Ana cardiovascular systemlec
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10-Feb-2017Category
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Transcript of Ana cardiovascular systemlec
THE HEARTPresented by: Fe M. Compas, RN, MAN
HEARTA 4 chambered, hollow, muscular organLies between the lungs and within the middle mediastinumAbout the size of the fist
HEARTShaped like an inverted cone
- base - upward, backward and to the right
- apex- downward, forward and to the left- pulsation felt 2-3 fingerbreadths below the nipple
COVERING OF THE HEARTPERICARDIUM
fibro-serous covering
Parietal Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium
- EPICARDIUM- outermost wall of the heart
COVERING OF THE HEART
WALLS OF THE HEARTEPICARDIUM or VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
- outermost layer
MYOCARDIUM
- middle muscular layer- contracts rhythmically and spontaneously through the conduction system of the heart
ENDOCARDIUM
- innermost layer
MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS ATTACHED TO THE HEARTSUPERIOR VENA CAVA
- drains blood from the upper part of the body to the right side of the heartINFERIOR VENA CAVA
- drains blood from the lower part of the body to the right side of the heartPULMONARY TRUNK
- brings unoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenationPULMONARY VEINS
- brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heartAORTA
- brings oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the whole body
CHAMBERS OF THE HEART :ATRIARIGHT ATRIUM (RA)
- larger that the left- thinner wall- portal of entry to 3 veins- superior vena cava- inferior vena cava- coronary sinusLEFT ATRIUM (LA)
- thicker wall- portal of entry to 4 pulmonary veinsINTERATRIAL SEPTUM
- septum (wall) that separates the right and left atrium
FOSSA OVALIS
- located in the septum- represents the foramen ovale - opening between the 2 atria during fetal life
MM EspinoCHAMBERS OF THE HEART :VENTRICLESRIGHT VENTRICLE (RV)
- wall thinner than left ventricle - receives blood from the right atrium- pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk
LEFT VENTRICLE (LV)
- very thick walled- receives blood from the left atrium- pumps blood to the whole body through the aorta
INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
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VALVES OF THE HEARTPURPOSE :
- prevent backflow or reflux of blood between chambers
ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) VALVESSEMILUNAR VALVES (SL) VALVES
VALVES OF THE HEARTAtrioventricular (AV) ValvesTRICUSPID VALVE
- guards opening or orifice between RV and RABICUSPID or MITRAL VALVE
- guards orifice between LV and LASemilunar (SL) ValvesPULMONARY or PULMONIC VALVE
- guards opening between RV and Pulmonary Trunk
AORTIC VALVE
- guards opening between LV and Aorta
FUNCTION OF THE HEARTPump blood
Right ventricle
- pumps blood to the pulmonary circulatory systemLeft ventricle
- pumps blood to the whole body
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CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEARTSINO-ATRIAL (SA) NODEATRIO-VENTRICULAR (AV) NODEBUNDLE OF HIS or AV BUNDLEPURKINJE FIBERS
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEARTSINO-ATRIAL (SA) NODEPosterior wall of the RA at the junction of the SVC and the RACardiac PACEMAKER
- initiates the heartbeat
ATRIO-VENTRICULAR (AV) NODERight side of the inter-atrial septum
BUNDLE OF HIS or AV BUNDLEGoes down the right side of the interventricular septumDivides into right and left branches
PURKINJE FIBERSConducting fibers of the right and left Bundle branchesExtend over the undersurface of the endocardium
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEARTElectrical activity accompanies the spread of excitation over the heart
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG or EKG)
- instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart using electrodes placed on the anterior chest wall
MM EspinoECGP wave
- atrial depolarization
QRS complex
- ventricular depolarization
P-R interval
- atrioventricular interval
T wave
- ventricular repolarization
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CARDIAC CYCLEAtrial depolarization
- initiates atrial contraction which forces blood into the ventricles
Atrial relaxation
- AV valves begin to close
Ventricular depolarization
- initiates ventricular contraction- closure of the AV valves - first heart sound (S1 or lubb)Increase in ventricular pressureSL valves opens
Ejection period
Ventricular relaxation
- pressure within ventricle falls- closure of the SL valves- second heart sound (S2 or dubb)
Atrial depolarization
HEART RATEObtained by placing the stethoscope between the 5th and 6th ICS MCL
- area just below the left nipple
1 heart beat=lubb and dubb
60 100 bpm
Factors Affecting Heart RateSize of the body
- the smaller the body, the higher the rate- mouse=1,000/min- elephant =30/min- man=60 80/minAge
- fetal life=120 160- newborn=120 140- young children =100 120- adults=60 - 80Body position
- 5 10 beats/min more when standing erect
Factors Affecting Heart RateIncreased heart rate with
- acute bleeding- muscular activity- emotional excitement- eating and right after a meal- warm baths or hot drinks- during ovulation
MM EspinoREGULATION OF HEART RATENervous regulation
- parasympathetic vs sympathetic stimulation- aortic reflex - stimulated when BP is high- carotid sinus reflex- stimulated when BP is highChemical regulation
- aortic and carotid sinus reflex- O2 or CO2 increases heart rate, vis-a-visMechanical regulation
- Starlings Law of the Heart- flow of blood into heart distends myocardium HR
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MM EspinoBLOOD PRESSURESYSTOLIC PRESSURE
- the pressure that develops in the large arteries during each left ventricular contractions- 120 mmHg
DIASTOLIC PRESSURE
- the pressure in the arterial system between heart beats- 80 mmHg
Normal Blood Pressure = 120/80 mmHg
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BLOOD PRESSUREBLOOD PRESSURE Equivalent to cardiac output and total peripheral resistance
CARDIAC OUTPUTVolume of blood pumped out of the ventricles in 1 minute
Stroke Volume XHeart Rate60 70 mlX60 80
BLOOD PRESSUREFactors contributing to Cardiac Output
Venous returnForce of cardiac contractionHeart rate
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE HEARTThe heart also needs blood supply for its nourishment
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
- RA (SA node)- RV- inferior surface of the interventricular septum- inferior surfaces of the LVLEFT CORONARY ARTERY
- Left anterior descending artery & Left circumflex artery - superior 2/3 of the interventricular septum- superior and lateral surfaces of the LV
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