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;/,+$#!F0F!! 513/-#'!+,*#'!+&!0$#+/..(3-!0$#)&+(#!,]#!%FFI0!;,'#'!+&!0,'*#$&#0!BBB0IG!

;/,+$#!F0I!! 513/-#'! +,*#'! +&! 0$#+/..(3-! 0$#)&+(#! ,]#! %FFI0! ;,'#'! +&! '('*&),!.#)((-,+#0!BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB000Id!!;/,+$#!F0G!! 513/-#'! ! +,*#'! ! +&! ! 0$#+/..(3-! 0$#)&+(#! ,]#! %FFI0! ;,'#'! +&! '('*&),!.#-V(-,+#!BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB00IL!!;/,+$#!F0d!! 8&'/)&-!'(-30*(.#!+&!0$5.*(.,'!+&!),-&M#!B!,.*(A(+,+&'!+&!1,'!A,2/&$\,'!+&1!&'*/+(#!0#$!'('*&),!+&!),-&M#0!BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB0B00GF!!Cuadro 5.1. Análisis vertical de los gastos en efectivo ……………………………………………....65

Cuadro 5.2 Análisis vertical de los gastos en efectivo promedio por sistema ……………………….65

Cuadro 5.3 Gastos en efectivo por cuartillo de leche ………………………………………………..69

Cuadro 5.4 Gastos en efectivo por cuartillo de leche promedio por sistema ………………..………69

Cuadro 5.5 Gastos en efectivo por vaca en el hato …………………………………………….…….73

Cuadro 5.6 Gastos en efectivo por vaca en el hato, promedio por Sistema …………………………73

Cuadro 5.7 Algunos gastos en efectivo por vaca por tamaños de hato, año 2005. ………………….74

Cuadro 5.8 Algunos gastos en efectivo por vaca por sistema, año 2005. ………………………..…..74

Cuadro 5.9 Vacas por trabajador …………………………………………………………………….77

Cuadro 5.10 Venta de leche por trabajador y libras de leche por trabajador………………………….77

Cuadro 5.11 Valor de la producción por hora de trabajo…………………………………………..….77

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Cuadro 5.34 Valor presente neto de la inversión inicial a diez años ………BBBBBBBBB0..118

Cuadro 5.35. Valor presente neto de la inversión inicial a cinco años (sin incluir valor del terreno) ..120

Cuadro 5.36. Valor presente neto de la inversión inicial a diez años (sin incluir valor del terreno) ………BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB00……120 ;/,+$#!I0Gd0!!1(V&$&-*&'! A,1#$&'! +&! 1,! $&-*,((1(+,+! 0$#B&.*,+,! 0$#)&+(#! +&! 1,'! A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!+&!0,'*#$&#!0#$!.,)((#'!&-!&1!0$&.(#!+&1!,1()&-*#!.#-.&-*$,+#!B!&-!1,!0$#+/..(3-!+&!1&./&0!BBBB0BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB0:%%!!;/,+$#!I0GL0!!1(V&$&-*&'! A,1#$&'! +&! 1,! $&-*,((1(+,+! 0$#B&.*,+,! 0$#)&+(#! +&! 1,'! A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#!0#$!.,)((#'!&-!&1!0$&.(#!+&1!,1()&-*#!.#-.&-*$,+#!B!&-!1,!0$#+/..(3-!+&!1&./&0!BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB00:%%!!;/,+$#!I0Ge0!!1(V&$&-*&'! A,1#$&'! +&! 1,! $&-*,((1(+,+! 0$#B&.*,+,! 0$#)&+(#! +&! 1,'! A,2/&$\,'!&-! '('*&),! &-! .#-V(-,)(&-*#! 0#$! .,)((#'! &-! &1! 0$&.(#! +&1! ,1()&-*#! .#-.&-*$,+#! B! &-! 1,!0$#+/..(3-!+&!1&./&0!BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB0BBB:%G!!;/,+$#!I0FF0!!;#)0,$,.(3-!+&!$&'/1*,+#'!+&1!,-51('('!+&!'&-'(((1(+,+!&-*$&!1#'!'('*&),'!+&!),-&M#0!BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB00B0:%F!!

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-

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

900.0

198

9 1

990

199

1 1

992

199

3 1

994

199

5 1

996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

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2004

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<-3$&'#!A$/*#!53$\.#1,!:eeF!n!%FFF!

",$,!&1!,]#!V('.,1!%FFFnFI!1,!(-+/'*$(,!1&./&$,!,1.,-$3!/-,!0,$*(.(0,.(3-!+&!%G0FIS!

&-! &1! <-3$&'#! A$/*#! 53$\.#1,0! 6'*,! (-+/'*$(,! &'! *,)((L-! /-,! V/&-*&! ()0#$*,-*&! +&! 1,!

0$#+/..(3-! +&! .,$-&! 1#.,1X! &-! &1! %FF%! '/! ,0#$*&! ,1! )&$.,+#! +&! .,$-&'! V$&'.,'! &'*/A#!

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El mejoramiento en productividad es también explicado por la intensidad con la que usa el

terreno, aunque cada vez es menos el área en pasto por animal, se han hecho mejoras en los forrajes

cultivados, mayor cuidado del suelo y rotación de las áreas en pastoreo. Esta mayor productividad esta

asociada igualmente con las vaquerías de mayor tamaño (medida por cuartillos de leche producidos

diariamente), cuyo número han aumentado en toda la isla, las cuales explotan economías de tamaños en

su operación (González, 1992) aprovechando su habilidad para adquirir mejor tecnología, estructuras e

incentivos gubernamentales.

La distribución de las vaquerías de acuerdo al volumen de producción diario ha evolucionado en

Puerto Rico (Gráfica 1.6). Las vaquerías que producen menos de 200 cuartillos diariamente, así como las

vaquerías que producen de 200 a 499 cuartillos de leche por día, se ha reducido por las razones explicadas

anteriormente. Mientras las vaquerías que producen de 500 a 999 cuartillos de leche diario crecieron

desde 1961 hasta 1970 y desde 1971 empezó a decrecer gradualmente, pero la caída más fuerte empieza

en 1995. Aunque no existen estudios publicados que documenten estos cambios en el tamaño de las

vaquerías, se puede asumir que aún las vaquerías con producción entre los 500 y 999 cuartillos se

tornaron vaquerías pequeñas, de baja eficiencia productiva y con dificultad para mantenerse en el

negocio.

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Vaquerías al Finalizar el Año Fiscal

Región 2000 - 2001 2001 – 2002 2002 - 2003 2003 - 2004 2004 – 2005

Región de Arecibo 249 232 234 234 221

Región de San Juan 18 18 17 17 14

Región de Caguas 52 52 49 43 44

Región de Mayagüez 74 73 74 78 85

Región de Ponce 2 2 1 0 0

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CASOS 1 2 3 4 5 PROMEDIO

Municipio Morovis Morovis Vega Baja Hatillo Isabela

Área Total de la

finca (cuerdas)

278

147

80

135

282

184.4

Terreno Propio Si Si Si Si Si

Terreno en

caminos, edificios

(cuerdas)

10

9

20

5

62

21.2

Pastos Mejorados

(cuerdas)

268

138

60

130

220

163.2

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0

0

0

0

4

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cultivado

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Yerba Estrella,

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Yerba

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17

15

10

9

15

13

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15.76

9.20

6.00

14.44

14.40

11.96

Tamaño del Hato

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429

241

105

281

211

253

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0.62

0.57

0.57

0.46

1.02

0.65

Frecuencia de

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1

1

3

1

1.5

1.5

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Municipio Manatí Hatillo Hatillo Hatillo

Área Total de la finca

(cuerdas)

170

93

72

219

138.5

Terreno Propio Si No No Si

Terreno en caminos,

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50

13

7

39

27.2

Pastos Mejorados

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65

180

111.25

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0

0

30

0

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cultivado

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Yerba Estrella,

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12

15

7

10

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151

312

228

375

266

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Frecuencia de rotación

(días)

1 1 2 3 1.75

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CASOS 10 11 12 PROMEDIO

Municipio Hatillo Hatillo Hatillo

Área Total de la finca

(cuerdas)

85

32

42

53

Terreno Propio Si Si Si

Terreno en caminos,

edificios (cuerdas)

30

7

2

13

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55

25

40

40

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y/o ensilaje (cuerdas)

0

25

40

21.67

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cultivado

Yerba Estrella

Guinea,

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Guinea

Tamaño del Hato

(Vacas)

339

235

370

314

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56

!

61! 0#$.&-*,M&! +&! A,.,'! &-! #$+&]#! &'! /-#! +&! 1#'! 0,$5)&*$#'! +&! 0$#+/..(3-!

()0#$*,-*&'! 0,$,! &901(.,$! &1! A#1/)&-! +&! 0$#+/..(3-0! ?,! A,2/&$\,! ./,*$#! *(&-&! &1!),B#$!

0#$.&-*,M&! +&! A,.,'! &-! #$+&]#! +&-*$#! +&! 1#'! .,'#'! 2/&! 0,'*#$&,-! B! &1! ;,'#! /-#! *(&-&! &1!

'&3/-+#!)5'!(,M#!0#$.&-*,M&!+&!A,.,'!&-!#$+&]#!1#!2/&!&'!0$&#./0,-*&!0#$!./,-*#!&'!&1!/,*#!

)5'!3$,-+&0!6-!0$#)&+(#!1#'!.,'#'!+&!0,'*#$&#!),-*/A(&$#-!dGS!+&!1,'!A,.,'!+&1!/,*#!&-!1,!

1\-&,!+&!#$+&]#!1(3&$,)&-*&!0#$!&-.(),!+&1!dGS!q;/,+$#!F0FR!2/&!&'!&1!0$#)&+(#!+&!A,.,'!

&-! #$+&]#! +&! *#+,'! 1,'! A,2/&$\,'! +&! 1,! ('1,! 0,$,! &1! %FFI! B! 0#$! +&(,M#! +&1! LFS! 2/&! &'! &1!

0#$.&-*,M&!1,!)&*,!$&.#)&-+,+,!0#$!1_<0!

!

;/,+$#!F0F!513/-#'!+,*#'!+&!0$#+/..(3-!0$#)&+(#!,]#!%FFI0!;,'#'!+&!0,'*#$&#0!

