.27 23 8.3 15.01 1 150.0 n/a 1 30.0 n/a 8 1.4 1.06 330 16.8 25.65 11 30.4 38.45 228 13.9 21.46 2 1.0 0.00 50 26.9 35.65 28 17.2 26.02 0 n/a n/a 6 6.8 11.46 5 32.4 33.31 364 13.0 28.01 4 18.3 27.94 240 9.9 20.94 7 27.6 20.75 43 25.7 41.52 45 17.6 44.09 1 2.0 n/a 8 20.1 19.37 16 1.6 1.55groundnut~el Grows groundnuts 5009 44.0% 0.50 564 44.0% 0.50 568 59.2% 0.49 546 53% 0.50 559 68.3% 0.47 561 53.5% 0.50 539 18.0% 0.39 842 37.1% 0.48 830 28.7% 0.45 4988 32.6% 0.47 565 35.9% 0.48 566 49.3% 0.50 527 38.0% 0.49 567 49.9% 0.50 596 31.9% 0.47 490 13.7% 0.34 835 24.4% 0.43 842 23.8% 0.43 5277 38.1% 0.49 569 33.4% 0.47 577 64.8% 0.48 571 35.9% 0.48 587 55.4% 0.50 688 38.8% 0.49 558 16.1% 0.37 863 37.0% 0.48 864 27.7% 0.45gn~c nosq el Hectares under groundnut cultivation (full sample, excl land in sq meters) 4838 0.1 0.24 544 0.1 0.17 547 0.2 0.31 499 0.1 0.23 554 0.3 0.37 507 0.1 0.23 521 0.0 0.12 819 0.1 0.18 847 0.1 0.22 4932 0.1 1.56 516 0.5 4.57 556 0.2 0.43 519 0.2 1.10 539 0.2 0.31 561 0.1 0.16 538 0.1 0.71 838 0.1 0.15 865 0.1 0.22 5044 0.2 2.39 540 0.3 3.32 570 0.3 0.92 552 0.2 1.25 557 0.2 1.03 635 0.2 2.32 544 0.3 3.70 810 0.2 2.34 836 0.2 2.60gnhect no~el Hectares under groundnut cultivation (among groundnut farmers, excl land in sq m 1881 0.3 0.30 222 0.2 0.19 299 0.4 0.34 238 0.3 0.25 349 0.4 0.39 242 0.3 0.25 59 0.3 0.19 260 0.3 0.21 212 0.4 0.30 1341 0.5 1.98 147 1.3 5.31 248 0.4 0.58 165 0.5 1.91 235 0.3 0.39 141 0.3 0.20 42 0.9 2.44 171 0.3 0.23 192 0.4 0.34 1727 0.5 1.35 157 0.5 1.42 358 0.4 1.14 186 0.6 2.11 295 0.5 1.38 206 0.4 1.06 62 0.8 1.84 258 0.3 0.81 205 0.4 1.31gnyield el Yield of groundnuts last season in KG (among those who grew it) 2177 121.6 185.10 245 58.8 94.64 333 173.5 231.50 289 111.3 145.90 378 116.0 172.00 292 75.0 150.40 95 91.2 96.71 310 147.5 204.20 235 171.5 240.60 1602 127.9 275.40 198 61.0 101.10 278 182.3 414.30 200 56.7 72.11 280 152.8 245.60 189 74.9 119.00 59 75.3 103.80 200 135.5 357.00 198 214.2 321.10 1883 164.6 299.00 183 89.6 135.30 367 236.9 328.20 196 96.7 110.60 312 184.8 252.30 255 83.3 137.60 77 65.9 99.36 275 134.9 331.10 218 305.1 511.20gnyield~q el Yield of groundnuts last season in KG (among those who grew it, sq meter land un 1861 453.1 532.60 219 310.4 446.30 297 541.9 596.20 238 482.7 418.30 345 351.8 423.20 236 317.4 404.20 57 460.7 396.80 258 657.9 762.40 211 507.9 501.80 1327 477.3 604.20 146 349.2 509.50 247 559.6 587.80 165 250.8 264.90 235 565.1 712.80 140 361.2 437.60 36 243.1 252.00 168 488.7 636.00 190 676.9 758.80 1639 595.8 745.50 154 453.6 728.70 351 733.6 796.50 178 444.9 535.80 287 622.6 676.90 199 347.9 415.70 56 158.6 271.40 223 548.5 603.00 191 999.3 1,118.00gnsold el Kg of groundnuts sold last season(among those who grew it) 2176 72.6 204.70 247 21.0 69.05 333 109.5 180.80 289 78.4 394.70 368 61.2 149.50 297 42.5 136.50 95 57.6 74.92 311 77.6 155.90 236 122.0 210.40 1589 90.2 555.20 196 26.1 73.22 277 163.2 1,245.00 200 24.4 49.27 280 100.0 215.00 188 40.0 87.74 56 111.7 533.40 200 83.2 244.60 192 154.7 272.40 1892 1,240.0 49,865.00 182 32.3 70.54 352 159.6 268.10 204 43.8 90.82 314 96.4 204.20 253 43.5 127.00 81 32.6 70.86 288 50.4 96.84 218 10,165.0 146,893.00gnmoneyus~el Value of total groundnuts sold (USD) 1042 44.7 63.45 49 43.1 53.58 203 57.1 75.19 140 35.1 62.51 154 43.6 62.17 111 34.0 49.01 62 27.6 23.81 189 43.5 69.16 134 56.0 60.46 819 139.7 2,335.00 52 29.5 32.10 186 62.3 105.10 72 26.0 29.05 152 55.5 80.82 78 34.4 65.69 24 31.2 46.43 125 604.4 5,971.00 130 92.5 170.00 1015 59.2 139.60 58 41.4 56.90 260 76.9 165.60 86 29.6 27.84 181 47.5 65.96 96 34.1 92.99 38 42.9 51.02 161 49.2 81.68 135 101.9 260.90gnperkgus~el Groundnuts price earned per kg (USD) 1024 0.4 0.25 49 0.5 0.26 199 0.4 0.21 138 0.3 0.17 153 0.4 0.22 109 0.4 0.23 60 0.4 0.31 187 0.4 0.29 129 0.4 0.28 804 0.5 0.46 49 0.4 0.33 182 0.5 0.43 72 0.4 0.22 151 0.4 0.43 77 0.4 0.34 22 0.4 0.23 122 0.7 0.66 129 0.5 0.49 938 0.5 0.71 54 0.8 1.62 245 0.4 0.35 82 0.4 0.24 170 0.4 0.63 89 0.4 0.59 33 0.9 1.26 135 0.6 0.49 130 0.5 0.91gninputsu~el Total value of inputs to groundnuts production (USD) 2202 7.1 16.53 248 5.8 11.11 336 8.1 17.62 289 3.9 9.83 382 6.0 12.62 300 6.0 17.69 97 5.7 10.03 312 10.3 19.48 238 10.6 24.82 1626 6.5 13.68 203 4.0 8.09 279 9.2 17.90 200 4.3 8.33 283 4.9 10.60 190 5.0 11.61 67 6.2 9.92 204 8.5 16.17 200 9.3 17.83 2011 7.7 19.01 190 5.8 12.76 374 10.5 26.72 205 5.0 7.31 325 6.4 13.28 268 4.3 10.18 90 13.4 36.96 319 8.0 18.85 240 10.0 18.98gnmargin el Individual level gross margin for groundnuts (USD per Ha) 965 205.3 398.20 48 228.0 216.70 189 207.4 189.30 127 165.5 156.40 148 172.4 229.20 103 177.3 181.80 45 429.6 1,441.00 177 228.8 399.40 128 182.7 242.40 765 400.1 2,048.00 46 335.1 516.60 181 480.1 2,718.00 66 170.9 207.20 135 243.2 341.70 72 280.3 503.90 21 354.7 859.90 116 732.7 3,819.00 128 367.6 933.70 893 286.0 739.90 52 345.4 730.00 246 256.0 313.20 85 264.1 790.90 167 210.7 216.90 81 149.1 352.20 24 107.2 1,291.00 120 395.0 900.20 118 463.8 1,381.00gnmargi~q el Individual level gross margin for groundnuts (USD/Ha, excluding land reported in 943 190.5 357.50 47 232.5 216.70 188 201.3 169.90 127 165.5 156.40 147 163.0 199.30 95 159.3 162.10 39 394.5 1,519.00 173 195.0 197.50 127 170.6 200.60 726 368.9 2,084.00 40 236.1 286.70 172 464.4 2,779.00 65 168.0 207.50 133 240.0 337.50 64 162.6 168.60 18 100.9 88.53 107 730.0 3,971.00 127 357.0 929.50 867 266.6 645.20 47 289.9 719.20 245 256.2 313.80 77 276.9 829.30 165 209.8 217.90 78 117.7 245.40 21 162.9 191.20 118 327.1 617.20 116 410.6 1,310.00selltimeg~el Number of days it took to sell groundnut harvest 1105 15.7 27.45 54 28.4 30.76 223 24.3 30.97 144 13.3 30.36 170 19.6 34.38 117 9.9 19.30 65 12.8 21.84 183 11.5 20.26 149 7.2 16.79 871 21.9 31.22 62 33.2 45.38 198 20.5 24.65 73 19.7 26.63 157 27.9 34.64 87 27.1 38.80 37 11.9 22.11 119 10.2 20.38 138 22.6 30.99 1071 19.8 33.95 63 33.4 45.05 272 19.5 31.91 88 23.7 29.14 182 23.4 37.87 110 23.6 42.53 42 4.6 8.65 160 10.8 20.21 154 18.9 35.55sweetpot el Grows orange fresh sweet potatoes 4992 25.8% 0.44 557 38.8% 0.49 561 16.9% 0.38 544 21% 0.41 546 22.7% 0.42 562 29.4% 0.46 541 21.8% 0.41 840 24.9% 0.43 841 29.6% 0.46 4940 19.1% 0.39 566 27.2% 0.45 540 11.7% 0.32 514 17.3% 0.38 550 22.2% 0.42 591 19.5% 0.40 504 22.0% 0.42 834 11.0% 0.31 841 23.3% 0.42 5238 22.5% 0.42 564 20.9% 0.41 550 18.5% 0.39 570 18.4% 0.39 576 15.8% 0.37 684 26.3% 0.44 568 22.4% 0.42 864 25.2% 0.44 862 27.4% 0.45po~c nosq el Hectares under O.F. sweet potato cultivation (full sample, excl land in sq meter 4743 0.1 1.23 530 0.3 3.62 557 0.0 0.09 508 0.1 0.53 567 0.1 0.20 505 0.1 0.17 492 0.0 0.12 794 0.0 0.10 790 0.0 0.11 4885 0.1 1.87 489 0.2 2.37 563 0.1 1.28 526 0.0 0.45 550 0.0 0.16 565 0.2 4.26 494 0.2 2.48 844 0.0 0.06 854 0.0 0.10 4966 0.1 1.24 544 0.0 0.15 568 0.0 0.36 546 0.0 0.20 564 0.0 0.12 642 0.1 0.40 514 0.4 3.60 795 0.0 0.20 793 0.1 0.93pothect n~el Hectares under O.F. sweet potato cultivation (among sweet potato farmers, excl l 877 0.4 2.84 177 0.8 6.23 69 0.2 0.16 70 0.4 1.38 104 0.4 0.33 105 0.3 0.26 51 0.2 0.31 133 0.2 0.14 168 0.2 0.16 614 0.8 5.23 72 1.6 6.04 40 0.9 4.77 61 0.4 1.28 85 0.3 0.31 70 1.7 12.06 42 2.3 8.28 67 0.2 0.15 177 0.2 0.11 830 0.5 3.00 91 0.3 0.26 84 0.3 0.89 80 0.2 0.48 68 0.3 0.23 127 0.4 0.82 71 2.7 9.43 147 0.2 0.42 162 0.6 2.00potyield el Yield of sweet potato last season in KG (among those who grew it) 1192 543.0 749.80 193 434.3 851.90 89 762.9 691.80 109 475.0 988.60 119 643.3 918.10 156 413.9 382.70 106 556.7 663.80 201 578.3 722.70 219 581.7 671.40 867 223.3 387.20 134 138.9 302.30 62 338.8 417.30 86 131.3 240.40 107 240.5 380.60 112 185.7 212.00 94 219.7 626.20 86 305.1 448.60 186 264.9 365.00 890 284.3 573.30 95 201.7 285.00 93 486.2 843.80 78 167.5 151.00 79 300.3 350.50 138 169.3 194.50 82 152.5 275.10 148 315.3 563.30 177 391.5 888.20potyiel~q el Yield of sweet potato last season in KG (among those who grew it, sq meter land 823 3,652.0 4,614.00 159 2,921.0 2,757.00 64 5,621.0 7,090.00 68 3,931.0 6,881.00 101 2,863.0 3,159.00 103 2,237.0 2,238.00 48 6,935.0 7,647.00 128 3,419.0 4,118.00 152 4,106.0 3,978.00 578 1,522.0 2,249.00 67 1,170.0 1,546.00 39 3,078.0 4,195.00 60 752.0 886.80 77 1,513.0 1,990.00 68 1,058.0 1,059.00 36 644.0 642.10 63 2,278.0 2,892.00 168 1,672.0 2,341.00 668 1,832.0 3,618.00 74 1,133.0 1,945.00 77 3,525.0 5,483.00 64 1,162.0 1,094.00 58 1,834.0 2,149.00 101 1,026.0 1,136.00 47 475.5 810.80 113 2,362.0 5,302.00 134 2,200.0 3,914.00potsold el Kg of sweet potato sold last season(among those who grew it) 1233 302.1 2,363.00 206 153.4 311.40 89 346.1 558.90 109 888.8 7,651.00 118 396.1 886.70 163 183.6 322.20 112 145.7 309.20 203 190.3 421.50 233 350.1 1,146.00 880 113.8 423.20 140 70.7 262.80 63 139.9 243.50 86 55.4 162.00 116 93.5 218.30 112 140.8 673.50 86 178.2 835.20 91 116.9 248.00 186 129.6 329.80 984 215.1 3,199.00 102 118.5 235.90 85 218.5 510.70 89 64.4 114.60 82 140.3 283.70 148 69.6 149.00 98 59.1 237.80 175 107.6 369.50 205 628.6 6,983.00potmoneyu~el Value of total sweet potato sold (USD) 539 29.2 58.61 86 23.8 31.09 44 47.0 64.53 56 18.4 30.78 59 42.2 61.89 76 17.9 17.21 34 24.9 22.22 75 29.3 36.45 109 33.7 102.30 374 27.8 55.41 44 26.1 35.55 28 32.9 21.84 36 13.4 15.86 47 44.3 94.71 42 19.3 20.30 33 18.8 16.57 45 41.3 109.50 99 25.1 26.32 483 35.8 79.17 51 46.9 54.67 49 37.3 45.21 42 22.3 23.74 43 43.9 79.91 76 13.7 14.40 23 28.1 26.66 80 43.2 87.57 119 42.8 122.80potperkgu~el Sweet potato price earned per kg (USD) 522 0.1 0.10 82 0.1 0.12 41 0.1 0.04 54 0.1 0.14 57 0.1 0.06 76 0.1 0.07 34 0.0 0.01 72 0.1 0.12 106 0.1 0.11 359 0.3 0.74 43 0.3 1.03 28 0.1 0.09 35 0.1 0.19 44 0.2 0.11 38 0.1 0.08 31 0.5 1.26 44 0.4 0.72 96 0.3 0.88 392 0.2 0.58 41 0.2 0.25 41 0.2 0.41 32 0.1 0.12 36 0.2 0.19 64 0.1 0.15 18 1.0 2.13 56 0.2 0.28 104 0.2 0.48poti~susd el Total value of inputs to sweet potato production (USD) 1288 1.6 6.07 216 1.6 4.16 95 3.0 14.19 112 0.3 0.74 124 2.0 6.15 165 1.4 2.52 118 1.8 4.25 209 1.1 3.28 249 1.8 7.58 944 1.4 4.37 154 0.5 1.91 63 2.3 5.13 89 0.8 1.67 122 1.1 2.60 115 1.5 2.73 112 2.2 3.60 93 1.2 4.90 196 1.9 7.14 1179 2.0 6.07 118 1.9 5.46 102 2.0 5.53 105 1.8 4.93 91 0.8 2.60 180 1.0 2.67 128 5.0 8.96 218 1.4 4.33 237 2.4 8.37potmargin el Individual level gross margin for sweet potatoes(USD per Ha) 517 3,303.0 23,506.00 80 476.8 1,223.00 41 15,536.0 76,432.00 54 3,730.0 10,039.00 56 189.0 198.60 76 3,281.0 18,323.00 34 3,623.0 8,198.00 72 2,719.0 5,982.00 104 2,426.0 9,129.00 349 2,060.0 7,415.00 41 3,551.0 10,707.00 28 923.2 2,107.00 33 3,039.0 10,289.00 42 897.7 3,197.00 37 1,884.0 4,683.00 30 5,507.0 13,996.00 42 2,041.0 8,045.00 96 925.9 2,902.00 373 2,260.0 8,604.00 40 470.0 883.70 38 783.1 3,007.00 30 877.0 3,712.00 35 1,111.0 2,963.00 60 1,412.0 4,007.00 18 6,600.0 13,577.00 54 5,084.0 14,965.00 98 2,563.0 9,836.00potmarg~q el Individual level gross margin for sweet potatoes(USD/Ha, excluding land reported 421 272.2 550.60 74 277.3 349.70 33 269.5 273.40 41 150.4 106.10 56 189.0 198.60 59 122.5 140.90 18 413.0 383.10 55 325.9 415.10 85 421.8 1,067.00 278 338.8 1,462.00 29 213.3 296.00 22 320.8 260.10 26 105.0 105.10 35 239.4 199.50 26 156.1 158.40 18 128.0 118.00 35 374.2 345.60 87 579.0 2,580.00 313 303.0 579.10 32 213.5 245.90 36 278.0 273.60 26 202.9 223.60 30 261.6 285.50 48 137.3 151.20 11 93.4 117.50 46 518.8 947.90 84 397.4 772.90selltimep~el Number of days it took to sell sweet potato harvest 1280 4.5 13.99 216 6.2 15.56 94 5.9 13.82 112 4.5 11.76 123 12.6 30.06 165 2.3 6.52 115 1.4 5.99 209 2.6 7.48 246 2.8 9.06 939 5.7 17.83 154 3.8 15.99 63 4.6 10.07 89 3.5 13.87 122 4.4 15.43 115 4.5 12.51 109 3.2 12.63 93 3.4 8.83 194 12.5 28.21 1127 6.9 20.88 116 10.0 23.09 93 3.7 8.53 105 6.2 18.01 91 11.6 42.82 174 8.3 23.41 107 1.3 5.33 216 4.9 11.13 225 8.8 20.06F i P ti Farming Practicesfarmclub el Household members have participated in farmers' club 5043 24.4% 0.43 566 33.0% 0.47 570 20.9% 0.41 546 18% 0.38 563 25.8% 0.44 562 25.8% 0.44 544 35.3% 0.48 843 21.0% 0.41 849 19.8% 0.40 5039 25.9% 0.44 567 39.2% 0.49 573 25.5% 0.44 532 19.9% 0.40 571 22.2% 0.42 598 25.4% 0.44 508 30.9% 0.46 840 23.7% 0.43 850 23.2% 0.42 5314 26.9% 0.44 571 41.9% 0.49 586 27.6% 0.45 571 16.3% 0.37 587 25.2% 0.44 695 30.1% 0.46 571 27.5% 0.45 866 24.2% 0.43 867 24.6% 0.43farmclubm~el Male in household participates in farmers' club 5154 13.0% 0.34 569 16.3% 0.37 583 12.9% 0.34 550 7% 0.25 587 12.8% 0.33 565 15.2% 0.36 559 17.2% 0.38 870 13.8% 0.35 871 10.0% 0.30 5214 13.6% 0.34 571 20.8% 0.41 586 14.7% 0.35 554 6.1% 0.24 587 12.1% 0.33 610 13.0% 0.34 563 14.6% 0.35 870 14.7% 0.35 873 12.6% 0.33 5314 16.8% 0.37 571 23.3% 0.42 586 20.1% 0.40 571 9.3% 0.29 587 15.7% 0.36 695 19.6% 0.40 571 14.2% 0.35 866 17.0% 0.38 867 15.5% 0.36farmclubf~el Female in household participates in farmers' club 5154 14.7% 0.35 569 20.6% 0.41 583 11.3% 0.32 550 12% 0.33 587 16.7% 0.37 565 13.5% 0.34 559 21.1% 0.41 870 11.4% 0.32 871 13.3% 0.34 5214 15.1% 0.36 571 25.0% 0.43 586 13.7% 0.34 554 14.6% 0.35 587 13.1% 0.34 610 13.6% 0.34 563 17.6% 0.38 870 12.3% 0.33 873 13.4% 0.34 5314 14.5% 0.35 571 25.4% 0.44 586 13.1% 0.34 571 8.6% 0.28 587 12.8% 0.33 695 15.1% 0.36 571 17.7% 0.38 866 11.5% 0.32 867 13.8% 0.35phone4bus~el Used mobile phone for business in past year (e.g. check crop prices) 5043 5.0% 0.22 566 3.5% 0.19 570 4.0% 0.20 546 2% 0.14 563 2.1% 0.15 562 5.7% 0.23 544 4.2% 0.20 843 9.6% 0.30 849 5.8% 0.23 5039 5.0% 0.22 567 4.4% 0.21 573 8.2% 0.28 532 3.0% 0.17 571 3.5% 0.18 598 3.9% 0.19 508 3.2% 0.18 840 8.5% 0.28 850 4.1% 0.20 5314 5.4% 0.23 571 4.7% 0.21 586 6.8% 0.25 571 3.2% 0.18 587 2.6% 0.16 695 4.0% 0.20 571 3.5% 0.18 866 8.1% 0.27 867 7.7% 0.27harvestra~el Sold last harvest through trader at home 4595 35.4% 0.48 513 22.6% 0.42 509 30.6% 0.46 498 45% 0.50 517 34.6% 0.48 503 21.5% 0.41 505 18.6% 0.39 788 46.1% 0.50 762 50.5% 0.50 233 49.4% 0.50 24 37.5% 0.50 50 40.0% 0.50 19 68.4% 0.48 27 59.3% 0.50 21 23.8% 0.44 11 18.2% 0.41 41 43.9% 0.50 40 80.0% 0.41 3082 50.5% 0.50 329 34.0% 0.48 445 39.8% 0.49 295 52.5% 0.50 363 57.0% 0.50 380 23.2% 0.42 160 43.1% 0.50 516 58.7% 0.49 594 75.1% 0.43harvestma~el Sold last harvest at market 4595 23.3% 0.42 513 16.4% 0.37 509 34.2% 0.48 498 19% 0.40 517 24.4% 0.43 503 40.0% 0.49 505 18.0% 0.39 788 23.7% 0.43 762 14.6% 0.35 233 44.6% 0.50 24 58.3% 0.50 50 58.0% 0.50 19 26.3% 0.45 27 40.7% 0.50 21 71.4% 0.46 11 81.8% 0.41 41 34.1% 0.48 40 17.5% 0.39 3082 46.6% 0.50 329 61.4% 0.49 445 60.0% 0.49 295 44.1% 0.50 363 39.1% 0.49 380 73.9% 0.44 160 53.1% 0.50 516 36.6% 0.48 594 23.7% 0.43harvestwa~el Sold last harvest through warehouse 4595 0.9% 0.09 513 1.2% 0.11 509 1.2% 0.11 498 1% 0.08 517 0.6% 0.08 503 0.6% 0.08 505 0.2% 0.04 788 1.4% 0.12 762 1.1% 0.10 233 6.0% 0.24 24 4.2% 0.20 50 2.0% 0.14 19 5.3% 0.23 27 0.0% 0.00 21 4.8% 0.22 11 0.0% 0.00 41 22.0% 0.42 40 2.5% 0.16 3082 2.9% 0.17 329 4.6% 0.21 445 0.2% 0.05 295 3.4% 0.18 363 3.9% 0.19 380 2.9% 0.17 160 3.8% 0.19 516 4.7% 0.21 594 1.2% 0.11changedag el Changed agriculture practices in past 12 months 5043 19.4% 0.40 566 34.3% 0.48 570 10.9% 0.31 546 11% 0.31 563 13.5% 0.34 562 22.1% 0.42 544 25.9% 0.44 843 26.3% 0.44 849 11.7% 0.32 4903 21.7% 0.41 558 33.7% 0.47 568 18.3% 0.39 517 13.0% 0.34 552 13.8% 0.35 591 19.6% 0.40 479 24.0% 0.43 817 32.4% 0.47 821 16.0% 0.37 5058 18.1% 0.39 556 24.6% 0.43 569 16.0% 0.37 551 13.1% 0.34 575 13.7% 0.35 664 21.2% 0.41 501 21.6% 0.41 805 21.0% 0.41 837 14.1% 0.35lesswater el Use less water 977 5.0% 0.22 194 7.2% 0.26 62 6.5% 0.25 59 5% 0.22 76 13.2% 0.34 124 0.8% 0.09 141 4.3% 0.20 222 2.3% 0.15 99 6.1% 0.24 4969 1.8% 0.13 562 6.4% 0.25 573 0.2% 0.04 527 1.7% 0.13 560 0.7% 0.08 596 2.9% 0.17 491 1.4% 0.12 828 0.7% 0.08 832 1.1% 0.10 5058 0.4% 0.07 556 0.9% 0.09 569 0.4% 0.06 551 0.2% 0.04 575 0.3% 0.06 664 0.8% 0.09 501 0.6% 0.08 805 0.4% 0.06 837 0.1% 0.03orgfertil el Use organic fertilizer 977 8.7% 0.28 194 5.2% 0.22 62 4.8% 0.22 59 3% 0.18 76 5.3% 0.23 124 8.9% 0.29 141 5.7% 0.23 222 18.9% 0.39 99 5.1% 0.22 4969 2.0% 0.14 562 3.4% 0.18 573 0.7% 0.08 527 0.6% 0.08 560 0.4% 0.06 596 0.8% 0.09 491 1.0% 0.10 828 5.9% 0.24 832 1.2% 0.11 5058 2.1% 0.14 556 2.5% 0.16 569 1.4% 0.12 551 2.4% 0.15 575 2.1% 0.14 664 3.3% 0.18 501 2.6% 0.16 805 2.1% 0.14 837 0.8% 0.09worms el Use earthworms 977 2.9% 0.17 194 2.1% 0.14 62 0.0% 0.00 59 0% 0.00 76 9.2% 0.29 124 4.0% 0.20 141 5.7% 0.23 222 0.9% 0.09 99 2.0% 0.14 4969 0.3% 0.05 562 0.4% 0.06 573 0.2% 0.04 527 0.4% 0.06 560 0.2% 0.04 596 0.0% 0.00 491 0.0% 0.00 828 0.0% 0.00 832 1.0% 0.10 5058 0.4% 0.06 556 1.1% 0.10 569 0.2% 0.04 551 0.0% 0.00 575 0.3% 0.06 664 0.5% 0.07 501 0.0% 0.00 805 0.1% 0.04 837 0.7% 0.08diffcrop el Use different type of crop 977 11.1% 0.31 194 8.3% 0.28 62 6.5% 0.25 59 7% 0.25 76 21.1% 0.41 124 16.9% 0.38 141 7.1% 0.26 222 9.9% 0.30 99 15.2% 0.36 4969 2.3% 0.15 562 4.5% 0.21 573 1.9% 0.14 527 2.5% 0.16 560 2.7% 0.16 596 1.7% 0.13 491 0.4% 0.06 828 2.4% 0.15 832 2.3% 0.15 5058 2.6% 0.16 556 4.0% 0.20 569 2.3% 0.15 551 1.5% 0.12 575 2.1% 0.14 664 3.5% 0.18 501 1.6% 0.13 805 2.7% 0.16 837 2.9% 0.17mixcrop el Practice mixed cropping 977 7.8% 0.27 194 7.2% 0.26 62 8.1% 0.28 59 5% 0.22 76 10.5% 0.31 124 2.4% 0.15 141 2.8% 0.17 222 14.9% 0.36 99 6.1% 0.24 4969 1.6% 0.13 562 1.4% 0.12 573 0.5% 0.07 527 1.1% 0.11 560 0.9% 0.09 596 0.8% 0.09 491 0.6% 0.08 828 5.7% 0.23 832 0.5% 0.07 5058 1.3% 0.12 556 1.1% 0.10 569 0.5% 0.07 551 0.7% 0.09 575 1.4% 0.12 664 2.1% 0.14 501 1.6% 0.13 805 2.2% 0.15 837 0.8% 0.09rotation el Practice crop rotation 977 25.3% 0.44 194 13.9% 0.35 62 12.9% 0.34 59 14% 0.35 76 19.7% 0.40 124 27.4% 0.45 141 19.1% 0.40 222 41.9% 0.49 99 35.4% 0.48 4969 5.0% 0.22 562 5.7% 0.23 573 1.4% 0.12 527 3.6% 0.19 560 4.3% 0.20 596 4.4% 0.20 491 3.1% 0.17 828 12.0% 0.33 832 3.0% 0.17 5058 4.5% 0.21 556 4.9% 0.22 569 6.0% 0.24 551 2.7% 0.16 575 3.0% 0.17 664 4.7% 0.21 501 3.8% 0.19 805 7.5% 0.26 837 3.0% 0.17irrigatio~el Use irrigation 977 3.2% 0.18 194 1.0% 0.10 62 3.2% 0.18 59 2% 0.13 76 5.3% 0.23 124 4.8% 0.22 141 5.7% 0.23 222 3.6% 0.19 99 0.0% 0.00 4969 1.4% 0.12 562 1.6% 0.13 573 0.5% 0.07 527 0.0% 0.00 560 1.1% 0.10 596 1.2% 0.11 491 4.9% 0.22 828 1.6% 0.12 832 0.8% 0.09 5058 0.4% 0.07 556 0.4% 0.06 569 0.0% 0.00 551 0.2% 0.04 575 0.3% 0.06 664 0.5% 0.07 501 1.8% 0.13 805 0.4% 0.06 837 0.2% 0.05impseed el Use improved seeds 977 18.1% 0.39 194 12.9% 0.34 62 19.4% 0.40 59 15% 0.36 76 30.3% 0.46 124 21.8% 0.41 141 14.9% 0.36 222 20.7% 0.41 99 14.1% 0.35 4969 3.8% 0.19 562 6.6% 0.25 573 4.0% 0.20 527 1.9% 0.14 560 4.1% 0.20 596 5.7% 0.23 491 1.8% 0.13 828 4.2% 0.20 832 2.4% 0.15 5058 3.3% 0.18 556 2.5% 0.16 569 2.8% 0.17 551 3.1% 0.17 575 1.9% 0.14 664 6.0% 0.24 501 3.6% 0.19 805 3.5% 0.18 837 2.5% 0.16nonorgfer~el Use non-organic fertilizer 977 13.1% 0.34 194 26.3% 0.44 62 19.4% 0.40 59 8% 0.28 76 14.5% 0.35 124 4.8% 0.22 141 11.3% 0.32 222 6.8% 0.25 99 12.1% 0.33 4969 4.5% 0.21 562 11.7% 0.32 573 6.1% 0.24 527 0.9% 0.10 560 1.1% 0.10 596 2.9% 0.17 491 6.9% 0.25 828 4.4% 0.20 832 3.1% 0.17 5058 2.7% 0.16 556 4.1% 0.20 569 4.0% 0.20 551 2.2% 0.15 575 1.7% 0.13 664 3.2% 0.18 501 4.0% 0.20 805 2.0% 0.14 837 1.6% 0.12changedcr~el Type of crop grown changed in recent years 5043 27.2% 0.45 566 36.4% 0.48 570 17.2% 0.38 546 23% 0.42 563 18.3% 0.39 562 27.2% 0.45 544 33.8% 0.47 843 36.5% 0.48 849 22.9% 0.42 4904 27.6% 0.45 558 36.9% 0.48 568 25.5% 0.44 517 19.0% 0.39 552 17.4% 0.38 591 32.8% 0.47 480 27.5% 0.45 817 37.7% 0.49 821 21.4% 0.41 5062 25.5% 0.44 556 31.8% 0.47 569 24.8% 0.43 551 22.3% 0.42 575 19.3% 0.40 665 31.3% 0.46 503 30.4% 0.46 805 27.5% 0.45 838 18.7% 0.39ngonewsee~el NGO offered new seed/told to change crops 1374 10.2% 0.30 206 12.6% 0.33 98 4.1% 0.20 128 4% 0.20 103 13.6% 