Abris Ooooooo

8/16/2019 Abris Ooooooo

1/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTERENGINEERING

Duration from Octo!r to marc" #0$% G&C

STREAM ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONGrou' m!m!r() i* num!r

$& Ar!+"!+n G!r! ,iot-0$%.-0/

#& Ar!"am Ga)"a ,iot-0$./-0/

1& A*u*+na 2!f3a*u ,iot-00./-0/

/& A!a4!"u T!5a"un ,iot-0000-0/


2/31

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This report would have been impossible without the valuable contributions and limitless helpof several individuals. First and for most we would like to thank the university and special the

department of electrical and computer engineering for creating this priceless opportunity. Wewould like to thank all the authors of the journals, books and articles that are secondary sourcesfrom where we have collected necessary information regarding this internship report. We have

been benefited by many people in the completion of this report. They have generously supplied

insightful comments, helpful suggestions, and contributions all of which has progressively

enhanced the quality of this report .we would like to thank our supervisor Yonas Tesfu for givingus the opportunity to perform our internship program under his supervision and we epress our

deep and sincere thanks to Tadesse !ana who is chief techncian in radio automation and auto

transmission system he showed us how the system works by sacrificing his personal valuabletime and guided us throughout the internship .finally We gained a wealth of real engineering.


3/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

C6APTER ONE

$& INTRODUCTION

$&$ T6E 2AC,GROUND OF SOUT6 RADIO AND TVAGENCY

Sout" Ra*io an* T!5!7i)ion a+!nc4 i) !)ta5i)"!* a)!* on 'roc5amationnum!r$$1-$88. 'r!7iou)54 a) r!+iona5 ma)) m!*ia or+ani9ation in #00: G&C in)out" r!+ion at6aa))a ton& Nationa5iti!) For initia5 tim! it )tart it" )!7!n ranc"!)& Noit a**!* tomor! ranc"!) an* tota554 t"! ranc" r!ac"!* nin! Suc" a) Aram!nc";


4/31

At t"! ?r)t tim! t"! a+!nc4 u)!* to "a7! ot" !5!ctronic) an* 'rintm!*ia )!r7ic!)&2ut no on54 !5!ctronic) m!*ia =m!anin+ T!5!7i)ion; Ra*io an* !)it!> ar!on action& T"!a+!nc4 ant) to "a7! t"! "o5! !5!ctronic) an* 'rint) m!*ia )!r7ic!) for t"!

futur!&In t"i) r!'ort ! tri!* to inc5u*! mor! or 5!)) t"! "o5! )4)t!m of t"! Sout"Ra*io an* TVa+!nc4 a) !55 a) our *uti!) an* r!)'on)ii5iti!) t"at ! "a7! *on! *urin+our int!rn)"i' '!rio*

$ MISSION OF T6E AGENCY

Sout" Ra*io an* TV a+!nc4 i) !)ta5i)"!* a)!* on 7ariou) mi))ion )om!of t"!m ar! 5i)t!* !5oB

•

To a*7!rti)! t"!ir cu5tur! an* natura5 r!)ourc! t"rou+"out t"! or5* t"i) i55 ca55 t"! in7!)tor) to our countr4&• To moi5i9! t"! '!o'5! to )tru++5! a+ain)t 'o7!rt4&

• It 'romot!) cu5tur!; 5an+ua+!; "i)tor4 an* tra*ition of t"! Sout" '!o'5!&

• To incr!a)! 'artici'ation of communit4 an* "o t"!4 +rot" t"!ir'ro*uct)&• To aar! t"! communit4 "o to u)! t"!ir r!)ourc! !ci!nt54&

• To incr!a)! u)in+ an* 'r!)!ntin+ t!c"no5o+4 mat!ria5)&

• To incr!a)! mana+!m!nt )4)t!m an* c"ain of "uman r!)ourc!mana+!m!nt&•

To *!7!5o' or3 cu5tur! of t"! communit4&• To inform '!o'5! aout n! !7!nt of t"!ir !n7ironm!nt&

• It !ncoura+!) t"! +rot" of *!mocratic 7a5u!) in 'o5itica5; !conomica5 an* Socia5 acti7iti!) of t"! '!o'5! !tc

$&1 VISION OF T6E AGENCYB

T"! Sout" Ra*io an* TV a+!nc4 i55 ! t"! com'!titi7! m!*ia in t"!countr4 a) countr4 a) !55 a) in t"! Ea)t Africa 4 'ro7i*in+ @ua5it4; tim!54an* a5anc!* information; n!); !*ucationa5 an* !nt!rtainm!nt'ro+ram); 4 u)in+ mo*!rn m!*ia t!c"no5o+4 an* !ci!nt int!rna5 )tructur!

of mana+!m!nt )4)t!m an* it i55 ! 'romot!* t"! )ocioB!conomic*!7!5o'm!nt of t"! r!+ion&

$&/ COREBVALUESB

R!5iai5it4R!)'on)ii5it4 Tran)'ar!nc4


5/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

T!am or3 or coBo'!rationActi7! 'artici'ationR!a*in!)) for c"an+!W!55 information c!nt!r

In +!n!ra5; r!+ar*in+ Sout" Ra*io an* TV a+!nc4 mi))ion an* 7i)ion i)t"at fromt"! tim! of !)ta5i)"!* to no t"! Sout" Ra*io an* TV a+!nc4 n!!*) anum!r of6uman r!)ourc!) or man 'o!r an* tran)mit information; N!) an* ot"!r*i!r!ntPro+ram) t"rou+"out Sout" R!+iona5 )tat!; ot"!r 'art) of Et"io'ia an*t"rou+"out t"!Wor5* 4 u)in+ t"r!! 5an+ua+!)&

$& T6E PRODUCTS-SERVISES OF AGENCYB

T"! Sout" Ra*io an* TV a+!nc4 ar! aim!* to "a7! a num!r of)!r7ic!)& Amon+ T"!)!

• T"!r! ar! )tron+ an* !55 or+ani9!* a*7!rti)in+ )!r7ic!) of *i!r!nt'ro*uct)&• An !*itin+ )!r7ic! of N!); Ent!rtainm!nt; E*ucationa5 t"in+ an* ot"!rPro+ram)&• T"!r! i) a5)o r!cor*in+ )!r7ic!) of N!); mu)ic an* i))u!) 5i3! 'o5itica5;)ocia5an* cu5tura5 i))u!) can ! r!cor*!* in t"! a+!nc4&• T"! Tran)'ort )!r7ic! i) +i7!n to t"! a+!nc4 or3!r)& Encoura+in+ an*initiatin+ t"! 'u5ic to ! 'ro*ucti7!; 4 )"oin+ t"! !'!ri!nc!) of*!7!5o'!*nation&• It a5)o +i7!) )!r7ic!) 4 'ro7i*in+ *i!r!nt information an* a5anc!* N!)fort"! countr4 an* ot"!r 'art) of t"! or5* it" in tim!54 an* @ua5it4&• In a**ition to t"!)!; 5irar4 an* caf!t!ria )!r7ic!) ar! +i7!n for a+!nc4

or3!r)&

T"! a+!nc4 i) a5)o E'an* to it) )!r7ic!) in t"! n!ar futur! it" r!)'!ct toit) @ua5it4 an* '!rformanc! a) !55 &

$&% SERVICES T6AT DELIVERED FROM T6E AGENCY AREB


6/31

• N!) an* curr!nt aair)

• Ent!rtainm!nt an* !*ucation 'ro+ram

• Promotion )!r7ic!)

• Air tim! )!55in+

• R!ntin+ )tu*io an* tran)mi))ion !@ui'm!nt

• Li7! 'ro*uction )!r7ic!

• Docum!ntar4 'ro*uction )!r7ic!

