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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM TABLE OF CONTENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT REPORT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS i LIST OF TABLES iii LIST OF FIGURES iii
1 OVERVIEW S-1
1.1 Water Resources Management in Jordan S-2 1.1.1 Strategy S-2 1.1.2 Stakeholders S-4 1.1.3 Water Balance S-4 1.1.4 Management Measures S-8 1.1.5 Investments S-10
2 PROPOSED PROJECT S-11
2.1 Origin and Scope S-11 2.2 Location S-12 2.3 Major Elements S-14 2.4 Project Segments S-17 2.5 Construction and Operational Phases S-17
2.5.1 Project Implementing Organization S-17 2.5.2 Operation of the Project and its Benefits S-17
3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS S-18
3.1 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework in Jordan S-18 3.2 Applicable World Bank Policies S-19 3.3 Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment S-19 3.4 Project Specific Environmental and Social Assessment S-19 3.5 Maps to Support Environmental and Social Management Plan S-22
4 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK S-22
4.1 Institutional and Legislative Framework S-22 4.1.1 Institutions S-22 4.1.2 Applicable National Environmental Legislation S-23
4.2 Applicable Policies of the World Bank S-24
5 WATER SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT S-25
5.1 Baseline Data S-25 5.2 Analysis of Alternatives in the Water Sector S-26
Final Report i Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.3 Potential Impacts S-36 5.3.1 Direct and Indirect S-38 5.3.2 Cumulative Impacts S-39
5.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan S-40 5.4.1 Elements S-41 5.4.2 Parties Responsible S-41
5.5 Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building S-42
6 PROJECT SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT S-43
6.1 Baseline Environmental and Social Data S-43 6.1.1 Physical Environment S-43 6.1.2 Biological Environment S-44 6.1.3 Agricultural Resources S-46 6.1.4 Social Aspects S-49 6.1.5 Archaeological Resources Assessment S-50
6.2 Analysis of Project Specific Alternatives S-50 6.2.1 No Action/Without Project S-50 6.2.2 Development of the Well Field S-50 6.2.3 Alignment of the Pipeline S-51
6.3 Potential Impacts – Construction Phase S-53 6.3.1 Potential Impacts on Physical Environment S-53 6.3.2 Potential Impacts on Biological Environment S-55 6.3.3 Potential Impacts on Agriculture S-56 6.3.4 Potential Impacts on Socio-Economic Conditions S-56 6.3.5 Potential Impacts on Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites S-58
6.4 Potential Impacts – Operation Phase S-58 6.4.1 Potential Impacts on Physical Environment S-58 6.4.2 Potential Impacts on Biological Environment S-58 6.4.3 Potential Impacts on Agriculture S-59 6.4.4 Potential Impacts on Socio-Economic Conditions S-59 6.4.5 Potential Impacts on Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites S-59
6.5 Cumulative Impacts S-59 6.5.1 Positive Cumulative Impacts S-59 6.5.2 Negative Cumulative Impacts S-60
6.6 Environmental and Social Management Plan S-67 6.6.1 Management Objectives, Structure and Responsibility S-67 6.6.2 Impact Mitigation and Management Programs S-82 6.6.3 Implementation, Operation and Control S-94 6.6.4 Checking Corrective Action and Management Review S-96
7 CONSULTATIONS TO SUPPORT PREPARATION OF THE ESA STUDY S-98
7.1 First Phase of Public Consultation S-98 7.2 Second Phase of Public Consultations on the Draft ESA S-100 7.3 Disclosure S-101
Final Report ii Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES Table PageTable 1: Priority of stakeholders with respect to Disi water consumption S-4 Table 2: Present and future water demand, supply and deficit in Jordan up to the
Year 2040 (MCM/yr) S-6 Table 3: Adjusted future water supply (resources) and deficit in Jordan up to the
Year 2040 (MCM/yr) S-7 Table 4: Main water resources management measures adopted in Jordan S-9 Table 5: Summary of the key elements of the project S-16 Table 6: Implications of “No Action Alternative” with the current and proposed
actions without Disi project S-28 Table 7: Planned water development projects and development amount (MCM/yr) S-32 Table 8: Water Demand, Supply and Gap for the Base Scenario (MCM/yr) S-34 Table 9: Non-conventional options for Jordan to ease the water problem S-34 Table 10: Potential Impacts of the Disi-Mudawarra Water System on the
Water Sector in Jordan S-37 Table 11: Parties responsible S-42 Table 12: Planted areas and water consumption of large scale agricultural companies S-47 Table 13: Water consumption for selected crops as an annual average for the period
1999-2001 S-48 Table 14: Total, cost, net revenue and water consumption (m3/kg) for selected crops
