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droit du commerce lectronique:

un droit diffrent ?

vincentgautraisprofesseur titulaire

directeur CRDP

titulaire de la chaireUDM en droit de la scuritet des affaires lectroniques

facult de droitCRDPuniversit de montral

www.twitter.com/gautrais

www.gautrais.com

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2

Michel Serres

Les nouvelles technologies :

rvolution culturelle et cognitive

faits
http://interstices.info/jcms/c_33030/les-nouvelles-technologies-revolution-culturelle-et-cognitivehttp://interstices.info/jcms/c_33030/les-nouvelles-technologies-revolution-culturelle-et-cognitivehttp://interstices.info/jcms/c_33030/les-nouvelles-technologies-revolution-culturelle-et-cognitivehttp://interstices.info/jcms/c_33030/les-nouvelles-technologies-revolution-culturelle-et-cognitivehttp://interstices.info/jcms/c_33030/les-nouvelles-technologies-revolution-culturelle-et-cognitivehttp://interstices.info/jcms/c_33030/les-nouvelles-technologies-revolution-culturelle-et-cognitivehttp://interstices.info/jcms/c_33030/les-nouvelles-technologies-revolution-culturelle-et-cognitivehttp://interstices.info/jcms/c_33030/les-nouvelles-technologies-revolution-culturelle-et-cognitive

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3

ds le moment o change le couplage support/ message, cest--dire le moment de

linvention de lcriture, alors dans noscivilisations, tout change !

faits
http://interstices.info/jcms/c_33030/les-nouvelles-technologies-revolution-culturelle-et-cognitive

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4

Aujourdhui nous navons peut tre pasconscience de la nouveaut extraordinaire des

temps dans lesquels nous vivons.

faits
http://interstices.info/jcms/c_33030/les-nouvelles-technologies-revolution-culturelle-et-cognitive

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5

rvolution des faits

faits

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6

rvolution de lconomie

faits

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7

rvolution des technologies

faits

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8

rvolution de la culture

faits

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9

immigrants v. natives(Mark Prensky, Digital natives, Digital

immigrants, 2001)

faits
http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdfhttp://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdfhttp://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdfhttp://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdfhttp://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf

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10


immigrants, 2001)

faits

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immigrants, 2001)

faits

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John Naughton, The Internet:Everything you ever need to know

1. Take the long view2. The web isntthe Net3. Disruption is a feature, not as bug4. Think cology, not Economics5. Complexity is the New Reality6. The Network is not the computer7. The Web is changing8. Huxley and Orwell are the Bookends of our Future9. Our Intellectual Property Regime is no Longer Fit for

Purpose
http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jun/20/internet-everything-need-to-knowhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jun/20/internet-everything-need-to-knowhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jun/20/internet-everything-need-to-knowhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jun/20/internet-everything-need-to-know

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1.John Naughton, The Internet:Everything you ever need to know

Take the long view Rapport au temps diffrent: trop bas sur le court terme Ex: long tail; FB and control;

Leffet de limprimerie 17 ans aprs?

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The web isnt the Net Chris Anderson Web is dead! Long Live the Internet Over the past few years, one of the most important shifts in the

digital world has been the move from the wide-open Web tosemiclosed platforms that use the Internet for transport but notthe browser for display.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jun/20/internet-everything-need-to-knowhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jun/20/internet-everything-need-to-knowhttp://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/08/ff_webrip/all/1http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/08/ff_webrip/all/1http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jun/20/internet-everything-need-to-knowhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jun/20/internet-everything-need-to-know

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Disruption is a feature, not as bug Difficile contrler par nature Doit rester neutre

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Think Ecology, not Economics Ne plus se baser sur la raret

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Complexity is the New Reality Nombre de participants Nombre des interactions

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The Network is not the computer Extriorisation de linformation

Concurrence de lordinateur (tlphone, iPad, etc.)

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The Web is changing Web 1.0

Web 2.0 Web 3.0 (assez de mtadonnes pour permettre une

comprhension au pralable)

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Huxley and Orwell are the Bookends of our Future

Aldous Huxley believed that we would be destroyed by thethings we love, while George Orwell thought we would bedestroyed by the things we fear.

Beaucoup de passions

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Our Intellectual Property Regime is no Longer Fit forPurpose This is a disagreeable but inescapable factas inescapable in

its way as the fact that young adults tend to drink too muchalcohol. The only way to stop copying is to shut down the net.There's nothing wrong with intellectual property (or alcohol), perse, but our copyright laws are now so laughably out of touch withreality that they are falling into disrepute.