• S!55in+ arc"i7! !tc&

T"! a+!nc4 i) +i7in+ )!r7ic! it" *i!r!nt 5an+ua+!)Si*amicEn+5i)"Am"aric

$&: T6E MANAGEMENT OF T6E AGENCYB

Sout" Ra*io an* TV a+!nc4 "a7! ?7! )ta)& T"!)! ar!$& Dir!ctor G!n!ra5#& D!'ut4 Dir!ctor +!n!ra5 of n!) an* curr!nt aair)1& D!'ut4 Dir!ctor +!n!ra5 of !*ucationa5 'ro+ram/& D!'ut4 Dir!ctor +!n!ra5 of !nt!rtainm!nt

& D!'ut4 Dir!ctor +!n!ra5 of m!*ia t!c"no5o+4B

$&. TRAINING AND EMPLOYEE INFORMATION OF T6EAGENCY

W"!n ! )!! t"! "uman r!)ourc! of t"! Sout" ra*io an* t!5!7i)iona+!nc4; it "a*aroun* /00 '!rman!nt or3!r)&A+! *i)triution %.&8 H of t"! or3!r) it"in t"! a+!nc4 i) !t!!n t"!a+!)of #0 an* 10;$.&H of t"! or3!r) ar! !t!!n t"! a+! of 1$ to /0 an*t"! r!mainin+ '!rc!nta+! ar! ao7! /0; "ic" )"o) t"!r! ar! 7!r4 4oun+'!o'5! in t"! a+!nc4&

T"! f!ma5! to t"! ma5! ratio of t"! a+!nc4 !m'5o4!! i) #1 to ::H "ic")"o)

t"at t"! a+!nc4 "a) 5!)) num!r of f!ma5! or3!r) r!5ati7! to ma5! in t"!a+!nc4&

C6APTER TWO

#& OUR OVERALL INTERNS6IP EPERIENCE


7/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

#&$ 6OW WE FIND T6E COMPANYB

W! ar! int!r!)t!* to or3 in t"i) com'an4 & W! "!ar* from fri!n*) our*!'artm!nt+!t t"! '5ac! in *i!r!nt com'an4 "!r! a) in A**i) Aaa an* ot"!r*i)tanc! ar!a&Unfortunat!54 ! *i*nJt +o to t"!r! !cau)! of )om! of t"! +rou' !a3!conomica5ca'acit4 an* ot"!r) ar! 'ro5!m of a** )om! cour)!& Fina554 ! foun* t"!'5ac! in )out" ma)) m!*ia& In our ?r)t tim! ! m!t t"! "!a* of )out" ma))m!*ia "! to5*to u) t"! com'an4 "a) no '5ac! for a**itiona5 int!rn)"i' a''5ication in t"!)!con* *a4our *!'artm!nt "!a* ma3! *!a5 it" )out" ma)) m!*ia an* ! +!t t"!o''ortunit4 toor3 in )out" ma)) m!*ia & On t"! n!t *a4 !nt to t"!r! an* "! +a7! u)acc!'tanc! 'a'!r&

# T6E SECTION OF T6E COMPANY WE 6AD 2EENWOR,ED INB

&! ta3!) 'art in m!*ia t!c"no5o+4 an* )tu*io&

Stu*io "a) a5)o t"! fo55oin+ r!)'on)ii5it4

K E*it t"! 'ro+ram "ic" r!a* 4 t"! ourna5i)mK R!5!a)! t"! mu)ic on airKR!5!a)! t"! 'ro+ram from "ic" )a7!* on ta3!) 'art in m!*ia t!c"no5o+4an* )tu*io&

M!*ia t!c"no5o+4 "a) t"! fo55oin+ r!)'on)ii5it4&• To c"!c3 t"! mat!ria5 or3in+ or not

• R!'air t"! *ama+! mat!ria5 *!t!rmin! t"! annua554 an* )!m!)t!r 'ro!ct

• S"ou5* "a7! 3no5!*+! of !n+in!!rin+ )3i55

• )"ou5* !m'5o4 !nou+" )3i55!* or3in+ man

#&1 T6E WOR, PAT6 LOO,S LI,EB

T"! or3 !!cuti7! o in t"! com'an4 i) )"on from "i+"!r to 5o!r5!7!5;*ia+rammatic !5o&

M!*ia ca)!


8/31

M!*ia t!c"no5o+4

T!c"nician

En+in!!r t!c"nician

#& Pro+ram Contro5 room

Stu*io


9/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

1& Po!r contro5 room/& u' 5in3 room& TV Tran)mitt!r

For 'ro+ram to ! 'roc!))!* it )"ou5* "a7! )ourc!& T"o)! )ourc!) ar!

$& Cam!ra#& VTR =7i*!o ta'! r!cor*!r>1& N!o an*/& CG =c"aract!r +!n!rator>

#&%&$ ENO B

ENON i) "i+"54 co)tB!!cti7! *i+ita5 roa*ca)t mi!r; it" a55 of t"!!5!ctronic) contain!* it"in t"! )am! 'ac3a+!& i&!& no )!'arat! fram! or'roc!))in+ !n+in!)& ENON u)!) fu554 *i+ita5 )i+na5 'roc!))in+ acc!'t) a7ari!t4 of in'ut) in ot" ana5o+ an* *i+ita5 format); it" ot" ana5o+ an*

*i+ita5 out 'ut)& T"! a)ic unit "a) %Bfa*!r an* a))ociat!* contro5; '5u) t"!ma)t!r-monitor )!ction an a**ition % fa*!r mo*u5! ma4 ! a**!*; !it"!r inan inB 5in! or )'5it con?+ur!&

Fi+ ENON

#&% TV STUDIO ROOM =STUDIO FLOOR>

T"! 5i+"tin+ )4)t!m in )tu*io i) )o *i!r!nt from ot"!r contro5& T"!r! ar!aout %0B$0005i+"t) in t"! )tu*io& T"!r! ar! four =/> t4'!) of 5i+"tin+ )4)t!m in )tu*io&Suc" a)B

,!4 5i+"t 2ac3+roun* 5i+"t

Fi55 5i+"t

2ac3 5i+"t,!4 5i+"tB i) t"! 5i+"t t"at i) i+"tin+ in front of t"! anc"or at / *!+r!!&

Fi55 5i+"tBi) t"! 5i+"t t"at u)!* to i+nor! t"! )"a*o of t"! 3!4 5i+"t at /*!+r!!&

2ac3 +roun* 5i+"tBi) t"! 5i+"t t"at i) 5i+"tin+ at t"! ac3 of t"! anc"or&


10/31

2ac3 5i+"tBi) a5)o t"! 5i+"t t"at i) 5i+"t !t!!n anc"or t"! ac3 +roun*5i+"t)&Eac" of t"!m u)!) .00 att&

T"!r! ar! !5!ctronic) !@ui'm!nt an* anc"or = ta5!& T"!!5!ctronic) !@ui'm!nt) "ic" ar! foun* in TV )tu*io room ar!B Fi7! cam!ra)

Fi7! micro'"on!)

T!nt4 four u' to t!nt4 !i+"t 5am')

Com'ut!r an*

T!5!'rom't!r "ic" i) conn!ct!* it" com'ut!r !tc&

#&%&1 PROGRAM CONTROL ROOM =PCR>

T"! contro5 room 4 it)!5f "a) to main room)$& Vi)ion contro5 room #& Au*io contro5 room

In Au*io contro5 room t"!r! ar! *i!r!nt !5!ctronic *!7ic!) T"! au*iomi!r i) an !5!ctronic *!7ic! "ic" i) u)!* to a*u)t )oun*& It i) conn!ct!*

it" t"! 7i)ion contro5 room& It a5)o "a) a ir!5!)) r!c!i7!r micro'"on! "ic"

com!) from t"! anc"or&

T"!r! i) a5)o an E5!ctronic *!7ic! ca55!* T!5!com =t!5! 'rint!r>; "ic" i)

u)!* to conn!ctAu*io mi!r an* '"on!&Virtua5 )tu*io i) foun* in t"! Au*io contro5 room an* it i) u)!* to c"an+!actua5 )tu*io intomor! attracti7! )tu*io&R!cor*!r B u)!* to r!cor* t"! 'ro+ram t"at i) tran)mitt!* *urin+ t"! *a4 tor!B tran)mitit in t"! mi**5! of t"! ni+"t&

In Vi)ion contro5 room t"!r! ar! *i!r!nt !5!ctronic) *!7ic!)& T"!)! ar!