as an annual average for the period 1999-2001 S-48 Table 15: Analysis of project specific alternatives S-52 Table 16: Registered Environmental and Social impacts S-63 Table 17: Site-specific mitigation measures based on project activities S-68 Table 18: ESMP Site-Specific Procedures and Responsibilities S-71 Table 19: The duties of the proposed Contractor - Environmental and Social
Management Plan (ESMP) Technical Assistant S-81 Table 20: Significant issues identified in the first phase of public consultation S-99 Table 21: Significant issues identified during the second phase of public consultation S-101
LIST OF FIGURES Figure PageFigure 1: Jordan’s Water Strategy S-3 Figure 2: Actions required for management of water scarcity S-8 Figure 3: Optimised alignment of the Disi-Mudawarra to Amman water
conveyance system S-13 Figure 4: Segmentation of the project area S-17 Figure 5: Project-Specific ESMP Process S-21 Figure 6: Estimated year 2000 per capita withdrawal for Jordan and other countries S-27 Figure 7: Jordan Water Gap and Bridging Options S-31 Figure 8: Illustration of the reason for conveying Disi Water to Amman S-38 Figure 9: ESMP management structure S-80
Final Report iii Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 OVERVIEW The shortage of water in Jordan is a chronic problem that dates back as the early as the 1970s. The late King Hussein was always keen at emphasizing that the development of the country’s water sector is vital for the development of all other sectors in the country. Also, King Abdullah the Second considers the water issue to be of top priority in the work of the government. These considerations reflect the seriousness of the water problem in Jordan. In Jordan, the development of the water institutions dates back to the 1951 when the Health Institution was developed to monitor water quality. Afterwards, the Western Ghor Canal Authority and the Central Water Authority were created in 1951 and 1960, respectively. However, these two authorities were replaced by the Natural Resources Authority in 1965. In the same year, the Jordanian Regional Institution for Development of Jordan River and its Tributaries was established with responsibility for developing the water resources of the Jordan River and its tributaries. This institution adopted the Khaled Dam and Jordan Valley projects. In 1975, the responsibility for drinking water was transferred from the Natural Resources Authority to a newly created authority named the Drinking Water Institution. This institution was responsible for all water projects in the Kingdom except for Amman city for which the Water and Wastewater Authority was formed. In 1972, the responsibility for the areas below sea level on the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River was transferred from the Natural Resources Authority to a new institution named in 1977 the Jordan Valley Authority (JVA). In 1984, the Drinking Water Institution and the Water and Wastewater Authority were merged into one authority which is the Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ). On October 1st of 1988, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation was created and the Water Authority and the Jordan Valley Authority were placed within this Ministry. In the early 1990s the water shortage problem started to accelerate after the Gulf Crisis. The lack of water resources became more prominent with the increase in water demand in response to the natural and crisis driven population growth, improvement of living standards, and the development of the economic, industrial and touristic sectors. In trying to meet the country’s growing water demand, groundwater aquifers are being exploited at more than double their sustainable yield in average. This can be attributed to the low investment requirement for developing extra groundwater sources. The situation has reached a level where the toxicity index (pollution load compared to renewable water resources) is high and the water costs compared to GDP do not allow the full cost recovery. For a number of years supply has been outstripped by demand in the Greater Amman Area and the Water Authority of Jordan has had no option but to implement a water rationing program during the summer months to deal with the water shortage. The situation has been on-going since 1988 and the situation continues to deteriorate each year as demand increases which has lead to a rationing program for the entire year with very low reliability during the summer period. The Disi-Mudawarra to Amman Water Conveyance System will result in a reliable water supply to Amman especially during the summer. This project was proposed many years ago but due to lack of funding, the project was postponed. However, due to the pressing need for additional sources of water, serious efforts have been made to prepare a detailed feasibility study, environmental and social assessment and to secure funding for this project.