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22

rvolution du droit ?

droit

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easterbrook vs lessig

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easterbrook

...the best way to learn the law applicable tospecialized endeavors is to study general rules. Lots

of cases deal with sales of horses; others deal withpeople kicked by horses; still more deal with thelicensing and racing of horses, or with the careveterinarians give to horses, or with prizes at horse

shows. Any effort to collect these strands into acourse on 'The Law of the Horse' is doomed to beshallow and to miss unifying principles.

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lessig

My claim is to the contrary. I agree that ouraim should be courses that illuminate the entirelaw, but unlike Easterbrook, I believe that there

is an important general point that comes fromthinking in particular about how law andcyberspace connect.

This general point is about the limits on law as aregulator and about the techniques for escapingthose limits .

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dialogue dautistes

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neutralit technologique est lillustration de

cette volont malheureuse dautonomie

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0 tat de la neutralit technologique

1 la neutralit technologique est indfinissable

2 la neutralit technologique ne sert rien

30

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0

tat de la neutralit technologique

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une origine internationale

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cnudci 1996 (et un peu avant)

crit

original

signature

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Sommet mondial de la socit de

linformation - 2003

(39) The rule of law, accompanied by a supportive,transparent, pro-competitive, technologicallyneutral and predictable policy and regulatoryframework reflecting national realities, is essential

for building a people-centred Information Society.

C ti d N ti U i l tili ti d

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Convention des Nations Unies sur lutilisation de

communications lectroniques dans les contrats

internationaux(2005)

Estimantque des rgles uniformes devraient

respecter la libert des parties de choisir les supportset technologies appropris, en tenant compte desprincipes de neutralit technologiqueetdquivalence fonctionnelle, dans la mesure o les

moyens choisis par celles-ci sont conformes lobjetdes rgles de droit applicables en la matire

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OMPI, Standing Committee on Copyright andRelated Rights, May 2006

The principle of technological neutralitymeans that similar things should be treatedsimilarly in legal terms.

N M d t A di th P t ti i

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Non-Mandatory Appendix on the Protection in

Relation to Webcasting to the WIPO Treaty on

the Protection of Broadcasting Organizations

Recognizing the value of the principle oftechnological neutrality, and the need togrant in respect of those activities ofwebcasting that are similar to broadcasting,

protection that takes into account the similarneed for protection .

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une influence nationale

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ccq

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James Moore (Canada2010)

We also committed to launch a Digital EconomyStrategy, and itsimportant that we base the DigitalEconomy Strategy on a modernized copyrightframework that aims to be as technologically neutral

as possible. And Improud to say that wevebeenworking hard to fulfill those commitments.

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rapport RAND - 2009

The Directive is technology neutral

Idem pour Rglement europen sur la vie prive(2012 / 2013)

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loppsi

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canada - 2011

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Crookesc.Newton, 2011 CSC 47

Di ti 2002/21 d 7 2002 l ti

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Directive europenne 2002/21 du 7 mars 2002 relative

un cadre rglementaire commun pour les rseaux et

services de communications lectroniques

L'exigence pour les tats membres de veiller ce queles autorits rglementaires nationales tiennent le plusgrand compte du fait qu'il est souhaitable que larglementation technologique soit neutre, c'est--direqu'elle ne soit ni contraignante ni discriminatoire aubnfice de l'utilisation d'un type particulier de

technologie, n'empche pas que des mesuresproportionnes soient prises afin de promouvoircertains services spcifiques

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pourtant

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dfinition ?

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1

la neutralit correspond au fait dune loi de ne

pas rfrer une technologie en particulier

mcanique

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2

quelle rfre au fait que la loi ne doit pas

favoriser une technologie en particulier ou unsupport plutt quun autre

ouverte

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3

faire quivaloir tant le traitement dediffrentes technologies que celui concernantdiffrents supports et bien entendu le papieret les technologies de linformation

effets

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1

laconfusion qui la caractrise

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ce quelleest

ce quellenest pas

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dfinition

1A

1

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1

caractristique dune loi

Daniel POULIN/ Pierre TRUDEL

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bof!

pour lutter contre lobsolescence

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bof!

comme facteur de qualit

rdactionnelle

+ court ?+ flexible ?

