1 Chapître 4 Graphiques Microsoft Excel Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland...

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1 Chapître 4 Graphiques Microsoft Excel Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland – College Park Click to Continue

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Page 1: 1 Chapître 4 Graphiques Microsoft Excel Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland – College Park Click to Continue.

1

Chapître 4 Graphiques

Microsoft Excel

Robert H. Smith School of Business

University of Maryland – College Park

Click to Continue

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Objectifs

Définir des graphiques Identifier différents types de graphiques Utiliser Graphique Wizard Comprendre Embedding & feuilles graphiques Modifier des graphiques Jongler avec des séries de données multiples Connaître OLE & documents composés Comprendre la propre utilité des graphiques

A la fin de ce chapître, vous serez capable de:

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Aperçu Ce chapître met en valeur la

précision et la clarté des graphiques

Ce chapître montre les différents types de graphiques qui existent et vous enseigne comment les réaliser vous même

Le chapître explique l’utilisation et l’application des graphiques

Click to Continue You are learning Microsoft Excel

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Leçon 1 – Definition

Cette leçon vous apprendra à: • Définir le terme de graphique• Expliquer l’utilité des graphiques• Montrer en quoi consiste les

graphiques

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Que sont les diagrammes et les graphiques?

Le diagramme ou le graphique est une représentaiton graphique des données utilisées afin de délivrer un message

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Diagrammes & Graphiques - Utiles

Les diagrammes et les graphiques sont des aides visuelles utiles et parfois nécessaires. Elles peuvent être utilisées pour des:

Présentations Reportages Articles

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Les composants d’un graphique

Titre

Points de données

Catégories de labels

Séries de données

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Titre ici

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Que signifit “Composant”?

Catégorie de labels - Description des entrées du

graphique Points de données - Séparation des valeurs

numériques sur le graphique Séries de données - Groupes de points de

données comprises dans le graphique

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Comment récupérer les données?

Les données

viennent

de

vos

tableurs

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Où peut-on voir des graphiques?

Journaux Magazines Recherches Aides Journaux

scientifiques Statistiques pour vue

d’ensembleYou are learning Microsoft Excel Click to Continue

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TEST 1- Questions

1) Comment sont appelées les entrées descriptives?

a) Catégories de labels b) Séries de données

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TEST 1 - Réponse

1) Comment sont appelées les entrées descriptives?

a) Catégories de labels b) Séries de données

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TEST 1 – Question

2) Quel est le contenu des séries de données?

a) Catégories de Labels b) Points de données

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TEST 1 - Réponse

2) Quel est le contenu des séries de données?

a) Catégories de Labels b) Points de données

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Leçon 2 – Les types de graphiques

Cette section vous dira:• Les différents types de graphiques. • Les avantages de chaque

graphique.• Les inconvénients de chaque

graphique.

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Types de graphiques

Graphique circulaire

Graphique circulaire éclaté

Graphique circulaire trois dimensions

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Types de graphiques - Suite Diagramme en bâtons

Graphique en courbes

Graphique combiné

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Graphique circulaire

Représente les informations classée par catégories dans le cercle – proportions

Usuellement en pourcentage (%)

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Graphique circulaire : Avantages

Facile de décrypter les informations de statistiques proportionnelles

Facile pour faire des comparaisons

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Graphique circulaire : Inconvénients

Pas plus de8 vues sinon il y a confusion des informations

Les petites catégories (> 5%) se perdent parmis les plus grosses

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Graphique circulaire éclaté

Idem que le graphique circulaire sauf que le graphique circulaire éclaté sépare les catégories en morceaux de manière à avoir plus de visibilité

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Graphique circulaire éclaté: Avantages

Nous pouvons mettre plus d’informations sur ce graphique

Permet d’avoir une meilleure idée pour la description

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Graphique circulaire éclaté: Inconvénients

Il y a trop de mise en valeur et cela peut tromper le lecteur sur la vérité

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Graphique circulaire (3-D) Trois Dimensions

Représentation d’un graphique circulaire en 3D

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Graphique circulaire (3-D) Trois Dimensions : Avantages

Améliore l’image de représentation

Le volume de ce graphique met en valeur les données

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Graphique circulaire (3-D) Trois Dimensions : Inconvénients

Le Graphique circulaire

3-D peut distraire le lecteur et l’empêche de bien lire les informations.