Final Report S-1 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
At present, the drinking water for Amman is supplied mainly from the upland aquifers and new developed aquifers to the south such as Lajoun Aquifer. Therefore, another important aspect of the Disi project is that its implementation will secure an additional source of drinking water to Amman and thus relieve the upland aquifers from over abstraction. Also, the Disi project will have an indirect effect on the quality of the wastewater which in turn would lead to a better effluent quality to be used for irrigation as a replacement for valuable freshwater. Once the Disi pipeline is completed it will serve as a Southern National Carrier for Jordan. However, it should be noted that the Disi project would cover only part of the water shortage problem but would not close the country’s growing water gap. 1.1 Water Resources Management in Jordan The scarcity of water in Jordan makes the management of this critical resource very complex from a political, technical, socio-economic and environmental perspective. The water budget of Jordan is around 1 billion cubic meters per annum, which is considered relatively low when compared to social, economic and environmental needs of the country. This scarcity makes the availability of water on a reliable basis very important for to the society. Accordingly, this section will deal with the management issue in order to highlight the importance of integrated management of the water resources in Jordan and the role of Disi water as a part of these resources. 1.1.1 Strategy The issues addressed in Jordan’s water strategy of 1997 are distributed across three levels: resource development, resource management, and shared water resources. These issues are summarized in Figure 1.
Final Report S-2 Consolidated Consultants
ENV
IRO
NM
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S-3
Con
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Adv
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igh
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St
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Surf
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1: J
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ater
Str
ateg
y
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1.2 Stakeholders
In Jordan, the policy for water allocation considers the following water stakeholders: domestic, industrial, touristic, and agricultural sectors. The water allocation priority goes first to the domestic sector, followed by the industrial and touristic sectors and last to the agricultural sector. Table 1 presents the priority of Disi water consumption according to stakeholder shares and importance.
In terms of the Disi water, the stakeholders are as follows:
• Amman city which will utilise the Disi water for domestic needs and for which the allocation of the Disi water will help in relieving the upland aquifers used to supply Amman with required domestic water;
• Locals at Disi area who use the Disi water for their various activities including domestic uses and livestock raising;
• Aqaba city which utilizes at present the Disi water for its domestic needs; • The Disi farms which utilize the Disi water for irrigation. However, those farms will be
closed once their current operating permits are expired; and • The cities along the Disi conveyor route that will be provided with “turn out” for emergency
access if required. At the present these cities have no need for the Disi water since they already have their own water resources that are of good quality.
Table 1: Priority of stakeholders with respect to Disi water consumption
Priority Conditions Water Needs Stakeholder
Total Priority
Rate (Sum)
Present Consumption of Disi Water
Availability of Other Sources
Near Future (Up to 2010)
Future (Up to 2020)
Far Future (Up to 2040)
Amman City ******** - **1 ** ** ** Locals at Disi area **** * - * * *
Aqaba City *** * - * * -2 Disi Farms *** * - ** -3 -3 Cities along the Conveyor Route 4
* - - - - *5
1 Almost all domestic water is imported from outside Amman. 2 Other sources will be available (e.g. proposed Red Sea – Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project) 3 Contracts Expire 4 Cities along the pipeline: Madaba, Karak, Tafileh, Ma’an and Aqaba. 5 Local sources will not fulfil the growing demand. 1.1.3 Water Balance The water supply of Jordan integrates the following resources:
• Surface Water; • Groundwater; • Treated Wastewater; and • Non-Conventional Water Sources.
Final Report S-4 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Table 2 (GTZ Study, 1997) presents the future with the present water demand, supply and deficit in Jordan up to the year 2040. Table 3 (Al-Salihi, 1999) presents the future water supply to Jordan adjusted for rainfall decline in response to climate change. Table 2 and Table 3 address three aspects of water resources: demand, supply and deficit. The demand and deficit portions are divided to consumption sectors and the supply portion was divided according to source. Water quality was accounted for and three types were considered:
• Fresh for domestic use; • Fresh to brackish for industrial and agricultural use; and • Treated wastewater for industrial and agricultural use.
