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Je dédie cet humble travail à : Mes très chères, mère et père pour leur amour, soutien inestimable

et leur encouragement pour l’accomplissement de ce travail. A ma famille A mes amis

*9<9?A69<9B=;

H

*9<9?A69<9B=;

Au terme de cette étude, je n'oserai pas d'omettre et de mettre en exergue le soutien des uns, les

encouragements des autres, des personnes qui ont été pour moi un support durant toute cette période

pour l'achèvement de ce travail, et s'est pour moi un plaisir et honneur de les citer nominativement

pour tous les efforts, conseils et soutien moral, qui ont été pour moi un réconfort, particulièrement

lors des moments difficiles.

C'est ainsi que j'adresse tous mes remerciements et reconnaissance à Mr BELLAL d'avoir

accepté de m’encadrer, pour ses conseils et orientations, et le suivi de ce travail.

Mes remerciements vont aussi à monsieur AMMOUCHE, professeur à l'INA qui m'a fait

l'honneur de présider le jury, qu'il trouve ici ma haute considération

Mes remerciements vont également à Mr MEKLICHE, chargé de cours, etàMr OUANANE,

maître de conférence à L’INA , d'avoir accepter de juger mon travail et de participer au jury.

Parmi les personnes influentes et qui ont été pour moi pour beaucoup, et ont out le mérite

de m'avoir soutenu et m'ont ouvert les portes afin de réaliser l'étape la plus importante de mon

travail qui est les analyses biochimiques, qu'elle trouve ici, en la personne de Mr FELIACHI

Kamel, directeur général de l'INRAtoute ma reconnaissance, mes remerciements et ma sympathie,

personnalité, qui ne trouve aucun obstacle pour le bien être des autres et démontre de par là son

professionnalisme et son humanisme je dirai merci pour tout ça.

A Monsieur ZEGHIDA Ali, directeur général de l’ITGC, je ne manquerai pas de lui adresser

mes sincères remerciements de m'avoir accordé une journée par semaine afin de me concentrer

uniquement à mon travail personnel, ce qui me laisse dire que nul ne peut se vanter d'arriver à un

objectif défini si ce n'est la compréhension des uns et le soutien et encouragements des autres.

Je tiens aussi à remercier tous mes collègues et amis qui m’ont soutenu pour la réalisation

de ce travail.

A toutes ces personnes et d'autres qui m'ont aidé de pré où de loin je leur dirai merci et que

Dieu vous garde.


U

*@;C<@

L’étude de l’effet de la fertilisation azotée sur la variation des fractions protéiques et leur expression

sur la qualité technologiques du blé a été réalisé sur deux variétés de blé dur et deux autres de blé

tendre, cultivées sous 4 différents niveaux croissants de fertilisation azotée. Un suivi végétatif a

été réalisé. Après la récolte, des analyses physico-chimiques, technologiques et biochimiques ont

été effectuées sur les grains, farine et semoule.

Les résultats ont montré que les doses élevées d’azote diminuent sensiblement le mitadinage

et augmentent la coloration brune et jaune chez le blé dur. L’accroissement des doses a également

augmenté la teneur en protéines, le gluten sec et sa capacité d’hydratation, et le volume de

sédimentation chez les deux espèces, ainsi q’une amélioration de l’élasticité des pâtes cuites des

variétés de blé dur. Le temps de cuisson des pâtes a été prolongé avec une meilleure capacité de

fixation d’eau chez la variété WAHA. La force boulangère des variétés de blé tendre est améliorée,

et le volume du pain a augmenté chez la variété ANZA.

La force boulangère du blé tendre est étroitement liée à la force du gluten. Ce dernier augmente

significativement avec les protéines totales du blé dur, et sa forte hydratation traduit une meilleure

fermeté des pâtes cuites.

L’analyse des fractions protéiques par la SE-HPLC a révélé que les HWGS, les LWGS et les

fractions insolubles au SDS, varient significativement avec le facteur génétique. La fertilisation

a élevé légèrement les fractions LWGS et les gliadines de la variété HD1220 et a diminué les

protéines insolubles au SDS de la même variété avec l’accroissement des doses, de 0 unités/ha à 120

unités/ha. Le rapport HWGS / LWGS a également varié avec les différents apports de fertilisation.

Chez le blé dur, les gliadines sont corrélées négativement à la capacité d’hydratation du gluten

et à la fermeté des pâtes cuites. Par contre, les protéines insolubles au SDS (Fi) sont positivement

corrélées à ces mêmes paramètres.

Les HWGS du blé tendre sont corrélés négativement à la force boulangère, et les proportions

des gliadines augmentent significativement avec les teneurs en protéines totales. Le rapport

HWGS/LWGS a été négativement corrélé à la force boulangère et au volume de sédimentation.

Mots clés: Blés durs, Blés tendres, variétés, fertilisation azotée, protéines, SE-HPLC,

DEFG

V

DEFG


FG

"$++$*H

The research of nitrogen fertilzation on the variation of the protein fraction and their effect on the

tological quality of the WHEAT was realised. Two varieties of durum wheat and two others on (bl

ten), cultivated under 4 different raising levels of nitrogen fertilzation. A vegetative control was

realised. After the harvest , (physical and chemical technological and biochemical analyses were

realised on the grain.

The results are as follow :

The raising amount of nitrogen diminished the mitadinage and raised the coloration of durum

wheat.

The raising of the level of nitrogen has also increased, the quantity of proteins, the gluten and

its hydratation capacity, and the sedimentation volume of both species, as well as a better elasticity

of cooking pasta of durum wheat. The cooking time of the pasta has increased with a better capacity

of fixing water with WAHA variety. The baking strength of bread wheat variety is better, and the

volume of bread has increased with ANZA variety.

The baking strength of the bread wheat is linked to the strength of gluten which increased

with the total proteins of the durum wheat, and its high hydratation reflects a better (firmness) of

cooked pasta.

The analyses of protein fractions by the SE-HPLC has revealed that the HWGS, the LWGS

and the fractions (ins) to the SDS, change with the genetic factor. The LWGS fractions and the

gliadins of HD1220 variety, and reduced the proteins insoluble to SDS of the same variety with

the increasing of the levels, from 0 (un/ha) to 120 (un/ha). The HWGS/LWGS ratio has changed

with the different fertilization.

With the durum wheat the gliadin are negatively correlated to the gluten hydratation capacity

and to the firmness of cooked pasta. On the other hand, the proteins insoluble to SDS (Fi) are

positively correlated to these same parameters.

The HWGS of bred wheat are negatively (correlated) to the baking strength and the gliadins

proportions increase significantly with the amount of total proteins. The HWGS/LWGS ratio has

been negatively (correlated) to the baking strength and to the sedimentation volume.

Keys Words : durum wheat , bread wheat , variety , nitrogen fertilisation , proteins, SE-HPLC

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