0.34 153 5.9% 0.24 184 8.2% 0.27 308 17.2% 0.38 194 7.2% 0.26 4969 2.2% 0.15 562 1.6% 0.13 573 1.1% 0.10 527 0.6% 0.08 560 0.9% 0.09 596 1.3% 0.12 491 2.9% 0.17 828 4.5% 0.21 832 3.5% 0.18 5058 3.0% 0.17 556 4.7% 0.21 569 3.0% 0.17 551 2.0% 0.14 575 0.9% 0.09 664 3.8% 0.19 501 4.2% 0.20 805 3.4% 0.18 837 2.0% 0.14cheapseed el Certain type of seed became easier/cheaper to access 1374 12.4% 0.33 206 6.8% 0.25 98 9.2% 0.29 128 17% 0.38 103 15.5% 0.36 153 7.8% 0.27 184 4.4% 0.20 308 23.7% 0.43 194 8.3% 0.28 4969 2.9% 0.17 562 3.6% 0.19 573 2.4% 0.16 527 0.8% 0.09 560 2.9% 0.17 596 1.0% 0.10 491 2.0% 0.14 828 7.7% 0.27 832 1.1% 0.10 5058 3.4% 0.18 556 5.2% 0.22 569 1.9% 0.14 551 2.0% 0.14 575 5.0% 0.22 664 5.4% 0.23 501 0.8% 0.09 805 4.5% 0.21 837 1.7% 0.13moreland el Gained access to additional land 1374 1.5% 0.12 206 1.0% 0.10 98 1.0% 0.10 128 2% 0.15 103 1.9% 0.14 153 0.0% 0.00 184 2.7% 0.16 308 1.0% 0.10 194 2.1% 0.14 4969 0.5% 0.07 562 0.5% 0.07 573 0.0% 0.00 527 0.8% 0.09 560 0.5% 0.07 596 0.3% 0.06 491 0.2% 0.05 828 0.1% 0.03 832 1.3% 0.11 5058 0.6% 0.08 556 0.2% 0.04 569 1.6% 0.13 551 0.4% 0.06 575 0.0% 0.00 664 0.6% 0.08 501 0.0% 0.00 805 0.6% 0.08 837 1.2% 0.11seedloan el Received loan 1374 0.7% 0.09 206 0.0% 0.00 98 1.0% 0.10 128 1% 0.09 103 1.0% 0.10 153 2.6% 0.16 184 0.5% 0.07 308 0.3% 0.06 194 0.5% 0.07 4969 0.1% 0.03 562 0.0% 0.00 573 0.3% 0.06 527 0.0% 0.00 560 0.0% 0.00 596 0.0% 0.00 491 0.0% 0.00 828 0.2% 0.05 832 0.1% 0.03 5058 0.2% 0.04 556 0.0% 0.00 569 0.5% 0.07 551 0.0% 0.00 575 0.0% 0.00 664 0.0% 0.00 501 0.4% 0.06 805 0.2% 0.05 837 0.1% 0.03cropdivtr~el Received crop diversification training 1374 23.2% 0.42 206 11.7% 0.32 98 28.6% 0.45 128 22% 0.42 103 31.1% 0.47 153 20.3% 0.40 184 17.9% 0.39 308 28.6% 0.45 194 28.4% 0.45 4969 5.8% 0.23 562 8.5% 0.28 573 5.9% 0.24 527 1.7% 0.13 560 3.9% 0.19 596 6.2% 0.24 491 6.5% 0.25 828 6.3% 0.24 832 6.3% 0.24 5058 7.2% 0.26 556 7.2% 0.26 569 9.5% 0.29 551 3.5% 0.18 575 5.0% 0.22 664 8.6% 0.28 501 7.0% 0.26 805 8.9% 0.29 837 6.7% 0.25wantnewcr~el Wanted to add new crop 1374 29.2% 0.46 206 13.1% 0.34 98 20.4% 0.41 128 35% 0.48 103 50.5% 0.50 153 32.0% 0.47 184 18.5% 0.39 308 24.0% 0.43 194 51.5% 0.50 4969 7.4% 0.26 562 9.4% 0.29 573 8.0% 0.27 527 5.9% 0.24 560 8.2% 0.28 596 5.5% 0.23 491 6.5% 0.25 828 10.0% 0.30 832 5.4% 0.23 5058 8.6% 0.28 556 9.7% 0.30 569 4.6% 0.21 551 10.3% 0.31 575 9.6% 0.29 664 9.9% 0.30 501 10.2% 0.30 805 7.5% 0.26 837 7.8% 0.27rainchang~el Change in rainfall pattern 1374 48.1% 0.50 206 69.9% 0.46 98 49.0% 0.50 128 38% 0.49 103 32.0% 0.47 153 53.6% 0.50 184 62.5% 0.49 308 45.8% 0.50 194 25.3% 0.44 4969 13.3% 0.34 562 22.2% 0.42 573 10.6% 0.31 527 10.2% 0.30 560 5.5% 0.23 596 22.5% 0.42 491 10.8% 0.31 828 17.6% 0.38 832 6.7% 0.25 5058 7.8% 0.27 556 11.5% 0.32 569 6.7% 0.25 551 7.6% 0.27 575 2.8% 0.17 664 10.1% 0.30 501 14.0% 0.35 805 8.6% 0.28 837 3.2% 0.18discardgn el Groundnut farmer discarded portion of crop during the grading process due to con 625 43.0% 0.50 75 32.0% 0.47 79 40.5% 0.49 96 54% 0.50 105 56.2% 0.50 78 42.3% 0.50 30 43.3% 0.50 78 20.5% 0.41 84 47.6% 0.50 1626 8.9% 0.28 203 5.4% 0.23 279 12.2% 0.33 200 11.5% 0.32 283 8.8% 0.28 190 10.0% 0.30 67 11.9% 0.33 204 5.4% 0.23 200 6.5% 0.25 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/arejectgn el Groundnut farmer had all/portion of crop rejected at market/warehouse due to con 125 33.6% 0.47 16 6.3% 0.25 25 48.0% 0.51 13 46% 0.52 17 41.2% 0.51 14 21.4% 0.43 8 50.0% 0.54 18 16.7% 0.38 14 42.9% 0.51 1626 1.3% 0.11 203 1.0% 0.10 279 1.8% 0.13 200 1.5% 0.12 283 1.1% 0.10 190 0.5% 0.07 67 0.0% 0.00 204 1.0% 0.10 200 2.5% 0.16 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/adiscardso~el Soya farmer discarded portion of crop during the grading process due to contamin 129 27.9% 0.45 10 20.0% 0.42 54 33.3% 0.48 8 13% 0.35 31 32.3% 0.48 10 30.0% 0.48 1 0.0% n/a 2 0.0% 0.00 13 15.4% 0.38 533 8.8% 0.28 52 1.9% 0.14 266 9.0% 0.29 22 13.6% 0.35 93 17.2% 0.38 56 3.6% 0.19 2 0.0% 0.00 23 0.0% 0.00 19 5.3% 0.23 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/arejectsoy el Soya farmer had all/portion of crop rejected at market/warehouse due to contamin 26 30.8% 0.47 2 0.0% 0.00 16 37.5% 0.50 1 0% n/a 2 50.0% 0.71 4 0.0% 0.00 1 100.0% n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 533 1.5% 0.12 52 0.0% 0.00 266 1.1% 0.11 22 9.1% 0.29 93 2.2% 0.15 56 1.8% 0.13 2 0.0% 0.00 23 0.0% 0.00 19 0.0% 0.00 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/adiscardpo~el Sweet potato farmer discarded portion of crop during the grading process due to 460 32.6% 0.47 75 17.3% 0.38 30 30.0% 0.47 33 27% 0.45 45 24.4% 0.44 64 43.8% 0.50 44 40.9% 0.50 68 41.2% 0.50 101 33.7% 0.48 944 7.9% 0.27 154 5.2% 0.22 63 9.5% 0.30 89 7.9% 0.27 122 5.7% 0.23 115 1.7% 0.13 112 9.8% 0.30 93 21.5% 0.41 196 7.1% 0.26 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/arejectpot el Sweet potato farmer had all/portion of crop rejected at market/warehouse due to 96 19.8% 0.40 18 16.7% 0.38 9 11.1% 0.33 4 0% 0.00 8 0.0% 0.00 8 12.5% 0.35 10 40.0% 0.52 20 25.0% 0.44 19 26.3% 0.45 944 0.8% 0.09 154 0.6% 0.08 63 0.0% 0.00 89 1.1% 0.11 122 0.0% 0.00 115 0.9% 0.09 112 0.0% 0.00 93 5.4% 0.23 196 0.0% 0.00 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/adiscardma~el Farmer discarded portion of maize crop during the grading process due to contami 1443 54.5% 0.50 164 51.8% 0.50 114 44.7% 0.50 156 64% 0.48 154 59.1% 0.49 166 48.2% 0.50 187 53.5% 0.50 228 61.4% 0.49 274 50.7% 0.50 4762 10.9% 0.31 551 8.7% 0.28 556 8.1% 0.27 496 13.7% 0.34 533 4.7% 0.21 587 8.2% 0.27 459 11.1% 0.32 785 16.4% 0.37 795 13.1% 0.34 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/arejectmai~el Farmer had all/portion of maize crop rejected at market/warehouse due to contami 300 27.3% 0.45 36 13.9% 0.35 35 37.1% 0.49 27 37% 0.49 24 8.3% 0.28 27 25.9% 0.45 36 30.6% 0.47 51 31.4% 0.47 64 28.1% 0.45 4762 1.0% 0.10 551 0.4% 0.06 556 0.9% 0.09 496 0.4% 0.06 533 0.0% 0.00 587 0.5% 0.07 459 1.1% 0.10 785 2.9% 0.17 795 1.1% 0.11 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/aW ' P ti W omen's Participation in Decision-Makingl06a F el Decisions: Food crop farming 4382 79.6% 0.40 507 76.3% 0.43 521 72.7% 0.45 482 80% 0.40 480 84.0% 0.37 497 80.5% 0.40 441 65.3% 0.48 737 87.2% 0.33 717 84.1% 0.37 4278 81.6% 0.39 500 84.4% 0.36 513 72.5% 0.45 450 82.7% 0.38 455 81.3% 0.39 536 81.5% 0.39 415 76.1% 0.43 694 86.5% 0.34 715 83.9% 0.37 3825 80.7% 0.40 481 82.3% 0.38 513 73.9% 0.44 465 75.3% 0.43 525 81.3% 0.39 560 79.8% 0.40 0 n/a n/a 617 90.4% 0.29 664 79.8% 0.40l08a F el Decisions: Livestock raising 2443 85.1% 0.36 289 82.7% 0.38 274 81.0% 0.39 269 84% 0.37 263 84.0% 0.37 289 85.8% 0.35 125 75.2% 0.43 553 88.8% 0.32 381 88.7% 0.32 1970 85.2% 0.36 285 85.3% 0.36 247 78.5% 0.41 174 86.2% 0.35 209 78.9% 0.41 157 84.7% 0.36 151 81.5% 0.39 456 91.0% 0.29 291 87.6% 0.33 1761 86.3% 0.34 228 83.8% 0.37 212 78.8% 0.41 155 89.0% 0.31 182 86.8% 0.34 285 82.8% 0.38 0 n/a n/a 400 93.5% 0.25 299 85.6% 0.35l10a F el Decisions: Non-farm economic activities 1493 86.1% 0.35 185 87.0% 0.34 147 85.0% 0.36 130 81% 0.40 154 76.6% 0.43 178 88.8% 0.32 180 80.6% 0.40 320 90.3% 0.30 199 92.5% 0.27 1444 85.2% 0.36 203 85.2% 0.36 146 72.6% 0.45 126 93.7% 0.25 114 85.1% 0.36 153 80.4% 0.40 116 82.8% 0.38 360 88.1% 0.33 226 88.5% 0.32 1174 86.3% 0.34 158 88.6% 0.32 143 80.4% 0.40 115 84.3% 0.37 79 75.9% 0.43 184 81.5% 0.39 0 n/a n/a 301 93.7% 0.24 194 87.1% 0.34l12a F el Decisions: Wage employment 1669 84.2% 0.37 208 84.1% 0.37 178 80.3% 0.40 213 84% 0.37 248 87.9% 0.33 205 86.8% 0.34 199 71.9% 0.45 172 89.0% 0.31 246 88.2% 0.32 1615 82.1% 0.38 246 80.5% 0.40 194 77.3% 0.42 228 89.9% 0.30 203 87.2% 0.34 167 76.6% 0.42 156 72.4% 0.45 198 84.3% 0.36 223 84.3% 0.37 1056 82.5% 0.38 192 86.5% 0.34 138 72.5% 0.45 129 78.3% 0.41 178 85.4% 0.35 150 82.0% 0.39 0 n/a n/a 116 90.5% 0.29 153 81.0% 0.39l06b F el Decisions: Use of income from food crop farming 3331 76.4% 0.42 309 77.0% 0.42 375 67.5% 0.47 399 80% 0.40 382 81.9% 0.39 382 73.6% 0.44 341 58.4% 0.49 525 84.6% 0.36 618 80.7% 0.40 4278 82.3% 0.38 500 86.6% 0.34 513 76.4% 0.43 450 85.8% 0.35 455 78.7% 0.41 536 80.6% 0.40 415 74.7% 0.44 694 88.6% 0.32 715 83.1% 0.38 2946 74.1% 0.44 361 75.9% 0.43 451 70.5% 0.46 378 70.9% 0.46 384 73.4% 0.44 460 72.0% 0.45 0 n/a n/a 393 83.5% 0.37 519 73.8% 0.44l08b F el Decisions: Use of income livestock raising 1950 81.1% 0.39 234 79.5% 0.41 211 75.8% 0.43 204 84% 0.37 214 81.3% 0.39 236 77.1% 0.42 117 68.4% 0.47 409 85.8% 0.35 325 85.2% 0.36 1970 84.8% 0.36 285 89.1% 0.31 247 74.5% 0.44 174 85.6% 0.35 209 78.5% 0.41 157 83.4% 0.37 151 79.5% 0.41 456 92.3% 0.27 291 84.9% 0.36 1341 79.4% 0.40 186 78.0% 0.42 175 69.7% 0.46 118 82.2% 0.38 137 78.8% 0.41 229 75.1% 0.43 0 n/a n/a 292 87.7% 0.33 204 80.9% 0.39l10b F el Decisions: Use of income from non-farm economic activities 1463 83.3% 0.37 180 85.6% 0.35 142 79.6% 0.41 130 82% 0.39 144 78.5% 0.41 174 85.6% 0.35 179 70.4% 0.46 319 89.3% 0.31 195 88.2% 0.32 1444 83.2% 0.37 203 82.3% 0.38 146 73.3% 0.44 126 93.7% 0.25 114 82.5% 0.38 153 79.7% 0.40 116 82.8% 0.38 360 87.5% 0.33 226 80.5% 0.40 1134 81.4% 0.39 155 87.1% 0.34 141 66.0% 0.48 109 82.6% 0.38 76 75.0% 0.44 179 76.5% 0.43 0 n/a n/a 295 91.5% 0.28 179 78.8% 0.41l12b F el Decisions: Use of income from wage employment 1721 85.2% 0.36 217 84.8% 0.36 202 87.1% 0.34 213 83% 0.38 243 83.1% 0.38 211 88.2% 0.32 203 71.9% 0.45 172 91.9% 0.27 260 91.2% 0.29 1615 84.1% 0.37 246 82.5% 0.38 194 77.8% 0.42 228 90.8% 0.29 203 85.2% 0.36 167 79.0% 0.41 156 76.9% 0.42 198 88.4% 0.32 223 88.3% 0.32 1105 83.2% 0.37 197 85.3% 0.36 144 76.4% 0.43 141 82.3% 0.38 181 78.5% 0.41 155 81.3% 0.39 0 n/a n/a 124 92.7% 0.26 163 87.1% 0.34l02a F el Decisions: Inputs for Agriculture 5154 60.2% 0.49 569 61.0% 0.49 583 51.3% 0.50 550 69% 0.46 587 68.7% 0.46 565 59.6% 0.49 559 52.8% 0.50 870 58.4% 0.49 871 61.3% 0.49 5214 5.6% 0.23 571 5.6% 0.23 586 5.6% 0.23 554 6.1% 0.24 587 7.8% 0.27 610 4.9% 0.22 563 4.4% 0.21 870 4.8% 0.21 873 5.5% 0.23 4743 46.2% 0.50 571 48.7% 0.50 586 38.2% 0.49 571 44.0% 0.50 587 44.0% 0.50 695 49.1% 0.50 0 n/a n/a 866 49.3% 0.50 867 47.3% 0.50l02b F el Decisions: Types of crops to grow 5154 68.0% 0.47 569 70.5% 0.46 583 58.1% 0.49 550 75% 0.44 587 71.0% 0.45 565 68.0% 0.47 559 59.4% 0.49 870 74.5% 0.44 871 66.1% 0.47 5214 6.2% 0.24 571 6.5% 0.25 586 6.3% 0.24 554 7.0% 0.26 587 8.4% 0.28 610 5.7% 0.23 563 4.8% 0.21 870 5.5% 0.23 873 6.1% 0.24 4743 57.4% 0.50 571 61.1% 0.49 586 48.5% 0.50 571 52.7% 0.50 587 54.3% 0.50 695 59.4% 0.49 0 n/a n/a 866 66.5% 0.47 867 55.5% 0.50l02c F el Decisions: Taking crops to market 5154 59.2% 0.49 569 53.1% 0.50 583 50.4% 0.50 550 68% 0.47 587 58.3% 0.49 565 64.2% 0.48 559 49.9% 0.50 870 67.8% 0.47 871 58.4% 0.49 5214 56.2% 0.50 571 62.9% 0.48 586 45.7% 0.50 554 49.6% 0.50 587 56.7% 0.50 610 61.1% 0.49 563 53.1% 0.50 870 60.7% 0.49 873 56.7% 0.50 4743 51.4% 0.50 571 56.9% 0.50 586 43.2% 0.50 571 42.0% 0.49 587 51.3% 0.50 695 56.7% 0.50 0 n/a n/a 866 56.1% 0.50 867 50.9% 0.50l02h F el Decisions: Family planning 5154 56.3% 0.50 569 52.7% 0.50 583 56.3% 0.50 550 63% 0.48 587 61.0% 0.49 565 53.8% 0.50 559 51.0% 0.50 870 57.7% 0.49 871 55.3% 0.50 5214 5.4% 0.23 571 4.6% 0.21 586 7.2% 0.26 554 4.5% 0.21 587 6.0% 0.24 610 6.1% 0.24 563 4.8% 0.21 870 4.8% 0.21 873 5.2% 0.22 4743 51.9% 0.50 571 59.0% 0.49 586 55.8% 0.50 571 44.7% 0.50 587 48.6% 0.50 695 58.1% 0.49 0 n/a n/a 866 52.1% 0.50 867 46.6% 0.50l02i F el Decisions: Participation in community decisions/activities 5154 62.3% 0.49 569 67.8% 0.47 583 57.3% 0.50 550 78% 0.42 587 67.1% 0.47 565 69.0% 0.46 559 47.2% 0.50 870 54.7% 0.50 871 62.1% 0.49 5214 5.6% 0.23 571 6.3% 0.24 586 6.3% 0.24 554 5.6% 0.23 587 7.0% 0.26 610 5.1% 0.22 563 4.4% 0.21 870 4.5% 0.21 873 5.8% 0.24 4743 52.5% 0.50 571 64.8% 0.48 586 48.5% 0.50 571 48.0% 0.50 587 53.2% 0.50 695 57.3% 0.50 0 n/a n/a 866 52.0% 0.50 867 46.1% 0.50l02j F el Decisions: Taking loans 5154 49.0% 0.50 569 53.4% 0.50 583 50.6% 0.50 550 62% 0.49 587 42.9% 0.50 565 46.2% 0.50 559 36.9% 0.48 870 53.4% 0.50 871 46.3% 0.50 5211 44.6% 0.50 571 56.4% 0.50 586 42.2% 0.49 554 41.9% 0.49 587 38.8% 0.49 610 42.1% 0.49 562 42.7% 0.50 870 44.6% 0.50 871 46.8% 0.50 4743 37.5% 0.48 571 44.0% 0.50 586 37.2% 0.48 571 31.9% 0.47 587 39.5% 0.49 695 39.0% 0.49 0 n/a n/a 866 39.6% 0.49 867 32.4% 0.47l02k F el Decisions: Participation in groups/committees 5154 58.3% 0.49 569 63.6% 0.48 583 53.9% 0.50 550 70% 0.46 587 54.5% 0.50 565 59.6% 0.49 559 42.9% 0.50 870 64.9% 0.48 871 55.0% 0.50 5214 5.1% 0.22 571 6.0% 0.24 586 5.1% 0.22 554 4.9% 0.22 587 6.3% 0.24 610 4.9% 0.22 563 4.3% 0.20 870 5.1% 0.22 873 4.8% 0.21 4743 50.5% 0.50 571 60.4% 0.49 586 46.9% 0.50 571 45.0% 0.50 587 45.7% 0.50 695 53.5% 0.50 0 n/a n/a 866 58.2% 0.49 867 43.3% 0.50l02l F el Decisions: Schooling of boy child 5154 63.3% 0.48 569 63.4% 0.48 583 48.9% 0.50 550 69% 0.46 587 70.0% 0.46 565 61.4% 0.49 559 58.9% 0.49 870 69.0% 0.46 871 63.1% 0.48 5214 5.2% 0.22 571 5.8% 0.23 586 3.9% 0.19 554 5.6% 0.23 587 7.3% 0.26 610 4.9% 0.22 563 4.4% 0.21 870 4.3% 0.20 873 5.8% 0.24 4743 51.3% 0.50 571 56.4% 0.50 586 45.4% 0.50 571 48.3% 0.50 587 49.1% 0.50 695 52.7% 0.50 0 n/a n/a 866 54.8% 0.50 867 50.7% 0.50l02m F el Decisions: Schooling of girl child 5154 68.5% 0.47 569 68.0% 0.47 583 57.8% 0.49 550 74% 0.44 587 74.3% 0.44 565 65.8% 0.48 559 64.9% 0.48 870 72.6% 0.45 871 68.8% 0.46 5214 5.9% 0.24 571 5.1% 0.22 586 6.5% 0.25 554 6.5% 0.25 587 6.8% 0.25 610 6.1% 0.24 563 5.0% 0.22 870 5.2% 0.22 873 6.0% 0.24 4743 57.6% 0.49 571 63.2% 0.48 586 54.1% 0.50 571 53.9% 0.50 587 53.7% 0.50 695 61.9% 0.49 0 n/a n/a 866 56.8% 0.50 867 58.5% 0.49l02n F el Decisions: Health care of boy child 5154 71.9% 0.45 569 75.0% 0.43 583 59.0% 0.49 550 77% 0.42 587 77.0% 0.42 565 68.5% 0.47 559 69.1% 0.46 870 76.2% 0.43 871 71.9% 0.45 5214 6.1% 0.24 571 7.0% 0.26 586 5.5% 0.23 554 6.9% 0.25 587 7.7% 0.27 610 5.4% 0.23 563 5.2% 0.22 870 5.5% 0.23 873 6.1% 0.24 4743 63.0% 0.48 571 66.4% 0.47 586 58.5% 0.49 571 53.6% 0.50 587 63.2% 0.48 695 62.3% 0.49 0 n/a n/a 866 70.2% 0.46 867 63.4% 0.48l02o F el Decisions: Health care of girl child 5154 76.3% 0.43 569 76.8% 0.42 583 65.0% 0.48 550 80% 0.40 587 81.1% 0.39 565 72.2% 0.45 559 72.5% 0.45 870 80.6% 0.40 871 78.4% 0.41 5214 72.4% 0.45 571 73.6% 0.44 586 62.6% 0.48 554 70.0% 0.46 587 73.1% 0.44 610 75.2% 0.43 563 74.2% 0.44 870 74.6% 0.44 873 74.0% 0.44 4743 67.8% 0.47 571 72.2% 0.45 586 66.2% 0.47 571 61.3% 0.49 587 64.9% 0.48 695 69.9% 0.46 0 n/a n/a 866 69.9% 0.46 867 68.4% 0.47l02p F el Decisions: Health care 5154 77.8% 0.42 569 83.3% 0.37 583 68.8% 0.46 550 85% 0.36 587 78.7% 0.41 565 74.7% 0.44 559 72.6% 0.45 870 81.4% 0.39 871 77.3% 0.42 5214 72.7% 0.45 571 80.2% 0.40 586 63.0% 0.48 554 67.3% 0.47 587 78.4% 0.41 610 74.6% 0.44 563 75.0% 0.43 870 71.4% 0.45 873 72.7% 0.45 4743 73.7% 0.44 571 75.8% 0.43 586 74.9% 0.43 571 64.6% 0.48 587 75.8% 0.43 695 74.5% 0.44 0 n/a n/a 866 77.4% 0.42 867 71.9% 0.45Perc dec ~el WEAI: Women's participation in HH decisions (% of decisions) 5154 64.3% 0.30 569 65.7% 0.28 583 56.4% 0.32 550 72% 0.29 587 67.0% 0.29 565 63.6% 0.28 559 56.5% 0.30 870 67.6% 0.28 871 63.7% 0.30 5214 24.2% 0.19 571 26.6% 0.18 586 21.7% 0.18 554 23.0% 0.19 587 25.4% 0.20 610 24.7% 0.18 563 23.5% 0.18 870 24.2% 0.17 873 24.6% 0.19 4743 55.1% 0.31 571 60.7% 0.31 586 51.5% 0.30 571 49.2% 0.32 587 53.6% 0.32 695 57.9% 0.31 0 n/a n/a 866 58.6% 0.27 867 52.9% 0.31Food Security Food Securityfoodsec~e el Degree of food insecurity (scale of 0-18) 5154 7.9 4.86 569 8.1 4.82 583 9.0 5.34 550 8.6 4.80 587 8.3 4.62 565 7.9 4.47 559 8.8 4.22 870 6.3 4.74 871 7.2 5.01 5214 8.6 5.21 571 9.1 4.62 586 7.9 5.13 554 10.8 4.34 587 8.3 4.99 610 10.4 4.72 563 9.5 4.88 870 6.1 5.07 873 8.2 5.76 5314 6.8 5.26 571 7.2 4.98 586 6.5 5.26 571 8.7 4.94 587 7.2 5.01 695 6.9 5.28 571 9.3 5.14 866 4.1 4.55 867 5.9 5.15foodsec~L el Degree of food insecurity (scale of 0-27) 5154 11.8 6.90 569 12.0 6.86 583 13.2 7.71 550 13.0 6.83 587 12.4 6.60 565 12.0 6.16 559 13.3 5.97 870 9.7 6.68 871 10.8 7.15 5214 13.1 7.39 571 13.6 6.40 586 12.2 7.24 554 16.4 5.99 587 12.5 6.90 610 15.6 6.64 563 14.6 6.98 870 9.5 7.19 873 12.5 8.34 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/alimitvar el Ate limited variety of foods for lack of resources (frequency scale 0-3) 5151 1.8 1.18 569 1.8 1.13 583 2.1 1.16 550 1.9 1.17 587 1.8 1.11 562 1.7 1.16 559 1.9 1.05 870 1.3 1.18 871 1.7 1.26 5214 1.7 1.21 571 1.9 1.13 586 1.6 1.22 554 2.2 1.05 587 1.6 1.23 610 2.0 1.10 563 1.8 1.15 870 1.2 1.18 873 1.6 1.26 5314 1.4 1.30 571 1.3 1.27 586 1.5 1.30 571 1.7 1.27 587 1.7 1.27 695 1.4 1.27 571 1.9 1.24 866 1.0 1.21 867 1.3 1.35noeat el Went a full day without eating for lack of food (frequency scale 0-3) 5147 0.4 0.82 568 0.5 0.84 583 0.6 0.94 549 0.5 0.88 587 0.4 0.81 562 0.4 0.75 557 0.6 0.87 870 0.3 0.68 871 0.4 0.78 5214 0.7 1.01 571 0.6 0.91 586 0.6 0.95 554 0.9 1.09 587 0.7 0.97 610 0.9 1.05 563 0.9 1.05 870 0.4 0.81 873 0.7 1.09 5314 0.4 0.83 571 0.5 0.90 586 0.4 0.84 571 0.5 0.85 587 0.4 0.78 695 0.4 0.86 571 0.7 1.01 866 0.2 0.62 867 0.3 0.70badfood el Ate some undesired foods for lack of resources (frequency scale 0-3) 5148 1.7 1.20 569 1.7 1.15 580 2.0 1.20 550 1.7 1.21 587 1.8 1.13 565 1.6 1.20 558 2.0 1.02 868 1.4 1.17 871 1.5 1.30 5214 1.7 1.21 571 1.9 1.13 586 1.6 1.24 554 1.9 1.17 587 1.6 1.26 610 1.9 1.13 563 1.9 1.12 870 1.3 1.18 873 1.6 1.24 5314 1.5 1.27 571 1.5 1.21 586 1.5 1.27 571 1.9 1.19 587 1.6 1.22 695 1.5 1.26 571 1.9 1.20 866 1.0 1.22 867 1.4 1.31eatless el Ate less than needed for lack of food (frequency scale 0-3) 5150 1.7 1.16 569 1.7 1.13 583 1.8 1.24 549 1.8 1.09 587 1.7 1.13 565 1.8 1.10 558 1.7 1.03 869 1.4 1.20 870 1.5 1.21 5214 1.8 1.15 571 1.9 1.09 586 1.7 1.20 554 2.3 0.93 587 1.7 1.18 610 2.1 0.99 563 1.8 1.08 870 1.3 1.20 873 1.7 1.19 5314 1.4 1.24 571 1.5 1.20 586 1.3 1.20 571 1.8 1.18 587 1.5 1.21 695 1.4 1.21 571 1.8 1.16 866 0.9 1.15 867 1.3 1.29fewmeals el Ate fewer meals for lack of food (frequency scale 0-3) 5150 1.5 1.16 569 1.5 1.14 582 1.6 1.26 550 1.8 1.11 587 1.6 1.12 563 1.6 1.12 559 1.7 1.01 869 1.2 1.16 871 1.4 1.19 5214 1.7 1.14 571 1.8 1.08 586 1.6 1.17 554 2.2 0.91 587 1.6 1.14 610 2.0 1.00 563 1.9 1.05 870 1.2 1.17 873 1.6 1.20 5314 1.3 1.21 571 1.5 1.18 586 1.2 1.17 571 1.7 1.14 587 1.4 1.17 695 1.3 1.18 571 1.9 1.16 866 0.7 1.06 867 1.1 1.22sleephung~el Went to sleep hungry for lack of food (frequency scale 0-3) 5148 0.8 0.97 569 0.9 1.01 583 0.9 1.06 548 1.0 0.97 587 0.9 0.99 563 0.8 0.94 557 0.9 0.94 870 0.6 0.89 871 0.7 0.93 5214 1.1 1.06 571 1.0 1.02 586 0.8 1.02 554 1.4 1.07 587 1.1 1.07 610 1.5 1.02 563 1.1 1.07 870 0.7 0.92 873 1.0 1.12 5314 0.8 0.99 571 0.9 1.01 586 0.6 0.95 571 1.1 1.02 587 0.7 0.96 695 0.8 1.04 571 1.2 1.10 866 0.4 0.78 867 0.6 0.89worry el Worried would not have enough food (frequency scale 0-3) 5148 1.6 1.15 568 1.5 1.13 583 1.4 1.24 549 1.9 1.12 587 1.7 1.15 565 1.7 1.08 559 1.8 0.98 870 1.4 1.11 867 1.4 1.19 5214 1.8 1.14 571 1.8 1.13 586 1.5 1.19 554 2.2 0.94 587 1.7 1.10 610 2.0 1.00 563 2.0 1.07 870 1.5 1.16 873 1.6 1.22 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/anonprefer el Unable to eat preferred types of food (frequency scale 0-3) 5153 1.8 1.08 569 1.7 1.05 583 2.0 1.11 550 1.9 1.07 587 1.8 1.05 565 1.9 0.98 559 1.9 0.97 870 1.5 1.12 870 1.7 1.14 5214 1.8 1.10 571 2.0 1.05 586 1.8 1.07 554 2.2 0.94 587 1.7 1.07 610 2.1 0.96 563 2.0 1.05 870 1.4 1.15 873 1.7 1.16 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/anofoodinh~el Have ever had no food of any kind in household (frequency scale 0-3) 5149 0.6 0.93 569 0.7 0.95 582 0.8 1.06 550 0.6 0.95 587 0.6 0.91 563 0.5 0.81 558 0.8 0.97 870 0.4 0.79 870 0.5 0.96 