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Le graphique en bâtons

Utilisé pour présenter les informations départagées en nombre réèls (1,2,3,etc…)

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Le graphique en bâtons : Avantages

Le graphique montre les quantités exactes

L’information est plus distincte et évidente

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Le graphique en bâtons : Inconvénients

Les labels longs sont coupés sur l’axe x

Les barres verticales rendent difficile la détermination de l’exacte valeur de chaque catégorie

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Le diagramme en bâtons : Avantages

Les points de donénes sont à l’extérieur et rendent plus facile la comparaison de chaque catégorie

Fournit plus d’espace pour les noms des catégories

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Le diagramme en bâtons : Inconvénients

Met plus en valeur les labels (noms des catégories) au lieu des données

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Le graphique en courbes

Les points de données sont connectés entre eux par une ligne.

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Le graphique en courbes : Avantages

Présente de nombreuses informations simultanément

Ce graphe est une information continue

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Le graphique en courbes : Inconvénients

Les lignes multiples sur un même graphique peuvent porter à confusion

Ne peut montrer que des données continues (souvent mal employées lorsqu’il est difficile de faire la différence entre ce qui est continu et ce qui ne l’est pas)

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Le graphique combiné

Présente deux (ou plus) types de graphiques simultanément

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Graphique en lignes

Graphique en barres

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Le graphique combiné : Avantages

Affiche 2 ou plusieurs séries de données sur le même graphique

Peut avoir différentes echelles pour les séries de données

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Le graphique combiné : Inconvénients

Trop de données sont diffusées silmutanément et portent le lecteur à confusion

Difficile de mettre en évidence les principaux points

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Simplicité du message

Dans le but de rendre un message clair et concis, faites en sorte que le graphique soit le plus simple possible

Plus il est simple, plus il sera facile de l’interpréter

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TEST 2 – Questions

1) Qu’est ce qu’un graphique circulaire montre?

a) Proportions b) Des calcul d’équations

complexes

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TEST 2 – Réponses

1) Qu’est ce qu’un graphique circulaire montre?

a) Proportions b) Des calcul d’équations

complexes

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TEST 2 – Questions

2) Quel est l’inconvénient d’un graphique en bâtons?

a) Les pourcentages peuvent être confondus

b) La difficulté de montrer l’exacte valeur de chaque catégorie

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TEST 2 – Réponses

2) Quel est l’inconvénient d’un graphique en bâtons?

a) Les pourcentages peuvent être confondus

b) La difficulté de montrer l’exacte valeur de chaque catégorie

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Leçon 3 – Utilisation de Graphique Wizard

Cette leçon vous apprendra à créer: • Vos propres graphiques en utilisant

graphique Wizard.

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Utilisation de Graphique Wizard

Sélection des cellules de données que vous voulez mettre dans le graphique (clic sur le bouton droit de la souris pour la 1ère ligne et clic sur le bouton droit la seconde ligne tout en maintenant la tkouche Alt enfoncée)

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Cellules sélectionnées C2:F2 & C7:F7

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Utilisation de Graphique Wizard Aller à Insertion

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Utilisation de Graphique Wizard

Click to Continue You are learning Microsoft Excel

Aller à “Graphiques…”

Sélectionnez et cliquez avec le bouton gauche de la souris

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Utilisation de Graphique Wizard

Ou utilisez votre

barre d’outils et cliquez sur l’icône

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Utilisation de Graphique Wizard

Un exemple d’écran que vous devriez voir apparaître à droite

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Utilisation de Graphique Wizard