To ratt!r ma''!r i) u)!* to ma' or to )!5!ct a 'ro+ramVTM =Vi*!o T!rmina5 Monitorin+> i) u)!* to )"o t"! fo55oin+ t"in+)B $& Au*io )i+na5 #& S'!ctrum 1 &7i*!o )i+na5 /& Wa7! formA55 t"!)! r!a*in+) ar! u)!* for @ua5it4 contro5&


11/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

F!!*!r i) an !5!ctronic *!7ic! u)!* for 7ar4in+ t"! 5i+"t) of t"! main )tu*io=)tu*io oor>"ic" i) conn!ct!* it" t!nt4 four 5i+"t) it" in t"! )tu*io T"! a''5icationof t"! F!!*!ri) *on! 4 7ar4in+ t"! r!)i)tanc! of t"! f!!*!r& W! can a5)o 7ar4 t"!

ri+"tn!)) an* t"!*ir!ction of t"! 5i+"t in t"! )tu*io&

Vi)ion mi!r B i) u)!* to mi *i!r!nt 7i*!o) com! from *i!r!nt )ourc!)5i3! VTR =7i*!ota'! r!cor*!r>; icon )tation =IG> an* N!io& It i) an !5!ctronic *!7ic! u)!* for t"! C"roma !!ct) an* "a) t!57!in'ut)& T"! C"roma!!ct i) )oftar! u)!* to cut out of on! co5or an* in)!rt ot"!r co5or to t"!7i*!o 'ictur! int!rm) of t"at 'aint or t"at co5or& Mo)t of t"! tim! 5u! an* +r!!n co5or) ar!

u)!* forC"roma )4)t!m int!rnationa554 !cau)! t"!r! i) no 5u! or +r!!n co5or in ouro*4natura554&

Icon )tation i) u)!* to )!n* )om! icon) an* 5o+o& T"! u)! of t"! icon )tationin t"! Sout"Ra*io an* TV a+!nc4 i) t"at to in)!rt 5o+o; n!) icon an* )"o) to' n!) int"!5o!r 'ortion of TV )cr!!n&

N!io i) 7i*!o )!r7!r& T"! )oftar! u)!* for t"i) a''5ication i) ca55!* MAMI& Iti) u)!* for)!ttin+ t"! r!cor*in+ Pro+ram) in or*!r of t"!ir tran)mi))ion an* )oun*

r!cor*in+ for futur! u)!)&

VTR =Vi*!o Ta'! R!cor*!r> u)!* for r!cor*in+ an* !*itin+ t"! 7i*!o *urin+tran)mi))ion'!rio*& It i) a5)o u)!* to con7!rt ana5o+u! )i+na5 to *i+ita5 )i+na5 !for!tran)mi))ion ta3!)'5ac!& So t"! VTR i) u)!* to con7!rt t"! ana5o+u! comin+ from t"! *!co*!rto *i+ita5 )i+na5

an* ac3 a+ain to ana5o+u! "!n tran)mitt!*&

Rac3 t"!r! ar! *i!r!nt com'on!nt) on t"! rac3 &T"!4 ar!SPG =)in3 'u5)! +!n!rator> "ic" "a) t"r!! function)& $& R!5!a)! co5or ar #& R!5!a)! ton! an* 1& Gi7!) r!f!r!nc! )i+na5


12/31

T"!r! ar! a5)o ot"!r com'on!nt) on t"! rac3 )uc" a) Patc" 'an!5; c"aract!r+!n!rator =c+>;N!io =7i*!o )!r7!r>; 7i*!o mi!r; t"r!! cam!ra contro5 unit =CCU> an* 7i)ionmi!r

#&%&/ POWER CONTROL ROOMB

T"i) room "a) to 'art)$& AVR =Automatic Vo5ta+! R!+u5ator> i) u)!* to r!+u5at! t"! 7a5u! of7o5ta+! com!) fromt"! EEPCO it r!+u5at!); 4 ta3in+ t"! a7!ra+! 7a5u! of t"! 'o!r "ic"com!) from t"!)ourc!&

#& UPS =Unint!rru't!* Po!r Su''54> i) a 'o!r )u''54 unit "ic" )u''5i!)'o!r for t"!

"o5! )4)t!m "!n t"!r! i) 'o!r uctuation& It !na5!) t"! tran)mi))ion to'roc!!*it"out int!rru'tion unti5 t"! +!n!rator i) turn!* ON& In t"i) room t"!r! ar!)itc"!)=r!a3!r> an* D!"4*rator& UPS 'ro7i*!) 'o!r "!n t"!r! i) a 'o!r 5o)) for)"ort tim!unti5 t"! ATS =Automatic tran)f!r )itc"> c"an+!) o7!r from EEPCO to+!n!rator an* t"!r!7!r)!& It con)i)t) of #/ 2att!ri!) to )tor! DC 'o!r& T"o)! 2att!ri!)con)i)t) of 6#SO/ an*5!a*&

T"!r! i) a5)o In7!rtor) "ic" in7!rt) t"! comin+ DC from UPS to AC an*a''5i!) to Tran)mitt!r& A D!"4*rator i) a5)o foun* in t"i) room &It i) u)!* to 'r!7!nt t"!moi)tur! int"! coaia5 ca5!&Unint!rru't!* 'o!r )u''54=u')> con)i)t) t"r!! 'art)BI& Con7!rt!r i) u)!* to con7!rt AC to DC&ii& 2att!r4 i) u)!* to Stor! c"ar+!)-DC Po!r for u)in+; "!n 'o!r o&iii& In7!rt!r i) u)!* to in7!rt DC to AC&

#&%& TELEVISION UP LIN, ROOMB

U'5in3 room i) on! of t"! T!5!7i)ion )tu*io room) in "ic" t"!mo*u5ation; !nco*in+an* ot"!r 'roc!)) ta3!) '5ac!& T"at m!an) in "ic" t"! )i+na5 i) )!nt fromt"! !art" to)at!55it! =tran)'on*!r>& In t"i) room t"!r! i) a5)o Si+na5 G!n!rator "ic" i)u)!* to c"!c3


13/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

u'5in3 'ro+ram)& T"! main Di)triution of com'on!nt) on t"! rac3 of u'5in3 room to' to*onRF 'atc" 'an!5; Mo*u5ator $; Enco*!r $; RFS; Enco*!r #; Mo*u5ator #; Vi*!o -Au*io an*

IRD ar! t"! main *i)triution)&

Enco*!r) B u)!* for c"an+in+ *i+ita5 to 'u5)!Scram5in+ for )!curit4 'ur'o)! i&!& an4 on! *o!) not acc!)) t"!tran)mi))ion&

Mo*u5ator B4 r!c!i7in+ 'u5)! from !nco*!r an* c"an+! to RF )i+na5 i)u)!* to a*u)t SR=S4mo5 Rat!>; FEC =forar* !rror corr!ction>; an* 'o5ari9ation&LBan* fr!@u!nc4Bt"! LBan* fr!@u!nc4 i) $0M6 an* :0M6& T"! u'5in3 fr!@u!nc4 i) ca5cu5at!* 4 u)in+ 6i+" 'o!r am'5i?!r =6PA>

fr!@u!nc4 an*Mo*u5ator out'ut from Ara )at!55it!6PA fr!@u!nc4 i)Q/800M69 an* t"at of t"! mo*u5ator out'ut fr!@u!nc4i)Q$01#M69t"!n t"! u'5in3 fr!@u!nc4 i) ca5cu5at!* a) fo55o)&U'5in3 fr!@u!nc4 Q6PA Mo*u5ator out'ut fr!@u!nc4& T"!r!for!; u'5in3fr!@u!nc4 i)&Q /800M69 $0$M69Q8$M69& Don 5in3 fr!@u!nc4 i) a5)o ca5cu5at!* a)fo55o)Don5in3 fr!@u!nc4QU'5in3 fr!@u!nc4 5oca5 o)ci55ator fr!@u!nc4 of t"!)at!55it! ="ic""a) a fr!@u!nc4 of ###M69>; t"!n t"! *on5in3fr!@u!nc4Q8$M69###M69; t"!n it!com!) 1:#%M69&