5214 0.9 1.07 571 0.7 0.96 586 1.0 1.08 554 1.1 1.08 587 0.8 1.04 610 1.1 1.07 563 1.1 1.10 870 0.5 0.88 873 1.0 1.14 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a n/aNutrition Nutritionexclusbf el Child 0-5 mo is exclusively breast fed 293 82.3% 0.38 31 80.6% 0.40 20 80.0% 0.41 37 87% 0.35 29 93.1% 0.26 30 93.3% 0.25 36 77.8% 0.42 46 67.4% 0.47 64 84.4% 0.37 292 84.9% 0.36 32 87.5% 0.34 19 73.7% 0.45 28 96.4% 0.19 42 90.5% 0.30 24 95.8% 0.20 45 75.6% 0.44 39 76.9% 0.43 63 85.7% 0.35 392 83.7% 0.37 43 90.7% 0.29 32 78.1% 0.42 37 81.1% 0.40 48 91.7% 0.28 52 94.2% 0.24 56 80.4% 0.40 54 81.5% 0.39 70 74.3% 0.44breastfed~el Child 6-23 months is breast fed 888 92.2% 0.27 90 92.2% 0.27 89 94.4% 0.23 104 95% 0.22 123 91.1% 0.29 79 93.7% 0.25 105 98.1% 0.14 130 88.5% 0.32 168 88.7% 0.32 918 95.0% 0.22 102 94.1% 0.24 109 96.3% 0.19 109 95.4% 0.21 120 97.5% 0.16 79 96.2% 0.19 113 97.3% 0.16 142 89.4% 0.31 144 95.1% 0.22 1027 93.5% 0.25 102 94.1% 0.24 98 94.9% 0.22 125 91.2% 0.28 135 97.8% 0.15 119 93.3% 0.25 119 97.5% 0.16 158 88.0% 0.33 171 93.0% 0.26mad breas~el Meets min. acceptable diet for breastfed child 6-23 months 708 12.9% 0.34 69 13.0% 0.34 77 16.9% 0.38 87 16% 0.37 97 13.4% 0.34 69 5.8% 0.24 78 7.7% 0.27 100 22.0% 0.42 131 7.6% 0.27 639 7.5% 0.26 77 5.2% 0.22 89 10.1% 0.30 74 4.1% 0.20 96 5.2% 0.22 63 0.0% 0.00 34 5.9% 0.24 101 14.9% 0.36 105 9.5% 0.30 864 10.6% 0.31 89 9.0% 0.29 87 8.1% 0.27 107 1.9% 0.14 111 11.7% 0.32 99 8.1% 0.27 106 3.8% 0.19 121 25.6% 0.44 144 13.2% 0.34mad nonbr~el Meets min. acceptable diet for non-breastfed child 6-23 months 63 3.2% 0.18 6 16.7% 0.41 5 0.0% 0.00 5 20% 0.45 10 0.0% 0.00 5 0.0% 0.00 2 0.0% 0.00 13 0.0% 0.00 17 0.0% 0.00 30 10.0% 0.31 4 0.0% 0.00 2 50.0% 0.71 3 0.0% 0.00 2 50.0% 0.71 3 0.0% 0.00 1 0.0% n/a 11 9.1% 0.30 4 0.0% 0.00 57 0.0% 0.00 6 0.0% 0.00 5 0.0% 0.00 9 0.0% 0.00 3 0.0% 0.00 6 0.0% 0.00 3 0.0% 0.00 16 0.0% 0.00 9 0.0% 0.00numfood~s el Number of food groups consumed yesterday (breastfed standard) 910 2.6 1.49 91 2.6 1.47 94 2.8 1.52 105 2.8 1.47 124 2.8 1.78 80 2.4 1.10 109 2.2 1.11 132 3.0 1.66 175 2.4 1.39 978 2.3 1.54 103 2.5 1.42 114 2.6 1.30 115 2.0 1.26 121 2.1 1.31 84 1.8 1.11 129 1.9 1.53 155 2.9 1.88 157 2.5 1.69 1100 2.4 1.41 105 2.5 1.22 101 2.7 1.20 131 2.1 1.15 139 2.5 1.22 133 2.4 1.46 123 2.0 1.35 176 2.8 1.65 192 2.6 1.52grainroot el Ate grains/roots/tubers yesterday 910 80.3% 0.40 91 81.3% 0.39 94 84.0% 0.37 105 89% 0.32 124 74.2% 0.44 80 86.3% 0.35 109 82.6% 0.38 132 78.8% 0.41 175 74.3% 0.44 978 73.7% 0.44 103 79.6% 0.41 114 86.8% 0.34 115 68.7% 0.47 121 71.1% 0.46 84 76.2% 0.43 129 66.7% 0.47 155 68.4% 0.47 157 75.8% 0.43 1100 74.9% 0.43 105 73.3% 0.44 101 88.1% 0.33 131 73.3% 0.44 139 77.7% 0.42 133 72.2% 0.45 123 72.4% 0.45 176 73.3% 0.44 192 72.9% 0.45legume el Ate legumes yesterday 884 37.3% 0.48 90 36.7% 0.49 89 43.8% 0.50 103 45% 0.50 122 44.3% 0.50 79 36.7% 0.49 105 44.8% 0.50 129 38.8% 0.49 167 19.2% 0.40 914 27.8% 0.45 102 32.4% 0.47 108 30.6% 0.46 108 20.4% 0.41 120 13.3% 0.34 79 15.2% 0.36 113 41.6% 0.50 141 36.2% 0.48 143 28.0% 0.45 1025 26.0% 0.44 101 29.7% 0.46 97 42.3% 0.50 125 11.2% 0.32 135 25.9% 0.44 119 32.8% 0.47 121 24.0% 0.43 156 25.0% 0.43 171 22.8% 0.42dairy el Ate dairy yesterday 883 3.1% 0.17 88 2.3% 0.15 89 1.1% 0.11 104 3% 0.17 122 4.9% 0.22 79 3.8% 0.19 105 0.0% 0.00 128 3.9% 0.20 168 4.2% 0.20 915 2.2% 0.15 102 1.0% 0.10 109 5.5% 0.23 109 0.9% 0.10 119 0.8% 0.09 79 0.0% 0.00 113 0.0% 0.00 141 5.7% 0.23 143 2.1% 0.14 1028 1.4% 0.12 102 1.0% 0.10 98 1.0% 0.10 125 0.0% 0.00 135 0.0% 0.00 119 1.7% 0.13 121 0.0% 0.00 157 2.6% 0.16 171 3.5% 0.19meat el Ate meats/flesh foods yesterday 910 42.6% 0.50 91 46.2% 0.50 94 44.7% 0.50 105 45% 0.50 124 41.9% 0.50 80 23.7% 0.43 109 21.1% 0.41 132 56.1% 0.50 175 50.9% 0.50 978 40.4% 0.49 103 45.6% 0.50 114 42.1% 0.50 115 38.3% 0.49 121 40.5% 0.49 84 17.9% 0.39 129 23.3% 0.42 155 58.1% 0.50 157 45.9% 0.50 1100 43.7% 0.50 105 37.1% 0.49 101 37.6% 0.49 131 33.6% 0.47 139 44.6% 0.50 133 33.1% 0.47 123 34.1% 0.48 176 58.5% 0.49 192 56.8% 0.50egg el Ate egg yesterday 886 10.5% 0.31 90 10.0% 0.30 89 15.7% 0.37 104 11% 0.31 122 17.2% 0.38 79 8.9% 0.29 105 1.0% 0.10 129 11.6% 0.32 168 8.9% 0.29 906 10.3% 0.30 101 10.9% 0.31 107 13.1% 0.34 108 7.4% 0.26 119 3.4% 0.18 79 6.3% 0.25 112 5.4% 0.23 137 19.0% 0.39 143 13.3% 0.34 1026 7.8% 0.27 101 11.9% 0.33 98 3.1% 0.17 125 2.4% 0.15 135 4.4% 0.21 119 8.4% 0.28 120 3.3% 0.18 157 15.3% 0.36 171 10.5% 0.31vita el Ate vitamin A-rich foods (e.g. leafy greens, orange fruits/vegetables) yesterday 910 70.5% 0.46 91 75.8% 0.43 94 72.3% 0.45 105 70% 0.46 124 70.2% 0.46 80 76.2% 0.43 109 64.2% 0.48 132 74.2% 0.44 175 66.3% 0.47 978 63.0% 0.48 103 66.0% 0.48 114 75.4% 0.43 115 56.5% 0.50 121 62.0% 0.49 84 59.5% 0.49 129 53.5% 0.50 155 65.8% 0.48 157 64.3% 0.48 1100 76.9% 0.42 105 88.6% 0.32 101 77.2% 0.42 131 80.2% 0.40 139 82.7% 0.38 133 78.2% 0.41 123 49.6% 0.50 176 76.7% 0.42 192 80.7% 0.40fruitveg el Ate other fruits or vegetables yesterday 883 18.1% 0.39 90 10.0% 0.30 88 21.6% 0.41 103 19% 0.40 122 24.6% 0.43 79 6.3% 0.25 105 5.7% 0.23 128 37.5% 0.49 168 13.7% 0.35 913 18.7% 0.39 102 14.7% 0.36 109 9.2% 0.29 107 8.4% 0.28 120 14.2% 0.35 79 3.8% 0.19 113 10.6% 0.31 140 48.6% 0.50 143 25.9% 0.44 1026 17.6% 0.38 101 7.9% 0.27 98 18.4% 0.39 125 8.0% 0.27 135 12.6% 0.33 119 16.8% 0.38 121 13.2% 0.34 156 33.3% 0.47 171 23.4% 0.43nummeals el Number of feedings of solid or semi-solid food 892 2.2 1.31 90 2.1 1.28 90 2.0 1.20 104 2.3 1.09 123 2.1 1.13 79 2.3 1.41 107 2.0 1.38 130 2.5 1.59 169 2.0 1.28 924 2.0 1.31 102 1.9 1.26 110 2.2 1.24 109 2.1 1.20 120 2.3 1.81 79 1.6 0.88 113 2.1 1.42 145 2.0 1.01 146 2.1 1.34 1033 2.1 1.45 102 2.0 1.33 98 1.9 0.82 125 1.9 1.27 135 2.4 1.67 119 2.0 1.59 121 1.5 1.01 160 2.8 1.74 173 2.3 1.31numilks n~el Number of feedings of formula or milk (non-breastmilk) among non-breastfed child 69 0.9 2.45 7 2.0 3.42 5 1.2 2.68 5 2.8 6.26 11 0.3 0.91 5 0.0 0.00 2 0.0 0.00 15 0.4 0.91 19 0.9 2.25 46 1.3 2.86 6 0.0 0.00 4 1.3 1.89 5 0.4 0.89 3 2.3 4.04 3 0.0 0.00 3 0.0 0.00 15 2.8 4.20 7 0.4 1.13 67 0.4 1.30 6 0.0 0.00 5 0.0 0.00 11 0.3 0.91 3 0.0 0.00 8 1.3 2.55 3 0.0 0.00 19 0.6 1.61 12 0.1 0.29numilks b~el Number of feedings of formula or milk (non-breastmilk) among breastfed children 818 6.5 1.57 83 6.9 1.20 84 6.3 2.04 99 6.5 1.17 112 6.8 1.05 74 6.7 0.97 103 6.5 1.74 114 6.1 2.11 149 6.4 1.58 872 6.3 2.02 96 6.3 1.73 105 6.3 1.49 104 6.3 1.82 117 6.6 1.23 76 6.6 1.24 110 5.9 2.23 127 6.4 2.47 137 6.2 2.81 960 6.6 1.30 96 6.6 1.51 93 6.7 1.15 114 6.4 1.33 132 6.8 1.03 111 6.6 1.29 116 6.7 1.35 139 6.9 1.45 159 6.6 1.20atesoy el Main woman in HH ate soy yesterday 5010 7.8% 0.27 562 5.0% 0.22 577 11.6% 0.32 538 3% 0.18 580 6.9% 0.25 547 3.7% 0.19 545 9.5% 0.29 820 14.5% 0.35 841 5.6% 0.23 5085 10.8% 0.31 564 14.4% 0.35 574 13.4% 0.34 546 9.9% 0.30 582 6.0% 0.24 600 2.5% 0.16 549 23.0% 0.42 823 14.2% 0.35 847 5.3% 0.22 5249 6.3% 0.24 571 3.2% 0.18 580 11.2% 0.32 564 2.3% 0.15 583 4.0% 0.20 686 4.7% 0.21 561 6.4% 0.25 848 12.5% 0.33 856 4.1% 0.20ategn el Main woman in HH ate groundnuts yesterday 5005 23.7% 0.43 563 15.1% 0.36 576 30.9% 0.46 537 25% 0.43 579 31.6% 0.47 549 27.3% 0.45 545 14.3% 0.35 817 29.0% 0.45 839 16.9% 0.38 5077 16.7% 0.37 565 13.5% 0.34 571 26.6% 0.44 546 16.7% 0.37 582 19.8% 0.40 598 13.9% 0.35 546 6.8% 0.25 823 21.1% 0.41 846 14.2% 0.35 5242 21.3% 0.41 570 15.3% 0.36 581 36.7% 0.48 564 18.3% 0.39 582 21.1% 0.41 686 21.9% 0.41 560 11.4% 0.32 843 28.6% 0.45 856 15.9% 0.37Health Healthu5 mort el Child <5 in HH died in past 12 months 5147 3.5% 0.18 569 3.0% 0.17 583 3.6% 0.19 549 4% 0.20 585 6.2% 0.24 565 2.1% 0.14 559 2.3% 0.15 868 2.3% 0.15 869 4.3% 0.20 5211 3.7% 0.19 571 4.4% 0.21 586 3.9% 0.19 554 4.2% 0.20 587 4.4% 0.21 610 3.1% 0.17 560 2.7% 0.16 870 2.8% 0.16 873 4.5% 0.21 5309 4.6% 0.21 571 3.9% 0.19 584 5.8% 0.23 571 5.6% 0.23 587 3.2% 0.18 694 6.2% 0.24 570 5.1% 0.22 866 3.0% 0.17 866 4.3% 0.20bednetu5 el Reported all children <5 sleep under bednets 3101 75.5% 0.43 326 90.2% 0.30 311 46.9% 0.50 343 92% 0.27 382 70.2% 0.46 299 91.0% 0.29 353 76.8% 0.42 550 82.2% 0.38 537 60.0% 0.49 3429 82.7% 0.38 351 91.7% 0.28 341 88.0% 0.33 411 74.0% 0.44 420 76.2% 0.43 360 91.4% 0.28 387 85.5% 0.35 572 91.3% 0.28 587 69.3% 0.46 3425 65.9% 0.47 353 76.8% 0.42 367 65.1% 0.48 381 65.4% 0.48 414 54.3% 0.50 427 67.9% 0.47 383 49.3% 0.50 524 80.2% 0.40 576 64.8% 0.48nobednetu~el Reported no children <5 sleep under bednets 3101 14.4% 0.35 326 1.5% 0.12 311 35.7% 0.48 343 4% 0.18 382 18.1% 0.39 299 4.7% 0.21 353 8.2% 0.28 550 8.6% 0.28 537 29.8% 0.46 3429 11.3% 0.32 351 8.0% 0.27 341 11.1% 0.32 411 15.1% 0.36 420 11.0% 0.31 360 5.0% 0.22 387 6.5% 0.25 572 7.3% 0.26 587 22.1% 0.42 3425 26.6% 0.44 353 15.0% 0.36 367 23.4% 0.42 381 32.3% 0.47 414 36.5% 0.48 427 24.1% 0.43 383 37.1% 0.48 524 14.3% 0.35 576 31.1% 0.46m60 el Utilization: Public hospital/clinic 5154 87.2% 0.33 569 79.3% 0.41 583 84.4% 0.36 550 89% 0.32 587 89.8% 0.30 565 88.5% 0.32 559 85.2% 0.36 870 92.3% 0.27 871 87.0% 0.34 5214 84.1% 0.37 571 78.6% 0.41 586 83.6% 0.37 554 89.4% 0.31 587 88.8% 0.32 610 83.3% 0.37 563 79.9% 0.40 870 85.3% 0.35 873 83.4% 0.37 5314 79.2% 0.41 571 73.7% 0.44 586 84.8% 0.36 571 79.5% 0.40 587 77.0% 0.42 695 80.7% 0.40 571 74.8% 0.44 866 81.5% 0.39 867 79.7% 0.40min2clini~el Reported travel time to closest clinic (minutes) 5130 87.8 61.92 569 91.2 66.02 579 89.5 64.59 549 68.7 50.68 585 104.6 64.29 561 105.5 65.52 554 74.9 50.11 866 81.6 57.45 867 87.9 64.80 5195 93.4 65.42 569 91.2 69.19 584 97.0 65.31 553 81.6 56.91 586 100.1 59.19 606 103.9 55.65 562 72.6 54.69 869 88.6 69.55 866 106.1 74.87 5260 96.1 69.54 565 90.8 68.71 586 95.6 66.49 566 76.3 63.72 583 109.4 64.41 684 106.7 69.09 561 83.1 56.58 860 96.3 80.65 855 103.6 70.73waitatcli~el Reported waiting time at health center/hospital at last visit (minutes) 4484 124.6 104.80 450 106.2 93.39 492 147.1 120.90 487 159.0 109.40 526 118.5 92.63 499 111.3 97.50 475 88.8 80.30 801 122.3 112.10 754 136.9 104.00 4379 129.1 107.50 449 126.6 100.70 489 145.2 105.30 495 153.0 119.50 521 121.7 99.29 508 149.2 103.40 450 99.2 94.93 742 101.8 101.30 725 141.2 115.70 4174 115.6 99.76 421 112.9 99.76 497 121.3 94.11 450 125.7 99.65 449 134.5 108.10 555 121.4 106.30 416 99.4 81.18 697 101.2 102.60 689 114.1 96.76care4kids el Takes child to hospital, health center, or clinic if child needs medical care 4990 97.2% 0.17 556 96.8% 0.18 557 95.7% 0.20 534 99% 0.07 575 97.9% 0.14 541 98.3% 0.13 540 98.0% 0.14 835 97.2% 0.16 852 95.3% 0.21 5004 96.5% 0.19 553 94.8% 0.22 557 97.7% 0.15 531 98.1% 0.14 571 96.3% 0.19 579 98.6% 0.12 536 97.8% 0.15 831 95.2% 0.21 846 94.8% 0.22 4965 94.8% 0.22 530 93.0% 0.26 549 95.3% 0.21 536 92.5% 0.26 566 93.1% 0.25 638 96.2% 0.19 537 97.8% 0.15 800 95.8% 0.20 809 94.6% 0.23nouse t~t el Don't take child to clinic because can't afford transportation costs 92 22.8% 0.42 15 20.0% 0.41 21 4.8% 0.22 2 50% 0.71 9 33.3% 0.50 6 0.0% 0.00 6 0.0% 0.00 11 27.3% 0.47 22 45.5% 0.51 80 30.0% 0.46 17 5.9% 0.24 3 66.7% 0.58 5 40.0% 0.55 11 36.4% 0.51 4 25.0% 0.50 7 14.3% 0.38 14 28.6% 0.47 19 47.4% 0.51 115 17.4% 0.38 22 4.6% 0.21 14 28.6% 0.47 25 12.0% 0.33 8 0.0% 0.00 10 50.0% 0.53 7 14.3% 0.38 16 18.8% 0.40 13 23.1% 0.44nouse dis~el Don't take child to clinic because it's too far 92 70.7% 0.46 15 66.7% 0.49 21 66.7% 0.48 2 50% 0.71 9 88.9% 0.33 6 100.0% 0.00 6 33.3% 0.52 11 63.6% 0.51 22 77.3% 0.43 80 48.7% 0.50 17 35.3% 0.49 3 0.0% 0.00 5 100.0% 0.00 11 45.5% 0.52 4 50.0% 0.58 7 0.0% 0.00 14 92.9% 0.27 19 42.1% 0.51 115 61.7% 0.49 22 36.4% 0.49 14 78.6% 0.43 25 76.0% 0.44 8 100.0% 0.00 10 40.0% 0.52 7 14.3% 0.38 16 75.0% 0.45 13 61.5% 0.51nouse har~el Don't take child to clinic because it's hard to get there 92 6.5% 0.25 15 0.0% 0.00 21 4.8% 0.22 2 0% 0.00 9 55.6% 0.53 6 0.0% 0.00 6 0.0% 0.00 11 0.0% 0.00 22 0.0% 0.00 80 3.8% 0.19 17 5.9% 0.24 3 0.0% 0.00 5 20.0% 0.45 11 9.1% 0.30 4 0.0% 0.00 7 0.0% 0.00 14 0.0% 0.00 19 0.0% 0.00 115 3.5% 0.18 22 0.0% 0.00 14 7.1% 0.27 25 0.0% 0.00 8 0.0% 0.00 10 0.0% 0.00 7 0.0% 0.00 16 12.5% 0.34 13 7.7% 0.28nouse t~g el Don't take child to clinic because use traditional healing 92 2.2% 0.15 15 0.0% 0.00 21 4.8% 0.22 2 50% 0.71 9 0.0% 0.00 6 0.0% 0.00 6 0.0% 0.00 11 0.0% 0.00 22 0.0% 0.00 80 2.5% 0.16 17 5.9% 0.24 3 0.0% 0.00 5 0.0% 0.00 11 0.0% 0.00 4 25.0% 0.50 7 0.0% 0.00 14 0.0% 0.00 19 0.0% 0.00 115 1.7% 0.13 22 0.0% 0.00 14 7.1% 0.27 25 0.0% 0.00 8 0.0% 0.00 10 10.0% 0.32 7 0.0% 0.00 16 0.0% 0.00 13 0.0% 0.00nouse rel~el Don't take child to clinic because religious reasons 92 3.3% 0.18 15 0.0% 0.00 21 0.0% 0.00 2 0% 0.00 9 11.1% 0.33 6 0.0% 0.00 6 16.7% 0.41 11 9.1% 0.30 22 0.0% 0.00 80 2.5% 0.16 17 5.9% 0.24 3 33.3% 0.58 5 0.0% 0.00 11 0.0% 0.00 4 0.0% 0.00 7 0.0% 0.00 14 0.0% 0.00 19 0.0% 0.00 115 4.4% 0.21 22 4.6% 0.21 14 7.1% 0.27 25 4.0% 0.20 8 0.0% 0.00 10 0.0% 0.00 7 14.3% 0.38 16 0.0% 0.00 13 7.7% 0.28nouse fee~el Don't take child to clinic because can't afford clinic fees 92 30.4% 0.46 15 53.3% 0.52 21 23.8% 0.44 2 0% 0.00 9 0.0% 0.00 6 16.7% 0.41 6 83.3% 0.41 11 9.1% 0.30 22 36.4% 0.49 80 37.5% 0.49 17 64.7% 0.49 3 33.3% 0.58 5 0.0% 0.00 11 27.3% 0.47 4 0.0% 0.00 7 85.7% 0.38 14 0.0% 0.00 19 47.4% 0.51 115 28.7% 0.45 22 63.6% 0.49 14 0.0% 0.00 25 28.0% 0.46 8 0.0% 0.00 10 10.0% 0.32 7 71.4% 0.49 16 6.3% 0.25 13 38.5% 0.51stockouts el Affected by drug stockout in past 12 months 4475 69.7% 0.46 449 65.0% 0.48 491 69.0% 0.46 486 76% 0.43 519 74.8% 0.44 499 61.5% 0.49 474 58.6% 0.49 803 81.1% 0.39 754 65.6% 0.48 4372 70.2% 0.46 443 65.2% 0.48 490 72.7% 0.45 491 76.2% 0.43 521 67.9% 0.47 508 68.7% 0.46 449 57.9% 0.49 742 69.9% 0.46 728 78.2% 0.41 4176 66.4% 0.47 418 67.5% 0.47 496 75.4% 0.43 452 73.9% 0.44 451 62.3% 0.49 558 62.2% 0.49 424 73.8% 0.44 695 60.1% 0.49 682 62.0% 0.49k20 el Respondent received VCT in past 12 months 5150 72.5% 0.45 569 77.2% 0.42 583 58.7% 0.49 550 79% 0.41 587 71.7% 0.45 563 75.7% 0.43 559 79.1% 0.41 868 78.8% 0.41 871 62.9% 0.48 5202 67.7% 0.47 571 63.0% 0.48 586 55.5% 0.50 551 72.2% 0.45 584 60.3% 0.49 609 70.1% 0.46 562 70.5% 0.46 870 76.8% 0.42 869 68.8% 0.46 5308 62.0% 0.49 571 60.8% 0.49 586 63.1% 0.48 571 62.9% 0.48 587 50.9% 0.50 695 63.6% 0.48 570 67.5% 0.47 863 64.2% 0.48 865 61.6% 0.49vctfemale el Female respondent received VCT in past 12 months 2475 72.6% 0.45 289 76.1% 0.43 198 56.1% 0.50 329 79% 0.41 300 69.3% 0.46 317 76.7% 0.42 263 81.4% 0.39 400 77.2% 0.42 379 61.5% 0.49 1725 64.6% 0.48 229 61.1% 0.49 163 50.3% 0.50 206 74.8% 0.44 212 56.6% 0.50 256 65.6% 0.48 167 68.9% 0.46 241 74.3% 0.44 251 62.2% 0.49 3719 63.2% 0.48 422 61.8% 0.49 393 64.6% 0.48 420 62.6% 0.48 415 53.0% 0.50 490 65.3% 0.48 390 70.3% 0.46 544 65.1% 0.48 645 62.9% 0.48vctmale el Male respondent received VCT in past 12 months 2335 71.1% 0.45 215 77.2% 0.42 361 59.3% 0.49 194 76% 0.43 230 71.7% 0.45 208 73.6% 0.44 236 74.6% 0.44 448 79.7% 0.40 443 63.7% 0.48 1416 65.4% 0.48 160 58.8% 0.49 186 53.2% 0.50 103 66.0% 0.48 132 59.8% 0.49 126 68.3% 0.47 176 67.6% 0.47 309 75.7% 0.43 224 65.6% 0.48 1589 59.0% 0.49 149 57.7% 0.50 193 60.1% 0.49 151 63.6% 0.48 172 45.9% 0.50 205 59.5% 0.49 180 61.7% 0.49 319 62.7% 0.48 220 57.7% 0.50vctcouple el Both partners received VCT in past 12 months 2998 84.5% 0.36 323 87.6% 0.33 301 87.4% 0.33 335 81% 0.39 356 86.0% 0.35 309 83.2% 0.38 378 85.4% 0.35 560 83.4% 0.37 436 83.3% 0.37 2937 79.0% 0.41 289 69.9% 0.46 292 82.2% 0.38 339 82.0% 0.39 291 78.7% 0.41 338 80.5% 0.40 353 79.3% 0.41 553 81.7% 0.39 482 75.9% 0.43 2764 79.6% 0.40 271 81.9% 0.39 337 80.7% 0.40 287 82.2% 0.38 257 80.9% 0.39 349 83.1% 0.38 335 73.1% 0.44 478 77.8% 0.42 450 78.9% 0.41vct govth~el Received VCT at government hospital 2529 24.3% 0.43 283 22.3% 0.42 263 22.8% 0.42 270 9% 0.29 306 10.8% 0.31 257 10.5% 0.31 323 19.2% 0.39 467 38.8% 0.49 360 45.3% 0.50 2301 20.6% 0.40 201 9.5% 0.29 238 13.9% 0.35 277 19.1% 0.39 226 17.7% 0.38 272 10.3% 0.30 279 21.1% 0.41 444 27.3% 0.45 364 33.0% 0.47 1993 18.3% 0.39 218 11.5% 0.32 272 12.1% 0.33 236 10.6% 0.31 208 9.1% 0.29 290 14.1% 0.35 51 100.0% 0.00 369 22.2% 0.42 349 25.5% 0.44vct govtc~el Received VCT at government health center 2529 57.7% 0.49 283 55.1% 0.50 263 68.4% 0.47 270 59% 0.49 306 83.0% 0.38 257 66.9% 0.47 323 60.7% 0.49 467 47.1% 0.50 360 33.6% 0.47 2301 58.6% 0.49 201 44.8% 0.50 238 77.3% 0.42 277 65.3% 0.48 226 69.5% 0.46 272 71.7% 0.45 279 52.7% 0.50 444 54.1% 0.50 364 42.6% 0.50 2059 60.6% 0.49 218 50.0% 0.50 272 73.9% 0.44 236 66.5% 0.47 208 77.4% 0.42 290 56.9% 0.50 117 100.0% 0.00 369 52.8% 0.50 349 41.0% 0.49vct govtp~el Received VCT at government health post 2529 0.9% 0.09 283 0.7% 0.08 263 0.8% 0.09 270 0% 0.06 306 1.0% 0.10 257 0.8% 0.09 323 2.2% 0.15 467 1.3% 0.11 360 0.0% 0.00 2301 2.8% 0.17 201 3.5% 0.18 238 1.3% 0.11 277 1.8% 0.13 226 1.8% 0.13 272 4.4% 0.21 279 3.6% 0.19 444 4.3% 0.20 364 1.4% 0.12 1949 3.4% 0.18 218 1.8% 0.14 272 1.1% 0.11 236 3.8% 0.19 208 2.9% 0.17 290 4.8% 0.22 7 100.0% 0.00 369 3.5% 0.19 349 3.2% 0.18vct hsa el Received VCT from HSA 2529 2.9% 0.17 283 4.2% 0.20 263 0.0% 0.00 270 9% 0.29 306 1.3% 0.11 257 3.1% 0.17 323 2.2% 0.15 467 1.5% 0.12 360 2.8% 0.17 2301 2.3% 0.15 201 3.0% 0.17 238 0.4% 0.06 277 1.4% 0.12 226 2.2% 0.15 272 2.2% 0.15 279 2.2% 0.15 444 2.9% 0.17 364 3.3% 0.18 1945 3.8% 0.19 218 5.1% 0.22 272 1.5% 0.12 236 2.5% 0.16 208 0.0% 0.00 290 4.5% 0.21 3 100.0% 0.00 369 6.0% 0.24 349 4.0% 0.20usecont~p el Woman age 15-49 currently uses contraceptives 2952 72.9% 0.45 314 72.9% 0.45 365 78.1% 0.41 335 68% 0.47 332 66.6% 0.47 327 72.2% 0.45 319 72.1% 0.45 510 80.8% 0.39 450 69.3% 0.46 3336 69.1% 0.46 375 64.0% 0.48 406 74.1% 0.44 380 72.9% 0.45 373 64.3% 0.48 366 71.9% 0.45 340 66.2% 0.47 552 74.6% 0.44 544 63.6% 0.48 3537 62.3% 0.49 390 63.8% 0.48 419 72.3% 0.45 398 61.1% 0.49 406 53.9% 0.50 432 66.9% 0.47 337 69.1% 0.46 577 63.6% 0.48 578 52.1% 0.50tradcontr~el Woman age 15-49 currently uses traditional contraceptive (withdrawal, periodic a 2950 0.8% 0.09 313 1.6% 0.13 364 0.3% 0.05 335 0% 0.05 332 1.2% 0.11 327 0.3% 0.06 319 0.3% 0.06 510 1.4% 0.12 450 0.7% 0.08 3331 0.5% 0.07 374 0.5% 0.07 406 0.2% 0.05 380 0.3% 0.05 372 1.3% 0.12 366 0.3% 0.05 339 0.3% 0.05 552 0.5% 0.07 542 0.7% 0.09 3526 0.8% 0.09 388 1.3% 0.11 419 0.5% 0.07 397 0.5% 0.07 403 1.0% 0.10 431 0.2% 0.05 335 1.2% 0.11 577 1.0% 0.10 576 0.5% 0.07moderncon~el Woman age 15-49 currently uses modern contraceptives 2950 71.8% 0.45 313 71.6% 0.45 364 77.7% 0.42 335 67% 0.47 332 64.8% 0.48 327 71.3% 0.45 319 71.5% 0.45 510 79.0% 0.41 450 68.4% 0.47 3331 68.1% 0.47 374 63.1% 0.48 406 73.2% 0.44 380 71.8% 0.45 372 62.4% 0.49 366 71.3% 0.45 339 65.8% 0.48 552 73.9% 0.44 542 62.5% 0.48 3526 61.1% 0.49 388 62.1% 0.49 419 71.6% 0.45 397 60.2% 0.49 403 52.1% 0.50 431 65.7% 0.48 335 67.2% 0.47 577 62.4% 0.49 576 51.4% 0.50usecont~r el Woman age 15-49 currently uses contraceptive (among married) 2774 74.2% 0.44 288 74.3% 0.44 347 79.8% 0.40 300 69% 0.46 306 68.3% 0.47 298 74.8% 0.44 304 72.4% 0.45 496 81.5% 0.39 435 69.7% 0.46 3170 70.4% 0.46 346 65.9% 0.48 396 75.5% 0.43 357 73.4% 0.44 348 66.1% 0.47 333 74.8% 0.44 325 68.0% 0.47 538 75.5% 0.43 527 64.1% 0.48 3141 65.4% 0.48 318 68.9% 0.46 395 74.7% 0.44 323 63.8% 0.48 367 55.6% 0.50 369 72.4% 0.45 300 73.3% 0.44 539 66.2% 0.47 530 53.8% 0.50usecont~e el Woman age 15-49 currently uses contraceptive (among non-married) 178 52.2% 0.50 26 57.7% 0.50 18 44.4% 0.51 35 51% 0.51 26 46.2% 0.51 29 44.8% 0.51 15 66.7% 0.49 14 57.1% 0.51 15 60.0% 0.51 166 42.8% 0.50 29 41.4% 0.50 10 20.0% 0.42 23 65.2% 0.49 25 40.0% 0.50 33 42.4% 0.50 15 26.7% 0.46 14 42.9% 0.51 17 47.1% 0.51 385 38.4% 0.49 70 41.4% 0.50 24 33.3% 0.48 75 49.3% 0.50 38 39.5% 0.50 62 35.5% 0.48 34 32.4% 0.48 35 28.6% 0.46 47 34.0% 