Pour les types de graphiques, Sélectionnez Colonne

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Cliquez sur le bouton Suivant pour aller à l’étape 2

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Utilisation de Graphique Wizard

La vue des données sera automatiquement montrée

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Choisir une série pour les lignes

Clic Suivant

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Utilisation de Graphique Wizard

Click to Continue You are learning Microsoft Excel

- Titre du graphique - Titre de l’axe x

Clic

- Titre de l’axe y

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52

Utilisation de Graphique Wizard

Sélectionnez le graphique qui sera placé comme objet dans votre courant tableur

Vous pouvez le placer comme nouvelle feuille un autre fois car ceci est un exemple

Cliquez sur Terminer

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Utilisation de Graphique Wizard

Votre tableur devrait être similaire à celui de droite

Vous devriez avoir un graphique et des données affichés sur la même feuille

Vous être maintenant prêt à montrer vos informations aux autres

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Utilisation de Graphique Wizard

Vous pouvez modifier le type de graphique en cliquant sur la flèche du bouton Graphique de la barre d’outils.

Selectionnez le graphique circulaire 3D

Votre graphique devrait se changer en graphique circulaire 3D

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TEST 3 – Questions

1) Quelle est la meilleure façon de créer un graphique?

a) Embedding b) Utiliser graphique Wizard

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56

TEST 3 – Réponses

1) Quelle est la meilleure façon de créer un graphique?

a) Embedding b) Utiliser graphique Wizard

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TEST 3 – Questions

2) Quel est l’icône qui correspond à Graphique Wizard?

a)

b)

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TEST 3 – Réponses

2) Quel est l’icône qui correspond à Graphique Wizard?

a)

b)

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Lesson 4- Embedding & Using Chart Sheets

This section will:• Explain the difference between

embedded charts and those in separate chart sheets.

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Embedding

Storing graphs within the spreadsheet

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An embedded chart

chart

Data in spreadshe

et

Displays information collectively, no need to switch screens

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Chart Sheet

A separate sheet within Excel which displays the chart

Useful when there is a lot of data or when the chart is needed separately

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Chart Sheet

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Quiz 4 - Questions

1) What is Embedding? a) Charting a sheet b) Placing the chart within the

worksheet

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Quiz 4 - Answers

1) What is Embedding? a) Charting a sheet b) Placing the chart within the

worksheet

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Quiz 4 - Questions

2) True or False: You need to switch screen when embedding.

a) True b) False

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65

Quiz 4 - Answers

2) True or False: You need to switch screen when embedding.

a) True b) False

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66

Lesson 5 – Modifying Chart

This section will teach you the different options for modifying a chart.

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Modifying a Chart

What can you change: - Size

- Color - Shape - Pattern of data - Gridlines - Add/remove labels or legend

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Modifying a Chart

Changes can be made using: - Chart Menu

- Chart Toolbar - Drawing Toolbar

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69

Quiz 5 - Questions

1) You can modify _____ on a chart a) Pattern of Data b) Data

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70

Quiz 5 - Answers

1) You can modify _____ on a chart a) Pattern of Data b) Data

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Quiz 5 - Questions

2) Where can go to modify a chart? a) Chart toolbar

b) Chart Wizard

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Quiz 5 - Answers

2) Where can go to modify a chart? a) Chart toolbar

b) Chart Wizard

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Lesson 6 – Multiple Data Series

In the following section we will address:

• The creation of charts with multiple data series.

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74

Multiple Data Series: definition

Allows to display multiple data series per category

Used to show multiple categories within one overall category

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Multiple Data Series: display

Can appear as:- Side-by-side column chart

- Stacked column chart

The choice depends on the message needed

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Stacked Column chart

0

50

100

150

200

250

2000 2001 2002

shoes

casuals

suits

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76

Side-by-Side Column

Used for comparisons Graphs multi-series

data points along the x-axis

Allows reader to look at each graph individually

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77

Stacked Column Chart

Used for comparisons

Emphasizes data by stacking categories

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Stacked Column chart

0

50

100

150

200

250

2000 2001 2002

shoes

casuals

suits

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78

Multiple Data Series: Rows or Columns

Both row and column charts plot the same information

BUT, the data is grouped differently – it is reversed

Depends on what you would like to emphasize

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79

Multiple Data Series

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Emphasized by

ROW

Emphasized by COLUMN

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80

Graphing Multiple Data Series

In order to graph multiple data series, highlight ALL of the desired Data in your worksheet & follow the instructions in Lesson 3.