#&%&% TELEVISION TRANSMITTER ROOMB

In TV Tran)mitt!r ! "a7! )!!n ?7! )!ction)& T"o)! )!ction) ar!B$& Po!r )!ction#& RF )!ction1& Contro5 )!ction

/ & Vi*!o )!ction an*& Au*io )!ction

Sout" TV Tran)mitt!r u)!) #3 'o!r& T"!)! #3 'o!r) ar! otain!* from/'o!ram'5i?!r) !ac" am'5i?!r 'ro*uc!) 00&Som! com'on!nt in TV Tran)mitt!r;t"!irfunction an* t"! 'at" t"at !ac" )!ction fo55o) ar! 5i)t!* !5oB


14/31

D!mo*u5ator B i) u)!* a) TV R!c!i7!r&

Au*io 'roc!))or B i) u)!* a) !@ua5i9!r i&!& u)!* for )oun* contro5 =*!cr!a)in+or incr!a)in+

)oun*>&

Ecit!r B i) t"! main com'on!nt an* '5a4) t"! +r!at ro5! in TV tran)mitt!r& It"a) 7i*!ocontro5; Au*io contro5; mo*u5ator; RF an* O)ci55ator&In !cit!r Au*io i) in form of FM =fr!@u!nc4 mo*u5ation> an* 7i*!o i) in formof AM=am'5itu*! mo*u5ation>&

Dir!ctiona5 cou'5!r B "a) to function) $& R!a* forar* an* r!!ct!* 'o!r&

#& Ta3!) )am'5! from itAft!r Dir!ctiona5 cou'5!r Ant!nna i) !i)t

#&: 6OW STUDIO OF SOUT6 RADIO AND TV AGENCY 2UILTB

T"! a55 of t"! )tu*io i) corru+at!*& It mu)t ! acco)t!* ui5t 4G4')um& Or itmu)t ! )oft mat!ria5 5i3! F!ma5! i+ in t"! G4')um& An* it mu)t "a7! "o5!on t"! at to'of t"! +4')um; !cau)! t"! )oun* com!) from t"! micro'"on! "it int!rinto t"! +4')um

"o5!& T"i) im'5i!) t"!r! i) no )i+na5 r!!ct!* ac3 int!r) t"! micro'"on!a+ain& T"i)accu)ation of t"! a55 i) u)!* to i+nor! t"! int!rf!r!nc! of t"! )oun* noi)!t"at int!r) t"!micro'"on! a) a f!!*ac3&

#&. RADIO STUDIO; TRANSMITTER AND SERVER ROOM

#&.&$ 6OW RADIO TRANSMITTER WOR,S

W"!n a )oun* i) ?r)t '5a4!*; it i) 'ic3!* u' 4 a micro'"on! an*tran)5at!* into a )in!a7! t"at r!'r!)!nt) t"! )oun*& T"! carri!r a7!) )tart out it" noinformation in)cri!*in t"!m unti5 t"!4 ar! mo*i?!* 4 t"! information from t"! !5!ctrica5information from t"!micro'"on!& T"!)! !5!ctroma+n!tic a7!) ar! mor! !!cti7! t"anm!c"anica5 a7!);


15/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

!cau)! !5!ctrica5 a7!) can tra7!5 in a 7acuum "i5! m!c"anica5 a7!)n!!* a m!*ium totra7!5 in& E5!ctroma+n!tic a7!) tra7!5 at t"! )'!!* of 5i+"t; "ic" i) fa)t!rt"an t"!m!c"anica5 a7!) t"at tra7!5 at t"! )'!!* of )oun*&

Ra*io roa*ca)tin+B i) t"! tran)mi))ion or )i+na5) *i)triution of )oun*u)in+ t"!!5!ctrica5 !n!r+4 &T"! ?r)t ta)3 of ra*io roa*ca)tin+ )4)t!m) i) to c"an+!)oun* into!5!ctrica5 !n!r+4& T"i) !5!ctrica5 !n!r+4 i) ca55!* Au*io )i+na5)& T"!!@ui'm!nt t"at c"an+!)t"i) !n!r+4 i) ca55!* Tran)*uc!r)& T"! )!con* o) of ra*io roa*ca)tin+)4)t!m ar! to 'roc!)) or c"an+! au*io )i+na5)& So t"at can roa*ca)t t"!m& T"! 'i!c! of !@ui'm!nt t"atc"an+!) on! or mor! a)'!ct of au*io )i+na5) ca55!* )i+na5 'roc!))or)& T"!

ot"!r 'art;tran)mitt!r an* ant!nna t"at 'roc!))!* au*io )i+na5 ar! carri!* to r!c!i7!ra) r!c!i7!r)i+na5)& T"! 'roc!)) of oinin+ t"! au*io )i+na5 an* r!c!i7!r )i+na5 i) *on!t"rou+"mo*u5ation& T"! ao7! 'roc!)) can ! )"on !5o u)in+ *ia+ram

L!t u) )!! t"! t!rm in *ia+ram on! 4 on!

In'ut tran)*uc!r i) t"! !@ui'm!nt t"at c"an+!) on! form of !n!r+4 to t"!ot"!r)& T"!r!ar! man4 t4'!) of !@ui'm!nt t"at con7!rt !n!r+4 in roa*ca)tin+ )4)t!m)&For !am'5!;Micro'"on!&


16/31

Si+na5 'roc!))or i) t"! !@ui'm!nt t"at c"an+!) on! or mor! a)'!ct) ofan au*io )i+na5))i9!& T"!r! i) )!7!ra5 !@ui'm!nt in roa*ca)tin+ t"at 'ro*uc!) )i+na5'roc!))or); )uc" a)

'r! am'5i?!r; mi!r; 'o!r am'5i?!r; au*io am'5i?!r; !!ct of unit an* )oon& T"i)!@ui'm!nt i) ca55!* )ourc! !@ui'm!nt&

D!t!ctor i) a *!7ic! t"at r!co7!r) information of int!r!)t contain!* in amo*u5at!*a7!&

RF Am'5i?!r i) a t4'! of !5!ctronic am'5i?!r u)!* to con7!rt a 5o 'o!rra*iofr!@u!nc4 )i+na5 into a 5ar+!r& It a5)o u)!* to incr!a)! t"! 'o!r of t"! )i+na5

an* t"! ran+!of ra*io a7!

Ant!nna Su''o)! 4ouJr! t"! o)) of T"! )im'5!)t ra*io ant!nna) ar! u)t5on+ )trai+"tro*)& Man4 in*oor TV ant!nna) ta3! t"! form of a *i'o5! a m!ta5 ro* )'5itinto to 'i!c!)an* fo5*!* "ori9onta554 )o it 5oo3) a it 5i3! a '!r)on )tan*in+ )trai+"t u'it" t"!ir arm))tr!tc"!* out "ori9onta554& Mor! )o'"i)ticat!* out*oor TV a!ria5) "a7! anum!r of t"!)!u)! micro'"on! *i'o5!) arran+!* a5on+ a c!ntra5 )u''ortin+ ro*& Ot"!r*!)i+n) inc5u*! circu5ar 5oo') of ir! an*; of cour)!; 'arao5ic )at!55it!*i)"!)&For t"! 'ro'a+ation an* int!rc!'tion of ra*io a7!); a tran)mitt!r an*r!c!i7!r ar!!m'5o4!*& A ra*io a7! act) a) a carri!r of informationB!arin+ )i+na5) t"!informationma4 ! !nco*!* *ir!ct54 on t"! a7! 4 '!rio*ica554 int!rru'tin+ it)tran)mi))ion =a) in*otBan*B*a)" t!5!+ra'"4> or im'r!))!* on it 4 a 'roc!)) ca55!* mo*u5ation&