0.48femaleste~el Contraceptive = female sterilization 2598 13.3% 0.34 279 11.8% 0.32 316 31.0% 0.46 266 10% 0.30 269 6.7% 0.25 264 12.5% 0.33 285 4.9% 0.22 507 6.3% 0.24 412 22.1% 0.42 3331 8.5% 0.28 374 7.8% 0.27 406 20.2% 0.40 380 5.3% 0.22 372 3.2% 0.18 366 7.4% 0.26 339 4.7% 0.21 552 7.3% 0.26 542 10.3% 0.31 3526 6.1% 0.24 388 5.4% 0.23 419 15.3% 0.36 397 3.5% 0.19 403 3.7% 0.19 431 4.9% 0.22 335 3.3% 0.18 577 4.9% 0.22 576 7.3% 0.26malesteri~el Contraceptive = male sterilization 2598 0.3% 0.06 279 0.7% 0.08 316 0.3% 0.06 266 0% 0.06 269 0.4% 0.06 264 0.4% 0.06 285 0.0% 0.00 507 0.0% 0.00 412 0.7% 0.09 3331 0.1% 0.03 374 0.0% 0.00 406 0.0% 0.00 380 0.0% 0.00 372 0.3% 0.05 366 0.0% 0.00 339 0.0% 0.00 552 0.2% 0.04 542 0.2% 0.04 3526 0.2% 0.04 388 0.5% 0.07 419 0.2% 0.05 397 0.0% 0.00 403 0.0% 0.00 431 0.2% 0.05 335 0.3% 0.05 577 0.0% 0.00 576 0.2% 0.04thepill el Contraceptive = birth control pill 2598 2.9% 0.17 279 1.8% 0.13 316 1.9% 0.14 266 2% 0.15 269 2.6% 0.16 264 4.2% 0.20 285 3.2% 0.18 507 3.6% 0.19 412 2.9% 0.17 3331 2.0% 0.14 374 1.1% 0.10 406 3.5% 0.18 380 1.8% 0.14 372 2.2% 0.15 366 1.4% 0.12 339 2.7% 0.16 552 2.2% 0.15 542 1.7% 0.13 3526 2.1% 0.14 388 2.1% 0.14 419 3.6% 0.19 397 2.3% 0.15 403 0.7% 0.09 431 3.0% 0.17 335 2.4% 0.15 577 2.4% 0.15 576 0.9% 0.09iud el Contraceptive = IUD 2598 4.4% 0.21 279 2.5% 0.16 316 1.3% 0.11 266 8% 0.26 269 3.0% 0.17 264 4.9% 0.22 285 8.4% 0.28 507 6.5% 0.25 412 1.5% 0.12 3331 3.5% 0.18 374 4.0% 0.20 406 0.7% 0.09 380 4.0% 0.20 372 3.5% 0.18 366 7.1% 0.26 339 8.6% 0.28 552 1.6% 0.13 542 0.9% 0.10 3526 2.7% 0.16 388 1.8% 0.13 419 1.2% 0.11 397 2.5% 0.16 403 2.0% 0.14 431 3.9% 0.20 335 6.3% 0.24 577 3.5% 0.18 576 1.0% 0.10injectabl~el Contraceptive = injectables 2598 52.6% 0.50 279 59.1% 0.49 316 38.3% 0.49 266 58% 0.49 269 66.2% 0.47 264 59.1% 0.49 285 58.2% 0.49 507 53.1% 0.50 412 38.1% 0.49 3331 38.5% 0.49 374 37.4% 0.49 406 33.5% 0.47 380 47.1% 0.50 372 47.0% 0.50 366 41.3% 0.49 339 33.9% 0.47 552 37.9% 0.49 542 32.7% 0.47 3526 36.9% 0.48 388 42.3% 0.50 419 35.8% 0.48 397 41.8% 0.49 403 37.2% 0.48 431 40.4% 0.49 335 38.8% 0.49 577 35.5% 0.48 576 28.0% 0.45implant el Contraceptive = implants/norplant 2598 20.2% 0.40 279 16.1% 0.37 316 24.7% 0.43 266 20% 0.40 269 13.8% 0.35 264 13.3% 0.34 285 21.8% 0.41 507 21.5% 0.41 412 25.7% 0.44 3331 12.5% 0.33 374 10.4% 0.31 406 15.0% 0.36 380 9.7% 0.30 372 7.5% 0.26 366 12.0% 0.33 339 12.1% 0.33 552 18.3% 0.39 542 12.2% 0.33 3526 8.9% 0.29 388 5.4% 0.23 419 10.7% 0.31 397 5.8% 0.23 403 6.2% 0.24 431 7.9% 0.27 335 14.9% 0.36 577 8.8% 0.28 576 11.5% 0.32malecondo~el Contraceptive = male condom 2598 9.7% 0.30 279 8.6% 0.28 316 3.5% 0.18 266 5% 0.22 269 11.5% 0.32 264 6.4% 0.25 285 3.2% 0.18 507 22.3% 0.42 412 8.5% 0.28 3331 5.1% 0.22 374 3.5% 0.18 406 4.4% 0.21 380 5.0% 0.22 372 3.0% 0.17 366 4.9% 0.22 339 5.0% 0.22 552 7.8% 0.27 542 5.5% 0.23 3526 7.4% 0.26 388 5.7% 0.23 419 6.9% 0.25 397 6.3% 0.24 403 2.7% 0.16 431 9.5% 0.29 335 5.1% 0.22 577 13.2% 0.34 576 6.6% 0.25femalecon~el Contraceptive = female condom 2598 1.4% 0.12 279 1.8% 0.13 316 0.3% 0.06 266 0% 0.06 269 0.7% 0.09 264 0.0% 0.00 285 1.1% 0.10 507 3.8% 0.19 412 1.5% 0.12 3331 1.3% 0.11 374 1.1% 0.10 406 1.0% 0.10 380 2.9% 0.17 372 1.6% 0.13 366 0.8% 0.09 339 0.6% 0.08 552 1.8% 0.13 542 0.7% 0.09 3526 1.4% 0.12 388 1.3% 0.11 419 1.4% 0.12 397 1.8% 0.13 403 0.7% 0.09 431 1.2% 0.11 335 1.5% 0.12 577 2.4% 0.15 576 0.9% 0.09contra ~p el Last obtained contraception at government hospital 2142 21.6% 0.41 231 18.6% 0.39 284 12.7% 0.33 226 12% 0.32 217 9.7% 0.30 236 8.9% 0.29 229 23.1% 0.42 408 35.8% 0.48 311 37.3% 0.48 2273 16.8% 0.37 237 9.3% 0.29 294 10.5% 0.31 275 14.9% 0.36 232 13.8% 0.35 263 7.2% 0.26 223 19.7% 0.40 406 25.6% 0.44 343 25.9% 0.44 2003 16.4% 0.37 247 10.1% 0.30 301 10.6% 0.31 244 10.2% 0.30 216 11.1% 0.32 283 10.6% 0.31 55 100.0% 0.00 362 22.9% 0.42 295 18.6% 0.39contra ~r el Last obtained contraception at government health center 2142 53.3% 0.50 231 39.0% 0.49 284 71.5% 0.45 226 62% 0.49 217 73.7% 0.44 236 53.0% 0.50 229 56.8% 0.50 408 45.8% 0.50 311 34.4% 0.48 2273 59.1% 0.49 237 44.3% 0.50 294 82.3% 0.38 275 65.1% 0.48 232 66.8% 0.47 263 61.6% 0.49 223 54.7% 0.50 406 56.7% 0.50 343 43.4% 0.50 2070 60.3% 0.49 247 38.9% 0.49 301 73.4% 0.44 244 66.0% 0.48 216 66.2% 0.47 283 63.3% 0.48 122 100.0% 0.00 362 55.5% 0.50 295 42.7% 0.50contra ~t el Last obtained contraception at government health post 2142 1.4% 0.12 231 2.2% 0.15 284 0.4% 0.06 226 3% 0.16 217 2.3% 0.15 236 2.1% 0.14 229 1.3% 0.11 408 0.7% 0.09 311 0.6% 0.08 2273 2.3% 0.15 237 2.1% 0.14 294 0.0% 0.00 275 2.9% 0.17 232 1.7% 0.13 263 4.6% 0.21 223 2.2% 0.15 406 3.2% 0.18 343 1.5% 0.12 1957 3.7% 0.19 247 0.8% 0.09 301 0.3% 0.06 244 8.2% 0.28 216 3.7% 0.19 283 5.3% 0.22 9 100.0% 0.00 362 4.1% 0.20 295 0.7% 0.08contra hs~el Last obtained contraception from HSA 2142 8.7% 0.28 231 19.9% 0.40 284 1.1% 0.10 226 8% 0.27 217 5.1% 0.22 236 20.8% 0.41 229 5.7% 0.23 408 7.4% 0.26 311 5.1% 0.22 2273 8.4% 0.28 237 15.6% 0.36 294 1.0% 0.10 275 5.1% 0.22 232 11.2% 0.32 263 16.0% 0.37 223 4.9% 0.22 406 6.7% 0.25 343 9.0% 0.29 1957 11.7% 0.32 247 24.7% 0.43 301 0.3% 0.06 244 5.7% 0.23 216 14.4% 0.35 283 12.7% 0.33 9 100.0% 0.00 362 6.9% 0.25 295 17.3% 0.38m70a ofte~el Health services: often too expensive/unable to pay 4474 3.9% 0.19 450 4.9% 0.22 491 4.1% 0.20 488 4% 0.20 521 7.7% 0.27 498 2.2% 0.15 475 3.4% 0.18 800 3.4% 0.18 751 2.5% 0.16 4365 5.3% 0.22 443 12.6% 0.33 489 5.1% 0.22 494 7.9% 0.27 521 1.0% 0.10 507 3.4% 0.18 447 6.0% 0.24 742 4.5% 0.21 722 3.9% 0.19 4139 3.1% 0.17 420 4.5% 0.21 491 4.1% 0.20 453 2.7% 0.16 452 2.0% 0.14 547 2.9% 0.17 420 3.8% 0.19 677 2.7% 0.16 679 2.5% 0.16m70b ofte~el Health services: often lacking medicine/supplies 4475 35.3% 0.48 449 34.1% 0.47 491 39.7% 0.49 486 37% 0.48 519 35.6% 0.48 499 25.5% 0.44 474 19.6% 0.40 803 48.2% 0.50 754 34.4% 0.48 4372 36.4% 0.48 443 33.4% 0.47 490 41.2% 0.49 491 39.7% 0.49 521 28.6% 0.45 508 30.5% 0.46 449 21.4% 0.41 742 35.3% 0.48 728 52.6% 0.50 4176 31.2% 0.46 418 29.4% 0.46 496 39.5% 0.49 452 31.9% 0.47 451 28.6% 0.45 558 24.2% 0.43 424 38.0% 0.49 695 27.2% 0.45 682 32.8% 0.47m70c ofte~el Health services: often lacking attention/respect from staff 4474 27.1% 0.45 450 32.4% 0.47 490 29.6% 0.46 486 28% 0.45 522 26.1% 0.44 498 25.5% 0.44 476 17.4% 0.38 802 25.8% 0.44 750 31.2% 0.46 4367 26.3% 0.44 440 27.3% 0.45 490 26.3% 0.44 495 31.7% 0.47 520 18.3% 0.39 508 29.1% 0.46 448 18.1% 0.39 740 19.2% 0.39 726 38.0% 0.49 4167 25.9% 0.44 421 24.5% 0.43 495 32.5% 0.47 452 25.7% 0.44 451 26.2% 0.44 557 23.2% 0.42 425 27.3% 0.45 684 19.4% 0.40 682 29.6% 0.46m70d ofte~el Health services: often absent doctors 4433 11.8% 0.32 435 7.8% 0.27 490 16.9% 0.38 485 14% 0.35 508 11.2% 0.32 494 5.9% 0.24 467 6.0% 0.24 800 10.6% 0.31 754 18.4% 0.39 4295 12.8% 0.33 417 9.8% 0.30 488 16.6% 0.37 493 18.5% 0.39 515 11.7% 0.32 495 7.1% 0.26 430 8.1% 0.27 737 9.5% 0.29 720 18.9% 0.39 4090 11.7% 0.32 417 8.4% 0.28 495 16.6% 0.37 452 14.6% 0.35 445 13.5% 0.34 551 8.2% 0.27 394 12.7% 0.33 664 9.0% 0.29 672 12.2% 0.33m70e ofte~el Health services: often long waiting time 4484 47.9% 0.50 451 51.2% 0.50 491 49.1% 0.50 485 49% 0.50 522 45.4% 0.50 499 47.3% 0.50 476 35.9% 0.48 803 49.2% 0.50 757 53.0% 0.50 4369 49.4% 0.50 443 54.0% 0.50 490 48.6% 0.50 493 55.2% 0.50 521 46.3% 0.50 507 48.5% 0.50 447 35.8% 0.48 740 43.8% 0.50 728 60.2% 0.49 4185 42.6% 0.50 420 41.0% 0.49 497 45.5% 0.50 454 39.2% 0.49 451 43.2% 0.50 558 40.1% 0.49 427 52.5% 0.50 691 35.6% 0.48 687 46.1% 0.50m70f ofte~el Health services: often dirty facilities 4450 11.8% 0.32 447 10.5% 0.31 490 13.9% 0.35 484 9% 0.29 501 2.4% 0.15 500 6.2% 0.24 474 3.6% 0.19 798 16.0% 0.37 756 23.3% 0.42 4277 9.6% 0.30 425 7.5% 0.26 490 9.4% 0.29 494 10.3% 0.31 521 5.0% 0.22 490 7.4% 0.26 405 4.9% 0.22 725 6.3% 0.24 727 21.2% 0.41 4132 7.7% 0.27 421 5.9% 0.24 496 8.1% 0.27 454 9.7% 0.30 451 4.2% 0.20 554 4.3% 0.20 414 10.1% 0.30 664 6.5% 0.25 678 11.7% 0.32Environment Environmentj21 el Has heard of climate change 5154 88.4% 0.32 569 87.9% 0.33 583 81.1% 0.39 550 91% 0.29 587 80.7% 0.40 565 94.9% 0.22 559 90.9% 0.29 870 90.1% 0.30 871 89.4% 0.31 5214 80.0% 0.40 571 87.9% 0.33 586 73.2% 0.44 554 73.5% 0.44 587 71.4% 0.45 610 86.6% 0.34 563 82.1% 0.38 870 87.6% 0.33 873 75.7% 0.43 5314 74.1% 0.44 571 77.1% 0.42 586 85.5% 0.35 571 64.4% 0.48 587 63.0% 0.48 695 79.7% 0.40 571 76.2% 0.43 866 77.9% 0.42 867 68.4% 0.47plantedtr~el Planted trees in past year 5154 47.3% 0.50 569 54.5% 0.50 583 48.0% 0.50 550 55% 0.50 587 40.7% 0.49 565 57.2% 0.50 559 51.0% 0.50 870 39.8% 0.49 871 40.3% 0.49 5214 40.4% 0.49 571 63.7% 0.48 586 42.8% 0.50 554 34.3% 0.48 587 28.4% 0.45 610 39.5% 0.49 563 46.4% 0.50 870 39.7% 0.49 873 33.2% 0.47 5314 28.4% 0.45 571 34.9% 0.48 586 40.6% 0.49 571 22.6% 0.42 587 19.8% 0.40 695 29.8% 0.46 571 35.0% 0.48 866 27.5% 0.45 867 21.2% 0.41dk climat~el Don't know how to prepare for climate change 5154 20.3% 0.40 569 19.7% 0.40 583 26.8% 0.44 550 24% 0.43 587 21.1% 0.41 565 8.3% 0.28 559 22.0% 0.42 870 18.0% 0.39 871 22.2% 0.42 5213 27.5% 0.45 571 13.0% 0.34 586 36.9% 0.48 554 27.8% 0.45 587 35.1% 0.48 610 19.8% 0.40 563 30.9% 0.46 869 18.9% 0.39 873 37.3% 0.48 5309 35.3% 0.48 571 26.8% 0.44 586 26.5% 0.44 571 48.7% 0.50 586 41.8% 0.49 695 28.9% 0.45 570 33.3% 0.47 865 35.5% 0.48 865 39.8% 0.49clim plan~el Environment: Believes planting trees can mitigate effects of climate change 5154 69.3% 0.46 569 68.0% 0.47 583 64.0% 0.48 550 63% 0.48 587 69.5% 0.46 565 86.0% 0.35 559 71.0% 0.45 870 67.0% 0.47 871 68.2% 0.47 5211 57.1% 0.50 571 65.7% 0.48 586 46.1% 0.50 554 59.2% 0.49 587 53.0% 0.50 609 70.4% 0.46 562 58.9% 0.49 869 53.0% 0.50 873 54.2% 0.50 5314 52.4% 0.50 571 61.8% 0.49 586 63.1% 0.48 571 43.3% 0.50 587 45.8% 0.50 695 61.3% 0.49 571 53.4% 0.50 866 44.2% 0.50 867 49.8% 0.50clim less~el Environment: Believes using less trees/wood can mitigate effects of climate chan 5154 6.8% 0.25 569 2.3% 0.15 583 4.3% 0.20 550 9% 0.28 587 4.4% 0.21 565 7.8% 0.27 559 3.6% 0.19 870 12.9% 0.34 871 7.4% 0.26 5211 4.1% 0.20 571 4.9% 0.22 586 1.0% 0.10 554 1.4% 0.12 587 4.9% 0.22 609 9.0% 0.29 562 2.0% 0.14 869 3.9% 0.19 873 4.6% 0.21 5314 4.7% 0.21 571 3.9% 0.19 586 4.4% 0.21 571 0.9% 0.09 587 7.3% 0.26 695 6.3% 0.24 571 1.8% 0.13 866 5.7% 0.23 867 5.5% 0.23clim cook~el Environment: Believes improved cookstoves can mitigate effects of climate change 5154 0.9% 0.10 569 0.9% 0.09 583 0.3% 0.06 550 0% 0.00 587 1.2% 0.11 565 2.1% 0.14 559 0.0% 0.00 870 2.2% 0.15 871 0.3% 0.06 5213 1.3% 0.11 571 4.4% 0.21 586 0.0% 0.00 554 0.2% 0.04 587 1.5% 0.12 610 0.2% 0.04 563 3.2% 0.18 869 0.8% 0.09 873 0.6% 0.08 5314 1.1% 0.10 571 0.7% 0.08 586 0.3% 0.06 571 0.2% 0.04 587 1.2% 0.11 695 1.6% 0.13 571 0.5% 0.07 866 2.3% 0.15 867 1.0% 0.10clim wood~el Environment: Believes community woodlot can mitigate effects of climate change 5154 1.8% 0.14 569 1.1% 0.10 583 1.7% 0.13 550 1% 0.11 587 1.5% 0.12 565 2.8% 0.17 559 1.8% 0.13 870 2.1% 0.14 871 2.2% 0.15 5213 1.5% 0.12 571 6.3% 0.24 586 0.2% 0.04 554 0.9% 0.09 587 1.9% 0.14 610 0.8% 0.09 563 1.2% 0.11 869 0.9% 0.10 873 0.6% 0.08 5314 1.5% 0.12 571 2.1% 0.14 586 0.7% 0.08 571 0.4% 0.06 587 1.9% 0.14 695 1.4% 0.12 571 1.4% 0.12 866 1.4% 0.12 867 2.3% 0.15clim fore~el Environment: Believes better forest management can mitigate effects of climate c 5154 10.4% 0.31 569 12.5% 0.33 583 3.8% 0.19 550 11% 0.31 587 5.1% 0.22 565 13.1% 0.34 559 9.8% 0.30 870 10.9% 0.31 871 14.9% 0.36 5213 6.1% 0.24 571 13.5% 0.34 586 1.7% 0.13 554 3.1% 0.17 587 7.5% 0.26 610 6.7% 0.25 563 3.2% 0.18 869 6.4% 0.25 873 6.5% 0.25 5314 6.6% 0.25 571 8.2% 0.28 586 3.9% 0.19 571 4.0% 0.20 587 3.8% 0.19 695 11.9% 0.33 571 2.1% 0.14 866 8.4% 0.28 867 7.6% 0.27clim wate~el Environment: Believes water conservation can mitigate effects of climate change 5154 10.6% 0.31 569 12.1% 0.33 583 6.4% 0.24 550 10% 0.31 587 12.8% 0.33 565 11.7% 0.32 559 19.1% 0.39 870 10.6% 0.31 871 4.9% 0.22 5211 6.3% 0.24 571 15.8% 0.37 586 4.3% 0.20 554 7.2% 0.26 587 7.0% 0.26 609 5.4% 0.23 562 3.0% 0.17 869 6.9% 0.25 873 2.4% 0.15 5314 4.5% 0.21 571 6.7% 0.25 586 5.0% 0.22 571 3.9% 0.19 587 3.1% 0.17 695 4.5% 0.21 571 3.2% 0.18 866 5.8% 0.23 867 3.9% 0.19useforest el Household gathers materials from forest (e.g. wood, fruit) 5154 84.4% 0.36 569 72.2% 0.45 583 85.1% 0.36 550 84% 0.37 587 88.6% 0.32 565 87.1% 0.34 559 86.9% 0.34 870 86.7% 0.34 871 83.8% 0.37 5214 75.2% 0.43 571 78.6% 0.41 586 70.1% 0.46 554 80.0% 0.40 587 89.6% 0.31 610 72.1% 0.45 563 81.0% 0.39 870 64.4% 0.48 873 72.9% 0.45 5314 64.8% 0.48 571 71.5% 0.45 586 56.1% 0.50 571 56.9% 0.50 587 88.1% 0.32 695 55.5% 0.50 571 66.4% 0.47 866 58.1% 0.49 867 68.7% 0.46woodincom~el Wood/timber is important source of income 5154 12.8% 0.34 569 11.4% 0.32 583 13.0% 0.34 550 5% 0.23 587 5.1% 0.22 565 6.4% 0.24 559 32.2% 0.47 870 16.1% 0.37 871 12.1% 0.33 5214 12.9% 0.34 571 10.7% 0.31 586 12.8% 0.33 554 10.3% 0.30 587 8.4% 0.28 610 9.5% 0.29 563 29.8% 0.46 870 11.4% 0.32 873 12.3% 0.33 5314 9.9% 0.30 571 8.4% 0.28 586 8.5% 0.28 571 6.7% 0.25 587 6.1% 0.24 695 5.5% 0.23 571 31.9% 0.47 866 6.0% 0.24 867 9.2% 0.29fishinc~c el Income derived from fish sales last month (among full sample) 5154 1,154.0 11,576.00 569 163.4 2,540.00 583 46.3 662.90 550 669.1 7,884.00 587 156.7 2,606.00 565 8.9 210.40 559 1,031.0 6,466.00 870 2,959.0 13,026.00 871 2,538.0 23,253.00 5214 1,501.0 17,164.00 571 35.0 837.00 586 32.9 467.70 554 1,368.0 14,033.00 587 202.7 3,124.00 610 590.3 8,447.00 563 1,270.0 10,554.00 870 3,457.0 28,465.00 873 3,239.0 26,241.00 5314 2,028.0 22,200.00 571 42.9 857.60 586 60.3 952.30 571 544.7 4,416.00 587 60.5 944.80 695 663.6 4,786.00 571 3,639.0 31,452.00 866 7,275.0 46,355.00 867 1,767.0 12,380.00fishinc~e el Income derived from fish sales last month (among those who fished) 246 24,173.0 47,535.00 3 31,000.0 19,975.00 3 9,000.0 2,646.00 14 26,286.0 43,588.00 6 15,333.0 22,730.00 3 1,667.0 2,887.00 38 15,171.0 20,252.00 107 24,061.0 29,640.00 72 30,702.0 75,821.00 252 31,059.0 72,089.00 2 10,000.0 14,142.00 7 2,757.0 3,544.00 31 24,454.0 55,198.00 5 23,800.0 26,976.00 15 24,007.0 50,012.00 40 17,880.0 36,062.00 95 31,663.0 81,167.00 57 49,601.0 91,553.00 337 31,981.0 82,658.00 3 8,172.0 10,486.00 7 5,050.0 7,683.00 36 8,639.0 15,672.00 6 5,919.0 7,938.00 28 16,471.0 17,854.00 57 36,454.0 94,081.00 109 57,802.0 119,427.00 91 16,831.0 34,904.00erosion el Experienced loss or severe reduction of arable land due to erosion in past year 5154 52.6% 0.50 569 44.8% 0.50 583 39.5% 0.49 550 48% 0.50 587 37.3% 0.48 565 45.0% 0.50 559 77.8% 0.42 870 62.5% 0.48 871 58.9% 0.49 5214 56.1% 0.50 571 61.1% 0.49 586 46.6% 0.50 554 52.3% 0.50 587 43.8% 0.50 610 57.7% 0.49 563 73.0% 0.44 870 64.6% 0.48 873 49.1% 0.50 5314 44.8% 0.50 571 35.9% 0.48 586 32.6% 0.47 571 45.2% 0.50 587 34.9% 0.48 695 38.0% 0.49 571 89.1% 0.31 866 49.7% 0.50 867 37.0% 0.48plantingd~el Respondent saw demonstrations in the past year related to planting or preserving 5154 45.9% 0.50 569 62.6% 0.48 583 39.8% 0.49 550 49% 0.50 587 39.5% 0.49 565 56.3% 0.50 559 59.4% 0.49 870 38.2% 0.49 871 34.2% 0.48 5214 43.3% 0.50 571 69.5% 0.46 586 44.4% 0.50 554 39.7% 0.49 587 29.8% 0.46 610 44.8% 0.50 563 52.8% 0.50 870 40.7% 0.49 873 32.5% 0.47 5314 31.9% 0.47 571 48.9% 0.50 586 36.7% 0.48 571 29.4% 0.46 587 20.1% 0.40 695 30.5% 0.46 571 39.9% 0.49 866 30.9% 0.46 867 24.1% 0.43anyclimat~el HH adopted measure in past year that may improve resiliency to climate change 5154 51.9% 0.50 569 61.7% 0.49 583 49.9% 0.50 550 56% 0.50 587 44.8% 0.50 565 61.2% 0.49 559 55.6% 0.50 870 47.9% 0.50 871 44.2% 0.50 5214 47.3% 0.50 571 70.2% 0.46 586 46.4% 0.50 554 39.4% 0.49 587 34.8% 0.48 610 47.0% 0.50 563 52.6% 0.50 870 51.3% 0.50 873 39.3% 0.49 5314 35.2% 0.48 571 42.0% 0.49 586 45.9% 0.50 571 27.1% 0.45 587 26.6% 0.44 695 37.0% 0.48 571 41.5% 0.49 866 36.5% 0.48 867 27.5% 0.45climate~g el Changed ag. practice in past year that may improve resiliency to climate change 5154 13.1% 0.34 569 20.7% 0.41 583 6.5% 0.25 550 5% 0.22 587 9.2% 0.29 565 15.2% 0.36 559 15.6% 0.36 870 22.0% 0.41 871 8.3% 0.28 5214 14.9% 0.36 571 22.2% 0.42 586 12.3% 0.33 554 8.7% 0.28 587 9.7% 0.30 610 13.3% 0.34 563 14.6% 0.35 870 25.2% 0.43 873 10.7% 0.31 5314 11.9% 0.32 571 14.2% 0.35 586 12.6% 0.33 571 8.6% 0.28 587 8.9% 0.28 695 13.7% 0.34 571 11.9% 0.32 866 15.0% 0.36 867 9.5% 0.29climate~t el Changed water use in past year that may improve resiliency to climate change 5154 3.1% 0.17 569 4.6% 0.21 583 1.4% 0.12 550 1% 0.10 587 2.9% 0.17 565 3.2% 0.18 559 3.8% 0.19 870 6.2% 0.24 871 1.3% 0.11 5214 4.6% 0.21 571 10.7% 0.31 586 1.4% 0.12 554 2.0% 0.14 587 1.9% 0.14 610 4.4% 0.21 563 6.0% 0.24 870 7.0% 0.26 873 2.8% 0.16 5314 2.6% 0.16 571 3.5% 0.18 586 1.5% 0.12 571 2.6% 0.16 587 2.4% 0.15 695 3.6% 0.19 571 3.9% 0.19 866 2.4% 0.15 867 1.2% 0.11S lf R t d W Self-Reported W ell-Beingfin dissa~el Dissatisfied with financial situation 5148 58.7% 0.49 567 48.9% 0.50 582 68.2% 0.47 550 63% 0.48 587 69.2% 0.46 565 59.3% 0.49 558 54.8% 0.50 868 53.6% 0.50 871 56.1% 0.50 5195 57.0% 0.50 568 51.1% 0.50 580 63.8% 0.48 553 68.7% 0.46 587 61.0% 0.49 608 59.0% 0.49 559 48.1% 0.50 867 50.5% 0.50 873 56.9% 0.50 5299 51.4% 0.50 571 51.1% 0.50 586 64.3% 0.48 569 52.2% 0.50 585 53.5% 0.50 693 51.1% 0.50 566 52.1% 0.50 863 44.0% 0.50 866 47.9% 0.50democ dis~el Dissatisfied with Malawi democracy 5020 41.9% 0.49 552 37.5% 0.49 566 52.7% 0.50 535 44% 0.50 573 55.3% 0.50 548 31.2% 0.46 551 37.4% 0.48 851 38.4% 0.49 844 41.0% 0.49 5027 44.1% 0.50 560 38.9% 0.49 561 60.1% 0.49 537 41.7% 0.49 551 49.2% 0.50 592 42.1% 0.49 543 31.5% 0.47 850 41.8% 0.49 833 46.8% 0.50 4977 38.1% 0.49 543 35.4% 0.48 563 54.9% 0.50 532 39.5% 0.49 529 35.9% 0.48 657 32.6% 0.47 524 35.1% 0.48 809 33.9% 0.47 820 39.5% 0.49life diss~el Dissatisfied with life as a whole 5134 37.8% 0.49 564 37.1% 0.48 577 46.8% 0.50 548 44% 0.50 585 44.6% 0.50 564 35.1% 0.48 558 33.2% 0.47 868 33.8% 0.47 870 32.6% 0.47 5183 38.0% 0.49 568 34.5% 0.48 580 50.9% 0.50 552 47.6% 0.50 582 43.6% 0.50 604 38.6% 0.49 558 27.6% 0.45 869 27.7% 0.45 870 38.4% 0.49 5260 33.7% 0.47 564 33.7% 0.47 584 41.6% 0.49 559 37.0% 0.48 581 33.6% 0.47 690 31.3% 0.46 562 38.3% 0.49 860 28.1% 0.45 860 30.8% 0.46badhealth el General health of HH members is poor/fair 5151 68.7% 0.46 568 66.5% 0.47 583 71.2% 0.45 548 69% 0.46 587 68.3% 0.47 565 73.6% 0.44 559 66.4% 0.47 870 70.0% 0.46 871 65.3% 0.48 5209 66.5% 0.47 571 72.0% 0.45 586 66.9% 0.47 553 71.2% 0.45 584 67.6% 0.47 609 73.4% 0.44 563 62.5% 0.48 870 56.6% 0.50 873 66.3% 0.47 5303 53.7% 0.50 570 54.2% 0.50 586 55.3% 0.50 569 51.3% 0.50 587 59.8% 0.49 694 58.2% 0.49 567 53.8% 0.50 864 49.5% 0.50 866 50.0% 0.50dayslaidu~el Number of days out sick in past month 5154 4.0 6.21 569 4.2 6.40 583 4.9 7.15 550 4.0 6.19 587 3.7 6.29 565 3.3 5.75 559 4.1 6.55 870 4.0 5.61 871 3.9 5.95 5214 4.5 6.77 571 4.4 7.02 586 4.1 5.48 554 4.6 6.93 587 4.4 6.81 610 4.3 6.10 563 4.4 7.03 870 4.3 6.79 873 5.1 7.48 5314 3.8 6.30 571 4.0 6.21 586 3.6 5.63 571 4.3 6.47 587 3.5 5.97 695 4.1 6.68 571 5.1 7.60 866 3.3 6.03 867 3.2 5.73insuf inc~el Income not sufficient to meet expenses 5141 39.2% 0.49 566 54.8% 0.50 580 51.2% 0.50 549 30% 0.46 586 19.6% 0.40 563 31.1% 0.46 558 41.9% 0.49 870 46.7% 0.50 869 35.9% 0.48 5164 41.8% 0.49 568 54.9% 0.50 578 46.2% 0.50 553 28.9% 0.45 585 36.2% 0.48 599 41.1% 0.49 539 29.7% 0.46 870 45.6% 0.50 872 46.3% 0.50 5272 41.1% 0.49 570 46.3% 0.50 582 51.5% 0.50 560 39.8% 0.49 585 42.1% 0.49 693 42.6% 0.50 554 35.0% 0.48 865 33.9% 0.47 863 41.0% 0.49insuf foo~el Food not sufficient to meet needs 1172 100.0% 0.00 102 100.0% 0.00 138 100.0% 0.00 126 100% 0.00 105 100.0% 0.00 95 100.0% 0.00 90 100.0% 0.00 240 100.0% 0.00 276 100.0% 0.00 5207 