CASOS 1 2 3 4 5 Promedio

Vacas en producción 283 169 80 244 169 189

Vacas Horras 146 72 25 37 42 64

Novillas de

reemplazo

106 65 60 209 66

% de vacas en ordeño 66% 70% 76% 87% 80% 76%

Producción de vacas

en ordeño (libras por

vaca por día)

38.4

35.9

37.7

48.5

40.7

40.2

Producción diaria

total (libras)

10,867.2 6,067.1 3,016 11,834 6,878.3 7,732.5

Cuota de Producción

(libras cada 14 días)

176,730

69,311.7

36,550

156,380.2

94,971.9

106,788.78

% de grasa en la leche 2.9% 2.8% 3.1% 2.1% 3.2% 2.8%

% de proteína en la

leche

3.05

3.0%

2.9%

3.0%

3.1%

3%

Días en leche

promedio vacas en

ordeño

168

210

168

194

206

189

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57

;/,+$#!F0I!513/-#'!+,*#'!+&!0$#+/..(3-!0$#)&+(#!,]#!%FFI0!;,'#'!+&!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#0!

CASOS 6 7 8 9 Promedio

Vacas en producción 92 234 198 334 215

Vacas Horras 59 78 30 41 52

Novillas de reemplazo 41 70 132 180

% de vacas en ordeño 61% 75 87 89 78%

Producción de vacas

en ordeño (libras por

vaca por día)

29.6

43.3

35.7

41

40*

Producción diaria total

(libras)

2723.2

10,132.2

7,068.6

13,694

8,404.5

Cuota de Producción

(libras cada 14 días)

57,190

139,750

110,178.9

204,680

102,359.8

% de grasa en la leche 3.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.8

% de proteína en la

leche

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

Días en leche

promedio vacas en

ordeño

196

210

189

251

211

|!"$#)&+(#!'(-!&1!+,*#!+&1!;,'#!G!

!

1&-*$#!+&!1#'!.,'#'!+&!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#!'&!&-./&-*$,-!1#'!.,'#'!.#-!&1!)&-#$!B!&1!

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A,.,'!&-!#$+&]#!q;/,+$#!F0IR0!6'*&!A,1#$!&'!'/0&$(#$!,1!+&!1#'!.,'#'!+&!'('*&),!+&!0,'*#$&#.!

B! &'*5! 0#$! &-.(),! +&1! 0$#)&+(#! +&! 1,! <'1,! B! /-! 0#.#!)5'! .&$.,! +&! 1,!)&*,! +&1! 1_<0! 6-!

0$#)&+(#! 1,'!A,2/&$\,'!+&1!'('*&),!&-!.#-V(-,)(&-*#!&'*5-!&-!&1!LFS!+&!A,.,'!&-!#$+&]#!

q;/,+$#! F0GR.! 0#$! 1#! 2/&! *(&-&-! &1! )&M#$! 0$#)&+(#! &-*$&! '('*&),'! +&! ),-&M#.! )/B! 0#$!

&-.(),!+&1!0$#)&+(#!+&!1,!<'1,!B!&-!&1!A,1#$!+&'&,+#!0,$,!/-,!0$#+/..(3-!&V(.(&-*&0!

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58

;/,+$#!F0G!513/-#'!+,*#'!+&!0$#+/..(3-!0$#)&+(#!,]#!%FFI0!;,'#'!+&!'('*&),!.#-V(-,+#!

CASOS 10 11 12 Promedio

Vacas en producción 271 195 296 254

Vacas Horras 68 40 74 60

Novillas de reemplazo 195 81 200

% de vacas en ordeño 80 83 80 81%

Producción de vacas en ordeño (libras

por vaca por día)

51

38

32.6

40.5

Producción diaria total (libras)

13,821

7,410

9,649.6

10,293.5

Producción cada 14 días (libras)

193,494

103,740

135,094.4

144,109.5

Cuota de Producción (libras cada 14

días)

247,250

112,597.7

172,000

177,282.5

% de grasa en la leche 3.5 0.8 4.2 2.7

% de proteína en la leche

3.1

1.4

3.9

2.8

Días en leche promedio vacas en ordeño

184

198

53

191*

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59

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60

0$5.*(.,'!B!,.*(A(+,+&'!.#-'/1*,+,'!,!1#'!3,-,+&$#'.!,13/-#'!$&'/1*,+#'!0,$&.&-!+(V&$&-.(,'!

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!

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PRÁCTICAS SISTEMA DE

PASTOREO

SISTEMA

COMBINADO

SISTEMA EN

CONFINAMIENTO

Planes de manejo de

nutrientes para las vacas

en producción

Ninguno de los casos

reporto esta práctica.

Los casos 6 y 8 no usan

planes mientras que los

casos 7 y 9 usan planes

que son revisados cada

cierto tiempo por un

especialista.

Todos lo usan y revisan

los planes con

periodicidad.

Manejo del estrés de calor Rotación de las horas de

pastoreo durante el año,

puntos de sombra en los

corrales. Sólo dos casos

tienen rancho de sombra

para ayudar con el estrés

de calor, usan abanicos y

duchan el ganado

Los ranchos de

alimentación están

adecuados con grandes

abanicos.

Rotan horas de pastoreo y

alimentación con TMR.

Los ranchos de

confinamiento tienen

abanicos cada cierta

distancia. Los techos de

los ranchos son

construidos para

aprovechar las corrientes

de aire.

Alimenta según el nivel de

producción

No. Se les brinda

concentrado en sala de

ordeño ad limitum

No, con excepción del

caso 9 que divide el

ganado en ordeño entre

altas y bajas productoras.

Si. Todos preparan

diferentes TMR por

grupos de producción.

Fuente de los reemplazos Todas las vaquerías crían

el 100% de sus

reemplazos. El caso 4

importa el 30% de sus

reemplazos.

En promedio crían el 60%

de los reemplazos y el otro

40% es importado.

En promedio crían el 60%

de los reemplazos y el otro

40% es importado. El caso

9 cría sus reemplazos en

confinamiento también.

Algunas estrategias para la

alimentación

El caso 4 ofrece heno en

los cercados de pastoreo

por las tardes; los demás

no brindan nada más,

excepto los casos 1 y 5 que

brindan ensilaje en los

meses de sequía.

El pastoreo se hace en las

horas más frescas del día;

usan TMR y dan

concentrado ad limitum en

la sala de ordeño.

Son más cuidadosos en la

mezcla de nutrientes que

se usa.

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61

Continuación.

PRÁCTICAS SISTEMA DE

PASTOREO

SISTEMA

COMBINADO

SISTEMA EN

CONFINAMIENTO

Uso de registros y consulta

a especialistas

Pertenece al DHI, usan

tarjeteros, algunos usan el

software que provee del

DHI en la finca. No

consultan mucho a los

agentes agrícolas y

contratan los servicios de

un contador para la

contabilidad del negocio.

Pertenece al DHI, usan

tarjeteros, algunos usan el

software que provee del

DHI en la finca.

Consultan con frecuencia a

los agentes agrícolas y

contratan los servicios de

un contador para la

contabilidad del negocio.

Pertenece al DHI, usan

tarjeteros, Consultan

frecuentemente a los

agentes agrícolas y

contratan los servicios de

un contador para la

contabilidad del negocio.

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65

Cuadro 5.1. A

nálisis vertical de los gastos en efectivo

SistemaCasos

12

34

56

78

910

1112

Alimento concentrado36.12%

37.85%25.72%

29.33%35.96%

36.36%45.98%

34.61%44.10%

37.19%34.36%

33.79%Heno y ensilaje

0.94%0.00%

0.00%4.21%

2.45%9.77%

4.90%6.96%

3.01%12.53%

16.62%15.67%

Otros alimentos0.50%

0.46%0.30%

0.42%1.21%

0.48%0.25%

0.11%0.10%

0.14%0.16%

0.19%Subtotal

37.56%38.30%

26.02%33.96%

39.63%46.61%

51.13%41.68%

47.21%49.85%

51.15%49.65%

Mano de Obra26.57%

21.69%25.79%

16.21%18.66%

17.35%16.23%

13.98%17.88%

18.51%17.66%

14.34%Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Material limpieza

7.40%5.47%

3.75%3.69%

5.17%3.98%

5.85%6.84%

4.90%6.67%

4.63%5.28%

Abono2.49%

1.51%1.61%

1.66%2.04%

0.64%0.00%

0.23%0.59%

0.15%0.00%

0.65%Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria

1.84%3.71%

5.47%2.20%

5.03%4.28%

2.32%2.75%

2.32%2.71%

2.42%2.50%

Reparaciones y Mantenimiento2.98%

2.72%4.88%

5.12%5.31%

5.92%1.88%

3.73%3.24%

2.36%3.59%

4.10%Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo

10.49%11.69%

21.42%24.37%

12.85%11.11%

8.74%19.17%

14.21%14.71%

12.74%18.08%

Arrendamiento (terreno y/0 maquinaria)0.00%

1.62%0.00%

5.26%0.00%

0.00%9.46%

5.77%0.19%

0.00%0.54%

0.00%Otros gastos en efectivo

10.67%13.30%

11.06%7.53%

11.31%10.11%

4.39%5.85%

9.47%5.05%

7.26%5.41%

Total100.0%

100.0%100.0%

100.0%100.0%

100.0%100.0%

100.0%100.0%

100.0%100.0%

100.0%

PastoreoCombinado

Confinamiento

Cuadro 5.2 A

nálisis vertical de los gastos en efectivo promedio por sistem

a

Promedio por Sistem

aPastoreo

Combinado

Confinamiento

Alimento concentrado

33.0%40.3%

35.1%Heno y ensilaje

1.5%6.2%

14.9%Otros alim

entos0.6%

0.2%0.2%

Subtotal35.1%

46.7%50.2%

Mano de O

bra21.8%

16.4%16.8%

Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp

5.1%5.4%

5.5%Abono

1.9%0.4%

0.3%Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria

3.7%2.9%

2.5%Reparaciones y Mantenim

iento4.2%

3.7%3.3%

Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo

16.2%13.3%

15.2%Arrendam

iento (terreno y/0 maquinaria)