The irrigation demand was frozen due to lack of water supply for the agricultural sector. No fresh water was considered for irrigation after the year 2010 and a considerable reduction in fresh to brackish water. Treated wastewater could be the only source available for irrigation in most areas in the future. Disi water was considered as water supply for the domestic sector. However, fresh water deficit for domestic use will start after the year 2010 even with Disi water.
Final Report S-5 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Table 2: Present** and future water demand, supply and deficit in Jordan up to the Year 2040 (MCM/yr)
Item Pres. 1993
Year 2000
Year 2010
Year 2020
Year 2030
Year 2040
WATER DEMAND TOTAL 1001.5 1244 1518 1772 2025 2279 Surface Water 414.4 400 472 592 592 592 Ground water 535.1 355 387 418 451 482 Demand Management Savings 0 20 20 20 20 20 Treated Wastewater 52 99 162 230 376 522 Desalination Water 0 2 20 37 53 70 Domestic 218.5 367 489 729 969 1209 Surface Water (Fresh) 51.3 172 249 446 497 497 Ground water (Fresh) 167.2 173 200 226 254 280 Demand Management Savings 0 20 20 20 20 20 Desalination Water 0 2 20 37 53 70 Industrial 43 86 129 143 156 170 Surface Water (Fresh to Brackish) 16.7 33.4 50.1 55.5 60.6 66 Ground water (Fresh to Brackish) 26.3 52.6 78.9 87.5 95.4 104 Irrigation 740 791 900 900 900 900 Surface Water 346.4 194.6 172.9 90.5 34.4 29 Fresh Water 268.1 133 128 51 0 0 Fresh to Brackish Water 78.3 61.6 44.9 39.5 34.4 29 Ground water 341.6 129.4 108.1 104.5 101.6 98 Fresh Water 55.3 0 0 0 0 0 Fresh to Brackish Water 286.3 129.4 108.1 104.5 101.6 98 Treated Wastewater 52 99 162 230 376 522 WATER SUPPLY TOTAL 1001.5 876 1061 1297 1492 1686 Fresh Water Total 541.9 478 577 723 751 777 Fresh to Brackish Water Total 407.6 277 282 287 292 297 Treated Wastewater 52 99 162 230 376 522 Brackish Water Desalination 0 2 20 37 53 70 Water Demand Management Savings 0 20 20 20 20 20 Surface Water Total 414.4 400 472 592 592 592 Fresh Water 319.4 305 377 497 497 497 Fresh to Brackish water 95 95 95 95 95 95 Ground Water Total 535.1 355 387 418 451 482 Renewable Total 442.1 262 281 300 320 339 Non-Renewable Total 93 93 106 118 131 143 Fresh Water Total 222.5 173 200 226 254 280 Renewable Water 147.5 98 112 126 141 155 Non-Renewable Water 75 75 88 100 113 125 Fresh to Brackish Total 312.6 182 187 192 197 202 Renewable Water 294.6 164 169 174 179 184 Non-Renewable Water 18 18 18 18 18 18 WATER DEFICIT TOTAL * -368 -457 -475 -533 -593 Fresh Deficit Total * 14.35 -7 -84 -280 -477 Treated & Fresh to Brackish Deficit Total * -382.4 -450.0 -391.0 -253.0 -116.0 Domestic ( Fresh ) * - - - -145 -342 Industrial (Treated & Fresh to Brackish) * - - - - - Irrigation Total * -368 -457 -475 -388 -251 Fresh Water * 14.35 -7 -84 -135 -135 Treated & Fresh to Brackish Water * -382.4 -450.0 -391.0 -253.0 -116.0 * Ground water abstractions exceed the safe yield by 25 % in order to fill the Gap. ** The source considered 1993 as present year and it is kept for reference.