#&. 6OW ANTENNAS WOR,

A ra*io )tation an* 4ou ant to tran)mit 4our 'ro+ram) to t"! i*!r or5*&6o *o 4ou+o aout it You to ca'tur! t"! )oun* of '!o'5!J) 7oic!) an* turn t"!m into!5!ctrica5


17/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

!n!r+4& You ta3! t"at !5!ctricit4 an*; 5oo)!54 )'!a3in+; ma3! it o a5on+ ata55 m!ta5ant!nna =oo)tin+ it in 'o!r man4 tim!) )o it i55 tra7!5 u)t a) far a) 4oun!!* into t"!or5*>& A) t"! !5!ctron) =tin4 'artic5!) in)i*! atom> in t"! !5!ctric curr!nt

i++5! ac3 an*fort" a5on+ t"! ant!nna; t"!4 cr!at! in7i)i5! !5!ctroma+n!tic ra*iation int"! form of ra*ioa7!)& T"!)! a7!) tra7!5 out at t"! )'!!* of; ta3in+ 4our ra*io 'ro+ramit" t"!m& W"at"a''!n) "!n I turn on m4 ra*io in m4 "om! a f! mi5!) aa4 T"! ra*ioa7!) 4ou )!nto t"rou+" t"! m!ta5 ant!nna an* cau)! !5!ctron) to i++5! ac3 an*fort"& T"at+!n!rat!) an !5!ctric curr!nta )i+na5 t"at t"! com'on!nt) in)i*! m4 ra*ioturn ac3 into

)oun*&

In ra*io roa*ca)tin+ tran)mi))ion; t"!r! ar! t"r!! room)a) Radio studio room

b) Radio transmitter room

c) Server room

#&.&1 RADIO STUDIO ROOM

Ra*io )tu*io i) t"! )!ction at "ic" t"! information i) r!5!a)!* 4 t"!r!'ort!r)& In t"!ra*io )tu*io t"!r! ar! )o man4 com'on!nt) =*!7ic!)> u)!* to int!rmi t"!r!'ort!r) )oun*& T"i) )!ction i) t"! information )ourc!& T"!)! com'on!nt) ar!• Micro'"on!

• Micro'"on! am'5i?!r-S'!a3!r

• 6!a*'"on! am'5i?!r

• SMS Com'ut!r

$> Micro'"on! B i) t"! *!7ic! "ic" i) u)!* to 'ic3 u' t"! r!'ort!r) )oun*& T"i)Micro'"on! "a) int!rna5 coi5; "ic" 7irat!) t"! )oun* of t"! r!'ort!r) an*t"!n it c"an+!)t"! )oun* !n!r+4 to t"! !5!ctrica5 !n!r+4& T"! information i) t"!n o in t"!form of !5!ctrica5 )i+na5&


18/31

#> 6!a*'"on! B T"i) *!7ic! i) u)!* 4 t"! r!'ort!r) to "!ar t"! )oun*+oin+ to ! on air&

1> SMS Com'ut!r B i) u)!* to r!c!i7! t"! )"ort m!))a+! )!r7ic! )!nt 4'!o'5!) 5i)t!nin+

t"! ra*io&

/> S'!a3!r B t"i) *!7ic! i) u)!* to con7!rt !5!ctrica5 )i+na5 to )oun*!n!r+4& T"!r! i) a5)oa arnin+ 5i+"t on t"! a55) of t"! )tu*io& T"i) arnin+ 5i+"t i) u)!* a) am!an) 4 "ic" t"! t!c"nician) an* r!'ort!r) communicat! *urin+ t"! n!)tran)mi))ion& T"! !5!ctrica5 )i+na5 "ic" com!) out of t"! micro'"on! i) a)ma55 )i+na5& Aft!r it r!5!a)!) t"! mic! it !nt!r) t"! 'r!Bam'5i?!r =PODS>*!7ic! to ! am'5i?!*& Aft!r it u) am'5i?!* it !nt!r) t"! mi!r& Aft!r )om!'roc!))!) in t"! mi!r t"! )oun* i) )!nt to t"! )!r7!r& E7!r4 n!) ar! )tor!*on t"! )!r7!r&

T"! Ra*io )tu*io "a) to maor )tu*io) "ic" ar!Stu*io A =On air )tu*io>Stu*io 2 =Pro*uction )tu*io>In )tu*io A an* Stu*io 2 t"!r! ar! )tu*io room) u)!* to tran)mitPro+ram)& In !ac" room t"!r! ar! on! com'ut!r; t"r!! micro'"on!) an*t"r!! "!a*'"on!);"ic" ar! *ir!ct54 conn!ct!* to t"! contro5 room& T"! contro5 room i) foun* in front of t"! )tu*io room; "ic" i) )!'arat!* 4t"! mirrorin*o& T"! )oun* mi!r; t"! t!5!com; Rac3; an* com'ut!r) ar! foun* in t"!contro5 room&

T"! )oun* mi!r Bi) u)!* to mi!) t"! )oun* from *i!r!nt )ourc!) )uc"a) t!5!com micro'"on! an* t!c"nician com'ut!r &It "a) $# C"ann!5) an* $#f!!*!r)& T"! ?r)t 1 f!!*!r) ar! u)!* for micro'"on!); t"! n!t # u)!* for CD'5a4!r) ;t"! )it" i)u)!* for PMD :0=!@ua5i9!r> ;t"! )!7!nt" i) for CDR= CD urn!r>; t"! !i+"t"i) for M#00 =Marant9>; t"! n!t to f!!*!r for DAD $ an* DAD #;t"! !5!7!nt" i) forca))!tt! '5a4!r an*t"! 5a)t i) u)!* for TELOS&

T!5o) Bi) u)!* to ta3! t"! t!5!'"on! to t"! mi!r&DAD Bi) a )oftar! 'ro+ram u)!* to faci5itat! au*io roa*ca)tin+ or3)&E@ua5i9!r B i) u)!* to !@ua5i9! t"! )i+na5 "ic" i) a5)o ca55!* +ain& Sout"Ra*io n!tor3con)i)t) $0 3i5o att Am'5itu*! mo*u5ation at A-minc!; $00 3i5o attAm'5itu*! mo*u5ation at Ro!; $003i5o att at W-)o*o; 3i5o attfr!@u!nc4 mo*u5ation an* $00 3i5o


19/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

att )"ort a7! at

Rac3 i) a5)o foun* in t"! tran)mitt!r room; "ic" i) 5ocat!* at t"! )i*! orn!t to t"!tran)mitt!r an* con)i)t) of Mo*u5ation monitor =u)!* to )"o) t"! a7!form>;O)ci55o)co'! =r!co+ni9!) t"! a7! of t"! )i+na5 fr!@u!nc4>; Fr!@u!nc4count!r =to countt"! fr!@u!nc4>; Au*io 'roc!))or; Au*io contro5 )itc"; Di)triution am'5i?!r;'atc" 'an!5;Lin3 R!c!i7!r an* Gain am'5i?!r =am'5if4 t"! )i+na5 or to incr!a)! t"! +ain>ar! )om!com'on!nt on t"! rac3&

T"! DB$0 tran)mitt!r "a) t"r!! )!ction) =cain!t>B$& S!ction on!#& S!ction to1& S!ction t"r!!