1.4%3.9%

0.5%Otros gastos en efectivo

10.8%7.5%

5.9%Total

100%100%

100%

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69

Cuadro 5.3 G

astos en efectivo por cuartillo de leche

SistemaCasos

12

34

56

78

910

1112

Alimento concentrado0.132

$ 0.136

$ 0.094

$ 0.100

$ 0.105

$ 0.206

$ 0.189

$ 0.175

$ 0.181

$ 0.177

$ 0.153

$ 0.192

$ Heno y ensilaje

0.003$

-$

-$

0.014$

0.007$

0.055$

0.020$

0.035$

0.012$

0.059$

0.074$

0.089$

Otros alimentos0.002

$ 0.002

$ 0.001

$ 0.001

$ 0.004

$ 0.003

$ 0.001

$ 0.001

$ 0.000

$ 0.001

$ 0.001

$ 0.001

$ Subtotal

0.137$

0.138$

0.095$

0.116$

0.116$

0.264$

0.210$

0.211$

0.194$

0.237$

0.228$

0.281$

Mano de Obra0.097

$ 0.078

$ 0.094

$ 0.055

$ 0.055

$ 0.098

$ 0.067

$ 0.071

$ 0.073

$ 0.088

$ 0.079

$ 0.081

$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Material limpieza

0.027$

0.020$

0.014$

0.0125$

0.0152$

0.022$

0.024$

0.035$

0.020$

0.032$

0.021$

0.030$

Abono0.009

$ 0.005

$ 0.006

$ 0.006

$ 0.006

$ 0.004

$ -

$ 0.001

$ 0.002

$ 0.001

$ -

$ 0.004

$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria

0.007$

0.013$

0.020$

0.007$

0.015$

0.024$

0.010$

0.014$

0.010$

0.013$

0.011$

0.014$

Reparaciones y Mantenimiento0.011

$ 0.010

$ 0.018

$ 0.017

$ 0.016

$ 0.034

$ 0.008

$ 0.019

$ 0.013

$ 0.011

$ 0.016

$ 0.023

$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo

0.038$

0.042$

0.078$

0.083$

0.038$

0.063$

0.036$

0.097$

0.058$

0.070$

0.057$

0.102$

Arrendamiento (terreno y/0 maquinaria)-

$ 0.006

$ -

$ 0.018

$ -

$ -

$ 0.039

$ 0.029

$ 0.001

$ -

$ 0.002

$ -

$ Otros gastos en efectivo

0.039$

0.048$

0.040$

0.026$

0.033$

0.057$

0.018$

0.030$

0.039$

0.024$

0.032$

0.031$

Gasto total en efectivo por cuartillo de leche0.365

$ 0.360

$ 0.365

$ 0.340

$ 0.293

$ 0.566

$ 0.411

$ 0.507

$ 0.411

$ 0.475

$ 0.445

$ 0.567

$

PastoreoCombinado

Confinamiento

Cuadro 5.4 G

astos en efectivo por cuartillo de leche promedio por sistem

a

Promedio por Sistem

aPastoreo

Combinado

Confinamiento

Alimento concentrado

0.113$

0.188$

0.174$

Heno y ensilaje0.005

$ 0.031

$ 0.074

$ O

tros alimentos

0.002$

0.001$

0.001$

Subtotal0.120

$ 0.220

$ 0.249

$ M

ano

de O

bra

0.076$

0.077$

0.083$

Medicina, G

astos veterinarios y Mat lim

p0.018

$ 0.025

$ 0.027

$ Abono

0.006$

0.002$

0.001$

Operación de vehículo y M

aquinaria0.012

$ 0.014

$ 0.013

$ Reparaciones y M

antenimiento

0.014$

0.018$

0.017$

Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo

0.056$

0.064$

0.076$

Arrendamiento (terreno y/0 m

aquinaria)0.005

$ 0.017

$ 0.001

$ O

tros gastos en efectivo0.037

$ 0.036

$ 0.029

$

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73

Cuadro 5.5 G

astos en efectivo por vaca en el hato

SistemaCasos

12

34

56

78

910

1112

Alimento concentrado567.27

$ 582.57

$ 457.55

$ 713.65

$ 583.77

$ 630.06

$ 1,042.59

$ 923.28

$ 1,122.70

$ 1,222.00

$ 818.72

$ 848.72

$ Heno y ensilaje

14.69$

-$

-$

102.49$

39.81$

169.21$

111.14$

185.70$

76.60$

411.75$

396.06$

393.51$

Otros alimentos7.93

$ 7.01

$ 5.36

$ 10.21

$ 19.70

$ 8.35

$ 5.70

$ 2.86

$ 2.58

$ 4.52

$ 3.83

$ 4.69

$ Subtotal

589.89$

589.58$

462.92$

826.35$

643.28$

807.62$

1,159.43$

1,111.85$

1,201.88$

1,638.27$

1,218.61$

1,246.92$

Mano de Obra417.37

$ 333.80

$ 458.82

$ 394.34

$ 302.82

$ 300.55

$ 368.03

$ 372.95

$ 455.23

$ 608.17

$ 420.81

$ 360.02

$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Material limpieza

116.15$

84.23$

66.72$

89.68$

83.89$

68.87$

132.72$

182.49$

124.80$

219.11$

110.43$

132.70$

Abono39.16

$ 23.24

$ 28.57

$ 40.36

$ 33.18

$ 11.13

$ -

$ 6.14

$ 14.93

$ 4.96

$ -

$ 16.22

$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria

28.83$

57.05$

97.36$

53.59$

81.71$

74.13$

52.52$

73.44$

59.09$

89.16$

57.62$

62.75$

Reparaciones y Mantenimiento46.81

$ 41.81

$ 86.72

$ 124.59

$ 86.19

$ 102.63

$ 42.73

$ 99.61

$ 82.52

$ 77.39

$ 85.54

$ 102.86

$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo

164.78$

179.87$

381.09$

593.12$

208.60$

192.55$

198.21$

511.47$

361.69$

483.27$

303.59$

454.13$

Arrendamiento (terreno y/0 maquinaria)-

$ 24.90

$ -

$ 128.11

$ -

$ -

$ 214.42

$ 153.95

$ 4.80

$ -

$ 12.77

$ -

$ Otros gastos en efectivo

167.58$

204.74$

196.70$

183.24$

183.59$

175.20$

99.50$

156.01$

241.04$

165.83$

173.08$

135.87$

Gasto total en efectivo por vaca en el hato1,570.56

$ 1,539.20

$ 1,778.91

$ 2,433.38

$ 1,623.25

$ 1,732.68

$ 2,267.56

$ 2,667.90

$ 2,545.99

$ 3,286.16

$ 2,382.44

$ 2,511.47

$

PastoreoCombinado

Confinamiento

Cuadro 5.6 G

astos en efectivo por vaca en el hato, promedio por Sistem

a

Promedio por Sistem

aPastoreo

Com

binadoConfinam

ientoAlim

ento concentrado580.96

$ 929.66

$ 963.145

$ H

eno y ensilaje31.397

$ 135.662

$ 400.443

$ O

tros alimentos

10.042$

4.876$

4.346$

Subtotal622.402

$ 1,070.195

$ 1,367.935

$ M

ano

de O

bra

381.431$

374.189$

463.002$

Medicina, G

astos veterinarios y Mat lim

p88.134

$ 127.221

$ 154.080

$ Abono

32.900$

8.050$

7.057$

Operación de vehículo y M

aquinaria63.707

$ 64.796

$ 69.844

$ R

eparaciones y Mantenim

iento77.223

$ 81.873

$ 88.597

$ C

osto anual de Novillas de reem

plazo305.493

$ 315.981

$ 413.661

$ Arrendam

iento (terreno y/0 maquinaria)

30.602$

93.293$

4.255$

Otros gastos en efectivo

187.171$

167.937$

158.259$

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74

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!

Cuadro 5.7 Algunos gastos en efectivo por vaca por tamaños de hato, año 2005.

Promedio por Grupos Grupo 1 Grupo 2 Grupo 3

Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Material de

limpieza $76.55 $93.36 $145.098

Semen y servicio de inseminación $29.910 $48.640 $41.238

Operación de Maquinaria y vehículos de

motor $85.745 $64.679 $58.473

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Cuadro 5.8 Algunos gastos en efectivo por vaca por sistema, año 2005.

Promedio por Sistema Pastoreo Pastoreo y TMR Confinamiento

Gasto total en alimento $662.27 $1,157.72 $1,367.93

Mano de Obra $362.08 $398.73 $463.002

Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Material de limpieza $93.49 $146.67 $154.08

Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria $55.30 $61.68 $69.84

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77

Cuadro 5.9 V

acas por trabajador

CA

SOS

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

Núm

ero de Trabajadores

12 6

4 6

6 4

8 6

11 16

8 9

Núm

ero de Vacas

429 241

105 281

211 151

312 228

375 339

235 370

Vacas por T

rabajador 37

42 26

47 35

37 39

38 34

20 29

41

PR

OM

ED

IO

37.4 37

30

Cuadro 5.10 V

enta de leche por trabajador y libras de leche por trabajador

CASOS1

23

45

67

89

1011

12Venta de Leche Corregida

1,025,762.59$

572,677.80$

284,682.34$

1,117,019.52$

649,247.54$

257,044.75$

956,385.43$

667,210.09$

1,292,586.21$

1,304,573.83$

699,435.07$

911,670.67$

Venta de Leche por Trabajador85,480.22

$ 95,446.30

$ 71,170.59

$ 186,169.92

$ 108,207.92

$ 64,261.19

$ 119,548.18

$ 111,201.68

$ 117,507.84

$ 81,535.86

$ 87,429.38

$ 101,296.74

$ Libras de Leche Producidas 2005

39665282214491.50

1100840.004319410.00

2510579.50993968.00

3698253.002580039.00

4998310.005044665.00

2704650.003525345.20

Libras de Leche Producidas por Trabajador 2005330544.00

369081.92275210.00

719901.67418429.92

248492.00462281.63

430006.50454391.82

315291.56338081.25

391705.02

Cuadro 5.11 V

alor de la producción por hora de trabajo

Horas de Trabajo Combinado 20051

23

45

67

89

1011

12Horas Pagadas

2433612480

686411960

107127488

141969464

2288028236

1383214560

Horas Familiares No Pagadas1040

37444368

10403744

62401040

37443744

10403744

3744Horas Ocasionales

00

00

0112

00

00

0120

Total de Horas25376

1622411232

1300014456

1384015236

1320826624

2927617576

18424Total de Ingresos Corregido

1,204,491.32$

621,068.12$

311,266.71$

1,189,890.48$

693,372.17$

283,990.16$

1,017,422.98$

730,694.45$

1,387,133.72$

1,382,211.35$

748,886.84$

986,353.38$

Valor d ela Producción por Hora47.47

$ 38.28

$ 27.71

$ 91.53

$ 47.96

$ 20.52

$ 66.78

$ 55.32

$ 52.10

$ 47.21

$ 42.61

$ 53.54

$

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CASOS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Horas Anuales 2260 1440 1024 4136 2176 2140 3068 3834 4080 5300 2000 3416

Gasto por hora $5.47 $9.55 $9.98 $3.64 $7.92 $5.23 $5.34 $4.37 $5.43 $5.70 $6.77 $6.80

Promedio por sistema Pastoreo

$7.31

Combinado

$5.09

Confinamiento

$6.42

Libras de leche por

hora de uso de

maquinaria al año

1755 1537 1075 1044 1153 464 1205 673 1225 951 1352 1032

Promedio por sistema Pastoreo

1312

Combinado

1034*

Confinamiento

1111

Venta de leche por

hora de uso de

maquinaria al año

$453 $397 $278 $270 $298 $120 $311 $174 $316 $264 $349 $266

Promedio por sistema $339 $230 $287

|!"$#)&+(#!'(-!(-.1/($!;,'#!G0!