Final Report S-6 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Table 3: Adjusted future water supply (resources) and deficit in Jordan up to the Year 2040 (MCM/yr)
Item Year 2000
Year 2010
Year 2020
Year 2030
Year 2040
WATER DEMAND TOTAL 1244 1518 1772 2025 2279 Surface Water 316.0 372.9 467.7 467.7 467.7 Ground water 280.5 305.7 330.2 356.3 380.8 Demand Management Savings 20 20 20 20 20 Treated Wastewater 99 162 230 376 522 Desalination Water 2 20 37 53 70 Domestic 367 489 729 969 1209 Surface Water (Fresh) 208.3 291.0 392.6 392.6 392.6 Ground water (Fresh) 136.7 158.0 178.5 200.7 221.2 Demand Management Savings 20 20 20 20 20 Desalination Water 2 20 37 53 70 Industrial 86 129 143 156 170 Surface Water (Fresh to Brackish) 33.4 50.1 55.5 60.6 66 Ground water (Fresh to Brackish) 52.6 78.9 87.5 95.4 104 Irrigation 791 900 900 900 900 Surface Water 74.3 31.8 19.5 14.5 9 Fresh Water 33 7 0 0 0 Fresh to Brackish Water 41.7 25.0 19.5 14.5 9 Ground water 91.2 68.8 64.2 60.2 56 Fresh Water 0 0 0 0 0 Fresh to Brackish Water 91.2 68.8 64.2 60.2 56 Treated Wastewater 99 162 230 376 522 WATER SUPPLY TOTAL 717.5 880.6 1084.9 1273.0 1460.5 Fresh Water Total 377.6 455.8 571.2 593.3 613.8 Fresh to Brackish Water Total 218.8 222.8 226.7 230.7 234.6 Treated Wastewater 99 162 230 376 522 Brackish Water Desalination 2 20 37 53 70 Water Demand Management Savings 20 20 20 20 20 Surface Water Total 316.0 372.9 467.7 467.7 467.7 Fresh Water 241.0 297.8 392.6 392.6 392.6 Fresh to Brackish water 75.1 75.1 75.1 75.1 75.1 Ground Water Total 280.5 305.7 330.2 356.3 380.8 Renewable Total 207.0 222.0 237.0 252.8 267.8 Non-Renewable Total 73.5 83.7 93.2 103.5 113.0 Fresh Water Total 136.7 158.0 178.5 200.7 221.2 Renewable Water 77.4 88.5 99.5 111.4 122.5 Non-Renewable Water 59.3 69.5 79.0 89.3 98.8 Fresh to Brackish Total 143.8 147.7 151.7 155.6 159.6 Renewable Water 129.6 133.5 137.5 141.4 145.4 Non-Renewable Water 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 14.2 WATER DEFICIT TOTAL -526.6 -637.4 -687.1 -752.0 -818.5 Fresh Deficit Total -86.0 -128.2 -135.0 -437.7 -640.2 Treated & Fresh to Brackish Deficit Total -440.5 -509.2 -451.3 -314.3 -178.4 Domestic ( Fresh ) - - -100.83 -302.71 -505.17 Industrial (Treated & Fresh to Brackish) - - - - - Irrigation Total -527 -637 -586 -449 -313 Fresh Water -86.0 -128.2 -135.0 -135.0 -135.0 Treated & Fresh to Brackish Water -440.5 -509.2 -451.3 -314.3 -178.4
Final Report S-7 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1.4 Management Measures Table 4 presents the water resources management measures adopted in Jordan as extracted from the Water Action Plan and the following policies:
• Water Utility Policy (July 1997); • Groundwater Management Policy (February 1998); • Irrigation Water Policy (February 1998);and • Wastewater Management Policy (June 1998).