S!ction on! con)i)t) of BB Po!rB Tran)form!rB R!cti?!r

S!ction to con)i)t) ofB• O)ci55ator i) u)!* to +!n!rat! carri!r fr!@u!nc4

• 2u!r am'5i?!r i) u)!* am'5i?!) t"! o)ci55ator out 'ut

• RF am'5i?!r To am'5i?!) t"! +!n!rat!* RF )i+na5

• 2an* 'a)) ?5t!r B To 'a)) t"! r!@uir!* fr!@u!nc4 =$01 369> an* r!!ct)t"! ot"!r fr!@u!nc4 &• Au*io in'utBma3!) t"! au*io )uita5! for 'roc!))in+

• AD con7!rt!rBu)!* to c"an+! t"! Au*io )i+na5 into *i+ita5 form; to 'a)) toMo*u5ation !nco*!r&• Pr! *!ri7!r an* RF *!ri7!rBam'5i?!) t"! RF )i+na5 furt"!r to *!ri7! t"!'o!r am'5i?!r&• RF )'5itt!rB 'ro7i*!) RF *ri7!r )i+na5 to !ac" /. 'o!r am'5i?!r) )!'arat!54&


20/31

S!ction t"r!! con)i)t of BA& tunin+2& 5oa*in+

Tunin+ i) u)!* for fr!@u!nc4 )!ttin+ i&!& ma3in+ fr!@u!nc4 con)tant; W"!r!a) Loa*in+ i)u)!* for a5ancin+ =matc"in+>& T"! ot"!r im'ortant !5!ctronic *!7ic! "ic" i) foun* in t"! tran)mitt!r roomi) t"!Dumm4 5oa* =Arti?cia5 ant!nna>&It i) u)!* in)t!a* of Ant!nna "!n c"!c3in+of Tran)mitt!r i) n!!*!* aft!r Tran)mitt!r i) maintain!*& An* a5)o it i) u)!* to*i))i'at! t"!out'ut 'o!r of DA =$,W> "i5! D =$0,W> i) o'!ratin+&Comin!r T"i) i) ma*! u' of C!ramic Ca'acitor; R!+u5ar ca'acitor an*

In*uctor; in t"!)!Part to coaia5 ca5! i) comin!*& $&Coaia5 ca5! from $0, tran)mitt!r an*#& Coaia5 ca5! from $, tran)mitt!r =Stan*4 tran)mitt!r>&In)i*! t"! comin!r t"!r! i) a rotatin+ )itc"& T"!)! )itc"!) i) rotatin+ an*conn!ctin+on! of t"! )!5!ct!* Ant!nna) it" t"! Out*oor Ant!nna or it" Ant!nna of./m&A5)o ! )"ou5* not! t"at D!"4*rator !nt!r to t"! coaia5 ca5! t"at +o!) toant!nna& T"!

out'ut 'art i) conn!ct!* it" t"! Ant!nna out)i*! t"! tran)mitt!r room 4t"! coaia5ca5!&

T"! Ra*iation t4'! of Sout" Ra*io Ant!nna i) Omni *ir!ctiona5& It "a)t"r!! +u4 ir!)=)u''ort!r>& On !ac" +u4 ir! t"!r! i) arr!)tor& T"!)! arr!)tor) ar! u)!* foro7!r 7o5ta+!'rot!ction in ca)! of 5i+"tnin+ )tri3!)&Eac" +u4 ir!) form $#0 *!+r!! it" !ac" Ra*iator of Ant!nna& T"! 5!n+t"of +u4 ir!)

an* ra*iator ant!nna) ar! !@ua5&In !ac" 'art of +u4 ir!; /0 Ra*ia5 ir!) !i)t it" t"! an+5! *i!r!nc! of 1*!+r!!&Ra*ia5 ir! i) u)!* to r!!ct t"! ra*iat!* )i+na5 ac3 to t"! ant!nna from t"!+roun*; tor!*uc! )i+na5 5o)!)&Anot"!r com'on!nt "ic" !i)t) aroun* t"! Ra*iator ant!nna i) cou'5in+unit& It i) u)!*


21/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

for Tunin+ an* matc"in+ T"! 5!n+t" of t"! ant!nna "ic" i) foun* in 6aa))a on A5amura mountain i)ca5cu5at!* a)Fo55o)B

Wa7! 5!n+t" => Q)'!!* of 5i+"t-+!n!rat!* fr!@u!nc4 Q1X$0.m-)-81. 369Q1#0m6!nc! L!n+t" of t"! ant!nna =L> i) on! fourt" of t"! a7! 5!n+t"&LQ -/Q1#0-/LQ .0m

Fi+& ant!nna "ic" i) foun* on A5amura mountain

#&.& SERVER ROOM


22/31

S!r7!r i) a 'o!rfu5 com'ut!r "ic" i) u)!* a) a 5irar4 an* )tor!) t"!'ro+ram) "ic"ar! on t"! air& T"! )!r7!r con)i)t) of to 'art)Bi& Main )!r7!r "an*5!) a55 t"! *ocum!nt) )uc" a) mu)ic; n!); 'romo); !tc&

ii& 2ac3 u' contain) co'i!) of 'r!7iou) *ata&

In t"i) )!ction of )!r7!r )uB)!ction ! "a7! o)!r7!* t"atB

Rout!r i) foun* in t"i) room t"at u)!* for conn!ctin+ )!r7!r an* )!r7ic!'ro7i*!r for int!rn!t acc!))&Ra+ contro55!r i) a LED *!7ic! "ic" count) tim!&N!tor3 *i)triutor conn!ction) u)!* to tran)f!r *ata from )!r7!r toot"!rroom !tc&

#&8 MAINTENANCE ROOM

Maint!nanc! m!an) 3!!'in+ t"! *!7ic!) a) it i) i&!& 3!!'in+ t"!ori+ina5it4 of t"at *!7ic!& T"!r! ar! to t4'!) of maint!nanc!

$> Pr!7!nti7! i) t4'! of maint!nanc! t"at i) maintainin+ !for! *ama+!&Pr!7!nti7!maint!nanc! *i7i*!* into *ai54; !!354; mont"54; @uart!r a 4!ar; "a5f a 4!aran* a 4!ara)!* on t"! mat!ria5& For !am'5! ra*io tran)mitt!r maintain !!354& T"i)t4'! i) u)!* to)ta4 t"! mat!ria5 for 5on+ tim! 4 c5!anin+ t"! *u)t; moi)tur! !tc& T"!mat!ria5) ar! 5o!r; )cr! *ri7!r an* urni)" for c5!anin+ !tc& T"i) i)r!comm!n*a5! for t"! 5on+ 5i7! of t"!*!7ic!&

#> Corr!cti7! i) t4'! of maint!nanc! t"at i) maintainin+ aft!r *ama+!& T"i) i) maintainin+ of *ama+!* mat!ria5) 4 c"an+in+ a com'on!nt from t"!!5!ctronic) *!7ic! 4 corr!ctin+ a) it i) W"!n ! ar! in t"! maint!nanc!room ! )!! "o to i*!ntif4 'ro5!m of !5!ctronic) mat!ria5; ?r)t c"!c3 t"!continuit4; t"! 'o!r cor* t"!n fu)! aft!r t"at )itc" an* SMP=)itc"!*mo*! 'o!r> )u''54 t"i) i) t"! r!c!nt54 u)!* r!cti?!r& W! a5)o )!! t"!in)ta55ation of t"! ra*io )tu*io )tartin+ from t"! micro'"on! u' to t"!

tran)mitt!r an* t"! in)ta55ation of TV tran)mitt!r )tartin+ from t"! )tu*io u'to t"! u'5in3& T"i) i) maintainin+ t"! *ama+!* *!7ic!) for u)in+ it a+ain& Int"! maint!nanc! room t"!r! i) a 7o5tm!t!r u)!* to m!a)ur! t"! amount of7o5ta+! an* curr!nt& T"!r! i) a5)o on! Com'ut!r an* mat!ria5) n!!* formaint!nanc! )!r7ic!& In t"i) room ! ar! inform!* "o to )a7! our)!57!)an* ot"!r) from *i!r!nt inuri!); 5i3! !5!ctric )"oc3 an* canc!r ="!n)ta4!* 5on+ tim! aroun* t"! *i)" '5at!>&


23/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

#&$0 ORIENTATION WIT6 T6E RESPONSI2ILITIES OF ! !n!?t!* aout t"!!5!ctronic) *!7ic!);


24/31

5i3! am'5i?!r) an* from t"! 3no5!*+! of or3)"o' on! ! !n!?t!* )af!t4ru5!) an*in)ta55ation& From intro*uction to communication ! !n!?t!* )3i55) ofmo*u5ation) t4'!)=AM; FM PM> an* t"! a7! form) of au*io 7i*!o• T"! int!rn)"i' "!5'!* u) to matc"!* t"! t"!or4 it" 'ractica5

• It "!5'!* u) to 3no mor! aout t"! mat!ria5& Suc" a)

• ADAT conn!ctor

• Ecit!r

• TDIF conn!ctor

• TASCAM

• ant!nna

• ENON

• S!r7!r

1 UPGRADE T6EORETICAL ,NOWLEDGEB

• It "!5'!* to r!m!m!r!* t"! t"!or4 "ic" ! 5!arn!* !for! c5a))

• It c5!ar!* t"! t"!or4 mor!