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CASOS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Horas hombre 2464 364 557 794 434 701.3 1456 1820 1224 2570 872 1470

Horas

Máquina 462 0 192 392 252 216 1456 1820 612 2570 144 1470

Valor total $18,470.69 $8186 $4559 $7115 $4695 $6681 $18139 $13583 $12795 $25687 $6116 $19382

Promedio

horas hombre

por sistema de

manejo

Pastoreo

922.6

Sistema Combinado

1300.3

Sistema Confinamiento

1637.3

Promedio

horas

máquina por

sistema de

manejo

Pastoreo

259.6

Sistema Combinado

1026

Sistema Confinamiento

1394.6

Valor

Promedio de

gasto en

manejo de

desechos por

Sistema de

Manejo

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$8,605.35

Sistema Combinado

$12799.5

Sistema Confinamiento

$17,061.6

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INGRESOS Y GASTOS CASOS DE PASTOREOINGRESOS Caso 1 Caso 2 Caso 3 Caso 4 Caso 5

Ingresos en EfectivoVenta de leche 1,025,762.59$ 485,213.33$ 252,753.86$ 1,063,248.95$ 640,486.23$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 73,658.73$ 42,587.12$ 20,781.17$ 65,133.36$ 42,324.63$

Subtotal 1,099,421.32$ 527,800.45$ 273,535.03$ 1,128,382.31$ 682,810.86$ Ingresos No Efectivos 105,070.00$ 5,803.20$ 5,803.20$ 7,737.60$ 1,800.00$

TOTAL INGRESOS 1,204,491.32$ 533,603.65$ 279,338.23$ 1,136,119.91$ 684,610.86$ GASTOS

Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 243,360.00$ 140,400.00$ 48,043.13$ 200,535.56$ 123,175.20$ Heno y ensilaje 6,300.00$ -$ -$ 28,800.00$ 8,400.00$ Otros alimentos 3,400.90$ 1,689.19$ 563.06$ 2,868.29$ 4,156.95$ Mano de Obra 179,053.48$ 80,445.29$ 48,175.92$ 110,810.67$ 63,894.97$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 49,827.60$ 20,300.00$ 7,006.00$ 25,200.00$ 17,700.00$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 21,000.00$ 16,144.00$ 3,500.00$ 16,000.00$ 7,800.00$ Abono 16,800.00$ 5,600.00$ 3,000.00$ 11,340.00$ 7,000.00$ Utilidades 32,368.20$ 9,000.00$ 9,420.00$ 18,380.00$ 16,200.00$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 12,368.40$ 13,748.40$ 10,223.32$ 15,057.48$ 17,240.20$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 20,079.82$ 10,075.30$ 9,106.10$ 35,009.37$ 18,185.77$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 6,000.00$ -$ 36,000.00$ -$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 70,691.40$ 43,348.50$ 40,014.00$ 166,667.40$ 44,015.40$ Seguros 1,368.28$ 13,000.00$ 2,777.00$ 1,500.00$ 2,700.00$ Gastos Misceláneos 17,153.75$ 11,197.70$ 4,957.00$ 15,610.85$ 12,038.30$

Subtotal Gastos 673,771.83$ 370,948.38$ 186,785.53$ 683,779.62$ 342,506.79$ Gastos no Efectivos

Depreciación 19,492.25$ 6,746.79$ 6,746.79$ 19,429.25$ 15,550.44$ Otros gastos no efectivos 925.18$ -$ -$ 1,619.07$ -$

INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 425,649.49$ 156,852.07$ 86,749.50$ 444,602.69$ 340,304.07$ % GASTOS EN EFECTIVO SOBRE INGRESO 55.94% 69.52% 66.87% 60.19% 50.03%INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 510,302.06$ 155,908.48$ 85,805.91$ 431,291.97$ 326,553.63$ RAZON OPERACIONAL 56.02% 69.52% 66.87% 60.33% 50.03%MARGEN DE GANANCIA OPERACIONAL 41.5% 25.5% 23.3% 37.0% 44.8%

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INGRESOS Caso 1 Caso 2 Caso 3 Caso 4 Caso 5Ingresos en EfectivoVenta de leche 2,391.05$ 2,013.33$ 2,407.18$ 3,783.80$ 3,035.48$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 171.70$ 176.71$ 197.92$ 231.79$ 200.59$

Subtotal 2,562.75$ 2,190.04$ 2,605.10$ 4,015.60$ 3,236.07$ Ingresos No Efectivos 244.92$ 24.08$ 55.27$ 27.54$ 8.53$

TOTAL INGRESOS 2,807.67$ 2,214.12$ 2,660.36$ 4,043.13$ 3,244.60$ GASTOS

Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 567.27$ 582.57$ 457.55$ 713.65$ 583.77$ Heno y ensilaje 14.69$ -$ -$ 102.49$ 39.81$ Otros alimentos 7.93$ 7.01$ 5.36$ 10.21$ 19.70$ Mano de Obra 417.37$ 333.80$ 458.82$ 394.34$ 302.82$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 116.15$ 84.23$ 66.72$ 89.68$ 83.89$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 48.95$ 66.99$ 33.33$ 56.94$ 36.97$ Abono 39.16$ 23.24$ 28.57$ 40.36$ 33.18$ Utilidades 75.45$ 37.34$ 89.71$ 65.41$ 76.78$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 28.83$ 57.05$ 97.36$ 53.59$ 81.71$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 46.81$ 41.81$ 86.72$ 124.59$ 86.19$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 24.90$ -$ 128.11$ -$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 164.78$ 179.87$ 381.09$ 593.12$ 208.60$ Seguros 3.19$ 53.94$ 26.45$ 5.34$ 12.80$ Gastos Misceláneos 39.99$ 46.46$ 47.21$ 55.55$ 57.05$

Subtotal Gastos 1,570.56$ 1,539.20$ 1,778.91$ 2,433.38$ 1,623.25$ Gastos no Efectivos

Depreciación 45.44$ 27.99$ 64.26$ 69.14$ 73.70$ Otros gastos no efectivos 2.16$ -$ -$ 5.76$ -$

Total Gastos 1,618.16$ 1,567.20$ 1,843.16$ 2,508.28$ 1,696.95$ INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 992.19$ 650.84$ 826.19$ 1,582.22$ 1,612.82$ INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 1,189.52$ 646.92$ 817.20$ 1,534.85$ 1,547.65$

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INGRESOS Caso 6 Caso 7 Caso 8 Caso 9Ingresos en Efectivo

Venta de leche 257,044.75$ 942,651.77$ 667,210.09$ 1,292,586.21$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 23,477.41$ 57,917.55$ 44,369.16$ 78,531.11$

Subtotal 280,522.16$ 1,000,569.32$ 711,579.25$ 1,371,117.32$ Ingresos No Efectivos 3,468.00$ 3,120.00$ 19,115.20$ 16,016.40$

TOTAL INGRESOS 283,990.16$ 1,003,689.32$ 730,694.45$ 1,387,133.72$ GASTOS

Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 95,139.00$ 325,287.09$ 210,508.28$ 421,012.90$ Heno y ensilaje 25,550.00$ 34,675.00$ 42,340.00$ 28,725.50$ Otros alimentos 1,261.26$ 1,779.28$ 653.15$ 968.47$ Mano de Obra 45,383.40$ 114,824.87$ 85,032.21$ 170,710.64$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 10,400.00$ 41,410.15$ 41,607.00$ 46,800.00$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 4,000.00$ 9,110.00$ 10,033.00$ 19,800.00$ Abono 1,680.00$ -$ 1,400.00$ 5,600.00$ Utilidades 14,400.00$ 9,650.00$ 9,607.00$ 37,200.00$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 11,192.96$ 16,387.32$ 16,744.00$ 22,160.40$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 15,497.40$ 13,331.56$ 22,712.14$ 30,944.13$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 66,900.00$ 35,100.00$ 1,800.00$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 29,075.30$ 61,841.50$ 116,615.40$ 135,633.60$ Seguros 174.08$ 395.00$ 3,166.00$ 15,000.00$ Gastos Misceláneos 7,881.40$ 11,888.05$ 12,763.30$ 18,390.65$

Subtotal Gastos 261,634.80$ 707,479.82$ 608,281.48$ 954,746.29$ Gastos no Efectivos

Depreciación 6,746.79$ 15,550.44$ 15,550.44$ 19,492.25$ Otros gastos no efectivos -$ -$ -$ -$

Total Gastos 268,381.59$ 723,030.26$ 623,831.92$ 974,238.54$ INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 18,887.37$ 293,089.50$ 103,297.77$ 416,371.03$ % GASTOS EN EFECTIVO SOBRE INGRESO 92.13% 70.49% 83.25% 68.83%INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 15,608.58$ 280,659.06$ 106,862.53$ 412,895.18$ RAZON OPERACIONAL 92.13% 70.49% 83.25% 68.83%MARGEN DE GANANCIA OPERACIONAL -3.8% 26.9% 11.9% 28.3%

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INGRESOS Caso 6 Caso 7 Caso 8 Caso 9Ingresos en EfectivoVenta de leche 1,702.28$ 3,021.32$ 2,926.36$ 3,446.90$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 155.48$ 185.63$ 194.60$ 209.42$

Subtotal 1,857.76$ 3,206.95$ 3,120.96$ 3,656.31$ Ingresos No Efectivos 22.97$ 10.00$ 83.84$ 42.71$

