ANG50612S

FEDERATION EUROPEENNE DES ECOLES EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF SCHOOLS Organisation non gouvernementale dotée du statut participatif auprès du Conseil de l’Europe NGO enjoying participatory status with the Council of Europe

© Fédération Européenne Des Ecoles - European Federation of Schools - Juin 2012 UC B4 Anglais écrit - Sujet

UE B - LANGUE VIVANTE EUROPEENNE

UC B4 - Anglais Ecrit

Aucun dictionnaire autorisé

Les réponses doivent être reportées sur la fiche optique fournie

Type d’épreuve : QCM et Essai

Durée : 1h45

Session : Juin 2012

© Fédération Européenne Des Ecoles - European Federation of Schools - Juin 2012 2/10 UC B4 Anglais écrit - Sujet

UC B4 - ANGLAIS ECRIT

BAREME DE NOTATION

1/ Questionnaire à Choix Multiples* 60 points

2/ Texte à compléter* 90 points

3/ Essai 70 points

TOTAL 220 points

* DETAIL DU BAREME DE NOTATION DU QCM ET DU TEXTE A COMPLETER

Pour chacune des questions une seule réponse est possible

Bonne réponse 3 points

Absence de réponse 0 point

Réponse erronée -1 point


1/ Questionnaire à choix multiples

Texte de compréhension n°1

SINGAPORE “Closing the Water loop The world leader in water conservation is arguably the tiny island nation of Singapore. Smaller than New-York City and packed with some six million residents, this economic power-house located just north of the equator gets plenty of rain but has little room to store it. Its densely populated terrain and sandy soil don’t hold groundwater. As a result, Singapore has had to import up to 40 % of the 380 million gal. (1.4 billion litres) of water it uses each day from neighboring Malaysia, from which it gained political independence in 1965. To achieve its goal of water independence before 2061, when its contract with Malaysia expires, Singapore has moved fast to exploit new technologies, promote conservation and ensure that every drop of water used is also recycled. The Singapore solution has four main “faucets”. First, 17 reservoirs, many of which were created by damming rivers, collect the nation’s 100 in. (254 cm) of annual rainfall. Second, all rain that flows into the city sewers gets recycled as drinking water. Third, the country desalinates water from the surrounding seas to supply another 10 % of its drinking water. Most impressive, however, is Singapore’s $3 billion wastewater-recycling system, which channels all water from toilets and other households uses into a 30-mile (48 kms) underground tunnel, then sends it out to four water-recycling plants that use reverse osmosis and ultra-violet light for purification. This water is not reused for drinking but instead gets piped to the island’s silicon-wafer plants for use in their water intensive manufacturing process. The recycled water is also used to cool commercial air-conditioning systems in the country’s many high-rise buildings. The government also penalizes those who use too much water. Use of dual-flush toilets (which vary the amount of water per flush for liquid or solid waste) and other efficient appliances is strongly encouraged. “They have become the world’s ultimate water conservationists”, notes Cynthia Barnett, author of Blue Revolution, a new book on water scarcity. In 2010, Singaporeans used just 41 gal. (455 litres) of water per person per day - a fraction of that consumed by Americans - all while enjoying one of the highest standards of living on earth. Even the city’s many reservoirs double as water parks, where boating and other aquatic sports can be enjoyed by all .It’s real-world proof that conservation doesn’t have to mean deprivation. Taken from “Time” - October 3, 2011

1. Singapore is: a. a large densely populated island b. a small crowded island c. a huge tropical island d. a small deserted island

2. What water problem is Singapore faced with?

a. it doesn’t rain enough b. it rains too much c. people use too much water d. there’s not enough space to store water

3. Singapore would like to:

a. become politically independent from Malaysia b. become water-independent from England c. become water-independent from Malaysia by 2015 d. reach water independence by 2061.