80.3% 0.40 570 82.1% 0.38 582 76.5% 0.43 553 91.1% 0.28 587 78.7% 0.41 610 89.2% 0.31 562 87.9% 0.33 870 72.0% 0.45 873 73.3% 0.44 5303 64.3% 0.48 571 72.0% 0.45 586 63.5% 0.48 571 76.5% 0.42 586 68.9% 0.46 693 62.3% 0.49 570 76.3% 0.43 860 55.0% 0.50 866 51.5% 0.50worrysecu~el Worry about security of things when away from home 5149 54.4% 0.50 567 57.5% 0.50 583 47.9% 0.50 550 58% 0.50 587 60.5% 0.49 564 50.0% 0.50 559 58.7% 0.49 868 52.9% 0.50 871 52.2% 0.50 5203 58.5% 0.49 569 61.3% 0.49 586 56.5% 0.50 554 56.7% 0.50 586 55.6% 0.50 609 57.3% 0.50 562 67.6% 0.47 864 52.2% 0.50 873 62.5% 0.48 5312 58.0% 0.49 570 56.1% 0.50 586 57.2% 0.50 571 57.3% 0.50 587 54.0% 0.50 695 55.3% 0.50 571 72.3% 0.45 865 52.8% 0.50 867 60.8% 0.49helpincri~el Has someone to turn to for help in crisis 5154 27.4% 0.45 569 23.6% 0.43 583 32.8% 0.47 550 21% 0.41 587 21.1% 0.41 565 26.4% 0.44 559 21.8% 0.41 870 31.0% 0.46 871 35.2% 0.48 5214 25.4% 0.44 571 26.1% 0.44 586 24.2% 0.43 554 19.9% 0.40 587 18.1% 0.39 610 14.9% 0.36 563 18.7% 0.39 870 42.6% 0.50 873 28.6% 0.45 5314 26.7% 0.44 571 22.9% 0.42 586 28.8% 0.45 571 18.6% 0.39 587 22.8% 0.42 695 26.6% 0.44 571 22.9% 0.42 866 35.7% 0.48 867 29.5% 0.46d19 el Financial self ranking: today 5146 1.9 0.89 569 2.0 0.87 580 1.8 0.92 548 2.0 0.89 587 2.0 0.91 564 1.8 0.82 559 1.7 0.87 870 1.9 0.86 869 2.0 0.93 5203 1.9 0.90 569 1.9 0.91 586 1.8 0.87 554 1.7 0.78 583 1.9 0.80 610 1.7 0.86 559 1.7 0.87 869 2.1 0.92 873 2.0 0.97 5294 2.2 0.99 571 2.1 0.99 586 2.2 0.92 571 2.0 1.01 583 2.2 0.82 693 2.2 0.95 563 1.8 0.95 863 2.5 0.98 864 2.4 1.07d21 el Financial self ranking: last year 5143 1.8 0.90 568 1.9 0.87 581 1.8 0.94 547 1.9 0.94 587 1.9 0.97 564 1.7 0.87 559 1.6 0.81 868 1.7 0.86 869 1.9 0.90 5193 1.8 0.92 567 1.8 0.92 586 1.8 0.91 554 1.8 0.94 582 1.9 0.88 609 1.8 0.92 555 1.6 0.88 868 1.9 0.96 872 1.8 0.91 5283 2.0 0.98 568 1.9 0.92 585 2.0 0.95 571 1.9 1.03 580 2.0 0.83 693 1.9 0.93 563 1.7 0.91 861 2.2 1.07 862 2.2 1.04d20 el Financial ranking of others in village: today 5076 2.2 1.17 547 2.0 1.07 575 2.1 1.18 544 1.9 0.99 581 2.1 1.09 556 2.0 1.13 548 2.0 1.16 863 2.7 1.29 862 2.4 1.12 5080 2.2 1.25 562 2.0 1.11 581 2.1 1.33 541 1.9 1.09 555 2.2 1.07 595 2.0 1.18 530 2.2 1.30 852 2.7 1.29 864 2.3 1.30 5033 2.5 1.27 548 2.3 1.25 583 2.2 1.09 549 2.2 1.36 522 2.3 1.03 663 2.6 1.29 522 2.1 1.25 817 3.0 1.24 829 2.8 1.26expect fi~el Optimistic HH will be financially better off next year 4995 44.2% 0.50 530 44.7% 0.50 573 44.0% 0.50 541 40% 0.49 559 36.7% 0.48 529 42.5% 0.50 548 40.0% 0.49 857 51.5% 0.50 858 48.3% 0.50 5013 44.9% 0.50 551 55.4% 0.50 574 48.3% 0.50 538 30.5% 0.46 513 33.7% 0.47 592 40.0% 0.49 532 42.1% 0.49 851 59.0% 0.49 862 43.0% 0.50 4999 53.1% 0.50 537 56.1% 0.50 577 62.2% 0.49 549 39.2% 0.49 514 50.2% 0.50 673 50.4% 0.50 511 45.4% 0.50 804 61.9% 0.49 834 54.1% 0.50incontrol el Believes personally able to control improvements to your well-being in life 5154 72.9% 0.45 569 73.3% 0.44 583 62.4% 0.49 550 66% 0.47 587 67.6% 0.47 565 75.6% 0.43 559 75.8% 0.43 870 80.1% 0.40 871 76.7% 0.42 5214 69.0% 0.46 571 75.3% 0.43 586 69.3% 0.46 554 60.8% 0.49 587 57.6% 0.50 610 72.5% 0.45 563 68.2% 0.47 870 79.0% 0.41 873 65.6% 0.48 5314 69.3% 0.46 571 69.0% 0.46 586 69.8% 0.46 571 63.2% 0.48 587 69.7% 0.46 695 73.1% 0.44 571 63.7% 0.48 866 78.3% 0.41 867 64.5% 0.48d1 el Overall life satisfaction 5134 3.0 1.39 564 3.0 1.40 577 2.7 1.50 548 2.9 1.49 585 2.8 1.43 564 3.2 1.41 558 3.2 1.43 868 3.1 1.14 870 3.2 1.35 5183 3.0 1.38 568 3.1 1.36 580 2.7 1.44 552 2.7 1.54 582 2.8 1.36 604 3.1 1.40 558 3.2 1.34 869 3.2 1.15 870 2.9 1.38 5260 3.2 1.36 564 3.2 1.34 584 3.0 1.44 559 3.1 1.46 581 3.2 1.29 690 3.2 1.36 562 3.0 1.49 860 3.2 1.18 860 3.3 1.38d4 el Satisfaction with democracy 5020 2.9 1.48 552 3.1 1.50 566 2.6 1.53 535 2.9 1.50 573 2.5 1.49 548 3.4 1.43 551 3.1 1.51 851 3.0 1.32 844 2.9 1.45 5027 2.9 1.44 560 3.0 1.44 561 2.4 1.39 537 2.9 1.57 551 2.7 1.43 592 2.9 1.45 543 3.2 1.38 850 2.9 1.29 833 2.7 1.46 4977 3.0 1.43 543 3.2 1.42 563 2.6 1.42 532 3.0 1.50 529 3.1 1.36 657 3.2 1.39 524 3.1 1.52 809 3.1 1.33 820 3.0 1.44d26 el Worry about security 5149 2.1 0.91 567 2.0 0.94 583 2.2 0.92 550 2.0 0.90 587 2.0 0.91 564 2.2 0.89 559 2.0 0.93 868 2.1 0.89 871 2.1 0.91 5203 2.0 0.89 569 2.0 0.89 586 2.1 0.85 554 2.0 0.92 586 2.1 0.90 609 2.1 0.87 562 1.8 0.88 864 2.2 0.88 873 2.0 0.88 5312 2.0 0.89 570 2.1 0.90 586 2.1 0.85 571 2.1 0.90 587 2.1 0.88 695 2.1 0.87 571 1.7 0.87 865 2.1 0.92 867 2.0 0.88d5 el Self-Assessed HH health quality 5151 1.9 1.00 568 1.9 0.96 583 1.8 1.01 548 1.9 1.01 587 1.8 1.02 565 1.7 0.95 559 2.0 0.95 870 2.0 0.95 871 2.0 1.05 5209 1.9 1.02 571 1.8 0.93 586 1.9 1.11 553 1.8 1.03 584 1.9 1.13 609 1.7 0.98 563 2.0 1.00 870 2.2 0.90 873 2.0 1.03 5303 2.2 1.08 570 2.1 1.11 586 2.2 0.99 569 2.2 1.16 587 2.1 1.06 694 2.1 1.05 567 2.3 1.14 864 2.4 1.03 866 2.3 1.08d8 el Negative WB: Number of sick days in last month 5154 4.0 6.21 569 4.2 6.40 583 4.9 7.15 550 4.0 6.19 587 3.7 6.29 565 3.3 5.75 559 4.1 6.55 870 4.0 5.61 871 3.9 5.95 5214 4.5 6.77 571 4.4 7.02 586 4.1 5.48 554 4.6 6.93 587 4.4 6.81 610 4.3 6.10 563 4.4 7.03 870 4.3 6.79 873 5.1 7.48 5314 3.8 6.30 571 4.0 6.21 586 3.6 5.63 571 4.3 6.47 587 3.5 5.97 695 4.1 6.68 571 5.1 7.60 866 3.3 6.03 867 3.2 5.73d2 el Satisfaction with HH financial situation 5148 2.4 1.35 567 2.6 1.42 582 2.1 1.36 550 2.3 1.42 587 2.0 1.33 565 2.3 1.37 558 2.4 1.41 868 2.6 1.12 871 2.5 1.33 5195 2.4 1.37 568 2.6 1.39 580 2.3 1.38 553 2.1 1.43 587 2.4 1.40 608 2.4 1.38 559 2.6 1.41 867 2.6 1.19 873 2.4 1.38 5299 2.6 1.42 571 2.7 1.39 586 2.3 1.35 569 2.6 1.50 585 2.6 1.39 693 2.7 1.42 566 2.5 1.53 863 2.8 1.27 866 2.7 1.49d10 el Expectation of financial improvement 4995 2.3 0.70 530 2.4 0.65 573 2.3 0.72 541 2.2 0.74 559 2.2 0.72 529 2.3 0.73 548 2.2 0.72 857 2.4 0.66 858 2.4 0.65 5013 2.3 0.73 551 2.4 0.73 574 2.3 0.72 538 2.0 0.76 513 2.1 0.73 592 2.2 0.71 532 2.2 0.73 851 2.5 0.65 862 2.3 0.70 4999 2.4 0.72 537 2.4 0.69 577 2.5 0.65 549 2.2 0.76 514 2.4 0.68 673 2.4 0.73 511 2.3 0.74 804 2.5 0.70 834 2.4 0.75d22 el Sufficiency of current income 5141 3.6 1.08 566 3.9 1.14 580 3.9 1.07 549 3.4 1.07 586 3.3 0.86 563 3.5 1.01 558 3.7 1.03 870 3.7 1.09 869 3.5 1.11 5164 3.7 1.11 568 3.9 1.14 578 3.8 1.09 553 3.4 1.14 585 3.5 1.03 599 3.8 1.00 539 3.5 0.97 870 3.7 1.17 872 3.7 1.13 5272 3.6 1.15 570 3.7 1.11 582 3.8 1.15 560 3.6 1.05 585 3.7 1.07 693 3.6 1.14 554 3.5 1.14 865 3.3 1.20 863 3.6 1.22d15 el Finances adequate for food 5153 0.2 0.42 569 0.2 0.38 583 0.2 0.43 550 0.2 0.42 587 0.2 0.38 564 0.2 0.38 559 0.2 0.37 870 0.3 0.45 871 0.3 0.47 5207 1.2 0.40 570 1.2 0.38 582 1.2 0.43 553 1.1 0.28 587 1.2 0.41 610 1.1 0.31 562 1.1 0.33 870 1.3 0.45 873 1.3 0.44 5303 1.4 0.48 571 1.3 0.45 586 1.4 0.48 571 1.2 0.42 586 1.3 0.46 693 1.4 0.49 570 1.2 0.43 860 1.5 0.50 866 1.5 0.50d19 el Financial self ranking: today 5146 1.9 0.89 569 2.0 0.87 580 1.8 0.92 548 2.0 0.89 587 2.0 0.91 564 1.8 0.82 559 1.7 0.87 870 1.9 0.86 869 2.0 0.93 5203 1.9 0.90 569 1.9 0.91 586 1.8 0.87 554 1.7 0.78 583 1.9 0.80 610 1.7 0.86 559 1.7 0.87 869 2.1 0.92 873 2.0 0.97 5294 2.2 0.99 571 2.1 0.99 586 2.2 0.92 571 2.0 1.01 583 2.2 0.82 693 2.2 0.95 563 1.8 0.95 863 2.5 0.98 864 2.4 1.07d21 el Financial self ranking: last year 5143 1.8 0.90 568 1.9 0.87 581 1.8 0.94 547 1.9 0.94 587 1.9 0.97 564 1.7 0.87 559 1.6 0.81 868 1.7 0.86 869 1.9 0.90 5193 1.8 0.92 567 1.8 0.92 586 1.8 0.91 554 1.8 0.94 582 1.9 0.88 609 1.8 0.92 555 1.6 0.88 868 1.9 0.96 872 1.8 0.91 5283 2.0 0.98 568 1.9 0.92 585 2.0 0.95 571 1.9 1.03 580 2.0 0.83 693 1.9 0.93 563 1.7 0.91 861 2.2 1.07 862 2.2 1.04d20 el Financial ranking of others in village: today 5076 2.2 1.17 547 2.0 1.07 575 2.1 1.18 544 1.9 0.99 581 2.1 1.09 556 2.0 1.13 548 2.0 1.16 863 2.7 1.29 862 2.4 1.12 5080 2.2 1.25 562 2.0 1.11 581 2.1 1.33 541 1.9 1.09 555 2.2 1.07 595 2.0 1.18 530 2.2 1.30 852 2.7 1.29 864 2.3 1.30 5033 2.5 1.27 548 2.3 1.25 583 2.2 1.09 549 2.2 1.36 522 2.3 1.03 663 2.6 1.29 522 2.1 1.25 817 3.0 1.24 829 2.8 1.26d22 2 el Insufficiency of current income 5141 2.4 1.08 566 2.1 1.14 580 2.1 1.07 549 2.6 1.07 586 2.7 0.86 563 2.5 1.01 558 2.3 1.03 870 2.3 1.09 869 2.5 1.11 5164 2.3 1.11 568 2.1 1.14 578 2.2 1.09 553 2.6 1.14 585 2.5 1.03 599 2.2 1.00 539 2.5 0.97 870 2.3 1.17 872 2.3 1.13 4718 2.4 1.15 570 2.3 1.11 582 2.2 1.15 560 2.4 1.05 585 2.3 1.07 693 2.4 1.14 0 n/a n/a 865 2.7 1.20 863 2.4 1.22d23 el Financial: Have someone to turn to for financial support 5154 27.4% 0.45 569 23.6% 0.43 583 32.8% 0.47 550 21% 0.41 587 21.1% 0.41 565 26.4% 0.44 559 21.8% 0.41 870 31.0% 0.46 871 35.2% 0.48 5214 25.4% 0.44 571 26.1% 0.44 586 24.2% 0.43 554 19.9% 0.40 587 18.1% 0.39 610 14.9% 0.36 563 18.7% 0.39 870 42.6% 0.50 873 28.6% 0.45 5314 26.7% 0.44 571 22.9% 0.42 586 28.8% 0.45 571 18.6% 0.39 587 22.8% 0.42 695 26.6% 0.44 571 22.9% 0.42 866 35.7% 0.48 867 29.5% 0.46d14 el Locus of control 5154 72.9% 0.45 569 73.3% 0.44 583 62.4% 0.49 550 66% 0.47 587 67.6% 0.47 565 75.6% 0.43 559 75.8% 0.43 870 80.1% 0.40 871 76.7% 0.42 5214 69.0% 0.46 571 75.3% 0.43 586 69.3% 0.46 554 60.8% 0.49 587 57.6% 0.50 610 72.5% 0.45 563 68.2% 0.47 870 79.0% 0.41 873 65.6% 0.48 5314 69.3% 0.46 571 69.0% 0.46 586 69.8% 0.46 571 63.2% 0.48 587 69.7% 0.46 695 73.1% 0.44 571 63.7% 0.48 866 78.3% 0.41 867 64.5% 0.48financial~el Self-reported Financial Well Being Score 4914 1.8 0.73 509 1.9 0.72 560 1.7 0.77 537 1.9 0.74 554 1.8 0.73 521 1.7 0.65 536 1.7 0.69 850 1.9 0.70 847 2.0 0.76 4834 2.0 0.72 537 2.0 0.73 557 1.9 0.71 523 1.8 0.66 487 2.0 0.66 570 1.9 0.69 477 1.9 0.65 832 2.2 0.72 851 2.0 0.78 4260 2.2 0.81 517 2.1 0.79 569 2.1 0.77 519 2.0 0.80 468 2.1 0.70 637 2.2 0.78 0 n/a n/a 755 2.5 0.78 795 2.4 0.88overallWB~el Self-reported Overall Well Being Score 4894 2.2 0.83 504 2.3 0.84 556 2.0 0.88 535 2.2 0.85 552 2.1 0.81 520 2.1 0.77 535 2.1 0.80 846 2.3 0.78 846 2.4 0.84 4805 2.3 0.84 533 2.3 0.84 553 2.2 0.83 521 2.0 0.80 483 2.3 0.81 565 2.2 0.78 473 2.3 0.77 829 2.6 0.83 848 2.3 0.91 4224 2.6 0.90 508 2.5 0.87 567 2.5 0.86 509 2.4 0.91 467 2.5 0.82 634 2.6 0.89 0 n/a n/a 750 2.9 0.83 789 2.8 0.96T h l U Technology Usen04 2 el Technology Use: Business info accessed by phone 3387 6.5% 0.25 396 4.3% 0.20 409 5.1% 0.22 258 2% 0.15 249 3.2% 0.18 374 7.0% 0.26 344 5.5% 0.23 674 11.3% 0.32 683 6.7% 0.25 2742 7.5% 0.26 301 6.3% 0.24 259 11.6% 0.32 243 4.1% 0.20 284 5.6% 0.23 247 7.3% 0.26 235 6.0% 0.24 601 11.1% 0.32 572 5.6% 0.23 2340 8.9% 0.29 267 7.5% 0.26 208 13.9% 0.35 222 5.9% 0.24 243 4.5% 0.21 320 7.5% 0.26 0 n/a n/a 538 10.2% 0.30 542 10.5% 0.31m118 2 el Technology Use: Public service info accessed by phone 3456 8.5% 0.28 398 5.5% 0.23 419 4.5% 0.21 260 5% 0.21 254 2.8% 0.16 377 4.5% 0.21 349 3.2% 0.18 698 25.2% 0.44 701 4.0% 0.20 2814 4.8% 0.21 301 6.0% 0.24 266 5.6% 0.23 249 4.0% 0.20 293 2.4% 0.15 249 4.8% 0.22 256 1.6% 0.12 623 8.2% 0.27 577 3.1% 0.17 2340 5.3% 0.22 267 4.1% 0.20 208 8.2% 0.28 222 5.4% 0.23 243 3.3% 0.18 320 3.1% 0.17 0 n/a n/a 538 7.6% 0.27 542 4.6% 0.21m120 2 el Technology Use: Reported public service accessed info by phone 3456 2.4% 0.15 398 0.8% 0.09 419 1.0% 0.10 260 2% 0.14 254 1.6% 0.13 377 1.9% 0.14 349 1.7% 0.13 698 6.7% 0.25 701 0.9% 0.09 2814 2.1% 0.14 301 2.0% 0.14 266 3.0% 0.17 249 1.6% 0.13 293 2.7% 0.16 249 1.6% 0.13 256 0.4% 0.06 623 3.5% 0.19 577 0.9% 0.09 2340 2.3% 0.15 267 1.5% 0.12 208 1.9% 0.14 222 2.7% 0.16 243 0.8% 0.09 320 3.4% 0.18 0 n/a n/a 538 3.2% 0.18 542 1.7% 0.13mobile us~el Technology Use: Use of phone for business or service info 3456 13.3% 0.34 398 9.1% 0.29 419 8.1% 0.27 260 8% 0.27 254 5.9% 0.24 377 10.9% 0.31 349 8.3% 0.28 698 31.1% 0.46 701 9.8% 0.30 2814 11.5% 0.32 301 11.3% 0.32 266 16.9% 0.38 249 8.4% 0.28 293 8.5% 0.28 249 12.0% 0.33 256 5.9% 0.24 623 17.0% 0.38 577 8.2% 0.27 2599 13.0% 0.34 267 10.9% 0.31 208 19.2% 0.40 222 10.8% 0.31 243 8.6% 0.28 319 12.5% 0.33 260 9.2% 0.29 538 16.0% 0.37 542 13.5% 0.34L l G Local Government Engagementm64 el Utilization: Nutrition assistance 5154 9.6% 0.30 569 7.7% 0.27 583 4.3% 0.20 550 8% 0.28 587 12.9% 0.34 565 11.9% 0.32 559 19.5% 0.40 870 10.6% 0.31 871 4.4% 0.20 5214 16.6% 0.37 571 45.4% 0.50 586 3.1% 0.17 554 8.5% 0.28 587 10.7% 0.31 610 8.2% 0.28 563 44.8% 0.50 870 15.9% 0.37 873 4.6% 0.21 5314 6.9% 0.25 571 7.4% 0.26 586 4.1% 0.20 571 2.6% 0.16 587 3.4% 0.18 695 7.5% 0.26 571 14.0% 0.35 866 12.9% 0.34 867 2.8% 0.16m76 el Utilization: Government run school feeding program 5154 30.5% 0.46 569 24.6% 0.43 583 11.8% 0.32 550 23% 0.42 587 47.0% 0.50 565 45.1% 0.50 559 55.5% 0.50 870 25.5% 0.44 871 20.3% 0.40 5214 20.2% 0.40 571 19.1% 0.39 586 6.8% 0.25 554 14.3% 0.35 587 35.4% 0.48 610 28.5% 0.45 563 44.4% 0.50 870 19.4% 0.40 873 2.6% 0.16 5314 14.0% 0.35 571 14.5% 0.35 586 6.3% 0.24 571 4.7% 0.21 587 5.1% 0.22 695 24.7% 0.43 571 28.4% 0.45 866 24.6% 0.43 867 2.1% 0.14m66 el Utilization: Training related to agriculture 5154 17.5% 0.38 569 18.8% 0.39 583 14.2% 0.35 550 17% 0.38 587 19.6% 0.40 565 12.7% 0.33 559 22.2% 0.42 870 21.4% 0.41 871 13.8% 0.35 5214 16.3% 0.37 571 33.8% 0.47 586 17.2% 0.38 554 11.4% 0.32 587 13.3% 0.34 610 12.6% 0.33 563 14.0% 0.35 870 17.8% 0.38 873 12.0% 0.33 5314 15.4% 0.36 571 19.8% 0.40 586 14.2% 0.35 571 8.6% 0.28 587 10.4% 0.31 695 16.5% 0.37 571 19.1% 0.39 866 20.8% 0.41 867 12.8% 0.33m62 el Utilization: Public schooling 5154 83.1% 0.38 569 78.2% 0.41 583 81.6% 0.39 550 87% 0.34 587 84.0% 0.37 565 83.4% 0.37 559 83.9% 0.37 870 83.0% 0.38 871 83.8% 0.37 5214 79.0% 0.41 571 82.0% 0.39 586 74.6% 0.44 554 81.8% 0.39 587 81.1% 0.39 610 80.2% 0.40 563 69.1% 0.46 870 77.5% 0.42 873 83.8% 0.37 5314 70.8% 0.46 571 71.6% 0.45 586 61.8% 0.49 571 72.9% 0.45 587 68.7% 0.46 695 69.9% 0.46 571 76.0% 0.43 866 70.7% 0.46 867 74.0% 0.44m60 el Utilization: Public hospital/clinic 5154 87.2% 0.33 569 79.3% 0.41 583 84.4% 0.36 550 89% 0.32 587 89.8% 0.30 565 88.5% 0.32 559 85.2% 0.36 870 92.3% 0.27 871 87.0% 0.34 5214 84.1% 0.37 571 78.6% 0.41 586 83.6% 0.37 554 89.4% 0.31 587 88.8% 0.32 610 83.3% 0.37 563 79.9% 0.40 870 85.3% 0.35 873 83.4% 0.37 5314 79.2% 0.41 571 73.7% 0.44 586 84.8% 0.36 571 79.5% 0.40 587 77.0% 0.42 695 80.7% 0.40 571 74.8% 0.44 866 81.5% 0.39 867 79.7% 0.40roadmaint~el Dissatisfied with government's road maintenance 5091 33.7% 0.47 568 21.3% 0.41 575 42.8% 0.50 546 34% 0.47 582 38.0% 0.49 556 26.6% 0.44 551 33.8% 0.47 859 27.2% 0.45 854 43.7% 0.50 5084 22.7% 0.42 568 17.4% 0.38 571 24.3% 0.43 545 23.1% 0.42 564 29.3% 0.46 603 19.4% 0.40 527 22.4% 0.42 854 22.8% 0.42 852 23.1% 0.42 4939 27.8% 0.45 557 25.5% 0.44 575 35.7% 0.48 550 29.3% 0.46 560 35.5% 0.48 640 14.8% 0.36 555 24.7% 0.43 750 30.9% 0.46 752 27.0% 0.44policing ~el Dissatisfied with government's local policing 5037 31.4% 0.46 556 29.1% 0.46 567 42.3% 0.50 542 33% 0.47 575 32.0% 0.47 546 28.8% 0.45 549 26.2% 0.44 856 23.7% 0.43 846 37.2% 0.48 5027 29.5% 0.46 566 24.2% 0.43 568 35.4% 0.48 543 30.8% 0.46 550 36.4% 0.48 590 26.6% 0.44 529 28.5% 0.45 838 24.1% 0.43 843 31.6% 0.47 4863 31.5% 0.46 552 24.8% 0.43 570 41.2% 0.49 540 35.9% 0.48 551 36.1% 0.48 626 24.8% 0.43 546 24.4% 0.43 737 31.9% 0.47 741 32.7% 0.47wash diss~el Dissatisfied with government's management of WASH 5100 35.5% 0.48 563 36.9% 0.48 578 40.7% 0.49 542 42% 0.49 585 28.4% 0.45 562 25.3% 0.44 551 30.7% 0.46 863 33.3% 0.47 856 43.9% 0.50 5076 32.9% 0.47 567 36.3% 0.48 573 44.5% 0.50 547 37.3% 0.48 564 28.5% 0.45 605 18.5% 0.39 519 19.8% 0.40 844 28.8% 0.45 857 44.9% 0.50 4962 35.1% 0.48 557 33.4% 0.47 580 38.4% 0.49 547 45.0% 0.50 571 37.5% 0.48 642 24.0% 0.43 562 26.2% 0.44 754 35.8% 0.48 749 40.6% 0.49marketmai~el Dissatisfied with government's maintenance of local markets 4987 42.2% 0.49 539 39.9% 0.49 554 44.0% 0.50 538 37% 0.48 577 40.4% 0.49 549 38.3% 0.49 541 39.7% 0.49 847 41.4% 0.49 842 52.3% 0.50 4908 39.2% 0.49 560 39.5% 0.49 565 42.3% 0.49 517 37.7% 0.49 548 41.8% 0.49 580 29.1% 0.46 505 32.9% 0.47 804 39.8% 0.49 829 46.4% 0.50 4826 40.6% 0.49 548 36.5% 0.48 571 37.7% 0.49 536 41.2% 0.49 545 52.3% 0.50 625 31.8% 0.47 542 41.7% 0.49 723 43.6% 0.50 736 40.5% 0.49consult d~el Dissatisfied with government's consulting citizens before making decisions 4789 48.5% 0.50 526 49.8% 0.50 531 52.2% 0.50 526 44% 0.50 564 41.5% 0.49 505 50.1% 0.50 541 33.6% 0.47 831 49.1% 0.50 765 62.1% 0.49 4640 43.5% 0.50 542 35.4% 0.48 508 52.6% 0.50 494 53.2% 0.50 487 41.7% 0.49 553 35.4% 0.48 476 32.1% 0.47 821 38.0% 0.49 759 56.8% 0.50 4339 46.1% 0.50 501 36.5% 0.48 544 58.3% 0.49 483 47.4% 0.50 478 47.3% 0.50 580 34.1% 0.48 483 47.6% 0.50 642 45.5% 0.50 628 52.1% 0.50corrup di~el Dissatisfied with government's keeping corruption in check 4830 58.4% 0.49 538 57.8% 0.49 539 59.2% 0.49 529 51% 0.50 557 46.5% 0.50 516 65.7% 0.48 535 53.6% 0.50 818 61.6% 0.49 798 66.8% 0.47 4729 52.5% 0.50 540 53.7% 0.50 545 58.7% 0.49 490 55.3% 0.50 507 55.2% 0.50 570 46.0% 0.50 493 43.6% 0.50 792 50.9% 0.50 792 55.9% 0.50 4558 48.0% 0.50 527 38.3% 0.49 544 56.6% 0.50 515 44.3% 0.50 520 53.1% 0.50 590 36.1% 0.48 484 52.1% 0.50 689 50.2% 0.50 689 52.4% 0.50landuse d~el Dissatisfied with government's management of land use 4687 39.8% 0.49 500 39.8% 0.49 514 50.6% 0.50 526 39% 0.49 567 33.3% 0.47 483 41.4% 0.49 523 25.4% 0.44 792 39.6% 0.49 782 46.9% 0.50 4609 36.1% 0.48 540 34.1% 0.47 499 50.3% 0.50 495 38.2% 0.49 491 39.3% 0.49 555 25.9% 0.44 469 26.2% 0.44 802 29.1% 0.45 758 45.6% 0.50 4342 35.3% 0.48 474 31.4% 0.47 536 43.5% 0.50 494 33.4% 0.47 472 34.7% 0.48 564 27.1% 0.45 488 33.8% 0.47 656 36.0% 0.48 658 40.9% 0.49m34 el Aware of VDC? 5154 84.1% 0.37 569 93.0% 0.26 583 70.8% 0.46 550 85% 0.36 587 83.3% 0.37 565 90.1% 0.30 559 91.6% 0.28 870 90.3% 0.30 871 72.1% 0.45 5214 78.9% 0.41 571 95.3% 0.21 586 62.3% 0.49 554 76.2% 0.43 587 73.4% 0.44 610 85.1% 0.36 563 87.4% 0.33 870 90.2% 0.30 873 63.7% 0.48 5314 71.3% 0.45 571 87.6% 0.33 586 63.8% 0.48 571 57.6% 0.50 587 64.1% 0.48 695 79.1% 0.41 571 82.5% 0.38 866 80.7% 0.40 867 56.7% 0.50m36 el Know what VDC does 5154 59.8% 0.49 569 75.4% 0.43 583 47.5% 0.50 550 58% 0.49 587 55.5% 0.50 565 68.3% 0.47 559 70.8% 0.46 870 63.1% 0.48 871 46.2% 0.50 5214 55.9% 0.50 571 75.5% 0.43 586 48.1% 0.50 554 48.9% 0.50 587 43.8% 0.50 610 57.9% 0.49 563 64.5% 0.48 870 67.8% 0.47 873 41.9% 0.49 5314 48.2% 0.50 571 68.1% 0.47 586 38.2% 0.49 571 42.0% 0.49 587 36.8% 0.48 695 55.8% 0.50 571 57.3% 0.50 866 55.5% 0.50 867 34.3% 0.48m40 el Participation: In VDC meetings/activities 5154 43.6% 0.50 569 48.3% 0.50 583 36.0% 0.48 550 48% 0.50 587 38.8% 0.49 565 59.1% 0.49 559 48.1% 0.50 870 45.6% 0.50 871 30.8% 0.46 5214 42.8% 0.50 571 64.8% 0.48 586 35.3% 0.48 554 45.5% 0.50 587 38.5% 0.49 610 47.0% 0.50 563 46.2% 0.50 870 46.7% 0.50 873 25.8% 0.44 5314 38.8% 0.49 571 50.4% 0.50 586 36.7% 0.48 571 30.1% 0.46 587 33.4% 0.47 695 51.4% 0.50 571 50.4% 0.50 866 37.8% 0.49 867 25.3% 0.44m42 el Know what local government does 5154 54.5% 0.50 569 54.3% 0.50 583 46.0% 0.50 550 55% 0.50 587 46.7% 0.50 565 61.8% 0.49 559 61.9% 0.49 870 53.8% 0.50 871 56.7% 0.50 5214 50.1% 0.50 571 60.1% 0.49 586 45.9% 0.50 554 46.9% 0.50 587 38.7% 0.49 610 56.6% 0.50 563 53.6% 0.50 870 56.0% 0.50 873 43.2% 0.50 5314 45.1% 0.50 571 48.3% 0.50 586 45.1% 0.50 571 39.9% 0.49 587 40.5% 0.49 695 49.6% 0.50 571 47.8% 0.50 866 48.3% 0.50 867 40.9% 0.49m22 el Participation: Volunteered in last 6 months 5154 56.3% 0.50 569 63.6% 0.48 583 49.6% 0.50 550 64% 0.48 587 55.2% 0.50 565 72.2% 0.45 559 60.8% 0.49 870 44.5% 0.50 871 50.4% 0.50 5214 51.6% 0.50 571 73.2% 0.44 586 41.5% 0.49 554 55.8% 0.50 587 45.1% 0.50 610 53.1% 0.50 563 47.2% 0.50 870 49.3% 0.50 873 50.1% 0.50 5314 51.7% 0.50 571 58.3% 0.49 586 51.2% 0.50 571 47.3% 0.50 587 49.6% 0.50 695 62.4% 0.49 571 55.3% 0.50 866 47.7% 0.50 867 44.9% 0.50