Management measures adopted by the Kingdom are presented in Figure 2 that summarises the actions required to manage the water scarcity in Jordan. Present Year 2020
• Demand
• Municipal Increasing • Industrial and Touristic use Increasing • Irrigation use X Needs to be decreased
• Supply
• Conventional Surface Water To be developed • Conventional Groundwater X To be stabilised at
current level or reduced to enhance quality and storage • Fossil Groundwater To be extracted • Treated Wastewater Effluent To be reused • Brackish Groundwater To be extracted • Seawater Desalination Future option • Regional Water Future option
Figure 2: Actions required for management of water scarcity
Final Report S-8 Consolidated Consultants
ENV
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isi A
quife
r) a
nd
thro
ugh
desa
linat
ion
by th
e ye
ar 2
005
- Mak
e m
axim
um o
f rai
nfal
l for
cro
p pr
oduc
tion,
and
supp
lem
enta
ry
irrig
atio
n sh
all b
e em
ploy
ed to
max
imiz
e pr
oduc
tion
incl
udin
g in
crea
sing
cro
ppin
g in
tens
ities
- I
mpl
emen
t a p
rogr
am th
at se
ts o
ut le
gal a
nd fi
nanc
ial m
easu
res a
imed
at c
ontro
lling
and
gr
adua
lly re
duci
ng g
roun
dwat
er w
ithdr
awal
s with
fina
l obj
ectiv
e of
mai
ntai
ning
the
safe
yie
ld
of a
quife
rs
- Brin
g th
e an
nual
abs
tract
ions
from
the
vario
us re
new
able
aqu
ifers
to th
e su
stai
nabl
e ra
te.
Pum
ping
from
the
grou
ndw
ater
aqu
ifers
has
to b
e ef
fect
ed so
that
the
abst
ract
ion
rate
will
be
clos
e to
the
annu
al re
char
ge b
y th
e ye
ar 2
005
- Sub
stitu
te fr
esh
wat
er w
ith m
argi
nal w
ater
; Tre
ated
was
tew
ater
in fi
rst
plac
e an
d th
en fr
esh
to b
rack
ish
wat
er
- Dev
elop
a w
aste
wat
er m
aste
r pla
n to
serv
e al
l are
as th
roug
hout
the
Kin
gdom
. In
para
llel,
indu
strie
s will
be
enco
urag
ed to
recy
cle
part
of th
eir w
aste
wat
er a
nd to
trea
t the
rest
to
acce
ptab
le st
anda
rds b
efor
e it
is d
isch
arge
d in
to th
e se
wer
or e
lsew
here
, as s
tate
d by
the
polic
y
- Do
not a
llow
div
ersi
on o
f irr
igat
ion’
s wat
ers t
o ot
her u
ses w
ithou
t pr
ovid
ing
a re
plac
emen
t sou
rce
fit fo
r agr
icul
tura
l use
unr
estri
cted
by
heal
th a
nd p
ublic
mai
nly
thro
ugh
treat
ed w
aste
wat
er
- Pur
sue
a pl
anne
d an
d co
ntro
lled
grou
ndw
ater
min
ing
from
pro
mis
ing,
ext
ensi
ve fo
ssil
aqui
fers
as
an
optio
n to
secu
re in
crem
enta
l sup
plie
s for
mun
icip
al a
nd in
dust
rial u
ses.
The
grou
ndw
ater
us
e w
ill ta
ke p
lace
con
junc
tivel
y w
ith su
rfac
e w
ater
in p
lace
s whe
re su
ch jo
int u
se h
as th
e po
tent
ial f
or in
crea
sing
the
avai
labl
e su
pply
- Brin
g th
e an
nual
abs
tract
ions
from
the
vario
us re
new
able
aqu
ifers
to th
e su
stai
nabl
e ra
te. P
umpi
ng fr
om th
e gr
ound
wat
er a
quife
rs h
as to
be
effe
cted
so th
at th
e ab
stra
ctio
n ra
te w
ill b
e cl
ose
to th
e an
nual
rech
arge
by
the
year
200
5 - O
ffer
bra
ckis
h w
ater
as t
he h
ighe
st p
oten
tial n
on-c
onve
ntio
nal m
eans
of a
ugm
entin
g th
e co
untry
’s w
ater
reso
urce
s. It
can
be u
sed
dire
ctly
or a
fter d
esal
inat
ion
Supp
ly
Man
agem
ent
- Sto
re th
e Jo
rdan
Riv
er fl
oods
at K
aram
a D
am a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
of d
esal
inat
ion
plan
t at K
ing
Tala
l Dam
to re
duce