TOTAL INGRESOS 1,880.73$ 3,216.95$ 3,204.80$ 3,699.02$ GASTOS

Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 630.06$ 1,042.59$ 923.28$ 1,122.70$ Heno y ensilaje 169.21$ 111.14$ 185.70$ 76.60$ Otros alimentos 8.35$ 5.70$ 2.86$ 2.58$ Mano de Obra 300.55$ 368.03$ 372.95$ 455.23$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 68.87$ 132.72$ 182.49$ 124.80$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 26.49$ 29.20$ 44.00$ 52.80$ Abono 11.13$ -$ 6.14$ 14.93$ Utilidades 95.36$ 30.93$ 42.14$ 99.20$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 74.13$ 52.52$ 73.44$ 59.09$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 102.63$ 42.73$ 99.61$ 82.52$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 214.42$ 153.95$ 4.80$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 192.55$ 198.21$ 511.47$ 361.69$ Seguros 1.15$ 1.27$ 13.89$ 40.00$ Gastos Misceláneos 52.19$ 38.10$ 55.98$ 49.04$

Subtotal Gastos 1,732.68$ 2,267.56$ 2,667.90$ 2,545.99$ Gastos no Efectivos

Depreciación 44.68$ 49.84$ 68.20$ 51.98$ Otros gastos no efectivos -$ -$ -$ -$

Total Gastos 1,777.36$ 2,317.40$ 2,736.10$ 2,597.97$ INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 125.08$ 939.39$ 453.06$ 1,110.32$ INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 103.37$ 899.55$ 468.70$ 1,101.05$

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INGRESOS Caso 10 Caso 11 Caso 12Ingresos en Efectivo

Venta de leche 1,304,573.83$ 699,435.07$ 911,670.67$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 74,637.52$ 45,489.13$ 64,065.11$

Subtotal 1,379,211.35$ 744,924.20$ 975,735.78$ Ingresos No Efectivos 3,000.00$ 3,962.64$ 10,617.60$

TOTAL INGRESOS 1,382,211.35$ 748,886.84$ 986,353.38$ GASTOS

Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 414,256.31$ 192,398.50$ 314,028.00$ Heno y ensilaje 139,584.30$ 93,075.00$ 145,600.00$ Otros alimentos 1,531.53$ 900.90$ 1,734.23$ Mano de Obra 206,171.26$ 98,889.56$ 133,208.64$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 74,279.00$ 25,950.00$ 49,100.00$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 11,526.00$ 9,000.00$ -$ Abono 1,680.00$ -$ 6,000.00$ Utilidades 29,934.61$ 20,400.00$ 25,800.00$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 30,226.56$ 13,539.60$ 23,218.56$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 26,236.03$ 20,101.86$ 38,057.32$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 3,000.00$ -$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 163,827.30$ 71,342.90$ 168,028.00$ Seguros 1,200.00$ 742.60$ 1,264.00$ Gastos Misceláneos 13,555.80$ 10,531.50$ 23,206.60$

Subtotal Gastos 1,114,008.70$ 559,872.42$ 929,245.35$ Gastos no Efectivos

Depreciación 19,492.25$ 15,550.44$ 19,492.25$ Otros gastos no efectivos -$ -$ -$

Total Gastos 1,133,500.95$ 575,422.86$ 948,737.60$ INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 265,202.65$ 185,051.78$ 46,490.43$ % GASTOS EN EFECTIVO SOBRE INGRESO 80.60% 74.76% 94.21%INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 248,710.40$ 173,463.98$ 37,615.78$ RAZON OPERACIONAL 80.60% 74.76% 94.21%MARGEN DE GANANCIA OPERACIONAL 17.2% 20.5% 1.8%

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!

Los resultados sobre la generación de ingreso bruto promedio por sistema son coherentes con

hallazgos de trabajos anteriores, en cuanto se identifica al SP con el menor ingreso promedio. Winsten et

al., 2000b, hallaron que vaquerías de Vermont y Pensylvania en SCF tenían un ingreso bruto promedio

mayor dos veces que fincas de los mismos estados en pastoreo intensivo y pastoreo más TMR. Los

autores explican este resultado como un efecto del tamaño del hato de las vaquerías en SCF que son dos

veces más grandes que las vaquerías que pastorean. Tozer et al., 2003, hallaron mayor nivel de ingreso en

los hatos de SCF con respecto a vaquerías que pastorean o combinan el pastoreo y el uso de TMR, y

explican este resultado por el mayor nivel de producción por vaca. Este resultado también es respaldado

por White et al., 2002.

!

2 Este promedio no incluye el Caso 6. Lo mismo va a suceder con todos los indicadores que siguen. La intención de este cambio es no afectar los resultados del sistema combinado por los valores del Caso 6 que posee problemas de rentabilidad.

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INGRESOS Caso 10 Caso 11 Caso 12Ingresos en EfectivoVenta de leche 3,848.30$ 2,976.32$ 2,463.97$ Otros Ingresos en efectivo 220.17$ 193.57$ 173.15$

Subtotal 4,068.47$ 3,169.89$ 2,637.12$ Ingresos No Efectivos 8.85$ 16.86$ 28.70$

TOTAL INGRESOS 4,077.32$ 3,186.75$ 2,665.82$ GASTOS

Gastos en EfectivoAlimentoAlimento concentrado 1,222.00$ 818.72$ 848.72$ Heno y ensilaje 411.75$ 396.06$ 393.51$ Otros alimentos 4.52$ 3.83$ 4.69$ Mano de Obra 608.17$ 420.81$ 360.02$ Medicina, Gastos veterinarios y Mat limp 219.11$ 110.43$ 132.70$ Semen y Servicio de inseminacion 34.00$ 38.30$ -$ Abono 4.96$ -$ 16.22$ Utilidades 88.30$ 86.81$ 69.73$ Operación de vehículo y Maquinaria 89.16$ 57.62$ 62.75$ Reparaciones y Mantenimiento 77.39$ 85.54$ 102.86$ Arrendamiento (terreno y/o maquinaria) -$ 12.77$ -$ Costo anual de Novillas de reemplazo 483.27$ 303.59$ 454.13$ Seguros 3.54$ 3.16$ 3.42$ Gastos Misceláneos 39.99$ 44.81$ 62.72$

Subtotal Gastos 3,286.16$ 2,382.44$ 2,511.47$ Gastos no Efectivos

Depreciación 57.50$ 66.17$ 52.68$ Otros gastos no efectivos -$ -$ -$

Total Gastos 3,343.66$ 2,448.61$ 2,564.16$ INGRESO NETO EN EFECTIVO 782.31$ 787.45$ 125.65$ INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL 733.66$ 738.14$ 101.66$

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CASOS 1 2 3 4 5 PROMEDIO

Producción

2005 (Libras)

3,966,528 2,214,491 1,100,840 4,319,410 2,510,579 2,822,369

Tamaño del

Hato

429 241 105 281 211 253

Total

Ingresos por

vaca

$2,807.7 $2,214.1 $2,660.4 $4,043.1 $3,244.6 $2,994

Total Gastos

por vaca

$1,618.2 $1,567.2 $1,843.2 $2,508.3 $1,697 $1,846.8

Ingreso Neto

Operacional

por vaca

$1,189.52 $646.92 $817.20 $1,534.85 $1,547.65 $1,147.23

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CASOS 7 8 9 PROMEDIO

Producción 2005 (libras) 3,698,253 2,580,039 4,998,310 3,758,867

Tamaño del Hato 312 228 375 305

Total Ingresos por vaca $3,216.9 $3,204.8 $3,699 $3,373.6

Total Gastos por vaca $2,317.4 $2,736.1 $2,598 $2,550.5

Ingreso Neto Operacional por vaca $899.55 $468.7 $1,101.05 $823.1

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CASOS 10 11 12 PROMEDIO

Producción 2005 (Libras) 5,044,665 2,704,650 3,525,345 3,758,220

Tamaño del Hato 339 235 370 314

Total Ingresos por vaca $4,077.3 $3,186.7 $2,665.8 $3,309.9

Total Gastos por vaca $3,343.6 $2,448.6 $2,564.1 $2,785.4

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;/,+$#!I0%G!4,1#$!+&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!B!+&!1,!$&*$((/.(3-!,!1,!(-A&$'(3-!&-!A,2/&$\,'!+&!'('*&),!+&!0,'*#$&#!

VALOR DE LA INVERSION 1 2 3 4 5Edificios y Estructuras 166,426.68$ 58,476.80$ 75,062.18$ 342,808.89$ 147,576.74$ Maquinaria y equipo 135,644.32$ 108,433.36$ 72,513.36$ 157,431.28$ 128,539.44$ Ganado 505,009.57$ 259,933.36$ 128,556.61$ 349,959.97$ 296,584.05$ Terreno 1,946,000.00$ 1,029,000.00$ 560,000.00$ 945,000.00$ 1,974,000.00$ Pastos mejorados 25,157.16$ 12,954.06$ 5,632.20$ 12,203.10$ 20,651.40$ Valor de Cuota 1,644,000.00$ 644,760.00$ 340,000.00$ 1,454,700.00$ 883,460.00$ TOTAL 4,422,237.73$ 2,113,557.58$ 1,181,764.35$ 3,262,103.24$ 3,450,811.63$ Retribución a la Inversión (6.75%) 298,501.05$ 142,665.14$ 79,769.09$ 220,191.97$ 232,929.79$ Tamaño del Hato 429.00$ 241 105 281 211Total Inversión por Vaca 10,308.25$ 8,769.95$ 11,254.90$ 11,608.91$ 16,354.56$ Promedio Inversión total 2,886,094.91$ Promedio Inversión Edificios y Estructuras 158,070.26$ Promedio Inversión Maquinaria y Equipos 120,512.35$ Promedio Inversión Ganado 308,008.71$ Promedio Inversión Terreno 1,290,800.00$ Promedio Inversión por vaca 11,659.31$

CASOS PASTOREO

;/,+$#!I0%F!4,1#$!+&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!B!+&!1,!$&*$((/.(3-!,!1,!(-A&$'(3-!+&!A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#!