4. To reach this ambitious goal, Singapore wants to: a. waste as much water as possible b. use new technologies and buy mineral water c. use new technologies to store and recycle water. d. stop people from watering their lawns

5. Singapore has:

a. only a few reservoirs b. leaky reservoirs c. reservoirs that recycle water d. reservoirs that can be used as water parks

6. Singaporeans drink:

a. a lot of mineral water b. water from toilets c. water from rainfall. d. salted water

7. Find another word for a “high-rise building”:

a. a skyscraper b. an old house c. a three- storey building. d. a shopping mall

8. In Singapore, a very long underground tunnel:

a. is going to be built b. delivers water to recycling plants c. collects rainfall d. uses ultra- violet light for purification

9. Singaporeans use:

a. a lot more water than Americans b. about as much water as Americans c. far less water than Americans d. toilet water as drinkable water

10. The article’s conclusion is that:

a. it’s possible to use water carefully but without enjoying a high standard of living b. Singaporeans mustn’t drink water from their faucets c. Singapore will suffer from water shortage d. Singapore is an example to follow throughout the world


Texte de compréhension n°2

Upgrading the disaster Officials rank Fukushima’s hazards on par with Chernobyl’s It’s the latest evidence that the health and environmental effects of the Fukushima nuclear-power-plant accident will be devastating and long-lasting. After a review of data on the amount of radiation leaked by the damaged plant following the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, Japanese nuclear-safety officials raised their assessment of the crisis to Level 7, the highest ranking on an international scale of nuclear-incident severity - which puts the Fukushima disaster on par with the Chernobyl explosion in 1986. The new rating reflects the fact that the officials anticipate widespread effects of radioactive contamination not only in Japan but possibly also in nearby countries. It takes into account the long-term health consequences of exposure to radioactive material, including increased rates of thyroid cancer, as well as the physical damage to the plant buildings and predictions of how long radioactive contaminants will linger in the soil and water near the nuclear facility. The Japanese government continues to expand the original 12-mile (19 km) evacuation zone around Fukushima and has barred surrounding communities from planting rice and vegetable crops out of fear the harvest could be contaminated by radioactive soil. Even so, the country’s nuclear officials were quick to note that the peak release of radiation has long passed. Although the disabled reactors continue to emit radioactive iodine and caesium, the rate has dropped 90 % since the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, and safety officials said they do not expect a new surge of radiation from the plant. Despite the new assessment, the Fukushima accident has released about 10 % as much radioactive material as Chernobyl did, and so far poses fewer health risks. The crisis, however, is ongoing. Workers are still trying to restore nuclear cooling systems even as aftershocks hamper their efforts. If they fail, the concerns- and risks- will only grow. By Alice Park Taken from The Herald Tribune - April 2011

11. The Fukushima nuclear accident was originally caused by: a. an earthquake and a tsunami b. a human error c. an engine failure d. an explosion inside the reactor.

12. This nuclear accident was rated:

a. as a minor one b. as the worst disaster ever c. as a yearly occurence d. as extremely serious

13. On an international scale:

a. this disaster is a lot worse than Chernobyl b. Chernobyl was a lot worse than Fukushima c. this disaster is just as bad as Chernobyl d. Chernobyl and Fukushima have nothing in common

14. The sentence “Japanese nuclear-safety officials raise their assessment of the crisis to Level 7” means that:

a. they now think there’s nothing to worry about b. they now think the security threat was overrated c. they know nothing of international scales d. they now report the crisis is more serious than they first thought


15. The effects of radioactive contamination: a. will be washed away by the rain b. will expand to 12 miles from the plant c. might spread to neighboring countries d. will only affect Japan

16. Because of exposure to radioactive material: a. Japanese workers in Fukushima are likely to live longer b. Japanese workers in Fukushima are more likely to fall ill c. Japanese workers will not be allowed to stay d. Japanese workers will have to wear special masks

17. Around the evacuation zone:

a. the soil is not radioactive b. It’s forbidden to plant rice and other vegetables c. Japanese people are encouraged to grow rice and other crops d. Japanese people can only grow rice

18. Japanese nuclear officials

a. Expect the release of radiation to go up b. have not noticed any kind of radiation c. expect a new surge of radiation d. expect the release of radiation to keep going down

19. The Fukushima nuclear plant has released:

a. about as much radiation as Chernobyl b. far more radiation than Chernobyl c. a lot less radiation than Chernobyl d. slightly less radiation than Chernobyl

20. On the disabled reactors, plant workers:

a. are doing their best to fix the nuclear cooling system b. say that the situation is back to normal c. have managed to mend the nuclear cooling system d. are unlikely to restore the nuclear cooling system