HSO: NkhotakotaBASELINE

Total FI: Balaka FI: Lilongwe Rural FI: Machinga PI: Mangochi PI: Zomba Rural PI: Nsanje HSO: Karonga HSO: Nkhotakota

(1) (2) (5) (6) (11) (12) (13) (14) (19) (20) (21) (22) (27) (28) (29) (30) (35) (36) (37) (38) (43) (44) (45) (46) (51) (52) (53) (54) (59) (60) (61) (62) (67) (68) (69) (70) (75) (76) (77) (78) (83) (84) (85) (86) (91) (92) (93) (94) (99) (100) (101) (102) (107) (108) (109) (110) (115) (116) (117) (118) (123) (124) (125) (126) (131) (132) (133) (134) (139) (140) (5) (6) (11) (12) (13) (14) (19) (20) (21) (22) (27) (28)VARIABLES u5 morta l i t SE usecontrace SE oderncontra SE VCT past y SE vctcouple SE vctfemale SE vctmale SE bednetu5 SE d publ ic c SE care4kids SE stockouts SE m70b ofte SE m70c often SE m70d ofte SE m70e ofte SE m70f often SE ad breastf SE exclusbf SE atesoy SE ategn SE materes i l ie SE improveda SE know loca l SE mobi le us SE volunteere SE l02p_F SE l02n_F SE l02o_F SE pect finbe SE incontrol SE badheal th SE nsuf incom SE n dissatis f SE moc dissati SE e dissatis f SE m68a often m68b_often m68c_often m68d_often m68e_often m68f_often

Comparison: Endl ine versus Basel ine Chi ld <5 in HH died in past 12 months SE

Woman age 15-49 currently uses contraceptives SE

Woman age 15-49 currently uses modern contraceptives SE

Respondent received VCT in past 12 months SE

Both partners received VCT in past 12 months SE

Female respondent received VCT in past 12 months SE

Male respondent received VCT in past 12 months SE

Reported a l l chi ldren <5 s leep under bednets SE

Uti l i zation: Publ ic hospi ta l/cl inic SE

chi ld to hospi ta l , hea l th center, or cl inic i f chi ld needs medica l care SE

Affected by drug s tockout in past 12 months SE

Cl inic/ho

spi ta l : Lack of

medicine or other suppl ies SE

Cl inic/hospi ta l : Lack of

attention or

respect from staff SE

Cl inic/hospi ta l : Absent doctors SE

Cl inic/hospi ta l : Long

waiting time SE

Cl inic/ho

spi ta l : Di rty

faci l i ties SE

Meets min. acceptable diet for breastfed chi ld 6-23 months SE

Chi ld 0-5 mo is exclus ively breast fed SE

Main woman in HH ate soy yesterday SE

Main woman in HH ate groundnuts yesterday SE

Used cl imate

res i l ience method

of cul tivatio

n SE

participate in farming that reported use of improved management SE

Know what loca l government does SE

Technology Use: Use of phone for bus iness or service info SE

Participation: Volunteered in las t 6 months SE

Decis ions : Heal th care SE

Decis ions : Heal th care of boy chi ld SE

Decis ions : Heal th care of gi rl chi ld SE

Optimistic HH wi l l be financia l ly better off next year SE

Bel ieves personal ly able to control improvements to your wel l -being in l i fe SE

Genera l hea l th of HH members i s poor/fa i r SE

Income not sufficient to meet expenses SE

Dissatis fied with financia l s i tuation SE

Dissatis fied with Malawi democracy SE

Dissatis fied with l i fe as a whole SE

School : Services

too expens ive/unable to

pay SE

School : Lack of textboo

ks or other

suppl ies SE

School : Poor

teaching SE

School : Absent teacher

s SE

School : Overcrowded

classrooms SE

School : Poor

conditions of

faci l i ties SE

Program effect: PI 1.199 (0.369) 0.729* (0.138) 0.736 (0.139) 1.649*** (0.233) 0.914 (0.197) 1.570** (0.302) 1.694** (0.431) 3.342*** (0.632) 1.067 (0.207) 2.352*** (0.781) 0.654*** (0.0945) 0.696** (0.0993) 0.764* (0.117) 0.497*** (0.108) 0.734** (0.0978) 0.372*** (0.104) 1.798 (0.830) 1.971 (2.696) 1.028 (0.269) 1.492*** (0.222) 1.606*** (0.214) 0.885 (0.160) 0.930 (0.116) 0.522** (0.136) 1.466*** (0.184) 0.730** (0.106) 1.115 (0.156) 0.843 (0.124) 0.913 (0.122) 0.687*** (0.0966) 0.727** (0.0916) 0.331*** (0.0428) 1.134 (0.142) 1.355** (0.176) 1.145 (0.151) 0.973 (0.189) 1.119 (0.154) 1.052 (0.168) 0.832 (0.149) 1.352** (0.183) 1.188 (0.181)Program effect:FI 0.841 (0.232) 0.672** (0.111) 0.701** (0.116) 1.080 (0.134) 0.958 (0.183) 1.253 (0.219) 0.792 (0.173) 1.713*** (0.291) 0.586*** (0.0942) 2.376*** (0.678) 0.467*** (0.0621) 0.681*** (0.0854) 0.917 (0.122) 0.681** (0.123) 0.918 (0.110) 0.616** (0.121) 4.106*** (1.784) 1.533 (1.553) 1.054 (0.214) 0.958 (0.127) 1.225* (0.143) 0.855 (0.134) 0.871 (0.0972) 0.426*** (0.0887) 1.310** (0.144) 1.080 (0.141) 1.144 (0.142) 0.747** (0.0968) 0.997 (0.116) 0.649*** (0.0792) 0.830* (0.0934) 0.770** (0.0838) 0.762** (0.0843) 0.877 (0.0981) 0.998 (0.117) 0.955 (0.158) 0.989 (0.123) 1.238 (0.171) 1.378** (0.214) 1.153 (0.139) 1.185 (0.165)Group effect: PI 0.970 (0.221) 1.227 (0.168) 1.178 (0.162) 0.784** (0.0853) 1.248 (0.201) 0.831 (0.109) 0.654** (0.135) 0.605*** (0.0823) 1.011 (0.136) 0.870 (0.181) 1.151 (0.126) 0.872 (0.0987) 1.097 (0.131) 0.977 (0.164) 1.015 (0.106) 0.488*** (0.106) 0.493** (0.170) 10.51*** (9.414) 0.528*** (0.103) 0.964 (0.114) 0.989 (0.105) 0.940 (0.129) 1.149 (0.110) 0.688* (0.135) 1.697*** (0.161) 1.108 (0.119) 0.867 (0.0896) 1.014 (0.110) 0.682*** (0.0703) 1.118 (0.117) 1.410*** (0.128) 1.378*** (0.128) 1.192* (0.113) 0.825* (0.0822) 0.967 (0.100) 0.824 (0.127) 0 673*** (0.0687) 0 574*** (0.0685) 0.747** (0.102) 1.125 (0.118) 0.762** (0.0914)Group effect: FI 1.193 (0.234) 1.731*** (0.212) 1.688*** (0.208) 1.037 (0.100) 1.206 (0.162) 1.028 (0.120) 1.058 (0.193) 0.902 (0.112) 1.028 (0.126) 0.746 (0.139) 1.831*** (0.186) 1.205* (0.119) 1.189 (0.126) 1.279* (0.184) 1.005 (0.0944) 0.827 (0.136) 0.291*** (0.0968) 2.139 (1.562) 0.701** (0.106) 1.086 (0.112) 1.470*** (0.136) 0.963 (0.115) 1.082 (0.0927) 0.889 (0.143) 1.363*** (0.115) 0.850* (0.0799) 0.738*** (0.0675) 0.971 (0.0923) 0.785*** (0.0715) 0.855* (0.0779) 1.110 (0.0889) 1.558*** (0.129) 1.441*** (0.122) 1.302*** (0.113) 1.266** (0.116) 1.146 (0.149) 0 650*** (0.0599) 0 690*** (0.0723) 0.753** (0.0925) 1.042 (0.0985) 0.852 (0.0912)Time effect: (Endl ine versus basel ine) 0.827 (0.166) 2.684*** (0.326) 2.650*** (0.322) 1.718*** (0.152) 1.502*** (0.198) 1.695*** (0.219) 2.088*** (0.316) 1.032 (0.117) 2.586*** (0.318) 1.232 (0.234) 1.939*** (0.181) 1.779*** (0.160) 1.291*** (0.122) 1.557*** (0.205) 1.623*** (0.136) 2.519*** (0.324) 0.635* (0.168) 0.772 (0.507) 1.206 (0.162) 1.055 (0.0996) 1.774*** (0.149) 1.161 (0.124) 1.583*** (0.126) 1.550*** (0.187) 1.041 (0.0812) 1.320*** (0.125) 1.351*** (0.121) 1.747*** (0.163) 0.731*** (0.0603) 1.601*** (0.144) 2.277*** (0.185) 1.242*** (0.0979) 1.487*** (0.117) 1.143* (0.0921) 1.255*** (0.106) 1.295** (0.154) 0 571*** (0.0482) 0 733*** (0.0686) 0.900 (0.0959) 0.930 (0.0798) 1.020 (0.0978)Female-headed household (reported no m 1.173 (0.183) 0.286*** (0.0359) 0.285*** (0.0362) 0.821** (0.0645) 0.205*** (0.0328) 0.733*** (0.0667) 1.715 (0.771) 0.758*** (0.0790) 0.951 (0.0967) 0.987 (0.159) 0.808*** (0.0639) 0.751*** (0.0569) 0.803*** (0.0667) 0.682*** (0.0789) 0.869** (0.0601) 1.099 (0.128) 0.954 (0.250) 2.414 (1.794) 0.755** (0.104) 0.758*** (0.0641) 0.565*** (0.0419) 0.685*** (0.0703) 0.693*** (0.0481) 0.585*** (0.0840) 0.614*** (0.0409) 5.620*** (0.604) 4.445*** (0.394) 3.123*** (0.278) 0.530*** (0.0389) 0.716*** (0.0505) 2.332*** (0.168) 0.988 (0.0655) 1.636*** (0.112) 1.159** (0.0793) 1.690*** (0.119) 1 430*** (0.124) 0.985 (0.0697) 0 741*** (0.0612) 0 736*** (0.0694) 0.857** (0.0605) 0.842** (0.0679)Youth-headed household (age 10-29) 1.330 (0.264) 1.463*** (0.162) 1.525*** (0.170) 1.709*** (0.173) 0.998 (0.125) 2.023*** (0.266) 1.467** (0.250) 1.106 (0.125) 1.340** (0.172) 0.836 (0.156) 0.823** (0.0765) 0.723*** (0.0684) 0.975 (0.0965) 1.113 (0.154) 0.893 (0.0776) 0.792 (0.123) 0.941 (0.205) 0.928 (0.593) 1.221 (0.178) 1.071 (0.105) 0.985 (0.0892) 0.736** (0.0881) 0.833** (0.0690) 1.333** (0.189) 1.151* (0.0956) 1.013 (0.0932) 0.739*** (0.0650) 0.721*** (0.0647) 1.824*** (0.166) 1.284*** (0.122) 0.759*** (0.0602) 0.920 (0.0746) 0.830** (0.0689) 0.854* (0.0730) 0.770*** (0.0702) 0.827 (0.122) 0.955 (0.100) 0.940 (0.112) 1.129 (0.147) 0.950 (0.0977) 1.128 (0.128)Member of HH has disabi l i ty (phys ica l or m 1.253 (0.191) 1.026 (0.115) 1.023 (0.115) 0.849** (0.0687) 0.923 (0.106) 0.899 (0.0946) 0.740** (0.100) 0.921 (0.0958) 1.247** (0.134) 1.006 (0.166) 1.205** (0.0977) 1.059 (0.0809) 1.054 (0.0856) 1.028 (0.112) 1.043 (0.0773) 1.281** (0.140) 1.229 (0.318) 0.808 (0.538) 0.807 (0.110) 0.843** (0.0712) 1.233*** (0.0910) 1.221** (0.113) 1.010 (0.0706) 0.846 (0.111) 0.961 (0.0649) 1.039 (0.0837) 1.168* (0.0934) 1.180** (0.0993) 0.765*** (0.0565) 0.830** (0.0609) 1.382*** (0.0979) 1.042 (0.0702) 1.248*** (0.0865) 1.104 (0.0765) 1.221*** (0.0899) 1.120 (0.103) 1.071 (0.0765) 1 252*** (0.0997) 1.075 (0.0978) 1.014 (0.0721) 1.168** (0.0911)Household head has no education 1.024 (0.186) 0.610*** (0.0811) 0.619*** (0.0835) 0.655*** (0.0595) 0.733** (0.108) 0.691*** (0.0794) 0.597*** (0.0954) 0.737** (0.0902) 0.682*** (0.0781) 0.989 (0.195) 1.051 (0.0983) 1.104 (0.101) 1.224** (0.121) 1.215 (0.166) 1.168* (0.102) 0.854 (0.136) 1.275 (0.383) 0.632 (0.522) 0.642** (0.124) 0.748*** (0.0773) 0.776*** (0.0671) 0.800* (0.0987) 0.809** (0.0669) 0.631** (0.139) 0.847** (0.0678) 0.932 (0.0865) 0.782*** (0.0674) 0.837* (0.0792) 0.753*** (0.0659) 0.867* (0.0727) 1.092 (0.0883) 0.819** (0.0662) 1.052 (0.0857) 1.020 (0.0831) 1.131 (0.0937) 0.986 (0.113) 1.037 (0.0896) 0.992 (0.103) 0.976 (0.114) 1.018 (0.0863) 1.279** (0.124)Percentage of adul t HH members who can 0.663** (0.122) 1.782*** (0.217) 1.813*** (0.224) 1.965*** (0.185) 0.883 (0.116) 2.064*** (0.249) 1.676*** (0.271) 2.065*** (0.240) 1.355** (0.161) 1.026 (0.202) 1.649*** (0.152) 1.486*** (0.133) 1.452*** (0.142) 1.255* (0.166) 1.277*** (0.109) 1.458*** (0.209) 1.202 (0.340) 0.861 (0.666) 2.121*** (0.343) 1.644*** (0.161) 2.032*** (0.177) 1.983*** (0.227) 2.372*** (0.190) 2.821*** (0.458) 1.853*** (0.148) 1.509*** (0.141) 1.751*** (0.156) 1.574*** (0.148) 2.171*** (0.183) 2.690*** (0.226) 1.059 (0.0816) 1.629*** (0.129) 0.562*** (0.0447) 0.856* (0.0681) 0.653*** (0.0540) 0.957 (0.107) 1 314*** (0.113) 1 779*** (0.182) 1.304** (0.147) 1 272*** (0.109) 1 615*** (0.162)Number of kids <=17 years old in househol 1.023 (0.0432) 1.143*** (0.0346) 1.143*** (0.0348) 1.085*** (0.0228) 1.016 (0.0299) 1.137*** (0.0319) 1.023 (0.0359) 0.945** (0.0248) 1.116*** (0.0310) 1.033 (0.0408) 1.027 (0.0215) 1.023 (0.0198) 1.044** (0.0222) 1.033 (0.0312) 1.031 (0.0192) 1.051* (0.0308) 0.945 (0.0564) 0.970 (0.141) 1.022 (0.0329) 0.996 (0.0216) 1.101*** (0.0211) 1.021 (0.0257) 1.050*** (0.0188) 1.113*** (0.0336) 1.084*** (0.0195) 1.108*** (0.0228) 1.387*** (0.0320) 1.539*** (0.0410) 0.970 (0.0186) 1.044** (0.0209) 1.023 (0.0179) 1.037** (0.0181) 0.976 (0.0172) 1.005 (0.0181) 0.956** (0.0182) 1.059** (0.0279) 1.038* (0.0202) 1.017 (0.0227) 0.998 (0.0255) 1 052*** (0.0207) 1 063*** (0.0237)Has a chi ld under 5 years old 0.693** (0.105) 2.243*** (0.208) 2.203*** (0.206) 1.708*** (0.117) 0.997 (0.0978) 1.712*** (0.153) 1.708*** (0.204) 2.377*** (0.317) 1.513*** (0.131) 0.948 (0.137) 0.918 (0.0641) 0.906 (0.0594) 0.904 (0.0635) 0.862 (0.0821) 0.943 (0.0591) 0.967 (0.0951) 1.048 (0.120) 0.999 (0.0721) 0.786*** (0.0506) 0.978 (0.0806) 0.862** (0.0520) 1.000 (0.102) 0.879** (0.0519) 1.011 (0.0676) 1.182*** (0.0754) 1.110 (0.0747) 1.351*** (0.0853) 1.045 (0.0680) 0.858*** (0.0498) 0.926 (0.0536) 0.909 (0.0533) 0.919 (0.0552) 0.954 (0.0592) 0 764*** (0.0624) 0.872** (0.0546) 0 799*** (0.0564) 0 782*** (0.0634) 0 850*** (0.0531) 1.007 (0.0707)Household dens i ty: people per room 1.096** (0.0510) 0.971 (0.0340) 0.967 (0.0339) 1.059** (0.0282) 1.031 (0.0379) 1.046 (0.0359) 1.053 (0.0507) 0.908*** (0.0271) 0.988 (0.0333) 1.025 (0.0568) 1.002 (0.0263) 1.021 (0.0251) 1.050* (0.0277) 1.094*** (0.0371) 1.029 (0.0247) 1.041 (0.0395) 0.816** (0.0756) 1.000 (0.170) 0.908** (0.0436) 0.952* (0.0275) 0.894*** (0.0224) 0.892*** (0.0315) 0.963 (0.0220) 0.827*** (0.0426) 0.960* (0.0214) 0.958* (0.0236) 0.965 (0.0254) 0.995 (0.0297) 0.958* (0.0236) 0.946** (0.0230) 1.087*** (0.0247) 1.038* (0.0233) 1.083*** (0.0250) 1.065*** (0.0241) 1.128*** (0.0265) 1.042 (0.0296) 1.013 (0.0232) 1.046* (0.0268) 1 078*** (0.0311) 1.020 (0.0238) 1.007 (0.0258)Member of household fi shes regularly 0.940 (0.241) 1.119 (0.159) 1.119 (0.161) 1.147 (0.138) 1.051 (0.157) 1.173 (0.195) 1.074 (0.198) 1.065 (0.150) 1.013 (0.158) 1.257 (0.312) 0.981 (0.114) 1.010 (0.113) 1.016 (0.126) 1.012 (0.161) 0.848 (0.0908) 1.017 (0.168) 1.011 (0.287) 0.696 (0.486) 1.088 (0.185) 0.784* (0.101) 1.051 (0.115) 0.954 (0.137) 0.858 (0.0877) 1.063 (0.181) 1.279** (0.130) 0.818* (0.0889) 0.915 (0.103) 0.858 (0.103) 1.000 (0.114) 1.224* (0.148) 1.092 (0.107) 1.053 (0.102) 0.964 (0.0974) 0.782** (0.0845) 0.797** (0.0907) 1.125 (0.164) 0.955 (0.103) 1.062 (0.132) 1.169 (0.166) 1.137 (0.126) 1.134 (0.137)Household grows tobacco 1.337* (0.225) 1.225* (0.142) 1.217* (0.142) 1.057 (0.0916) 1.138 (0.139) 1.154 (0.137) 0.999 (0.136) 1.077 (0.122) 1.219* (0.141) 1.461* (0.290) 1.087 (0.0959) 1.008 (0.0848) 0.924 (0.0822) 1.142 (0.134) 1.117 (0.0875) 0.835 (0.126) 1.088 (0.288) 0.500 (0.344) 1.644*** (0.213) 1.828*** (0.158) 1.461*** (0.118) 1.109 (0.111) 1.212** (0.0915) 1.424** (0.197) 1.111 (0.0835) 0.876 (0.0708) 1.007 (0.0814) 0.969 (0.0849) 1.361*** (0.107) 1.187** (0.0970) 1.023 (0.0729) 1.113 (0.0807) 1.039 (0.0787) 1.046 (0.0784) 1.078 (0.0844) 0.838 (0.0934) 0.836** (0.0680) 0.907 (0.0835) 1.127 (0.114) 0.911 (0.0720) 1.074 (0.0946)Tota l water col lection time (hrs ) 0.942 (0.0906) 0.947 (0.0552) 0.949 (0.0558) 1.046 (0.0466) 0.968 (0.0588) 1.023 (0.0538) 1.096 (0.0984) 0.943 (0.0532) 1.006 (0.0537) 0.923 (0.0681) 1.053 (0.0506) 1.103** (0.0451) 1.149*** (0.0490) 1.027 (0.0625) 1.135*** (0.0461) 0.996 (0.0677) 0.777 (0.146) 0.629 (0.199) 0.738*** (0.0827) 0.796*** (0.0461) 1.007 (0.0412) 1.011 (0.0516) 0.955 (0.0372) 0.992 (0.0784) 1.099** (0.0444) 1.038 (0.0448) 1.005 (0.0431) 1.045 (0.0469) 0.972 (0.0405) 1.046 (0.0458) 1.103** (0.0425) 1.039 (0.0387) 1.158*** (0.0463) 1.033 (0.0400) 1.176*** (0.0484) 1.094* (0.0530) 1.095** (0.0439) 1 144*** (0.0495) 1.047 (0.0539) 1 155*** (0.0498) 1.096** (0.0480)Time to nearest market (hrs ) 0.950 (0.0755) 1.040 (0.0493) 1.042 (0.0496) 1.015 (0.0365) 1.016 (0.0526) 0.989 (0.0439) 1.032 (0.0689) 0.920* (0.0431) 0.772*** (0.0335) 0.862** (0.0587) 1.031 (0.0395) 1.049 (0.0370) 1.045 (0.0396) 1.070 (0.0556) 0.996 (0.0343) 0.939 (0.0577) 1.064 (0.112) 1.439 (0.433) 1.026 (0.0634) 0.933* (0.0364) 0.940* (0.0318) 1.038 (0.0440) 0.925** (0.0299) 0.921 (0.0614) 1.012 (0.0319) 0.983 (0.0356) 0.976 (0.0338) 1.015 (0.0372) 0.902*** (0.0304) 0.928** (0.0310) 1.100*** (0.0343) 1.063** (0.0320) 1.072** (0.0342) 1.074** (0.0340) 1.129*** (0.0370) 1 162*** (0.0497) 1.018 (0.0343) 1 137*** (0.0423) 1 137*** (0.0473) 0 867*** (0.0292) 1.029 (0.0392)Constant 0.0281*** (0.00849) 0.391*** (0.0696) 0.375*** (0.0671) 0.595*** (0.0737) 4.104*** (0.769) 0.556*** (0.0883) 0.720 (0.157) 1.515** (0.302) 3.663*** (0.592) 32.76*** (10.10) 1.104 (0.140) 0.282*** (0.0357) 0.169*** (0.0235) 0.0561*** (0.0116) 0.492*** (0.0581) 0.0515*** (0.0114) 0.426* (0.197) 14.45** (16.77) 0.0540*** (0.0125) 0.235*** (0.0318) 0.346*** (0.0407) 0.104*** (0.0170) 0.553*** (0.0599) 0.0789*** (0.0173) 0.522*** (0.0550) 1.639*** (0.200) 0.501*** (0.0598) 0.451*** (0.0579) 1.020 (0.115) 1.498*** (0.171) 0.626*** (0.0658) 0.330*** (0.0354) 0.962 (0.103) 0.519*** (0.0566) 0.356*** (0.0403) 0 0867*** (0.0160) 0 554*** (0.0658) 0 215*** (0.0308) 0 148*** (0.0252) 0 694*** (0.0847) 0 150*** (0.0222)Observations 8,078 5,060 5,050 8,076 4,379 4,742 3,094 4,963 8,084 7,707 6,725 6,725 6,717 6,640 6,734 6,674 1,194 488 7,923 7,913 7,918 7,880 8,084 4,822 8,084 8,084 8,084 8,084 7,732 8,084 8,074 8,050 8,070 7,755 8,031 6,960 6,905 6,893 6,880 6,854 6,850Number of hh_id 4,130 3,085 3,082 4,130 2,966 3,258 2,311 3,213 4,130 4,068 3,879 3,879 3,880 3,864 3,883 3,874 1,075 471 4,121 4,119 4,116 4,113 4,130 3,187 4,130 4,130 4,130 4,130 4,111 4,130 4,128 4,127 4,130 4,108 4,130 4,443 4,428 4,423 4,420 4,416 4,412Robust s tandard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

(1) (2) (7) (8) (9) (10) (15) (16) (17) (18) (23) (24) (25) (26) (31) (32) (33) (34) (39) (40) (41) (42) (47) (48) (49) (50) (55) (56) (57) (58) (63) (64) (65) (66) (71) (72) (73) (74) (79) (80) (81) (82) (87) (88) (89) (90) (95) (96) (97) (98) (103) (104) (105) (106) (111) (112) (113) (114) (119) (120) (121) (122) (127) (128) (129) (130) (135) (136) (137) (138) (7) (8) (9) (10) (15) (16) (17) (18) (23) (24) (25) (26) (31) (32) (33) (34)VARIABLES u5 morta l i t u5 morta l i tusecontraceusecontraceoderncontraoderncontra VCT past y VCT past y vctcouple vctcouple vctfemale vctfemale vctmale vctmale bednetu5 bednetu5 d publ ic c d publ ic c care4kids care4kids stockouts stockouts m70b ofte m70b ofte m70c often m70c oftenm70d ofte m70d ofte m70e ofte m70e ofte m70f often m70f often ad breastf ad breastf exclusbf exclusbf atesoy atesoy ategn ategn materes i l iemateres i l ie improveda improveda know loca l know loca l mobi le us mobi le us volunteere volunteere l02p_F l02p_F l02n_F l02n_F l02o_F l02o_F pect finbe pect finbe incontrol incontrol badheal th badheal th nsuf incomnsuf incomn dissatis f n dissatis fmoc dissatimoc dissati e dissatis f e dissatis fm68a often m68b_often m68c_often m68d_often m68e_often m68f_often c15 c16