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81

Quiz 6 - Questions

1) How do you chose between stacked column chart & side-by-side column?

a) By what your message needs to be

b) By how many rows or columns you have

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82

Quiz 6 - Answers

1) How do you chose between stacked column chart & side-by-side column?

a) By what your message needs to be b) By how many rows or columns you

have

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83

Quiz 6 - Questions

2) True or False: Stack column charts Emphasizes data by stacking categories a) True b) False

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84

Quiz 6 - Answers

2) True or False: Stack column charts emphasizes data by stacking categories a) True b) False

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85

Lesson 7 – Object Linking & Embedding (OLE)

The following section will explain• The basic differences between linking

and embedding a chart to create a compound Word Document.

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Linking chart to document

Done by saving the chart as its own document and linking (connecting) it to a particular “destination”

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Allows for changes to be made simultaneously to many “destinations”

Automatically applies all image file changes to the document in “destination”

Preferable if graph in destinations needs frequent changing

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Embedding

Storing the graph in a specific document “destination”

Does not allow for quick changes Preferable when you will be using the

File with graph on a different computer

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Example of Compound Document

The image on the right gives an approximate example of what an embedded document looks like.

OLE is a very useful tool in creating powerful reports and presentations!

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89

Quiz 7 - Questions

1) OLE stands for a) Object Linking and

Embedding b) Originalite, Liberte, Egalite

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90

Quiz 7 - Answers

1) OLE stands for a) Object Linking and

Embedding b) Originalite, Liberte, Egalite

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91

Quiz 7 - Questions

2) True or False: Embedding allows for quick editing and changes.

a) True b) False

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92

Quiz 7 - Answers

2) True or False: Embedding allows for quick editing and changes.

a) True b) False

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Lesson 8 – Proper Use of Charts

The following section will address the proper uses of the following in charts:

Labeling Adding quantities

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Proper Use of Charts: Proper Labels

Remember to label categories accordingly to avoid creating confusion

For example, if you have 10 pounds of meat and a soda that is 16 ounces be sure to label the unit of measurement (pounds, ounces, kilograms, tons, gallons, liters, etc.)

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Proper Use of Charts: Adding Similar Quantities

Be sure to only compare similar quantities

For example, 2 Liters + 3 Liters = 5 Liters 6 Liters + 4 Gallons = 10 Liters, 10 Gallons

(THIS IS INCORRECT THESE NUMBERS CANNOT BE ADDED!)

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96

Proper Use of Charts: Tips on using charts properly

Include as much information as possible when titling categories

Label everything precisely Add only similar (comparable) quantities Double Check your work!

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97

Quiz 8 - Questions

1) For proper use of charts, you should…

a) Try to use as few numbers in data as

possible b) Include as much information as possible

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Quiz 8 – Answers

Click to Continue You are learning Microsoft Excel

1) For proper of charts, you should… a) Try to use as few numbers in data

as possible b) Include as much information as possible

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99

Quiz 8 - Questions

2) You can add without confusion

a) Similar Quantities b) Kilograms & Pounds

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100

Quiz 8 - Answers

2) You can add without confusion a) Similar Quantities b) Kilograms & Pounds

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Conclusion

What? Use Excel charts to illustrate complex

data, capture attention, emphasize importance.

Where? Use them in your reports, research,

and to help you study.

Why? Helps you organize thoughts clearly and

logically.

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102

Credits

Kenny Cheung Olga Tchistiakova Michelle Rinas

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Chapter Complete!

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