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pire encore

laisse parfois entrevoir que les

technologies sont neutres

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Because technical objects and processes have apromiscuous utility, they are taken to befundamentally neutral as regards their moral

standings. (...) If the experience of modernsociety shows us anything, however, it is thattechnologies are not merely aids to humanactivity, but also powerful forces acting to

reshape that activity and its meaning.

Langdon WINNER

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pire encore

instrumentalisation d

intrts particuliers

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Governments seek technology-neutral policy, and aredoing so at the international level. This appears to be to theadvantage of policy-setters. New powers are grantedthrough technological ambiguity rather than clear debate.

International instruments, such as those from the Group of8 and the Council of Europe, harmonize language in aclosed way with little input and debate. ()

Attempts to innovate policy must be interrogated, lest wereduce democratic protections blindly.

Alberto ESCUDERO-PASCUAL + Ian HOSEIN

2

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2

ne peut tre considr comme une mthodeinterprtativetrop flou

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non-dfinition

1B

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quivalence fonctionnelle

Loi-type de la CNUDCIsur le commerce

lectronique1996Directive 1999/93/CE -

1999, sur un cadrecommunautaire pour les

signatures lectroniques

Directive 2000/31/CE2000commerce

lectronique

CCQ

CCF

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crit

signature

originalforme

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It is worth pointing out at this stage thatthere is real potential for confusion betweenthe principles of equivalence and technologyneutrality.

Chris REED

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outil de rdaction des lois

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outil dinterprtation des lois

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demeure une mthode interprtative proche delinterprtation tlologique

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2

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2

la neutralit technologique ne sert rien

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illustration sur le plan de la substance

illustration sur le plan de la forme

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substance

2A

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de nombreuses lois ne sont pas neutres niexplicitement ni implicitement

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3 exemples

1 - vp 3preuve

2diffamation

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lois associes une technologie

Privacy, like copyright and obscenity, had nodirect legal ancestor in the preprint era. .

Ethan KATSH (1989)

1vp

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implicitement

prp

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PRP pc immobilisation RP

(1970)

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PRP web 2.0 circulation RP

(2000+)

l h l i

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implicitement

diffamation

2diffamation

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81

d

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canada

82

f

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france

83

Prud'homme c. Rawdon (Municipalit de),

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Prud homme c. Rawdon (Municipalit de),

2010 QCCA 584

ville de rawdon

ex.84

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droit contextualis

1 - libertexpression

2 - rputation

85

3 - $$$$$

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quen est-il de lanonymat ?

86


Prud'homme c. Rawdon (Municipalit de),

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ud o e c. a do ( u c pa t de),

2010 QCCA 584

87


t l i d

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trs loin de

88

En portant ces accusations, je n'ignore pas que je me mets sous le coup desarticles 30 et 31 de la loi sur la presse du 29 juillet 1881, qui punit les dlits de

diffamation. Et c'est volontairement que je m'expose.

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quen est-il de lapersistance ?

2 - rputation

89

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quen est-il de la diffusion ?

90

2 - rputation

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quen est-il des cots pour trouver les

diffameurs ?

91

3 - $$$$$

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la force de la documentation

3preuve

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documentation est un principe qui est conformeavec le techno droit

document documentation

conforme la thorie

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conforme la thorie

thoris par ethan katsh (1995)

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processus se substitue la perte du papier

forme

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forme

2B

ce que les civilistes peuvent

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apprendre au technojuristes

2B1

la force de la tradition

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la force de la tradition

rdaction parcimonie

interprtation critre(s)

rdaction

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rdaction

calmez-vous lgislateur !

rdaction

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rdaction

calmez-vous lgislateur !

rdaction

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rdaction

main tremblante

FULLER : a law that

change every day isworse than no law at all

interprtation

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interprtation

quivalencefonctionnelle

approchecontextuelle

quivalence

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qfonctionnelle

3 - original

1 - crit

2 - signature

4 - preuve

approche

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104

yx

ppcontextuelle

ce que les technojuristes peuvent

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apprendre au civilistes

2B2

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apprciation des faits

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lex electronica

En voulant dmarquer tout prix lusage de la coutume,Gny lui te toute originalit par rapport au contrat puret simple : ce nest plus un usage mais une simple normecontractuelle . En somme, si les parties ont convenu de

son application, il les oblige non titre dusage, mais deconvention! Philippe Jacques

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ex: wikipedia

conclusion

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conclusion

2014drt6903c1

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