1&1 IN TERMS OF COMMUNICATION S,ILLSB

Goo* communication i) )i+ni?cant for an4on! "o i) at or3 )it! to +aint"! r!@uir!*!n!?t)& W! +ain!* t"! fo55oin+ !n!?t) *u! to communication )3i55)&

G!t information aout !ac" or3 'i!c!Un*!r)tan* t"! !"a7ior of t"! or3!r,no t"! or3!r "on!)t4 on t"!ir or3G!t information aout !ac" or3 'i!c!

1&/ IN TERMS OF TEAM PLAYINGB

W! ar! !n!?cia5 or3 to+!t"!r & It i) a5)o im'ortant for a55 m!m!r)"o or3!* int"! t!am; !cau)! t"!r! i) )"arin+ 3no5!*+! in t"! t!am& W! +ain!* t"!fo55oin+ fromt"! t!am&• Wor3!* a t"in+ in t"! !)t a4• Ma*! to !com! !i5! on t"! *!ci)ion ma3in+

• Encoura+!* r!a*in+ mor!

• It "!5'!* 3noin+

• To *i)cu)) aout t"! or3)

1& IN TERMS OF LEADERS6IPB


25/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

L!a*!r)"i' i) t"! r!)'on)ii5it4 "ic" +i7!n to )om!on! to 'ut or3 oon t"! ri+"ta4& L!a*!r i) a) a *ri7!r "! "a) to 5i7! for ot"!r '!r)on not for on54 "im)!5f&A) a

5!a*!r)"i' ! +ain!* t"! fo55oin+ !n!?t)&• L!a* t"!

or3!rin+oo*mann!r

• Con)i*!rin+ a) r!)'on)i5! an* accounta5! '!r)on

• Moti7ation an* !ncoura+!m!nt )"ou5* ! +i7!n to t"! fo55o!r) to *o mor!

• Partici'at! 'ractica5 it" t"! or3!r

• Ma3! t"!m to r!)'!ct t"! or3&

1&%& IN TERMS OF ET6ICSB Wor3 !t"ic) i) +i7!) 7a5u! for "i) or3& Ma4 ! t"at 7a5u! +oo* or a*; it

*!'!n* on t"!'!r)on !"a7ior&

Et"ic) in or3 5!a* toB• T"! !m'5o4!r an* t"! !m'5o4!! to 3no t"!ir r!)'!cti7! or3r!)'on)ii5iti!)• It i) im'ortant for t"! formation of a +oo* or3 o

• It r!)u5t) for t"! ac"i!7!m!nt of !'!ct!* +oa5&! +ain!* from or3 !t"ic)• 6on!)t4 an* accountai5it4

• R!)'!ct!* 4 ot"!r '!r)on

• Sati)faction

• Con?*!nc!

1&%&$& EPERIENCE GAINED IN TERMS OF ENTREPRENERUS6IPS,ILLB

An !ntr!'r!n!ur i) a '!r)on "o )!t u' u)in!))!) an* u)in!)) *!a5)&Entr!'r!n!ur)"i' i) t"! )tat! of !in+ an !ntr!'r!n!ur or t"! acti7iti!)a))ociat!* it"!in+ an !ntr!'r!n!ur& On! )"ou5* ! a +oo* *!ci)ion ma3!r *urin+ t"!)!ttin+ u' of u)in!)) acti7iti!)& E'!ri!nc! +ain!* from !ntr!'r!n!ur)"i' i)B• 2! a +oo* *!ci)ion ma3! on )!ttin+ u' of t"! u)in!)) i*!a)

• To )o57! a 'ro5!m

• A) !ntr!'r!n!ur)"i' )"ou5* "a7! o'!n min*


26/31


27/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

Durin+ t"! int!rn)"i' '!rio* ! ar! a))i+n!* to '!rform t!c"nica5 ta)3)5i3! t!5!7i)iontran)mi))ion; ra*io tran)mi))ion an* maint!nanc! of *i!r!nt )tu*io!@ui'm!nt& In T!5!7i)ion )tu*io tran)mi))ion ! o)!r7!* T!5!'rom't!r;Cam!ra; VTR; N!io; an* Rout!r

ma''!r; VTM; Vi)ion mi!r !tc& VTR) in contro5 room ar! *ir!ct54 conn!ct!*to t"r!!Cam!ra); "ic" ar! foun* in t"! )tu*io on!& W! o)!r7!* "o )i+na5 i)tran)mitt!* to t"!)at!55it! an* r!c!i7!* from t"! )at!55it! 4 u)in+ *i)"& W! a5)o a))i+n!* tot"! Ra*io )tu*io&In t"i) )tu*io ! o)!r7!* t"! t!c"nica5 o'!ration of Ra*io )tu*io !@ui'm!nt&In t"! maint!nanc! room; ! o)!r7!* "o to maintain of *i!r!nt!5!ctronic) !@ui'm!ntt"i) "a* fai5!* to o'!rat!& W! "a* ta3!n 'art *urin+ t"! maint!nanc! oft"!)! !@ui'm!nt

an* ! "a7! +ot t"! c"anc! to )!! t"! int!rna5 'art of )om! !@ui'm!nt an*maintain!*)om! !@ui'm!nt& W! a5)o o)!r7!* ra*io tran)mitt!r maint!nanc! an* "oto maintain it&

1&:& OT6ER RESPONSI2ILITIES DURING T6E INTERNS6IPB

Durin+ t"! int!rn)"i' '!rio* ! "a* t"! r!)'on)ii5it4 of o)!r7in+ an*3noin+t"! "o5! )4)t!m of t"! Sout" Ra*io an* TV Or+ani9ation !5!ctronic)!@ui'm!nt "ic" ar!N! for u) an* t"! maint!nanc! of t"i) !@ui'm!nt a) !55 a) t"!ir function&W! tri!* toun*!r)tan* t"! )4)t!m of t"! or+ani9ation in ot" i*!a5 an* t!c"nica5 fromour *ai54 *uti!)&W! "a* a5)o t"! r!)'on)ii5it4 of att!n*in+ on tim! an* 'ro'!r54 un*!r)tan*t"! t"in+);"ic" !r! to5* to u) *urin+ t"! int!rn)"i'&

1&:&$& RELEVANT RESEARC6 PRO


28/31

$&Li7! roa*ca)tin+

#& out)i*! roa*ca)tin+

1& Stu*io roa*ca)tin+&

T"! ?r)t to roa*ca)tin+ r!@uir!) t"! 'roc!)) of *on 5in3in+ an*

con7!rtin+ t"! *on5in3!* ana5o+u! )i+na5 into *i+ita5 )i+na5 to 'roc!)) it in t"! )tu*io !for!tran)mittin+ tot"! 'u5ic& M!an "i5! t"! Sout" T!5!7i)ion u)!) VTR to con7!rt t"! ana5o+u!)i+na5 comin+ from t"! *!co*!r to *i+ita5 )i+na5 5i3! an ADC& It i) 7!r4!'!n)i7! an* ! 'ro'o)!* if it i) r!'5ac!* t"! !i)tin+ VTR it" *ua5B)5o'!ADC& T"! *ua5B)5o'! ADC minimi9!) co)t an* )'ac!& It a55o) con7!rtin+ t"!*on 5in3!* ana5o+u! )i+na5 in to *i+ita5 )i+na5 it" )"ort '!rio* of tim!&Mor! )'!ci?ca554 t"! +oa5 of t"! 'ro!ct !ntai5)• R!c!i7in+ ana5o+u! )i+na5