Comparison: Midl ine versus Basel ine Chi ld <5 in HH died in past 12 months SE











Cl inic/ho

spi ta l : Lack of



attention or




waiting time SE

Cl inic/ho

spi ta l : Di rty

faci l i ties SE





Used cl imate


of cul tivatio

n SE















School : Services


pay SE


ks or other

suppl ies SE

School : Poor

teaching SE


s SE


classrooms SE

School : Poor

conditions of

faci l i ties SE

Li teracy: Reading materials kids can read at home SE

Li teracy: Reading materials adul ts can read at home

Program effect: PI 0.921 (0.280) 0.888 (0.159) 0.916 (0.163) 0.879 (0.121) 0.854 (0.206) 0.838 (0.202) 1.029 (0.277) 2.245*** (0.434) 1.302 (0.227) 2.812*** (0.945) 0.640*** (0.0965) 0.571*** (0.0867) 0.686** (0.109) 0.616** (0.136) 0.776* (0.105) 0.921 (0.245) 0.506 (0.328) 0.644 (0.640) 0.852 (0.220) 0.899 (0.145) 0.878 (0.120) 0.698** (0.124) 0.870 (0.112) 1.254 (0.345) 0.600*** (0.0752) 1.119 (0.160) 0.924 (0.139) 0.774* (0.106) 0.685*** (0.0963) 1.051 (0.132) 0.514*** (0.0636) 0.948 (0.119) 1.187 (0.154) 1.234 (0.161) 0.824 (0.177) 0.804 (0.119) 1.017 (0.177) 0.968 (0.181) 0 681*** (0.0968) 0.921 (0.152) 1 681*** (0.232) 1.155 (0.167)Program effect: FI 0.753 (0.204) 0.730* (0.121) 0.741* (0.122) 0.578*** (0.0712) 0.791 (0.167) 0.634** (0.141) 0.485*** (0.116) 1.523** (0.262) 0.996 (0.149) 2.657*** (0.745) 0.442*** (0.0611) 0.603*** (0.0791) 0.817 (0.115) 0.827 (0.154) 0.979 (0.122) 0.799 (0.166) 1.856 (1.075) 0.739 (0.586) 2.204*** (0.438) 1.021 (0.140) 1.053 (0.129) 0.966 (0.149) 1.101 (0.126) 1.114 (0.249) 1.122 (0.127) 1.063 (0.132) 0.758** (0.100) 0.967 (0.118) 1.021 (0.124) 1.239* (0.143) 0.585*** (0.0638) 0.821* (0.0916) 0.765** (0.0877) 1.075 (0.124) 0.764 (0.140) 0.884 (0.117) 1.127 (0.166) 1.345* (0.220) 0.759** (0.0981) 0.996 (0.145) 1 461*** (0.182) 1 565*** (0.200)Group effect: PI 1.030 (0.238) 1.264 (0.190) 1.206 (0.182) 0.772** (0.0837) 1.239 (0.248) 0.831 (0.122) 0.629** (0.127) 0.602*** (0.0823) 1.051 (0.137) 0.934 (0.221) 1.187 (0.139) 0.864 (0.105) 1.112 (0.144) 0.922 (0.165) 1.080 (0.118) 0.456*** (0.101) 0.472 (0.229) 4.775 (5.830) 0.511*** (0.102) 0.987 (0.118) 1.022 (0.118) 0.941 (0.132) 1.177 (0.120) 0.638** (0.136) 1.681*** (0.169) 1.120 (0.123) 0.859 (0.0828) 1.007 (0.120) 0.674*** (0.0754) 1.132 (0.125) 1.468*** (0.143) 1.361*** (0.127) 1.239** (0.120) 0.806** (0.0834) 0.990 (0.102) 0.846 (0.149) 0 693*** (0.0800) 0 579*** (0.0803) 0.771* (0.117) 1.175 (0.135) 0.729** (0.0962) 0 641*** (0.0728) 0.822* (0.0965)Group effect: FI 1.256 (0.249) 1.880*** (0.252) 1.829*** (0.245) 1.032 (0.100) 1.188 (0.201) 1.051 (0.138) 0.976 (0.176) 0.933 (0.117) 1.076 (0.128) 0.791 (0.166) 1.943*** (0.212) 1.233** (0.131) 1.217* (0.139) 1.240 (0.189) 1.064 (0.104) 0.808 (0.137) 0.270* (0.199) 1.665 (1.107) 0.688** (0.109) 1.099 (0.115) 1.556*** (0.157) 0.958 (0.118) 1.107 (0.101) 0.865 (0.152) 1.327*** (0.118) 0.832* (0.0804) 0.742*** (0.0628) 0.943 (0.0986) 0.788** (0.0781) 0.855 (0.0819) 1.131 (0.0967) 1.537*** (0.128) 1.505*** (0.131) 1.298*** (0.117) 1.293*** (0.117) 1.133 (0.168) 0 664*** (0.0679) 0 665*** (0.0797) 0.729** (0.0977) 1.076 (0.109) 0.783** (0.0917) 0.838* (0.0823) 0.796** (0.0831)Time trend (midl ine versus basel ine) 0.967 (0.187) 2.079*** (0.243) 2.061*** (0.240) 1.892*** (0.168) 1.144 (0.163) 1.909*** (0.323) 1.928*** (0.314) 2.032*** (0.230) 1.419*** (0.152) 0.927 (0.178) 2.091*** (0.199) 1.999*** (0.184) 1.276** (0.124) 1.441*** (0.193) 1.624*** (0.139) 1.652*** (0.225) 0.526 (0.237) 1.911 (1.453) 1.274* (0.174) 0.758*** (0.0749) 1.909*** (0.167) 1.557*** (0.165) 1.238*** (0.0983) 0.851 (0.121) 1.147* (0.0913) 0.827** (0.0721) 1.314*** (0.124) 0.736*** (0.0622) 1.077 (0.0945) 1.634*** (0.130) 1.474*** (0.114) 1.405*** (0.108) 1.421*** (0.115) 1.207** (0.0980) 1 483*** (0.187) 0.815** (0.0716) 0.962 (0.0950) 1.047 (0.119) 1 665*** (0.150) 1 295*** (0.128) 1.231** (0.105) 0.973 (0.0869)Female-headed household (reported no m 1.077 (0.172) 0.275*** (0.0361) 0.270*** (0.0356) 0.845** (0.0678) 0.124*** (0.0259) 0.731*** (0.0820) 1.947 (1.001) 0.629*** (0.0687) 0.853 (0.0829) 0.671** (0.118) 0.872 (0.0749) 0.868* (0.0743) 0.775*** (0.0739) 0.694*** (0.0875) 0.835** (0.0640) 1.135 (0.140) 0.706 (0.368) 1.130 (0.528) 0.816 (0.108) 0.748*** (0.0685) 0.616*** (0.0514) 0.625*** (0.0639) 0.716*** (0.0543) 0.717** (0.118) 0.742*** (0.0535) 8.950*** (1.071) 4.156*** (0.442) 4.190*** (0.424) 0.578*** (0.0487) 0.724*** (0.0546) 2.743*** (0.214) 1.152** (0.0766) 1.590*** (0.114) 1.151** (0.0818) 1.591*** (0.114) 1.278** (0.135) 0.949 (0.0766) 0.889 (0.0859) 0.843 (0.0879) 1.045 (0.0794) 0.889 (0.0795) 0.974 (0.0756) 0 668*** (0.0589)Youth-headed household (age 10-29) 1.275 (0.241) 1.510*** (0.179) 1.501*** (0.178) 1.642*** (0.160) 1.061 (0.160) 1.786*** (0.278) 1.533** (0.278) 1.118 (0.132) 1.255* (0.152) 0.947 (0.192) 0.972 (0.0991) 0.734*** (0.0739) 0.911 (0.0980) 1.141 (0.160) 0.845* (0.0764) 0.765* (0.123) 0.874 (0.243) 1.086 (0.441) 1.337** (0.188) 0.972 (0.0986) 0.984 (0.0947) 0.695*** (0.0809) 0.791*** (0.0696) 1.512*** (0.236) 1.138 (0.0983) 0.882 (0.0786) 0.736*** (0.0722) 0.664*** (0.0662) 1.730*** (0.165) 1.227** (0.114) 0.768*** (0.0613) 0.952 (0.0744) 0.794*** (0.0664) 0.798*** (0.0680) 0.829** (0.0718) 0.633** (0.115) 0.746** (0.0877) 0.869 (0.118) 1.124 (0.165) 0.925 (0.103) 1.154 (0.139) 0 522*** (0.0518) 0 658*** (0.0663)Member of HH has disabi l i ty (phys ica l or m 1.392** (0.228) 0.876 (0.106) 0.915 (0.111) 0.952 (0.0778) 0.915 (0.131) 0.992 (0.125) 0.806 (0.127) 0.907 (0.0979) 1.101 (0.114) 0.966 (0.175) 1.059 (0.0962) 0.977 (0.0848) 0.976 (0.0912) 1.002 (0.122) 1.039 (0.0843) 0.908 (0.121) 1.287 (0.411) 1.184 (0.589) 0.802 (0.111) 0.875 (0.0816) 1.359*** (0.116) 1.229** (0.117) 1.125 (0.0872) 0.971 (0.147) 1.085 (0.0821) 1.056 (0.0867) 1.194* (0.122) 1.094 (0.101) 0.836** (0.0720) 0.973 (0.0784) 1.518*** (0.115) 1.086 (0.0748) 1.393*** (0.105) 1.017 (0.0773) 1.263*** (0.0942) 1.223* (0.133) 1.143* (0.0925) 1.118 (0.102) 1.050 (0.106) 1.159* (0.0930) 1.150 (0.101) 1.019 (0.0808) 1.064 (0.0920)Household head has no education 0.931 (0.173) 0.772* (0.109) 0.774* (0.109) 0.759*** (0.0674) 0.754 (0.132) 0.687*** (0.0911) 0.694** (0.128) 0.688*** (0.0838) 0.732*** (0.0772) 1.180 (0.251) 1.131 (0.113) 1.128 (0.113) 1.218* (0.132) 1.329** (0.191) 1.222** (0.114) 1.035 (0.166) 1.361 (0.590) 0.686 (0.354) 1.013 (0.160) 0.712*** (0.0798) 0.782** (0.0770) 0.829 (0.100) 0.844* (0.0733) 0.750 (0.165) 0.754*** (0.0629) 0.809** (0.0722) 0.724*** (0.0795) 0.833* (0.0845) 0.692*** (0.0684) 0.767*** (0.0671) 1.213** (0.103) 0.904 (0.0704) 1.056 (0.0887) 1.073 (0.0907) 1.171* (0.0952) 1.136 (0.143) 1.183* (0.112) 1.095 (0.125) 0.960 (0.115) 1.002 (0.0920) 1.166 (0.121) 0.898 (0.0850) 0 561*** (0.0640)Percentage of adul t HH members who can 0.640** (0.119) 2.567*** (0.338) 2.539*** (0.334) 1.840*** (0.167) 0.993 (0.167) 1.945*** (0.270) 1.690*** (0.310) 2.044*** (0.251) 1.640*** (0.183) 0.911 (0.200) 1.932*** (0.189) 1.579*** (0.155) 1.738*** (0.190) 1.222 (0.175) 1.428*** (0.130) 1.376** (0.221) 1.024 (0.321) 0.792 (0.465) 2.040*** (0.314) 1.839*** (0.196) 2.460*** (0.240) 1.947*** (0.221) 2.958*** (0.264) 2.113*** (0.411) 1.861*** (0.157) 1.497*** (0.138) 1.664*** (0.180) 1.720*** (0.177) 2.382*** (0.234) 2.441*** (0.218) 1.207** (0.0995) 1.554*** (0.119) 0.603*** (0.0496) 0.913 (0.0754) 0.675*** (0.0560) 1.062 (0.136) 1 483*** (0.145) 2 039*** (0.240) 1.250* (0.151) 1.197* (0.111) 1 550*** (0.165) 2 900*** (0.272) 10 10*** (1.137)Number of kids <=17 years old in househol 0.952 (0.0423) 1.170*** (0.0382) 1.162*** (0.0377) 1.106*** (0.0239) 1.041 (0.0380) 1.121*** (0.0377) 1.036 (0.0408) 0.967 (0.0263) 1.179*** (0.0325) 1.075 (0.0498) 1.039 (0.0243) 1.039* (0.0224) 1.061** (0.0247) 1.079** (0.0329) 1.057*** (0.0212) 1.079** (0.0337) 0.926 (0.0789) 0.974 (0.105) 1.044 (0.0338) 0.965 (0.0231) 1.106*** (0.0241) 1.010 (0.0257) 1.068*** (0.0206) 1.025 (0.0378) 1.081*** (0.0205) 1.054** (0.0217) 1.344*** (0.0377) 1.483*** (0.0431) 0.960* (0.0206) 1.034 (0.0216) 1.024 (0.0197) 1.034* (0.0178) 1.015 (0.0187) 0.998 (0.0189) 0.966* (0.0185) 1.040 (0.0321) 1.027 (0.0223) 1.038 (0.0259) 1.036 (0.0286) 1 064*** (0.0224) 1.042* (0.0242) 1 222*** (0.0247) 1.030 (0.0227)Has a chi ld under 5 years old 0.847 (0.131) 2.369*** (0.239) 2.318*** (0.233) 1.823*** (0.125) 0.996 (0.123) 2.173*** (0.241) 1.517*** (0.199) 1.907*** (0.243) 1.493*** (0.129) 0.684** (0.113) 1.005 (0.0768) 0.869* (0.0631) 0.854** (0.0666) 0.822* (0.0834) 0.900 (0.0614) 0.946 (0.107) 0.995 (0.114) 0.881 (0.0682) 0.779*** (0.0561) 1.016 (0.0852) 0.826*** (0.0538) 1.232* (0.151) 0.937 (0.0601) 1.062 (0.0714) 1.111 (0.0899) 1.104 (0.0860) 1.372*** (0.0972) 1.115 (0.0761) 0.908 (0.0560) 0.976 (0.0579) 0.899* (0.0567) 0.904 (0.0575) 0.897* (0.0567) 0 775*** (0.0752) 0.963 (0.0684) 0.908 (0.0748) 0 762*** (0.0690) 0.954 (0.0654) 1.103 (0.0839) 0 596*** (0.0398) 0 796*** (0.0587)Household dens i ty: people per room 1.117** (0.0523) 0.996 (0.0354) 0.995 (0.0351) 1.074*** (0.0283) 0.985 (0.0421) 1.066 (0.0427) 1.088 (0.0571) 0.895*** (0.0276) 0.910*** (0.0290) 0.977 (0.0573) 0.975 (0.0276) 0.985 (0.0272) 1.002 (0.0298) 1.103*** (0.0397) 0.987 (0.0251) 1.004 (0.0402) 0.835 (0.0959) 0.986 (0.108) 0.888** (0.0411) 0.984 (0.0296) 0.887*** (0.0240) 0.874*** (0.0316) 0.923*** (0.0224) 0.867** (0.0501) 0.911*** (0.0214) 0.929*** (0.0226) 0.946* (0.0290) 0.983 (0.0300) 0.979 (0.0260) 0.930*** (0.0236) 1.108*** (0.0266) 1.051** (0.0230) 1.060** (0.0247) 1.062** (0.0253) 1.103*** (0.0254) 1.062* (0.0340) 1.000 (0.0255) 1.017 (0.0290) 1.057* (0.0325) 0.989 (0.0246) 1.049* (0.0281) 0 919*** (0.0243) 0 901*** (0.0266)Member of household fi shes regularly 0.934 (0.232) 1.133 (0.167) 1.118 (0.164) 1.169 (0.136) 0.872 (0.153) 1.216 (0.247) 1.063 (0.208) 1.007 (0.145) 0.988 (0.141) 1.205 (0.305) 0.960 (0.121) 1.085 (0.131) 1.204 (0.156) 0.942 (0.161) 0.902 (0.104) 1.183 (0.205) 0.456* (0.202) 1.236 (0.651) 1.247 (0.204) 0.933 (0.123) 1.095 (0.135) 0.887 (0.123) 1.050 (0.113) 1.234 (0.230) 0.956 (0.0999) 0.688*** (0.0736) 0.794* (0.102) 0.770** (0.0962) 1.117 (0.135) 1.220 (0.150) 1.007 (0.101) 0.979 (0.0966) 0.860 (0.0876) 0.754*** (0.0806) 0.855 (0.0936) 1.101 (0.181) 0.939 (0.109) 1.039 (0.141) 1.208 (0.181) 1.019 (0.119) 1.033 (0.134) 0.975 (0.108) 0.809* (0.100)Household grows tobacco 0.948 (0.175) 1.202 (0.146) 1.189 (0.145) 1.076 (0.0940) 1.372** (0.206) 0.978 (0.138) 1.151 (0.168) 1.152 (0.134) 1.124 (0.123) 1.065 (0.220) 1.004 (0.0950) 1.029 (0.0935) 1.055 (0.100) 1.362** (0.169) 1.032 (0.0856) 0.959 (0.144) 0.766 (0.359) 0.768 (0.369) 1.603*** (0.205) 1.735*** (0.151) 1.356*** (0.120) 1.230** (0.124) 1.382*** (0.113) 1.411** (0.216) 1.272*** (0.102) 0.833** (0.0677) 1.047 (0.0999) 0.963 (0.0897) 1.200** (0.105) 1.091 (0.0936) 0.860** (0.0654) 1.100 (0.0794) 0.945 (0.0722) 1.130 (0.0891) 1.029 (0.0807) 0.962 (0.121) 0 779*** (0.0715) 1.027 (0.106) 1.112 (0.121) 0.926 (0.0797) 1.194* (0.113) 1.202** (0.100) 1.106 (0.100)Tota l water col lection time (hrs ) 1.048 (0.0733) 0.925 (0.0504) 0.930 (0.0508) 1.017 (0.0388) 0.917 (0.0571) 1.066 (0.0603) 1.080 (0.0871) 0.844*** (0.0421) 1.036 (0.0488) 0.892 (0.0623) 1.104** (0.0511) 1.203*** (0.0455) 1.243*** (0.0486) 1.188*** (0.0572) 1.113*** (0.0402) 1.137** (0.0603) 1.018 (0.148) 0.973 (0.260) 0.868* (0.0654) 0.888** (0.0416) 0.977 (0.0372) 0.907** (0.0448) 0.976 (0.0342) 0.935 (0.0716) 1.054 (0.0374) 1.013 (0.0386) 0.996 (0.0460) 1.023 (0.0422) 0.932* (0.0367) 0.979 (0.0369) 1.138*** (0.0411) 1.007 (0.0317) 1.128*** (0.0390) 1.069** (0.0361) 1.109*** (0.0384) 1.092* (0.0505) 1 133*** (0.0428) 1 154*** (0.0469) 1.092** (0.0487) 1 140*** (0.0450) 1.092** (0.0434) 1.067* (0.0383) 1.088** (0.0428)Time to nearest market (hrs ) 0.958 (0.0727) 1.024 (0.0510) 1.025 (0.0508) 0.990 (0.0334) 0.988 (0.0587) 0.961 (0.0473) 1.081 (0.0774) 0.987 (0.0448) 0.801*** (0.0320) 0.829*** (0.0591) 0.988 (0.0383) 1.012 (0.0377) 1.027 (0.0401) 1.031 (0.0541) 0.989 (0.0340) 0.929 (0.0584) 0.921 (0.156) 1.414 (0.423) 1.005 (0.0592) 0.964 (0.0376) 0.986 (0.0353) 0.969 (0.0419) 0.936** (0.0295) 0.964 (0.0720) 1.013 (0.0316) 0.991 (0.0336) 1.021 (0.0409) 0.999 (0.0369) 0.973 (0.0339) 0.998 (0.0329) 1.117*** (0.0352) 1.039 (0.0299) 1.099*** (0.0342) 1.064** (0.0327) 1.197*** (0.0366) 1.108** (0.0511) 1.050 (0.0372) 1 119*** (0.0446) 1 141*** (0.0499) 0 867*** (0.0306) 0.997 (0.0391) 0.970 (0.0330) 0 902*** (0.0336)Constant 0.0263*** (0.00768) 0.267*** (0.0516) 0.266*** (0.0515) 0.546*** (0.0658) 6.417*** (1.558) 0.555*** (0.100) 0.637* (0.147) 1.851*** (0.372) 3.144*** (0.471) 89.23*** (31.82) 0.986 (0.131) 0.253*** (0.0342) 0.141*** (0.0214) 0.0395*** (0.00868) 0.472*** (0.0575) 0.0449*** (0.0108) 0.605 (0.653) 4.039 (6.069) 0.0394*** (0.00911) 0.217*** (0.0312) 0.268*** (0.0352) 0.118*** (0.0187) 0.460*** (0.0525) 0.0733*** (0.0186) 0.574*** (0.0636) 2.123*** (0.261) 0.576*** (0.0780) 0.551*** (0.0756) 0.912 (0.115) 1.711*** (0.201) 0.500*** (0.0559) 0.320*** (0.0338) 0.855 (0.0946) 0.507*** (0.0573) 0.352*** (0.0398) 0 0656*** (0.0130) 0 484*** (0.0642) 0 159*** (0.0258) 0 125*** (0.0224) 0 653*** (0.0855) 0 144*** (0.0222) 0 172*** (0.0225) 0 171*** (0.0237)Observations 8,176 5,400 5,388 8,164 4,385 4,049 2,302 5,283 8,178 7,776 6,690 6,690 6,681 6,592 6,695 6,619 1,165 493 8,031 8,021 7,928 7,872 8,178 4,368 8,178 8,178 4,075 8,178 7,820 8,178 8,167 8,136 8,159 7,808 8,124 6,224 6,165 6,161 6,145 6,106 6,106 7,881 8,166Number of hh_id 4,132 2,952 2,950 4,132 2,962 3,242 1,568 3,151 4,132 4,036 3,872 3,872 3,871 3,852 3,873 3,854 1,101 482 4,125 4,125 4,109 4,105 4,132 2,782 4,132 4,132 4,075 4,132 4,112 4,132 4,132 4,131 4,132 4,101 4,132 3,591 3,581 3,581 3,577 3,570 3,567 4,086 4,132Robust s tandard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

(1) (2) (7) (8) (9) (10) (15) (16) (17) (18) (23) (24) (25) (26) (31) (32) (33) (34) (39) (40) (41) (42) (47) (48) (49) (50) (55) (56) (57) (58) (63) (64) (65) (66) (71) (72) (73) (74) (79) (80) (81) (82) (87) (88) (89) (90) (95) (96) (97) (98) (103) (104) (105) (106) (111) (112) (113) (114) (119) (120) (121) (122) (127) (128) (129) (130) (135) (136) (137) (138) (5) (6) (11) (12) (13) (14) (19) (20) (21) (22) (27) (28) (29) (30) (35) (36)VARIABLES u5 morta l i t SE usecontrace SE oderncontra SE VCT past y SE vctcouple SE vctfemale SE vctmale SE bednetu5 SE d publ ic c SE care4kids SE stockouts SE m70b ofte SE m70c often SE m70d ofte SE m70e ofte SE m70f often SE ad breastf SE exclusbf SE atesoy SE ategn SE materes i l ie SE improveda SE know loca l SE mobi le us SE volunteere SE l02p_F SE l02n_F SE l02o_F SE pect finbe SE incontrol SE badheal th SE nsuf incom SE n dissatis f SE moc dissati SE e dissatis f SE m68a ofte SE m68b oftem68b oftem68c oftem68c oftem68d oftem68d oftem68e oftem68e oftem68f oftem68f ofte c15 c15 c16 c16

Comparison: Endl ine versus midl ine Chi ld <5 in HH died in past 12 months SE











Cl inic/ho

spi ta l : Lack of



attention or




waiting time SE

Cl inic/ho

spi ta l : Di rty

faci l i ties SE





Used cl imate


of cul tivatio

n SE















School : Services


pay SE


ks or other

suppl ies SE

School : Poor

teaching SE


s SE


classrooms SE

School : Poor

conditions of

faci l i ties SE

Li teracy: Reading materials kids can read at home SE

Li teracy: Reading materials adul ts can read at home

Program effect: PI 1.330 (0.413) 0.792 (0.157) 0.774 (0.153) 1.892*** (0.271) 1.069 (0.239) 1.975*** (0.516) 1.735** (0.472) 1.450* (0.278) 0.821 (0.171) 0.938 (0.355) 0.983 (0.148) 1.144 (0.159) 1.095 (0.166) 0.779 (0.165) 0.928 (0.121) 0.380*** (0.0967) 4.959** (3.621) 1.878 (1.742) 1.203 (0.310) 1.672*** (0.270) 1.816*** (0.246) 1.241 (0.220) 1.060 (0.140) 0.406*** (0.107) 2.393*** (0.303) 0.644*** (0.0940) 1.001 (0.105) 0.903 (0.138) 1.184 (0.166) 1.000 (0.140) 0.664*** (0.0869) 0.607*** (0.0796) 1.186 (0.156) 1.161 (0.149) 0.926 (0.120) 1.147 (0.226) 1.367** (0.194) 0.963 (0.161) 0.785 (0.145) 1 830*** (0.248) 1.338* (0.208) 0.845 (0.108) 0.906 (0.125)Program effect:FI 1.099 (0.311) 0.865 (0.150) 0.891 (0.157) 1.860*** (0.237) 1.197 (0.234) 1.999*** (0.483) 1.733** (0.388) 1.158 (0.200) 0.571*** (0.0975) 0.975 (0.301) 0.999 (0.136) 1.079 (0.129) 1.107 (0.147) 0.785 (0.136) 0.942 (0.111) 0.739 (0.137) 3.059* (1.821) 1.390 (0.861) 0.479*** (0.0899) 0.917 (0.127) 1.165 (0.139) 0.913 (0.136) 0.775** (0.0907) 0.342*** (0.0743) 1.193 (0.133) 1.010 (0.132) 0.883 (0.0809) 0.958 (0.128) 1.013 (0.118) 0.620*** (0.0767) 0.669*** (0.0797) 1.380*** (0.156) 0.909 (0.104) 1.148 (0.131) 0.932 (0.107) 1.298 (0.220) 1.089 (0.141) 1.101 (0.159) 1.039 (0.161) 1 465*** (0.179) 1.257 (0.175) 0.992 (0.115) 0.792* (0.0958)Group effect: PI 0.875 (0.201) 1.153 (0.173) 1.135 (0.174) 0.685*** (0.0761) 1.024 (0.165) 0.706 (0.155) 0.647* (0.148) 1.402** (0.202) 1.384** (0.214) 2.417*** (0.651) 0.716*** (0.0831) 0.492*** (0.0520) 0.747** (0.0879) 0.584*** (0.0945) 0.809** (0.0802) 0.410*** (0.0757) 0.209** (0.139) 3.001 (2.125) 0.462*** (0.0887) 0.930 (0.121) 0.891 (0.0972) 0.679*** (0.0888) 1.086 (0.113) 0.826 (0.171) 1.057 (0.0997) 1.281** (0.138) 0.985 (0.115) 0.550*** (0.0599) 0.782** (0.0808) 1.526*** (0.152) 0.708*** (0.0706) 1.145 (0.116) 0.983 (0.0973) 1.226** (0.122) 0.689** (0.104) 0 565*** (0.0596) 0 618*** (0.0781) 0.802 (0.111) 0.838* (0.0863) 0 685*** (0.0817) 1.111 (0.111) 0.982 (0.105)Group effect: FI 0.924 (0.193) 1.342** (0.180) 1.322** (0.181) 0.606*** (0.0596) 0.927 (0.133) 0.670** (0.135) 0.486*** (0.0949) 1.374** (0.181) 1.086 (0.146) 2.049*** (0.471) 0.813* (0.0870) 0.718*** (0.0664) 0.954 (0.0981) 1.026 (0.138) 0.990 (0.0891) 0.626*** (0.0923) 0.507 (0.249) 1.228 (0.569) 1.564*** (0.209) 1.198 (0.136) 1.586*** (0.156) 0.912 (0.100) 1.273** (0.119) 1.010 (0.171) 1.504*** (0.128) 0.916 (0.0851) 0.768*** (0.0779) 0.806** (0.0763) 0.890 (0.0840) 1.352*** (0.120) 0.883 (0.0778) 1.212** (0.111) 1.019 (0.0901) 1.396*** (0.125) 0.837 (0.110) 0 597*** (0.0562) 0.767** (0.0837) 1.006 (0.121) 0.828** (0.0767) 0.782** (0.0828) 1 261*** (0.113) 1.261** (0.120)Time effect: (Endl ine versus midl ine) 0.849 (0.168) 1.402*** (0.172) 1.387*** (0.172) 0.900 (0.0820) 1.382** (0.186) 0.911 (0.162) 1.042 (0.162) 0.521*** (0.0567) 1.837*** (0.233) 1.297 (0.250) 0.992 (0.0957) 0.959 (0.0788) 1.046 (0.0953) 1.125 (0.138) 1.020 (0.0823) 1.645*** (0.191) 1.057 (0.386) 0.601 (0.256) 0.952 (0.123) 1.411*** (0.139) 0.994 (0.0837) 0.755*** (0.0760) 1.335*** (0.111) 1.915*** (0.250) 0.897 (0.0701) 1.591*** (0.147) 1.363*** (0.136) 0.927 (0.0768) 1.460*** (0.131) 1.500*** (0.125) 0.841** (0.0672) 1.077 (0.0885) 0.808*** (0.0657) 1.045 (0.0860) 0.970 (0.115) 0 679*** (0.0586) 0 754*** (0.0725) 0.860 (0.0931) 0 591*** (0.0505) 0.786** (0.0766) 1 778*** (0.148) 1.193** (0.102)Female-headed household (reported no m 1.449** (0.226) 0.279*** (0.0359) 0.274*** (0.0362) 0.860** (0.0660) 0.199*** (0.0324) 0.768** (0.0932) 2.706* (1.507) 0.781** (0.0773) 0.772** (0.0834) 0.977 (0.188) 0.851** (0.0699) 0.832** (0.0600) 0.766*** (0.0628) 0.678*** (0.0791) 0.839** (0.0583) 1.020 (0.120) 1.034 (0.360) 0.949 (0.365) 0.839 (0.0983) 0.799** (0.0706) 0.660*** (0.0522) 0.744*** (0.0718) 0.727*** (0.0553) 0.493*** (0.0754) 0.708*** (0.0472) 5.958*** (0.632) 3.641*** (0.379) 3.375*** (0.306) 0.622*** (0.0484) 0.687*** (0.0487) 2.347*** (0.181) 0.974 (0.0674) 1.765*** (0.131) 1.225*** (0.0844) 1.638*** (0.112) 1 343*** (0.129) 0.988 (0.0710) 0 761*** (0.0692) 0.788** (0.0773) 0.855** (0.0589) 0 751*** (0.0640) 0.931 (0.0632) 0 677*** (0.0524)Youth-headed household (age 10-29) 1.155 (0.249) 1.561*** (0.210) 1.599*** (0.219) 1.811*** (0.206) 0.914 (0.130) 2.962*** (0.741) 1.505** (0.290) 0.959 (0.112) 1.457** (0.231) 1.035 (0.264) 0.843 (0.0896) 0.680*** (0.0664) 0.993 (0.107) 1.135 (0.165) 0.915 (0.0873) 0.768* (0.121) 0.689 (0.233) 0.916 (0.391) 1.357** (0.191) 1.123 (0.130) 0.804** (0.0833) 0.690*** (0.0886) 0.800** (0.0800) 1.237 (0.204) 0.962 (0.0890) 0.906 (0.0899) 0.783* (0.103) 0.760*** (0.0788) 1.806*** (0.187) 1.131 (0.118) 0.894 (0.0806) 0.958 (0.0907) 0.891 (0.0875) 0.811** (0.0779) 0.911 (0.0870) 0.831 (0.143) 0.900 (0.104) 0.876 (0.126) 0.886 (0.137) 0.910 (0.101) 1.026 (0.130) 0 562*** (0.0555) 0 596*** (0.0615)Member of HH has disabi l i ty (phys ica l or m 1.419** (0.212) 0.969 (0.112) 0.982 (0.115) 0.926 (0.0730) 0.991 (0.119) 1.020 (0.140) 0.708** (0.0948) 0.936 (0.0951) 1.044 (0.121) 0.863 (0.161) 1.182* (0.102) 0.997 (0.0737) 1.055 (0.0880) 1.043 (0.113) 1.087 (0.0789) 1.308** (0.145) 1.604 (0.518) 0.696 (0.290) 0.880 (0.108) 0.716*** (0.0662) 1.227** (0.0977) 1.095 (0.0982) 1.117 (0.0859) 0.874 (0.119) 0.963 (0.0660) 1.099 (0.0887) 1.109 (0.110) 1.118 (0.0976) 0.847** (0.0661) 0.963 (0.0726) 1.311*** (0.0972) 1.133* (0.0812) 1.219*** (0.0909) 1.095 (0.0784) 1.156** (0.0818) 1.060 (0.106) 0.996 (0.0744) 1.212** (0.102) 1.218** (0.113) 1.129* (0.0820) 1 243*** (0.101) 1.054 (0.0728) 0.958 (0.0734)Household head has no education 1.070 (0.200) 0.811 (0.119) 0.828 (0.124) 0.735*** (0.0681) 0.802 (0.121) 0.574*** (0.0873) 0.716* (0.123) 0.686*** (0.0787) 0.671*** (0.0832) 1.490 (0.394) 1.075 (0.108) 1.050 (0.0961) 1.227** (0.122) 1.305** (0.173) 1.093 (0.0955) 0.875 (0.139) 0.911 (0.399) 0.948 (0.481) 0.993 (0.154) 0.805** (0.0891) 0.754*** (0.0718) 0.817 (0.102) 0.764*** (0.0678) 0.536*** (0.127) 0.772*** (0.0626) 1.017 (0.0953) 0.918 (0.105) 0.947 (0.0934) 0.779*** (0.0732) 0.927 (0.0786) 1.212** (0.108) 0.757*** (0.0648) 1.074 (0.0939) 1.137 (0.0960) 1.107 (0.0908) 1.134 (0.142) 1.026 (0.0955) 1.115 (0.124) 0.816 (0.103) 0.900 (0.0766) 1.100 (0.115) 0.882 (0.0753) 0 592*** (0.0617)Percentage of adul t HH members who can 0.566*** (0.106) 2.003*** (0.265) 2.007*** (0.271) 1.980*** (0.183) 1.106 (0.152) 2.096*** (0.332) 1.745*** (0.285) 2.249*** (0.259) 1.248* (0.161) 0.862 (0.201) 1.822*** (0.176) 1.484*** (0.129) 1.691*** (0.168) 1.193 (0.153) 1.259*** (0.104) 1.410** (0.201) 1.140 (0.413) 0.823 (0.382) 1.972*** (0.286) 1.760*** (0.187) 2.623*** (0.245) 2.450*** (0.279) 2.690*** (0.240) 2.562*** (0.440) 2.005*** (0.160) 1.566*** (0.146) 1.742*** (0.196) 1.742*** (0.168) 2.322*** (0.213) 2.732*** (0.235) 1.210** (0.100) 1.701*** (0.143) 0.574*** (0.0477) 0.934 (0.0773) 0.688*** (0.0562) 1.206 (0.147) 1 416*** (0.130) 2 186*** (0.245) 1 453*** (0.168) 1.156* (0.0992) 1 583*** (0.166) 2 398*** (0.203) 8 290*** (0.830)Number of kids <=17 years old in househol 0.995 (0.0407) 1.166*** (0.0389) 1.165*** (0.0393) 1.124*** (0.0241) 1.010 (0.0311) 1.194*** (0.0476) 1.037 (0.0365) 0.999 (0.0255) 1.196*** (0.0379) 1.062 (0.0462) 1.001 (0.0222) 0.986 (0.0183) 1.024 (0.0219) 1.016 (0.0281) 1.039** (0.0193) 1.025 (0.0310) 1.005 (0.0830) 0.901 (0.0957) 1.076** (0.0328) 1.015 (0.0237) 1.107*** (0.0229) 1.047* (0.0256) 1.070*** (0.0210) 1.076** (0.0347) 1.079*** (0.0194) 1.090*** (0.0228) 1.358*** (0.0411) 1.457*** (0.0407) 0.963* (0.0195) 1.073*** (0.0215) 1.041** (0.0199) 1.031 (0.0191) 0.964* (0.0185) 1.000 (0.0187) 0.968* (0.0181) 1.046 (0.0287) 0.997 (0.0196) 1.034 (0.0251) 1.022 (0.0269) 1.051** (0.0207) 1.035 (0.0232) 1 276*** (0.0246) 1.043** (0.0211)Has a chi ld under 5 years old 1.046 (0.154) 2.027*** (0.197) 2.048*** (0.202) 1.861*** (0.127) 1.015 (0.105) 2.042*** (0.254) 1.814*** (0.221) 1.803*** (0.204) 1.529*** (0.150) 1.050 (0.175) 1.059 (0.0767) 0.946 (0.0603) 0.907 (0.0652) 0.815** (0.0759) 0.940 (0.0583) 1.035 (0.104) 0.974 (0.101) 0.995 (0.0747) 0.828*** (0.0559) 1.000 (0.0786) 0.865** (0.0577) 1.108 (0.123) 0.952 (0.0567) 1.037 (0.0699) 1.188** (0.0993) 1.174** (0.0836) 1.346*** (0.0890) 0.955 (0.0625) 0.944 (0.0598) 1.003 (0.0624) 1.001 (0.0635) 0.987 (0.0609) 0.965 (0.0593) 0 734*** (0.0660) 0.993 (0.0643) 0.936 (0.0713) 0.807** (0.0672) 1.020 (0.0636) 1.119 (0.0808) 0 653*** (0.0391) 0.845** (0.0552)Household dens i ty: people per room 1.071 (0.0566) 0.970 (0.0371) 0.972 (0.0379) 1.037 (0.0301) 1.069 (0.0444) 1.019 (0.0542) 1.030 (0.0525) 0.888*** (0.0276) 0.933* (0.0370) 1.002 (0.0711) 1.017 (0.0302) 1.057** (0.0266) 1.053* (0.0298) 1.077** (0.0383) 1.023 (0.0258) 1.001 (0.0405) 0.743** (0.0948) 1.042 (0.126) 0.847*** (0.0432) 0.906*** (0.0315) 0.904*** (0.0250) 0.868*** (0.0327) 0.940** (0.0251) 0.800*** (0.0473) 0.953** (0.0230) 0.956* (0.0252) 0.997 (0.0374) 0.995 (0.0313) 0.928*** (0.0256) 0.895*** (0.0231) 1.065** (0.0281) 1.008 (0.0261) 1.133*** (0.0303) 1.072*** (0.0271) 1.137*** (0.0280) 1 106*** (0.0352) 0.984 (0.0253) 0.957 (0.0289) 1.018 (0.0332) 0.968 (0.0243) 1.016 (0.0286) 0 897*** (0.0229) 0 906*** (0.0268)Member of household fi shes regularly 1.219 (0.300) 1.143 (0.191) 1.131 (0.191) 1.026 (0.135) 0.908 (0.156) 0.756 (0.216) 1.019 (0.196) 1.184 (0.182) 1.121 (0.208) 1.034 (0.285) 0.910 (0.120) 1.032 (0.117) 0.980 (0.129) 0.981 (0.163) 0.829* (0.0943) 1.057 (0.180) 2.134* (0.858) 1.551 (0.844) 1.166 (0.198) 0.944 (0.136) 0.974 (0.124) 1.024 (0.146) 1.244* (0.154) 1.119 (0.198) 1.246* (0.145) 0.888 (0.106) 1.224 (0.208) 0.998 (0.139) 1.118 (0.137) 1.006 (0.131) 1.053 (0.116) 1.027 (0.111) 0.991 (0.115) 0.930 (0.106) 0.821* (0.0957) 1.155 (0.192) 0.959 (0.111) 0.947 (0.135) 1.302* (0.198) 0.997 (0.116) 1.051 (0.141) 1.095 (0.122) 0.874 (0.110)Household grows tobacco 1.316 (0.245) 1.109 (0.143) 1.108 (0.145) 1.118 (0.105) 1.264* (0.173) 1.172 (0.222) 1.113 (0.159) 1.093 (0.132) 1.272* (0.172) 0.845 (0.192) 1.173 (0.117) 1.099 (0.0943) 0.993 (0.0937) 1.367** (0.172) 1.055 (0.0864) 0.983 (0.145) 1.657 (0.605) 0.614 (0.295) 1.437*** (0.189) 1.677*** (0.161) 1.511*** (0.137) 1.163 (0.119) 1.187* (0.106) 1.647*** (0.240) 1.213** (0.0968) 0.827** (0.0708) 0.960 (0.106) 0.903 (0.0863) 1.202** (0.108) 1.210** (0.110) 1.027 (0.0858) 1.045 (0.0885) 0.964 (0.0830) 1.012 (0.0858) 0.983 (0.0806) 1.027 (0.124) 0.955 (0.0858) 0.958 (0.101) 1.018 (0.115) 0.916 (0.0782) 1.227** (0.116) 1.102 (0.0880) 1.064 (0.0903)Tota l water col lection time (hrs ) 0.915 (0.0857) 0.963 (0.0576) 0.971 (0.0594) 0.984 (0.0447) 1.014 (0.0663) 1.037 (0.0865) 1.069 (0.0984) 0.936 (0.0530) 1.063 (0.0692) 0.794*** (0.0682) 1.155*** (0.0591) 1.257*** (0.0523) 1.259*** (0.0563) 1.216*** (0.0696) 1.182*** (0.0496) 1.166** (0.0745) 1.030 (0.217) 0.948 (0.211) 0.821** (0.0660) 0.858*** (0.0503) 1.122** (0.0510) 1.059 (0.0534) 1.030 (0.0441) 0.872 (0.0754) 1.132*** (0.0458) 1.069 (0.0496) 1.032 (0.0763) 0.987 (0.0454) 0.848*** (0.0392) 0.968 (0.0416) 1.291*** (0.0633) 1.131*** (0.0455) 1.123*** (0.0485) 1.034 (0.0417) 1.121*** (0.0450) 1 214*** (0.0636) 1.091** (0.0436) 1 201*** (0.0551) 1 173*** (0.0595) 1 227*** (0.0539) 1 164*** (0.0513) 1.088** (0.0433) 1.050 (0.0461)Time to nearest market (hrs ) 1.014 (0.0844) 0.987 (0.0531) 0.986 (0.0542) 0.955 (0.0351) 0.940 (0.0515) 0.902 (0.0594) 1.005 (0.0661) 0.996 (0.0476) 0.670*** (0.0334) 0.806*** (0.0609) 1.010 (0.0417) 1.056 (0.0375) 1.026 (0.0409) 0.948 (0.0520) 1.013 (0.0355) 0.934 (0.0539) 0.838 (0.155) 1.067 (0.192) 0.967 (0.0575) 0.890*** (0.0400) 0.891*** (0.0332) 1.035 (0.0427) 0.869*** (0.0314) 0.868* (0.0642) 0.969 (0.0318) 0.938* (0.0347) 0.905** (0.0456) 0.963 (0.0371) 0.901*** (0.0328) 0.906*** (0.0319) 1.099*** (0.0388) 1.139*** (0.0375) 1.163*** (0.0424) 1.105*** (0.0373) 1.174*** (0.0383) 1.086* (0.0522) 1.023 (0.0364) 1.081* (0.0452) 1 129*** (0.0506) 0 821*** (0.0295) 0.974 (0.0390) 0.929** (0.0310) 0 874*** (0.0317)Constant 0.0269*** (0.00773) 0.745 (0.141) 0.714* (0.138) 1.033 (0.125) 4.612*** (0.911) 0.976 (0.231) 1.353 (0.290) 2.601*** (0.476) 6.672*** (1.193) 52.71*** (17.52) 2.067*** (0.278) 0.512*** (0.0594) 0.190*** (0.0257) 0.0863*** (0.0163) 0.764** (0.0860) 0.0736*** (0.0148) 0.127*** (0.0868) 8.656* (10.73) 0.0615*** (0.0126) 0.162*** (0.0243) 0.478*** (0.0598) 0.123*** (0.0192) 0.580*** (0.0679) 0.0728*** (0.0175) 0.574*** (0.0608) 1.429*** (0.177) 0.627*** (0.0893) 0.657*** (0.0842) 0.823 (0.0983) 1.911*** (0.220) 0.789** (0.0879) 0.432*** (0.0481) 1.126 (0.128) 0.614*** (0.0688) 0.383*** (0.0430) 0 0756*** (0.0138) 0 500*** (0.0616) 0 177*** (0.0274) 0 132*** (0.0226) 1.245* (0.150) 0 202*** (0.0295) 0 214*** (0.0248) 0 193*** (0.0245)Observations 8,108 5,002 4,996 8,098 4,602 3,071 2,974 5,082 8,112 7,839 6,957 6,957 6,950 6,872 6,961 6,885 1,087 441 7,894 7,884 7,960 7,906 8,112 5,056 8,112 8,112 4,009 8,112 7,836 8,112 8,105 8,080 8,097 7,865 8,073 6,661 6,629 6,624 6,603 6,582 6,588 7,914 8,106Number of hh_id 4,131 3,006 3,005 4,131 3,058 2,334 2,239 3,201 4,131 4,082 3,911 3,911 3,909 3,900 3,912 3,905 1,023 436 4,102 4,103 4,116 4,113 4,131 3,251 4,131 4,131 4,009 4,131 4,117 4,131 4,130 4,130 4,131 4,119 4,131 3,796 3,795 3,789 3,788 3,782 3,787 4,108 4,130Robust s tandard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26)