the
salin
ity o
f sto
red
wat
er in
the
rese
rvoi
r
- Iso
late
trea
ted
was
tew
ater
from
surf
ace
and
grou
nd w
ater
s use
d fo
r dr
inki
ng, a
nd th
e bl
end
treat
ed e
fflu
ent w
ith re
lativ
ely
fres
her (
fres
h to
br
acki
sh) w
ater
for s
uita
ble
reus
e
- Reh
abili
tate
the
inst
itutio
nal s
truct
ure
and
enha
nce
the
law
s and
by-
law
s - R
ehab
ilita
te th
e in
stitu
tiona
l stru
ctur
e an
d en
hanc
e th
e la
ws a
nd b
y-la
ws
- Adj
ust w
ater
tarif
fs to
enc
oura
ge p
ublic
to sa
ve w
ater
and
con
sum
e le
ss. I
ncre
ase
wat
er ta
riff b
y 8
perc
ent i
n th
e ye
ar 2
005
and
anot
her 8
per
cent
by
the
year
200
6, a
nd in
crea
se o
pera
tion
and
mai
nten
ance
cos
t rec
over
y fr
om le
ss th
an 5
0 pe
rcen
t to
mor
e th
an 1
00 p
erce
nt
- Ado
pt a
new
by-
law
for n
ew a
gric
ultu
ral u
se ta
riff t
o re
duce
and
con
trol
over
dra
fting
and
ille
gal w
ells
.
- Reh
abili
tate
the
wat
er su
pply
syst
ems t
o re
duce
loss
es th
roug
h th
e ne
twor
ks
- Was
tew
ater
is c
onsi
dere
d a
reso
urce
- I
ncre
ase
effic
ienc
y th
roug
h th
e tra
inin
g m
easu
res,
publ
ic a
war
enes
s pro
gram
. - A
fter s
atis
fyin
g th
e lo
cal m
unic
ipal
and
indu
stria
l nee
ds fr
om
unal
loca
ted
wat
er re
sour
ces,
wat
er re
sour
ces s
hall
be a
lloca
ted
to
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
ctio
n in
clud
ing
lives
tock
. - P
rodu
ce h
igh-
inco
me
prod
ucts
to in
crea
se th
e pr
oduc
tivity
of t
he m
eter
cu
be o
f wat
er a
nd to
pay
the
full
cost
of w
ater
with
no
subs
idy
Dem
and
Man
agem
ent
- “N
ew n
on-r
enew
able
gro
undw
ater
sour
ces s
hall
be a
lloca
ted
to m
unic
ipal
and
indu
stria
l use
s as
a fir
st p
riorit
y”. T
he p
olic
y re
cogn
ized
the
impo
rtanc
e of
the
Dis
i wat
er fo
r dom
estic
use
rath
er
than
the
pres
ent a
gric
ultu
ral c
onsu
mpt
ion
- Rec
ogni
ze th
e im
porta
nce
of th
e D
isi w
ater
for d
omes
tic u
se ra
ther
than
th
e pr
esen
t agr
icul
tura
l con
sum
ptio
n
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-9
Con
solid
ated
Con
sulta
nts
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1.5 Investments The “Water Sector Planning and Associated Investment Program 2002-2011” (MWI, 2002) compiled the water sector planning and investment projects over the period 2002-2011 as response to the importance of water for all aspects of economic and social development. The program outlined that no single action can remedy the country’s water shortages; rather many complementary actions are necessary to increase overall water availability. Priority criterion for projects implementation shall be based on:
• Economic, social, and environmental considerations; • Critical Path; and • Sustainability in the light of:
• National water balance; and • Economic, social, and environmental opportunity cost of forgone alternative uses
of water. This could be facilitated by the following projects as assumed by the report:
• Tapping the Disi aquifer for Amman demand centre; • Exchanges of consumption between highland cities and agriculture to replace
Yarmouk River freshwater by treated wastewater; • Wehdeh Dam and Wadi Mujib system; • Hisban/Zara Ma’in brackish water desalination; • Peace Treaty waters; and • Losses reduction in Greater Amman and other cities networks.