VALOR DE LA INVERSION 6 7 8 9Edificios y Estructuras 146,921.13$ 106,481.61$ 181,143.36$ 308,903.89$ Maquinaria y equipo 86,332.32$ 101,450.64$ 159,648.64$ 134,116.72$ Ganado 187,264.19$ 431,373.14$ 313,393.52$ 496,172.69$ Terreno 1,190,000.00$ -$ -$ 1,533,000.00$ Pastos mejorados 11,264.40$ 7,509.60$ 6,101.55$ 16,986.60$ Valor de Cuota 532,000.00$ 1,300,000.00$ 1,024,920.00$ 1,904,000.00$ TOTAL 2,153,782.04$ 1,946,814.99$ 1,685,207.07$ 4,393,179.90$ Retribución a la Inversión (6.75%) 145,380.29$ 131,410.01$ 113,751.48$ 296,539.64$ Tamaño del Hato 151 312 228 375Total Inversión por Vaca 14,263.46$ 6,239.79$ 7,391.26$ 11,715.15$ Promedio Inversión total 2,544,746.00$ Promedio Inversión Edificios y Estructuras 185,862.50$ Promedio Inversión Maquinaria y Equipos 120,387.08$ Promedio Inversión Ganado 357,050.89$ Promedio Inversión Terreno 680,750.00$ Promedio Inversión por vaca 9,902.41$

CASOS DE SISTEMA COMBINADO

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;/,+$#!I0%I!4,1#$!+&!1,! (-A&$'(3-!B!$&*$((/.(3-!,!1,! (-A&$'(3-!+&!A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!+&!.#-V(-,)(&-*#!*#*,1!

VALOR DE LA INVERSION 10 11 12Edificios y Estructuras 220,289.07$ 135,191.81$ 333,563.95$ Maquinaria y equipo 167,851.44$ 174,439.84$ 236,776.88$ Ganado 534,226.52$ 336,705.80$ 606,416.25$ Terreno 595,000.00$ 224,000.00$ 294,000.00$ Pastos mejorados 5,162.85$ 2,346.75$ 3,754.80$ Valor de Cuota 2,300,000.00$ 1,047,420.00$ 1,600,000.00$ TOTAL 3,822,529.88$ 1,920,104.20$ 3,074,511.88$ Retribución a la Inversión (6.75%) 258,020.77$ 129,607.03$ 207,529.55$ Tamaño del Hato 339 235 370Total Inversión por Vaca 11,275.90$ 8,170.66$ 8,309.49$ Promedio Inversión total 2,939,048.65$ Promedio Inversión Edificios y Estructuras 229,681.61$ Promedio Inversión Maquinaria y Equipos 193,022.72$ Promedio Inversión Ganado 492,449.52$ Promedio Inversión Terreno 371,000.00$ Promedio Inversión por vaca 9,252.02$

CASOS DE CONFINAMIENTO

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Gasto Total $1,618.16 $1,567.20 $1,843.16 $2,508.28 $1,696.95 $1,846.75

Remuneración

Mano de obra

Familiar por

vaca

$ 24.24

$ 81.85

$ 197.82

$ 37.01

$ 94.64

$ 87.31

Retribución a la

Inversión por

vaca

$ 695.8

$ 592

$ 759.7

$ 783.6

$ 828.93

$ 732

Costo Total por

vaca

$2,338.2

$2,241

$2,800.7

$3,328.9

$2,620.5

$2,666

Ingreso Bruto

por vaca

$2,807.67

$2,214.12

$2,660.36

$4,043.13

$3,244.60

$2,999.98

Ingreso Neto

por vaca

$ 469.47

($ 26.9)

($ 140.34)

$ 714.23

$ 624.1

$ 328.1

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;/,+$#!I0%d!;51./1#!+&1!.#'*#!*#*,1!0#$!A,.,!&!(-3$&'#!-&*#!0#$!A,.,!+&!A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#!Casos 7 8 9 PROMEDIO

Gasto Total por

vaca

$2,267.56 $2,667.90 $2,545.99 $2,493.8

Remuneración

Mano de obra

Familiar

$ 33.33

$ 87.58

$ 53.25

$58.05

Retribución a la

Inversión

$ 421.2

$ 498.9

$ 790.8

$570.3

Costo Total por

vaca

$2,722.1 $3,254.4 $3,390.1 $3,122.2

Ingreso Bruto $3,216.95 $3,204.80 $3,699.02 $3,373.6

Ingreso Neto $494.85 ($ 49.6) $308.92 $251.4

;/,+$#!I0%L!;51./1#!+&1!.#'*#!*#*,1!0#$!A,.,!&!(-3$&'#!-&*#!0#$!A,.,!+&!A,2/&$\,'!&-!'('*&),!+&!.#-V(-,)(&-*#!*#*,1!Casos 10 11 12 PROMEDIO

Gasto Total $3,343.66 $2,448.61 $2,564.16 $2,785.47

Remuneración

Mano de obra

Familiar

$ 30.68

$ 84.97

$ 53.97

$ 56.54

Retribución a la

Inversión

$ 761.12

$ 551.52

$ 560.90

$ 624.51

Costo Total por

vaca

$4,135.5 $3,085.1 $3,179 $3,466.5

Ingreso Bruto $4,077.32 $3,186.75 $2,665.82 $3,309.96

Ingreso Neto ($ 58.2) $101.7 ($ 513.2) $ 21.75*

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112

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INGRESO BRUTO $1,204,491.32

$ 533,603.65

$ 279,338.23

$1,136,119.91

$ 684,610.86

TOTAL ACTIVOS

PROMEDIO

$4,455,253.63 $2,131,567.81

$1,197,933.96

$3,303,134.91 $3,479,962.07

RAZÓN DE INGRESO

SOBRE ACTIVO

27% 25% 23.3% 34.4% 19.7%

PROMEDIO 25.9%

INGRESO NETO

OPERACIONAL

$ 510,302.06

$ 155,908.48

$ 85,805.91

$ 431,291.97

$ 326,553.63

REMUNERACION A

MANO DE OBRA

FAMILIAR

$ 10,400.00

$ 19,968.00

$ 20,771.40

$ 10,400.00

$ 19,968.00

TASA DE RETORNO

SOBRE ACTIVO

11.228% 6.37% 5.43% 12.74% 8.81%

PROMEDIO 8.91%

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;/,+$#!I0GF!8,$3-!+&!(-3$&'#!'#($&!,.*(A#!B!*,',!+&!$&*#$-#!'#($&!,.*(A#'!&-!A,2/&$\,'!+&!'('*&),!.#)((-,+#!CASOS 6 7 8 9

INGRESO BRUTO $ 283,990.16 $1,003,689.32 $ 730,694.45 $1,387,133.72

TOTAL ACTIVOS PROMEDIO $2,175,497.41 $1,965,174.91 $1,712,547.11 $4,424,624.31

RAZÓN DE INGRESO SOBRE ACTIVO 13% 51% 42.7% 31.3%

PROMEDIO 41.67%*

INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL $ 15,608.58 $ 280,659.06 $ 106,862.53 $ 412,895.18

REMUNERACION A MANO DE OBRA

FAMILIAR

$ 26,395.20 $ 10,400.00 $ 19,968.00 $ 19,968.00

TASA DE RETORNO SOBRE ACTIVO -0.49% 13.75% 5.07% 8.91%

PROMEDIO 9.24%*

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INGRESO BRUTO $1,382,211.35 $ 748,886.84 $ 986,353.38

TOTAL ACTIVOS PROMEDIO $3,852,692.80 $1,943,602.66 $3,117,052.70

RAZON DE INGRESO SOBRE ACTIVO 35.9% 38.53% 31.64%

PROMEDIO 35.35%

INGRESO NETO OPERACIONAL $ 248,710.40 $ 173,463.98 $ 37,615.78

REMUNERACION A MANO DE OBRA FAMILIAR $ 10,400.00 $ 19,968.00 $ 19,968.00

TASA DE RETORNO SOBRE ACTIVO 6.18% 7.9% 0.57%

PROMEDIO 7.04%*

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34.4%

22.36%

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118

Cuadro 5.33 V

alor presente neto de la inversión inicial a cinco años

CA

SO

SIN

VE

RS

IÓN

F

EN

1F

EN

2F

EN

3F

EN

4F

EN

5N

PV

1(5

,197,7

74.0

7)

$

425,6

49.4

9$

450,3

53.5

6$

476,0

70.4

9$

502,8

41.8

1$

530,7

10.7

6$

($3,0

37,3

99.0

1)

2(2

,514,2

45.9

7)

$

156,8

52.0

7$

166,4

50.9

1$

176,4

43.3

0$

186,8

45.3

7$

197,6

73.9

3$

($1,6

76,5

53.2

8)

3(1

,497,1

22.5

5)

$

86,7

49.5

0$

92,1

62.4

6$

97,7

97.3

4$

103,6

63.2

6$

109,7

69.6

8$

($1,0

26,3

00.7

2)

4(4

,320,0

65.7

6)

$

444,6

02.6

9$

468,7

03.6

1$

493,7

92.6

7$

519,9

10.3

8$

547,0

98.9

2$

($2,1

46,4

38.5

8)

5(4

,135,9

88.9

3)

$

340,3

04.0

7$

357,0

33.9

7$

374,4

49.7

9$

392,5

79.6

6$

411,4

52.8

5$

($2,4

32,7

43.8

8)

6(2

,689,8

03.9

9)

$

18,8

87.3

7$

21,9

23.7

5$

25,0

84.6

2$

28,3

75.0

8$

31,8

00.4

6$

($2,4

23,8

50.6

8)

7(2

,387,7

31.4

6)

$

293,0

89.5

1$

311,9

35.9

7$

331,5

55.1

4$

351,9

78.6

9$

373,2

39.6

1$

($961,6

80.2

6)

8(2

,355,8

14.8

1)

$

103,2

97.7

7$

112,8

28.0

0$

122,7

48.9

8$

133,0

76.7

1$

143,8

27.8

8$

($1,7

35,7

38.8

6)

9(5

,387,9

03.9

9)

$

416,3

71.0

3$

440,9

54.4

6$

466,5

45.8

2$

493,1

86.4

1$

520,9

19.2

8$

($3,2

52,2

91.8

2)

10

(4,5

78,2

96.1

5)

$

265,2

02.6

5$

284,1

67.1

9$

303,9

09.2

8$

324,4

60.8

0$

345,8

54.9

2$

($3,1

20,6

75.7

3)

11

(2,4

83,6

67.7

2)

$

185,0

51.7

8$

196,9

31.3

4$

209,2

97.9

6$

222,1

71.6

1$

235,5

73.0

8$

($1,5

21,7

11.5

4)

12

(4,1

56,2

57.0

5)

$

46,4

90.4

2$

54,5

81.9

6$

63,0

05.2

4$

71,7

73.8

8$

80,9

02.0

4$

($3,6

52,8

18.9

1)

