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MaricultureAquaculture of the ocean

+Mariculture

The farming of marine organisms

+Why mariculture?

increase the total world food production

instead of hunting marine life, cultivate it

+Organisms 140 metric tons farmed a

year Over 20% seaweed Less than 2% marine fish Majority are mollusks: clams,

oysters, abalone, scallop, mussels

+Types

open mariculture – natural environments

closed mariculture – artificial (controlled) environments

+Modern techniques and materialsearthen ponds with

controlled water inlets and outlets (fish and crustaceans)

cages in lakes or the ocean

raceways – long, narrow earthen or concrete ponds that receive a continuous flow of water from a nearby well, spring, or stream (fish)

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bottom culture – juveniles are spread out over prepared areas (mollusks)

off-bottom culture – juveniles are attached to ropes and suspended from floats (mollusks)

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Kona Blue Fish Farm

+Controvery

lack of space for habitat produce lots of waste productsExcess nutrients cause harmful algae blooms

The food used to feed larger fish exploit another population

+Ancient Hawaiian Techniqueswalled fish ponds using

lava rocks and coral called "loko i'a" along the coast

Used "makaha", wooden gates which allowed juvenile fish to enter the ponds to feed, but prevented them from leaving once they grew larger.

Story of the Fish Ponds