• Con7!rtin+ ana5o+u! )i+na5 to *i+ita5 )i+na5 an*

• F!!*in+ t"! *i+ita5 )i+na5 to t"! )tu*io for furt"!r 'roc!))in+

C6APTER FOUR

/& CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

/&$& CONCLUSIONB

Sout" ra*io an* t!5!7i)ion a+!nc4 '5a4) a +r!at ro5! for )out" r!+iona5+o7!rnm!nt an* a )oci!t4 5i7! in )out" r!+ion an* )om! 'art of oromia

r!+ion& It i) Go7!rnm!nta5 or+ani9ation& It u)!* to tran)mit information from+o7!rnm!nt to a )oci!t4an* from t"! i*!a of t"! )oci!t4 to +o7!rnm!nt& It a5)o 'ro7i*! man4information;!nt!rtainm!nt; f!atur!) of )out" r!+ion; an* )oci!t4 5if! &t"i) Com'an4contain aout #00or3!r) in)i*! it& T"! com'an4 u)! *i!r!nt mo*!rn *i+ita5 mat!ria5 to tran)mit an* r!c!i7!)i+na5)& TASCAM DMB#/ u)!* in 'ro*uction room& It acc!'t) *i!r!nt in'ut an*out'ut& Suc" a) $%micro'"on! -5in! in'ut; t"r!! TDIF conn!ctor); . out'ut u))!); )i auu))!); an**i!r!nt '"4)ica5 out'ut& ENON i) a mi!r "ic" u)!* in on air room& U)! a)!r7!r u)!* to)tor! *ata an* ?5!& Ecit!r 'ro7i*!) continuou) 7aria5! RF out'ut of an4fr!@u!nc4 it"int"! .:& M6 to $00&. M6&


29/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

T"! Au*io )i+na5 from on air )!ction i) !nt!rin+ t"! )58001Z from t"!r!t"! )i+na5'roc!))!* an* )!n* to tran)mitt!r "!r! it i) a5r!a*4 fu554 'roc!))!* an*r!a*4 fortran)mi))ion& Maor com'on!nt in t"i) au*io 'roc!))in+ ar! au*io )ourc!

!nco*!r; ZAMmo*u5ator mo*u5! IF u' con7!rtor tran)mit mo*u5! or u' con7!rtor an*'o!r am'5i?!r& T"! r!c!i7!r )i*! '!rform) o''o)it! function of t"at of t"! tran)mitt!r&

/& RECOMMENDATION

/&$& FOR T6E COMPANYB

It i) im'ortant to a '!r)on or com'an4 to !ncoura+! or a''r!ciat! t"!ir

+oo* 'art an*to im'ro7! or u'+ra*! t"!ir !a3 'art&W! r!comm!n*!* to t"! Com'an4 of )out" ra*io an* t!5!7i)ion a+!nc4 ar!t"!fo55oin+A55 t"! or3!r r!)'!ct!* !ac" ot"!r& T"!4 "a7! to continu! 4 t"i) T"! a* t"in+ i) t"!r! i) no coBor*ination !t!!n t"! t!c"nician); )ot"!4"a* !tt!r t"in3 o7!r t"i); !cau)! coor*ination 4 it)!5f i) 'o!r& T"!4 "a* +oo* tr!at to t"! )tu*!nt "o !r! on a''ar!nt an* +i7!ninformation aout t"! t"in+)&

/& FOR T6E DEPARTMENTB

Financia5 'ro5!m) T"! tuition f!! t"at t"! Uni7!r)it4 'a4) for t"! int!rni) not!nou+" to co7!r t"! !'!n)!&

T"! Uni7!r)it4 "a* !a3 r!5ation)"i' it" a+!nc4& 2!cau)! of t"i) t"!int!rn a) not tr!at!* a) muc" a) 'o))i5!& So t"! uni7!r)it4 i) !tt!r to "a*)tron+ r!5ation it" a+!nc4& T"! oc! i) not +i7!n for int!rn& 2!cau)! of t"i) t"! int!rn )tan* out)i*!

ti55 t"!ir)u'!r7i)or com!)&

Ec!'t )u'!r7i)or an* )om! or3!r); mo)t of or3!r *o!)n(t "a7! +oo*i55in+ forEntrant&


30/31

Mo)t or3!r) *on(t tr!at u) 'ro'!r54& T"!4 *on(t )"o +oo* 'rof!))iona5

!t"ic)&

In +!n!ra5; t"! t"in+) t"at *i)cu))!* ao7! mu)t ! im'ro7!* to incr!a)!t"! 7a5u!) of

int!rn)"i'& A) or3!r) of t"i) or+ani9ation; t"o)! int!rn) )"ou5* ! tr!at!*!@ua554 or'ro'!r54&

/&1 EVALUATION AND CRITIZUE

/&1&$& FEELING A2OUT T6E VALUE OF T6IS INTERNS6IPB

T"! int!rn)"i' a) 7!r4 int!r!)tin+ t"at t"! int!rn "a) moti7ation to *oor3& To ma3! t"! int!rn)"i' 7a5ua5! int!rn i) !tt!r to ta3! )om! cour)!)

r!5at!* to t"! or3 !for! +oin+ out to t"! or3 '5ac!& T"! int!rn i) !tt!r to"a7! )om! t"!or!tica5 i*!a) aout cour)!)& In +!n!ra5 t"! int!rn +!t !tt!rinformation aout t"! !t!rna5 or5* "!n t"! int!rn "a) ta3!n t"!im'ortant cour)!) of communication; t"!n t"! int!rn !com!) mor! 7a5ua5!an* a5)o i*!nti?!) 'ro5!m) of t"! a+!nc4&

/&1& RECOMMENDATION FOR IMPROVING T6E INTENS6IPB

T"! int!rn)"i' i) !tt!r to ta3! '5ac!; if t"! int!rn "a) 'r!B3no5!*+!aout t"!communication; aout E5!ctronic) m!*ia !@ui'm!nt 5i3! cam!ra; )!r7!r;

tran)mitt!r; an*t"! maint!nanc! of t"i) !@ui'm!nt& To im'ro7! t"! int!rn)"i' t"! int!rn()"a* !tt!r tota3! t"! "o5! cour)!) "ic" i) r!5at!* to t"! "o)tin+ a+!nc4 t"at t"! int!rna))i+n!*to it& A) 3non t"! int!rn) )ta4!* for on! )!m!)t!r in or3 '5ac!; t"i) tim! i)7!r4 5on+tim!& W"!n t"! int!rn )ta4!* in t"! a+!nc4 t"!4 fac!* a num!r of 'ro5!m)t"atmu)t ! im'ro7!* for t"! comin+ atc"& Som! of t"!)! 'ro5!m) ar!

/&1&1& STRENGT6 AND AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT AS SELFBEVALUATIONB

From t"! !+innin+ to !n* ! !r! 'unctua5 to our int!rn)"i'() 'ro+ram;cr!ati7!;"on!)t4 an* ! ac@uir!* a +oo* 3no5!*+! an* )3i55) to mat"!matica5'ro5!m) an*


31/31

WOLL0 UNIVERSITY

t"!or!tica5 i*!a) it" our "o)tin+ com'an4 a*7i)or& W! im'ro7!* our!*ucationa5)tatu) an* ! "a* a5)o initiati7! to 5!arn aout n! i*!a); "ic" r!5at!* tot"! cour)!)& W!a5)o i*!nti?!* t"! a7! form) of au*io an* 7i*!o& T"! a7! form of 7i*!o i)

'ic3 to 'ic3;"!r! a) au*io i) com'act!*&

Abris Ooooooo

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