Cuadro 5.34 V

alor presente neto de la inversión inicial a diez años

CASOSINVERSIÓN

FEN 1FEN 2

FEN 3FEN 4

FEN 5FEN 6

FEN 7FEN 8

FEN 9FEN 10

NPV1

(5,197,774.07)$

425,649.49$

450,353.56$

476,070.49$

502,841.81$

530,710.76$

559,722.34$

589,923.39$

621,362.68$

654,090.99$

688,161.15$

($1,312,241.86)

2(2,514,245.97)

$ 156,852.07

$ 166,450.91

$ 176,443.30

$ 186,845.37

$ 197,673.93

$ 208,946.47

$ 220,681.17

$ 232,897.00

$ 245,613.68

$ 258,851.74

$ ($1,030,046.72)

3(1,497,122.55)

$ 86,749.50

$ 92,162.46

$ 97,797.34

$ 103,663.26

$ 109,769.68

$ 116,126.46

$ 122,743.87

$ 129,632.59

$ 136,803.76

$ 144,268.94

$ ($666,472.20)

4(4,320,065.76)

$ 444,602.69

$ 468,703.61

$ 493,792.67

$ 519,910.38

$ 547,098.92

$ 575,402.19

$ 604,865.89

$ 635,537.61

$ 667,466.86

$ 700,705.21

$ ($381,544.92)

5(4,135,988.93)

$ 340,304.07

$ 357,033.97

$ 374,449.79

$ 392,579.66

$ 411,452.85

$ 431,099.85

$ 451,552.37

$ 472,843.45

$ 495,007.46

$ 518,080.19

$ ($1,119,260.93)

6(2,689,803.99)

$ 18,887.37

$ 21,923.75

$ 25,084.62

$ 28,375.08

$ 31,800.46

$ 35,366.27

$ 39,078.29

$ 42,942.50

$ 46,965.14

$ 51,152.70

$ ($2,305,058.90)

7(2,387,731.46)

$ 293,089.51

$ 311,935.97

$ 331,555.14

$ 351,978.69

$ 373,239.61

$ 395,372.23

$ 418,412.28

$ 442,396.98

$ 467,365.04

$ 493,356.80

$ $266,183.98

8(2,355,814.81)

$ 103,297.77

$ 112,828.00

$ 122,748.98

$ 133,076.71

$ 143,827.88

$ 155,019.85

$ 166,670.69

$ 178,799.22

$ 191,425.01

$ 204,568.47

$ ($1,240,110.08)

9(5,387,903.99)

$ 416,371.03

$ 440,954.46

$ 466,545.82

$ 493,186.41

$ 520,919.28

$ 549,789.19

$ 579,842.76

$ 611,128.53

$ 643,697.02

$ 677,600.82

$ ($1,555,642.37)

10(4,578,296.15)

$ 265,202.65

$ 284,167.19

$ 303,909.28

$ 324,460.80

$ 345,854.92

$ 368,126.21

$ 391,310.62

$ 415,445.59

$ 440,570.09

$ 466,724.70

$ ($1,968,028.18)

11(2,483,667.72)

$ 185,051.78

$ 196,931.34

$ 209,297.96

$ 222,171.61

$ 235,573.08

$ 249,524.01

$ 264,046.92

$ 279,165.28

$ 294,903.49

$ 311,286.96

$ ($746,889.43)

12(4,156,257.05)

$ 46,490.42

$ 54,581.96

$ 63,005.24

$ 71,773.88

$ 80,902.04

$ 90,404.45

$ 100,296.46

$ 110,594.04

$ 121,313.82

$ 132,473.11

$ ($3,346,971.48)

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119

",$,!.#-*&'*,$!,! 1,!0$&3/-*,!,-*&$(#$! '&!$&,1($,$#-! 1#'!;/,+$#'!I0GI!B!I0GG!&-! 1,'!

2/&!'&!&-./&-*$,!&1!A,1#$!+&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!(-(.(,1!'(-!(-.1/($!&1!A,1#$!+&!1,!*(&$$,0!61!V1/M#!+&!

&V&.*(A#!+&!1#'!.,'#'!.,)((,!0#$2/&!'&!(-.1/B#!&1!A,1#$!+&!1,!$&-*,!+&1!*&$$&-#!+#-+&!#0&$,!1,!

V(-.,.!0,$,!&11#!'&!&'*()#!/-!A,1#$!+&!$&-*,!&-!zFLd0I!0#$!./&$+,!,1!,]#0!4('*#!+&!&'*,!V#$),!

,!.(-.#!,]#'!*,)0#.#!'&!/,!./((&$*#!1,!(-A&$'(3-!(-(.(,1!&-!-(-3/-#!+&!1#'!.,'#'0!"&$#!,/#$,!

&1!A,1#$!2/&!/,.&!V,1*,!0#$!./($($!+&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!(-(.(,1!+&!1#'!#*$#'!.,'#'!&'!)/./#!)&-#$!

q.#1/)-,!:"4!+&1!;/,+$#!I0GIR0!

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*&$$&-#! &-! 1,! (-A&$'(3-! (-(.(,1! (-+(.,! 2/&! ,1! V(-,1! +&!+(./#! 0&$\#+#! %!A,2/&$\,'! 1#3$,-!/-!

A,1#$! 0$&'&-*&!-&*#! 0#'(*(A#.! &'*,'! '#-! 1#'! .,'#'! F! B! d0!6-! 1,! A,2/&$\,! d!-#!//(#!-(-3M-!

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.#','.!+,+,!1,!0$#B&..(3-!+&1!V1/M#!+&!&V&.*(A#!B!&1!A,1#$!+&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!(-(.(,1!&'*(),+,.!/-,!

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+&! 1,'! A,2/&$\,'! +&1! &'*/+(#! 1&! *#),$\,!)5'!+&! :F! ,]#'! $&./0&$,$! 1,! (-A&$'(3-! B! 3&-&$,$!

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/,11,$#-!2/&!1,!(-A&$'(3-!0#$!A,.,!V/&!),B#$!0,$,!1#'!/,*#'!&-!7;2!.#-!$&'0&.*#!,1!/,*#!+&!7"0!",$,!

&A,1/,$!1,!(-A&$'(3-!'&!/'#!&1!)L*#+#!+&!1,!*,',!(-*&$-,!+&!$&*#$-#.!2/&!&'!,2/&11,!2/&!(3/,1,!,!.&$#!

&1! A,1#$! 0$&'&-*&! -&*#! +&! 1,! (-A&$'(3-.! ,'\! 0/&'! ,! ),B#$! 1,! *,',! (-*&$-,! +&! $&*#$-#! )&M#$! &'! &1!

(&-&V(.(#! 1#3$,+#! .#-! 1,! (-A&$'(3-0! 6'*&! )L*#+#! )#'*$3! .#-! &1! )&M#$! $&'/1*,+#! ,1! /,*#! +&! 7"! .#-!

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120

Cuadro 5.35. V

alor presente neto de la inversión inicial a cinco años (sin incluir valor del terreno)

CA

SO

SIN

VE

RS

IÓN

F

EN

1F

EN

2F

EN

3F

EN

4F

EN

5N

PV

1(3

,251,7

74.0

7)

$

290,1

24.4

9$

314,8

28.5

6$

340,5

45.4

9$

367,3

16.8

1$

395,1

85.7

6$

($1,7

38,4

93.8

8)

2(1

,485,2

45.9

7)

$

85,1

89.5

7$

94,7

88.4

1$

104,7

80.8

0$

115,1

82.8

7$

126,0

11.4

3$

($989,7

22.1

4)

3(9

37,1

22.5

5)

$

47,7

49.5

0$

53,1

62.4

6$

58,7

97.3

4$

64,6

63.2

6$

70,7

69.6

8$

($652,5

15.0

7)

4(3

,375,0

65.7

6)

$

378,7

90.1

9$

402,8

91.1

1$

427,9

80.1

7$

454,0

97.8

8$

481,2

86.4

2$

($1,5

15,6

75.3

0)

5(2

,161,9

88.9

3)

$

202,8

29.0

7$

219,5

58.9

7$

236,9

74.7

9$

255,1

04.6

6$

273,9

77.8

5$

($1,1

15,1

49.4

7)

6(1

,499,8

03.9

9)

$

(63,9

87.6

3)

$

(60,9

51.2

5)

$

(57,7

90.3

8)

$

(54,4

99.9

2)

$

(51,0

74.5

4)

$

($1,6

29,5

56.1

7)

7(2

,387,7

31.4

6)

$

293,0

89.5

1$

311,9

35.9

7$

331,5

55.1

4$

351,9

78.6

9$

373,2

39.6

1$

($961,6

80.2

6)

8(2

,355,8

14.8

1)

$

103,2

97.7

7$

112,8

28.0

0$

122,7

48.9

8$

133,0

76.7

1$

143,8

27.8

8$

($1,7

35,7

38.8

6)

9(3

,854,9

03.9

9)

$

309,6

08.5

3$

334,1

91.9

6$

359,7

83.3

2$

386,4

23.9

1$

414,1

56.7

8$

($2,2

29,0

53.6

0)

10

(3,9

83,2

96.1

5)

$

223,7

65.1

5$

242,7

29.6

9$

262,4

71.7

8$

283,0

23.3

0$

304,4

17.4

2$

($2,7

23,5

28.4

8)

11

(2,2

59,6

67.7

2)

$

169,4

51.7

8$

181,3

31.3

4$

193,6

97.9

6$

206,5

71.6

1$

219,9

73.0

8$

($1,3

72,1

97.2

8)

12

(3,8

62,2

57.0

5)

$

26,0

15.4

2$

34,1

06.9

6$

42,5

30.2

4$

51,2

98.8

8$

60,4

27.0

4$

($3,4

56,5

81.4

4)

Cuadro 5.36. V

alor presente neto de la inversión inicial a diez años (sin incluir valor del terreno)