2/ Texte à compléter

« Droughtbusters : The world is getting thirstier. Two ways we can keep from going dry ! » Record droughts have ____(21)_____ the earth’s crust from Somalia to Texas this year. The effects on the world’s drinking water ____(22)_____have been enormous. The level of China’s Yangtze River, the third ____(23)_____in the world, sank so ____(24)_____this spring that about 400 000 people along its shore were stuck without a water source until the government opened the gates of its massive Three Gorges ____(25)_____ to help counteract the crisis. In East Africa, some 10 million people have been punished by the region’s worst drought in 60 years. And in Texas, where wildfires scorched 4 million acres this summer, the financial ____(26)_____from starving cattle and bligthed crops have ____(27)_____$5 billion. ) Things will ____(28)_____get worse. According ____(29)_____a new report from Mc Kinsey, by 2030, global water supplies will meet just 60% of the demand. Meanwhile, we’ll spend an estimated $50 billion per year trying to bridge that ____(30)_____. But while water ____(31)_____is real, it’s not happening because we have any less than we ____(32)_____a century ago. « We have the same ____(33)_____of water » says James Famiglietti, a professor of earth-system science and civil engineering at the University of California. « But we have 250% more people to drink ____(34)_____. What’s more, climate change means that water is moving ____(35)_____to different places, even as populations are growing. The result is not only a ____(36)_____of water but also a mismatch between where water is and where it’s needed. In the past, we beat water shortages by drilling for underground water, building dams and erecting massive pipelines. While no single solution makes ____(37)_____everywhere because of differences in climate, geography and local ____(38)_____,novel ideas abound. In the Punjab region of India, 6,500 rice and wheat farmers are testing out a $7 ____(39)_____called a tensiometer that prevents overwatering crops. In 2010 , farmers using the tensiometer cut their water use ____(40)_____22% . Since agriculture accounts ____(41)_____ 70% of global water consumption, a large scale rollout of such devices could create massive ____(42)_____. In Namibia, the driest country south of the Sahara, recycled water is used for the drinking supply in the country’s capital city of Windhoek: located some 5,000 feet above sea ____(43)_____,it is too high for desalination to be ____(44)_____and too far from big rivers to the north and south to build expensive pipelines. So, this fast growing city first turned to wastewater processing in 1968 when local reservoirs began running dry. Forced through a series of sand and carbon filters as well as ultrafine membranes , before ____(45)_____chlorinated and tested for impurities , the treated water is then blended with freshwater in a 35% to 65% ratio. So, the idea of drinking water that was once in your toilet ____(46)_____may seem like a bad ____(47)_____, but it’s not anymore ! In 2008, Orange County, California, also began treating sewage water that it then pours ____(48)_____ underground aquifers. The economics are persuading many to put ____(49)_____their ____(50)_____ and the best strategy often involves combining several tactics ! By Anita Hamilton adapted from « Time » October 3, 2011


21. a. matched b. parched c. patched d. latched 22. a. supply b. demand c. supplied d. supplice 23. a. largest b. larger c. high d. highest 24. a. lower b. slow c. bow d. low 25. a. slam b. ram c. dam d. scam 26. a. losses b. lost c. boss d. loss 27. a. reach b. reachen c. reached d. preached 28. a. luckily b. likely c. nicely d. smartly 29. a. for b. to c. on d. from

30. a. gap b. lap c. slap d. grasp 31. a. rarely b. scarity c. scarecity d. scarcity 32. a. haved b. have c. do d. did 33. a. account b. amount c. number d. total 34. a. it b. that c. them d. their 35. a. in b. around c. into d. for 36. a. leaking b. shortage c. longage d. shrinking 37. a. meaning b. sense c. up for d. do 38. a. policy b. politics c. politicians d. political

39. a. apparel b. thing c. device d. detail 40. a. by b. of c. in d. with 41. a. at b. for c. around d. in 42. a. save b. savings c. economy d. economics 43. a. level b. side c. shells d. high 44. a. thinkable b. feasing c. feasible d. faissible 45. a. buying b. beeing c. be d. being 46. a. seat b. flush c. chair d. bowl 47. a. thinking b. health c. joke d. jokery

48. a. in b. into c. off d. by 49. a. aside b. away c. in d. into 50. a. mistakes b. wrongs c. prejudices d. prejudicial


3/ Essai What are the effects of climate change on the world’s ecology? How do you think public awareness of the threats and challenges of climate change could be raised? Answer in 400 words and mark the number of words used at the end of your essay. You may use information from any of the exam texts as well as news sources and your own ideas.

ANG50612S

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