Comparison: Endline versus BaselinePoverty

rate at PPP $1.90 per

day se

Self-reported Overall

Well Being Score se

Self-reported Financial

Well Being Score se

Individual level gross margin for

groundnuts (USD/Ha, excluding

land reported in se


soya (USD/Ha, excluding

land reported in

sq. m se

Hectares under soya cultivation (among full

sample, excl land in sq meters) se

Hectares under

groundnut cultivation

(full sample,

excl land in sq meters) se

Yield of soy last season

in KG (among

those who grew soy, sq meter

land units ex se

Yield of groundnuts last season

in KG (among

those who grew it, sq meter land

un se

WEAI: Women's

participation in HH

decisions (% of

decisions) se

Reported waiting time at health

center/hospital at last

visit (minutes) se

Degree of food

insecurity (scale of 0-

18) se

Percentage of 2nd graders who can read Chichewa se

Program effect: PI -0.00523 (0.00545) 0.104** (0.0424) 0.137*** (0.0386) 190.2*** (64.48) -1,153 (1,079) 0.00504 (0.00562) 0.0693 (0.0892) 36.04 (170.6) 27.15 (66.90) -0.0141 (0.0146) -37.03*** (6.106) -0.894*** (0.240) -0.0894*** (0.0218)Program effect:FI -0.00236 (0.00494) 0.245*** (0.0385) 0.312*** (0.0351) 101.4* (59.88) -1,095 (1,076) -0.00275 (0.00472) -0.0424 (0.0853) -20.97 (156.9) 46.25 (67.08) 0.00545 (0.0129) -5.848 (5.511) -0.713*** (0.217) -0.0512** (0.0212)Group effect: PI 0.0253*** (0.00502) -0.198*** (0.0370) -0.215*** (0.0334) -199.0*** (64.63) -74.22 (81.45) 0.0160*** (0.00495) 0.0611 (0.0941) -8.110 (105.1) -265.9*** (57.96) 0.0135 (0.0115) 16.33*** (4.987) 1.740*** (0.205) 0.0500*** (0.0181)Group effect: FI 0.0349*** (0.00460) -0.325*** (0.0331) -0.345*** (0.0305) -89.71 (65.88) -93.35 (69.98) 0.0377*** (0.00415) 0.108 (0.0889) 158.0* (88.19) -178.3*** (56.35) -0.0116 (0.0101) 8.310* (4.247) 2.124*** (0.182) 0.0430*** (0.0155)Time effect: Endline versus baseline 0.00257 (0.00360) -0.524*** (0.0271) -0.513*** (0.0256) -197.0*** (58.11) 1,116 (1,082) -0.00297* (0.00164) -0.108* (0.0639) 106.8 (145.8) -185.9*** (57.40) 0.0786*** (0.00904) 22.86*** (3.907) 1.836*** (0.152) 0.0191 (0.0148)Female-headed household (reported no male HoH 0.00588 (0.00378) -0.309*** (0.0261) -0.220*** (0.0224) -64.03** (26.47) -39.86 (47.07) -0.0121*** (0.00254) -0.104*** (0.0254) -181.3*** (65.33) -117.2*** (30.47) 0.279*** (0.00638) 1.364 (3.407) 1.664*** (0.144) 0.000370 (0.0114)Youth-headed household (age 10-29) -0.0250*** (0.00478) 0.0935*** (0.0307) 0.00505 (0.0277) -29.58 (26.49) -30.92 (47.53) 0.000690 (0.00479) -0.0123 (0.0774) 20.58 (75.38) -52.89 (39.43) -0.0486*** (0.00968) -9.216** (4.024) -0.435** (0.178) 0.000650 (0.0201)Member of HH has disability (physical or mental) 0.0129*** (0.00330) -0.192*** (0.0253) -0.143*** (0.0221) -25.54 (20.23) -109.8** (43.56) -0.00352 (0.00308) -0.0289 (0.0430) -197.4*** (48.08) 7.477 (37.86) 0.00141 (0.00823) 11.51*** (3.613) 0.863*** (0.144) 0.0202 (0.0129)Household head has no education 0.00634* (0.00370) -0.0826*** (0.0306) -0.0570** (0.0268) -15.20 (22.21) 8.028 (37.65) -0.00627* (0.00367) -0.0167 (0.0210) -62.55 (69.18) 44.16 (40.41) -0.0256*** (0.00950) 2.512 (4.307) 0.383** (0.170) 0.0103 (0.0121)Percentage of adult HH members who can read in -0.0666*** (0.00421) 0.331*** (0.0291) 0.323*** (0.0257) 28.31 (33.92) 52.97 (39.25) 0.00776* (0.00432) 0.119*** (0.0443) 47.77 (69.29) -3.517 (39.34) 0.0822*** (0.00946) 4.958 (4.078) -1.538*** (0.169) 0.0764*** (0.0126)Number of kids <=17 years old in household 0.0355*** (0.00108) 0.00766 (0.00687) 0.00760 (0.00615) 14.17 (15.18) -1.614 (12.80) -0.000582 (0.000822) 0.00432 (0.0103) 3.721 (17.47) -1.492 (9.217) 0.0345*** (0.00217) 0.215 (0.887) 0.0669* (0.0371) 0.00335 (0.00352)Has a child under 5 years old -0.0160*** (0.00294) 0.0575*** (0.0219) 0.0144 (0.0199) -21.73 (28.13) 76.18** (32.67) -0.00277 (0.00277) -0.0491 (0.0580) 90.51* (49.37) 48.16* (26.80) 0.00771 (0.00690) 4.399 (2.912) 0.0526 (0.124) -0.00507 (0.0105)Household density: people per room 0.0197*** (0.00117) -0.0616*** (0.00846) -0.0513*** (0.00749) -18.74** (7.882) -17.74** (8.765) 0.00196* (0.00115) -0.0203*** (0.00709) -4.787 (16.37) -7.933 (9.861) -0.00858*** (0.00278) 1.134 (1.104) 0.282*** (0.0477) -0.00275 (0.00305)Member of household fishes regularly 0.0228*** (0.00512) 0.0638* (0.0367) 0.0302 (0.0341) -61.31 (41.92) 25.33 (74.68) 0.000743 (0.00556) -0.105*** (0.0338) 53.32 (115.0) -108.5* (60.89) -0.0279** (0.0126) -7.293 (4.915) -0.183 (0.218) 0.0150 (0.0176)Household grows tobacco -0.00481 (0.00385) 0.0505* (0.0272) 0.0624** (0.0248) 32.02 (27.85) 27.66 (47.14) 0.0326*** (0.00553) 0.0321 (0.0408) -7.150 (47.39) 57.48** (28.35) -0.0168* (0.00922) 4.218 (3.663) -0.543*** (0.158) 0.00143 (0.0131)Total water collection time (hrs) 0.00113 (0.00216) -0.0546*** (0.0142) -0.0294** (0.0119) -18.95 (11.59) -34.58*** (10.81) -0.00160 (0.00333) -0.0536*** (0.0173) -24.01 (46.56) -53.94*** (13.40) 0.00409 (0.00450) 11.55*** (2.142) 0.551*** (0.0834) -0.000702 (0.00612)Time to nearest market (hrs) 0.00924*** (0.00157) -0.0754*** (0.0111) -0.0649*** (0.0100) -21.79* (11.53) -3.892 (17.35) -0.000855 (0.00147) 0.0217 (0.0152) -43.51 (27.81) -17.69 (13.79) -0.00468 (0.00377) 4.320** (1.881) 0.313*** (0.0667) -0.00254 (0.00536)Constant 0.704*** (0.00648) 2.846*** (0.0403) 2.412*** (0.0364) 408.6*** (53.08) 285.3*** (78.44) 0.00413 (0.00466) 0.211** (0.0850) 424.7*** (116.2) 826.7*** (65.43) 0.381*** (0.0130) 90.72*** (5.531) 4.346*** (0.226) -0.0104 (0.0192)Observations 8,084 7,425 7,475 1,532 469 7,978 7,632 722 2,959 8,084 6,737 8,084 2,662Number of hh_id 4,130 4,071 4,077 1,222 365 4,127 4,103 576 2,158 4,130 3,886 4,130 2,133Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26)

Comparison: Endline versus BaselinePoverty


day se

Self-reported Overall Well Being Score se

Self-reported Financial Well Being Score se

Individual level gross margin for groundnuts (USD/Ha, excluding land reported in se

Individual level gross margin for soya (USD/Ha, excluding land reported in sq. m se

Hectares under soya cultivation (among full sample, excl land in sq meters) se

Hectares under groundnut cultivation (full sample, excl land in sq meters) se

Yield of soy last season in KG (among those who grew soy, sq meter land units ex se

Yield of groundnuts last season in KG (among those who grew it, sq meter land un se

WEAI: Women's participation in HH decisions (% of decisions) se

Reported waiting time at health center/hospital at last visit (minutes) se

Degree of food insecurity (scale of 0-18) se

Percentage of 2nd

graders who can

read Chichewa se

Program effect: PI -0.00157 (0.00542) 0.0173 (0.0389) 0.0456 (0.0339) 291.0* (169.7) -1,124 (1,073) -0.120 (0.105) 0.0794*** (0.0138) 97.96 (150.3) -112.1* (64.78) 0.000379 (0.0113) -33.55*** (5.892) -0.905*** (0.238) -0.0556*** (0.0182)Program effect:FI 0.000202 (0.00480) 0.0638* (0.0352) 0.115*** (0.0306) 179.4 (234.3) -1,227 (1,069) -0.0195 (0.0143) -0.145* (0.0758) -174.0 (148.0) 56.34 (57.78) -0.000277 (0.0104) -13.07** (5.586) -0.244 (0.213) -0.0412** (0.0199)Group effect: PI 0.0172*** (0.00519) -0.108*** (0.0341) -0.117*** (0.0292) -351.0* (193.6) -71.38 (80.82) 0.149 (0.116) 0.000960 (0.0315) -53.44 (72.45) -123.6** (55.01) 0.00184 (0.00491) 10.24** (4.637) 1.640*** (0.210) 0.000436 (0.0136)Group effect: FI 0.0283*** (0.00459) -0.142*** (0.0309) -0.144*** (0.0264) -202.0 (237.8) 59.33 (82.21) 0.0570*** (0.0147) 0.180*** (0.0637) 321.7*** (77.38) -190.7*** (45.13) -0.00563 (0.00432) 13.93*** (4.358) 1.569*** (0.185) 0.0201 (0.0135)ml_el 0.0105*** (0.00353) -0.128*** (0.0249) -0.227*** (0.0220) -355.1** (180.6) 1,201 (1,073) 0.00132 (0.00327) 0.0192** (0.00828) 173.8 (137.7) -31.20 (50.34) 0.446*** (0.00716) 13.28*** (3.851) -0.265* (0.153) 0.0326** (0.0142)Female-headed household (reported no male HoH 0.0101*** (0.00377) -0.298*** (0.0245) -0.213*** (0.0205) 149.0 (190.6) -130.7*** (43.76) -0.0195 (0.0168) -0.0331 (0.0275) -264.5*** (50.06) -145.6*** (24.61) 0.170*** (0.00484) 0.193 (3.450) 1.604*** (0.141) -0.00533 (0.00997)Youth-headed household (age 10-29) -0.00295 (0.00544) 0.0321 (0.0322) -0.0184 (0.0277) -70.03 (61.46) 8.269 (48.02) 0.110 (0.105) -0.0850*** (0.0220) 76.42 (86.86) -5.416 (33.11) -0.0229*** (0.00793) -4.104 (4.472) -0.250 (0.193) 0.0151 (0.0197)Member of HH has disability (physical or mental) 0.0136*** (0.00340) -0.120*** (0.0235) -0.0858*** (0.0203) 121.5 (185.8) -77.32 (52.78) -0.0116** (0.00549) -0.0493* (0.0268) -156.1*** (54.78) -6.494 (31.82) -0.00381 (0.00612) 4.791 (3.602) 0.787*** (0.137) 0.0164 (0.0114)Household head has no education 0.00904** (0.00358) -0.0808*** (0.0285) -0.0497** (0.0238) -14.09 (37.69) 20.81 (52.48) 0.0172 (0.0139) -0.0359 (0.0238) 54.20 (81.59) 51.64 (36.41) -0.0104 (0.00718) -2.479 (4.185) 0.309* (0.172) 0.00356 (0.0105)Percentage of adult HH members who can read in -0.0607*** (0.00430) 0.326*** (0.0282) 0.328*** (0.0239) 188.4* (105.9) 35.70 (55.89) 0.0370 (0.0291) 0.0645** (0.0290) 60.41 (67.48) 16.06 (32.77) 0.0573*** (0.00702) 2.262 (4.133) -1.502*** (0.173) 0.0418*** (0.0111)Number of kids <=17 years old in household 0.0347*** (0.00115) 0.00405 (0.00683) 0.00923 (0.00586) -2.475 (21.58) 4.646 (16.57) -0.00610 (0.00409) 0.000831 (0.0104) -6.970 (17.13) 3.203 (9.129) 0.0215*** (0.00160) 0.567 (0.894) 0.0795** (0.0383) -0.00220 (0.00314)Has a child under 5 years old -0.0187*** (0.00312) 0.0367* (0.0212) 0.000932 (0.0184) 14.21 (52.50) 17.86 (34.83) 0.0272 (0.0216) -0.000132 (0.0127) 29.88 (54.20) 16.95 (24.84) 0.00794 (0.00525) 0.276 (2.957) 0.0934 (0.126) -0.0111 (0.00894)Household density: people per room 0.0223*** (0.00120) -0.0659*** (0.00847) -0.0555*** (0.00723) -2.815 (17.33) -17.82 (13.40) -0.0110 (0.0111) 0.0319 (0.0443) 15.65 (19.44) 4.486 (13.29) -0.00618*** (0.00205) 2.802** (1.202) 0.357*** (0.0517) 0.00468 (0.00335)Member of household fishes regularly 0.0146*** (0.00551) 0.0202 (0.0376) 0.00884 (0.0320) -87.95* (47.55) 11.54 (121.9) -0.0207 (0.0174) -0.0676*** (0.0136) -110.1 (148.4) -67.59 (61.19) -0.00600 (0.00920) -17.42*** (5.399) -0.136 (0.236) -0.00404 (0.0163)Household grows tobacco -0.00126 (0.00421) 0.0572* (0.0294) 0.0710*** (0.0253) 167.1* (97.44) 57.55 (56.67) 0.0188 (0.0316) 0.155* (0.0884) -15.50 (51.04) 105.5*** (29.12) -0.0158** (0.00710) 7.588* (3.932) -0.192 (0.171) 0.0174 (0.0128)Total water collection time (hrs) 0.00684*** (0.00179) -0.0745*** (0.0141) -0.0511*** (0.0120) -21.47 (46.69) 8.155 (15.95) 0.00273 (0.00581) -0.0426** (0.0183) 6.541 (44.67) -33.16** (13.98) 0.00250 (0.00290) 14.30*** (2.126) 0.590*** (0.0810) 0.0108 (0.00693)Time to nearest market (hrs) 0.00960*** (0.00158) -0.0831*** (0.0108) -0.0753*** (0.00953) 41.07 (50.11) -26.23 (17.39) -0.0197 (0.0138) 0.0211 (0.0373) -98.91*** (24.00) -52.83*** (12.46) -0.00850*** (0.00274) 3.310* (1.775) 0.457*** (0.0649) -0.00506 (0.00534)Constant 0.687*** (0.00638) 2.489*** (0.0394) 2.138*** (0.0335) 350.7*** (132.7) 220.4** (102.7) 0.0146 (0.0129) -0.00831 (0.0709) 368.9*** (99.99) 648.6*** (56.07) 0.0887*** (0.00836) 102.5*** (5.613) 6.090*** (0.238) 0.0123 (0.0198)Observations 8,112 7,639 7,678 1,441 442 7,983 7,636 692 2,725 8,112 6,969 8,112 2,828Number of hh_id 4,131 4,089 4,094 1,130 344 4,122 4,104 539 2,013 4,131 3,912 4,131 2,132Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26)

Comparison: Midline versus baselinePoverty


day se

Self-reported Overall

Well Being Score se

Self-reported Financial

Well Being Score se


groundnuts (USD/Ha, excluding

land reported in se


soya (USD/Ha, excluding

land reported in

sq. m se

Hectares under soya cultivation (among full

sample, excl land in sq meters) se

Hectares under

groundnut cultivation

(full sample,

excl land in sq meters) se

Yield of soy last season

in KG (among

those who grew soy, sq meter

land units ex se

Yield of groundnuts last season

in KG (among

those who grew it, sq meter land

un se

WEAI: Women's

participation in HH

decisions (% of

decisions) se

Reported waiting time at health

center/hospital at last

visit (minutes) se

Degree of food

insecurity (scale of 0-

18) se

Percentage of 2nd

graders who can

read Chichewa se

Program effect: PI -0.00489 (0.00465) 0.0878** (0.0411) 0.0976*** (0.0365) -125.6 (210.8) 62.84 (121.5) 0.128 (0.106) -0.0135 (0.0892) -13.55 (120.8) 163.3** (74.36) -0.0122 (0.0120) -2.896 (6.221) 0.0198 (0.242) -0.0378* (0.0216)Program effect:FI -0.00285 (0.00424) 0.179*** (0.0365) 0.196*** (0.0325) -56.28 (245.5) 172.8* (98.08) 0.0175 (0.0150) 0.109 (0.110) 205.2** (101.3) 8.580 (71.49) 0.00458 (0.0104) 8.333 (5.466) -0.450** (0.213) -0.0132 (0.0199)Group effect: PI 0.0246*** (0.00501) -0.206*** (0.0369) -0.217*** (0.0332) -215.7*** (75.73) -92.38 (90.03) 0.0199** (0.0101) 0.0350 (0.0976) -31.71 (104.1) -283.0*** (58.27) 0.00779 (0.0115) 14.21*** (4.952) 1.753*** (0.205) 0.0418** (0.0181)Group effect: FI 0.0341*** (0.00459) -0.331*** (0.0330) -0.346*** (0.0303) -133.9* (76.05) -98.72 (69.48) 0.0381*** (0.00674) 0.0872 (0.0926) 107.4 (86.45) -194.5*** (56.49) -0.0165 (0.0101) 6.499 (4.209) 2.145*** (0.181) 0.0382** (0.0155)Time trend (midline versus baseline) -0.00625** (0.00307) -0.406*** (0.0263) -0.294*** (0.0237) 143.0 (194.1) -96.53 (91.31) 0.00250 (0.00355) -0.118* (0.0624) -131.6 (89.24) -167.7*** (61.27) -0.360*** (0.00715) 9.840** (3.860) 2.133*** (0.154) -0.00791 (0.0125)Female-headed household (reported no male HoH 0.00913** (0.00374) -0.310*** (0.0260) -0.211*** (0.0223) 173.8 (257.7) -82.37** (37.28) -0.0207 (0.0180) -0.0765* (0.0391) -209.0*** (50.64) -180.5*** (36.00) 0.206*** (0.00506) 1.943 (3.534) 1.755*** (0.151) -0.00468 (0.0115)Youth-headed household (age 10-29) -0.0230*** (0.00498) 0.0887*** (0.0304) 0.0151 (0.0272) -67.39 (54.99) -25.43 (45.52) 0.0743 (0.0722) -0.0496 (0.0751) -23.00 (60.09) -67.75 (41.70) -0.0447*** (0.00755) -9.067** (3.738) -0.434** (0.180) 0.00285 (0.0174)Member of HH has disability (physical or mental) 0.0105*** (0.00326) -0.168*** (0.0256) -0.111*** (0.0224) 107.3 (237.1) -42.95 (30.74) -0.00906 (0.00563) -0.0641 (0.0557) -110.1** (52.77) -11.58 (44.22) 0.00504 (0.00674) -0.0865 (3.664) 0.756*** (0.155) 0.0248* (0.0130)Household head has no education 0.00596* (0.00357) -0.0974*** (0.0308) -0.0544** (0.0259) -43.36 (42.40) 52.32 (43.02) 0.0198 (0.0143) -0.0498* (0.0294) -80.60 (62.62) 50.27 (51.62) -0.0203*** (0.00738) -3.662 (4.301) 0.658*** (0.180) 0.0235* (0.0131)Percentage of adult HH members who can read in -0.0656*** (0.00437) 0.322*** (0.0301) 0.335*** (0.0261) 212.5* (127.1) 59.67 (44.85) 0.0402 (0.0291) 0.154*** (0.0588) -30.02 (69.18) -25.80 (49.07) 0.0594*** (0.00717) 4.034 (4.072) -1.314*** (0.180) 0.0697*** (0.0123)Number of kids <=17 years old in household 0.0355*** (0.00118) 6.11e-05 (0.00741) 0.00414 (0.00650) 13.80 (27.87) -12.63 (15.06) -0.00713 (0.00443) 0.00487 (0.0160) -10.47 (14.88) -14.22 (8.930) 0.0194*** (0.00167) 1.124 (0.901) 0.0817** (0.0400) 0.00186 (0.00331)Has a child under 5 years old -0.0120*** (0.00305) 0.0560** (0.0229) 0.0134 (0.0201) 3.452 (63.48) -41.69 (26.64) 0.0321 (0.0230) -0.0403 (0.0592) -22.98 (49.09) 36.17 (30.57) 0.00569 (0.00545) 2.214 (2.973) 0.105 (0.132) -0.00424 (0.00936)Household density: people per room 0.0182*** (0.00104) -0.0548*** (0.00850) -0.0467*** (0.00754) -17.63 (17.11) -13.98 (11.18) -0.00774 (0.00957) 0.0145 (0.0383) 8.714 (16.51) 16.77 (13.11) -0.00742*** (0.00223) 2.384** (1.152) 0.302*** (0.0493) 0.000323 (0.00327)Member of household fishes regularly 0.0120** (0.00468) 0.0797** (0.0389) 0.0612* (0.0346) -141.7*** (49.87) 63.13 (57.48) -0.0200 (0.0169) -0.110*** (0.0326) 23.78 (109.0) -159.1** (63.87) -0.0301*** (0.0101) -11.50** (4.996) -0.112 (0.213) 0.0104 (0.0163)Household grows tobacco -0.00385 (0.00387) 0.0809*** (0.0283) 0.0751*** (0.0250) 160.5 (104.6) 65.87 (40.20) 0.0180 (0.0284) 0.104 (0.0898) 80.52* (46.24) 25.86 (33.59) -0.00943 (0.00728) 8.464** (3.754) -0.678*** (0.164) 0.0158 (0.0140)Total water collection time (hrs) 0.00372** (0.00162) -0.0541*** (0.0119) -0.0313*** (0.0100) -23.48 (33.73) -2.935 (16.01) 0.00315 (0.00470) -0.0549*** (0.0190) 28.16 (42.84) -35.25*** (11.55) 0.00264 (0.00305) 13.97*** (1.854) 0.490*** (0.0726) 0.00663 (0.00588)Time to nearest market (hrs) 0.00721*** (0.00143) -0.0658*** (0.0105) -0.0538*** (0.00905) 27.54 (39.62) -6.568 (14.60) -0.0146 (0.0114) 0.0325 (0.0375) -32.45 (21.61) -20.60 (14.11) -0.000744 (0.00281) 3.122* (1.681) 0.370*** (0.0641) 0.00201 (0.00525)Constant 0.706*** (0.00646) 2.848*** (0.0408) 2.383*** (0.0360) 188.5 (128.5) 345.7*** (89.95) 0.00290 (0.0111) 0.107 (0.112) 524.1*** (114.0) 857.5*** (67.84) 0.450*** (0.0109) 90.19*** (5.515) 4.020*** (0.234) -0.0178 (0.0197)Observations 8,178 7,466 7,519 1,369 481 8,023 7,738 776 2,524 8,178 6,702 8,178 2,832Number of hh_id 4,132 4,072 4,076 1,077 383 4,125 4,104 614 1,851 4,132 3,872 4,132 2,164Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

Annex B. Household Survey - Chichewa

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Transcript of Annex B. Household Survey - Chichewa