CASOSINVERSIÓN

FEN 1FEN 2

FEN 3FEN 4

FEN 5FEN 6

FEN 7FEN 8

FEN 9FEN 10

NPV1

(3,251,774.07)$

290,124.49$

314,828.56$

340,545.49$

367,316.81$

395,185.76$

424,197.34$

454,398.39$

485,837.68$

518,565.99$

552,636.15$

($391,369.75)2

(1,485,245.97)$

85,189.57$

94,788.41$

104,780.80$

115,182.87$

126,011.43$

137,283.97$

149,018.67$

161,234.50$

173,951.18$

187,189.24$

($543,110.75)3

(937,122.55)$

47,749.50$

53,162.46$

58,797.34$

64,663.26$

70,769.68$

77,126.46$

83,743.87$

90,632.59$

97,803.76$

105,268.94$

($401,473.03)4

(3,375,065.76)$

378,790.19$

402,891.11$

427,980.17$

454,097.88$

481,286.42$

509,589.69$

539,053.39$

569,725.11$

601,654.36$

634,892.71$

$65,641.185

(2,161,988.93)$

202,829.07$

219,558.97$

236,974.79$

255,104.66$

273,977.85$

293,624.85$

314,077.37$

335,368.45$

357,532.46$

380,605.19$

($185,138.85)6

(1,499,803.99)$

(63,987.63)$

(60,951.25)$

(57,790.38)$

(54,499.92)$

(51,074.54)$

(47,508.73)$

(43,796.71)$

(39,932.50)$

(35,909.86)$

(31,722.30)$

($1,741,935.66)7

(2,387,731.46)$

293,089.51$

311,935.97$

331,555.14$

351,978.69$

373,239.61$

395,372.23$

418,412.28$

442,396.98$

467,365.04$

493,356.80$

$266,183.988

(2,355,814.81)$

103,297.77$

112,828.00$

122,748.98$

133,076.71$

143,827.88$

155,019.85$

166,670.69$

178,799.22$

191,425.01$

204,568.47$

($1,240,110.08)9

(3,854,903.99)$

309,608.53$

334,191.96$

359,783.32$

386,423.91$

414,156.78$

443,026.69$

473,080.26$

504,366.03$

536,934.52$

570,838.32$

($830,207.14)10

(3,983,296.15)$

223,765.15$

242,729.69$

262,471.78$

283,023.30$

304,417.42$

326,688.71$

349,873.12$

374,008.09$

399,132.59$

425,287.20$

($1,686,466.56)11

(2,259,667.72)$

169,451.78$

181,331.34$

193,697.96$

206,571.61$

219,973.08$

233,924.01$

248,446.92$

263,565.28$

279,303.49$

295,686.96$

($640,889.76)12

(3,862,257.05)$

26,015.42$

34,106.96$

42,530.24$

51,298.88$

60,427.04$

69,929.45$

79,821.46$

90,119.04$

100,838.82$

111,998.11$

($3,207,846.91)

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121

6,7'!#(;&6&6'%('6(#6&A&;&%!%'

!

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),-*&-&$'&!&-!&1!)&$.,+#!3$,.(,'!,!1,'!A&-*,M,'!2/&!*(&-&!#!2/&!0/&+&!3&-&$,$!'#($&!'/'!

.#)0&*(+#$&'0!;(&$*,)&-*&!&1!)&$.,+#!+&!1&./&!.$/+,!&-!"/&$*#!$(.#!-#!&'!/-!)&$.,+#!+&!

1(($&! .#)0&*&-.(,.! '(-#! /-! )&$.,+#! $&3/1,+#! &-! +#-+&! '&! (/'.,! /-! 0$&.(#! M/'*#! 0,$,! &1!

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Cambio en precio del alimento concentrado

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137

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138

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139CASO # _______________ FECHA DE LA ENTREVISTA: _DD____/_MM________/_YY_______

I. LOCALIZACION DE LA FINCA

Municipio

Barrio

II. SISTEMA DE MANEJO

Pastoreo ¿Cuánto tiempo lleva con este sistema de manejo? Pastoreo + Confinamiento _________________________________________ Confinamiento _________________________________________

III. NUMERO DE ANIMALES Y CUOTA DE PRODUCCION

Cuota de producción (cuartillos diarios): Valor de la cuota: $ Año de adquisición: Vacas en producción: Vacas secas (horras): Novillas de reemplazo

IV. USO DEL TERRENO

CLASIFICACION Número de cuerdas Valor Área total de la finca Terreno propio Terreno arrendado De Otro Terreno arrendado A Otros Área en Pastos Mejorados Área en hierba para corte Pasto para henificar Pasto para ensilar Pasto natural Terreno en edificaciones y caminos

V. INFORMACION DEL DUEÑO Y EL ADMINISTRADOR

CARACTERISTICAS DUEÑO ADMINISTRADOR EDAD ¿Cuántos años tiene Usted? Sexo M / F M / F

Escolaridad. (Grado escolar más alto alcanzado por Usted)

Marque (x) solo uno 1. Ninguno 2. Escuela Elemental (Grados 1 - 6) 3. Escuela Secundaria (Grados 7 - 12) 4. Diploma de Escuela Superior o su equivalente (GED) 5. Algunos Años de Colegio 6. Completo 4 Años - Grado de (BA o BS) 7. Escuela Graduada

Marque (x) solo uno 1. Ninguno 2. Escuela Elemental (Grados 1 - 6) 3. Escuela Secundaria (Grados 7 - 12) 4. Diploma de Escuela Superior o su equivalente

(GED) 5. Algunos Años de Colegio 6. Completo 4 Años - Grado de (BA o BS) 7. Escuela Graduada

Experiencia. ¿Cuántos años de experiencia tiene en el negocio de ganado lechero?

¿En qué año empezó a operar esta finca como productora de leche? N/A

Vivienda. ¿Vive Usted en esta finca? SI NO SI NO ¿Cuál partida indica su principal fuente de ingreso? Favor seleccionar una sola opción

a) a)Venta de leche b) b)Otros ingresos relacionados con la finca c) c)Ingresos No relacionados con la finca

a) Salario en esta finca b) Salario en otra finca de ganado de leche c) Ingresos por actividades No relacionadas con finca

de ganado de leche

¿Qué por ciento de su ingreso bruto anual proviene de la actividad ganadera?

a) Menos del 25% b) 25% - 49% c) 50% - 74% d) d) 75% o más

N/A

¿Cuál es su ocupación Principal?

a) Ganadería de leche b) Otras actividades Agrícolas c) Actividades No agrícolas

a) Administrador de esta finca b) Administrador de más de una finca c) c) Otras actividades No relacionadas con fincas de

ganado de leche

¿Quién guía la operación de la finca? a) Yo mismo b) Un familiar nombrado como administrador c) c) Un empleado contratado como administrador.

N/A

¿Bajo qué tipo de organización se constituyó esta finca?

a) Finca individual o de la familia b) Sociedad c) Corporación d) d) Otros – Especifique

N/A

Esta usted o la finca certificada por el Departamento de Agricultura como agricultor o corporación Bonafide.

Si No N/A

Qué tipo de familiaridad existe entre Usted y el dueño de la finca? N/A

a) Ninguna b) Hijos c) Conyugue d) Hermano e) Otro lazo familiar. Especifique

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140V

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141B

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142C

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____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ¿

Cuántos días de estiércol soporta el sistem

a de almacenam

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Cuántas veces al día se rem

ueve el estiércol? ______________________________________________________

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143V

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144

MA

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astos Veterinarios

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equipo

Fondo F

omento Industria

Lechera

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stabilización de precios de la leche

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sociaciones

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145IX

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RA

DO

S M

EN

SU

AL

ME

NT

E

PA

RT

IDA

C

AN

TID

AD

U

NID

AD

P

RE

CIO

/UN

IDA

D

VA

LO

R

Venta D

e Leche

C

uota

E

xcedente

V

enta vacas de rezago

Venta terneros

Venta heno / ensilaje

Subsidio salarial

Otros Incentivos

gubernamentales

¿

Cuál es la producción de leche prom

edio por vaca? _________________________________________________________

Obtuvo el productor algún préstam

o bancario garantizado con los derechos de cuota durante el año 2004? S

i N

o

¿P

odría indicar cuánto dinero debe la finca? ____________________________________________________

US

O D

E L

A L

EC

HE

RE

ST

AN

TE

/LE

CH

E Q

UE

SE

QU

ED

A E

N L

A F

INC

A

U

SO

C

UA

RT

ILL

OS

PR

OM

ED

IO

Consum

o del propietario

Regalada a los em

pleados

Elaboración de derivados lácteos

U

tilizada para alimentación de becerras

Leche dañada y/o botada

X.

US

O D

E R

EG

IST

RO

S

¿

Qué registros de producción lleva en la finca?

a)

DH

I b)

Registros propios

c) N

o lleva registros de producción ¿

Posee un sistem

a de registro contable?

Si

No

¿

Contrata servicios profesionales de un contador?

S

i

N

o

¿U

sa un sistema com

putarizado de registros?

Si

No

¿

Consulta a los extensionistas agrícolas sobre producción

de leche y/o cultivo de forrajes?

Si

No

Page 158: 0/ 1%2 * '3 4 '5 04 &'6 %&14 , / &'3 4academic.uprm.edu/gortiz/Ortiz/Readings_files/UPRM... · ix ; F6 5 ! 'E ( '- B ! E = G 6 '!!; / , + $#!g PZ P!! !: m ) &$#!+ &!A , 2 / &$\, '!+

146

XI.

PR

AC

TIC

AS

DE

MA

NE

JO Y

CA

RA

CT

ER

ÍST

ICA

S D

EL

HA

TO

¿U

sa planes de manejo de nutrientes para la alim

entación de las vacas en producción?

Si

No

¿Q

ué prácticas lleva a cabo para manejar el estrés del

ganado por calor?

¿

Tiene en cuenta la producción de leche por vaca para alim

entarlas? S

I

N

O

Existe un horario de actividades diarias y/o m

ensual? S

I

N

O

¿Q

ué pasto cultiva/ vende y/o consume? (puede seleccionar

más de uno)

a) Malojillo b) P

angola c) G

uinea d) Merker

e) Yerba estrella f) O

tros, especifique ¿

Qué razas y/o cruces predom

inan en su hato?

¿A

los cuantos partos, en promedio, se reem

plazan las vacas?

¿C

ómo obtuvo sus reem

plazos en el 2004? a)

Crianza propia ________%

b)

Com

pra local ________%

c) Im

portación ________%

¿Q

ué material usa para rellenar las cam

as de las vacas?

¿U

sa TMR

? ¿C

ómo es la m

ezcla? S

i___ No___ / M

ezcla:

¿C

uál es la rotación de pastoreo? A

. 1 día o menos

B. 2 – 3 días

C. 4 – 7 días

D. 8 – 14 días

E. 15 – 30 días

F. M

ás de 30 días G

. Pastorean en el m

ismo terreno todo el tiem

po.

'