According to Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) Investment Program 2002-2006, Disi water is part of the year 2005, the year of full utilisation regarding the freshwater resources, and the project is needed to lessen the impacts of groundwater over-abstraction. The above projects will reduce the groundwater abstraction for municipal and industrial use by 36 MCM for the period 1998 to 2010 and by 25 MCM for longer period 1998 to 2020, as outlined by the World Bank report (2001). In the same time, the wastewater reuse can be increased from 67 MCM in the year 1998 to 232 MCM in the year 2020. Therefore, the reduction in the renewable groundwater abstraction for all uses can reach 122 MCM per year by the year 2020. This will ease the pressure on the Highland aquifers in order to reduce the overdraft and to protect them from salinisation or other types of irreversible damages. According to the Middle East Regional Study on Water Supply and Demand Development (GTZ, 1997), indicates that the development of national water resources will contribute to bridging the water gap but still it is insufficient to cover the growing water deficit in the region. Therefore, additional new water has to be provided. Water imports from areas outside the region by land and/or sea and desalination of sea water using single seashore plants or the intersea project (Red Sea-Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project) are the main options for supplementing the available conventional water in Jordan and the region. The assessment of the different potential options to meet the future demand has considered the technical and economic/financial aspects, as well as the environmental impacts, and socio-economic impacts and the broad political implications. Sea water desalination seems to be the most suitable development option according to the prevailing conditions and available data.
Final Report S-10 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2 PROPOSED PROJECT Rapid population increase in the main cities of Amman, Zarqa and Irbid has placed unprecedented demands on water resources. Total demand is approaching one billion cubic meters per year, which approximates the limits of Jordan's renewable and economically developable water resources. Current demands in many areas, particularly in Amman, have not been met satisfactorily and the costs of developing new water resources are rising rapidly. Although the water sector has been given high priority in all socio-economic development plans since early 1970's, the situation was complicated by the turmoil in the region and the compulsory migration of significant numbers of people to Jordan from other Arab Countries. Disi is a fossil water aquifer extending from the southern edge of the Dead Sea in Jordan to Tabuk area in northwest Saudi Arabia. Significant exploitation of the Jordanian part of the aquifer started in 1980. At present Aqaba city is provided with 16.5 MCM for domestic purposes and. agriculture is consuming 75 MCM. The binding agreement between the Government of Jordan and the four agricultural companies working in the area indicated that water abstraction from Disi aquifer should not exceed 91 MCM per annum. This use will be terminated in 2011 when the current agreements with these companies will expire. Extensive hydro-geological studies carried out by the MWI indicated that additional 100-120 MCM can be drawn from the Disi aquifer for use in Amman to reduce pressure on renewable ground water resources in the highland region. Economic and technical feasibility studies of the conveying Disi water to Amman via a pipeline have been extensively studied by Harza Group in 1998 including three alignment alternatives. The pipeline alignment has been re-evaluated by Brown and Root in 2002 and readjusted in 2003 to avoid as far as possible private land acquisition. Capital and operation and maintenance costs have also been reconsidered in the light of new pricing schedule. The newly adjusted design will in most part of the project follow the alignment of the desert highway from Disi to Amman. 2.1 Origin and Scope The Disi-Mudawarra to Amman Water Conveyance System project has been conceived by the Water Authority of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. The main objective of the project is to convey additional water to Greater Amman Area from the Disi aquifer, to meet the urgent municipal requirements. The Disi project is important and of priority because it provides a reliable source of high quality water that is essential to cover part of the freshwater gap in Jordan’s supply-demand balancing process. At the same time it would not close the country’s growing water gap which requires either the development of non-traditional water resources or additional resources to be imported into the country. The Disi water will form the major portion of the extra water that is planned to partially replace the low quality groundwater consumed domestically in Amman. This issue is of high importance when considering that all the produced wastewater in Amman is directed towards the biggest treatment plant in Jordan As-Samra plant. This in turn will help in upgrading the quality of the treated wastewater, which is stored in King Talal Reservoir and used to fill to some extent the irrigation water urgent needs in Middle Jordan Valley. This project will be executed on a Build, Operate, Transfer (BOT) basis. The Contractor will own and operate the project for a duration of 40 years after which the ownership of the project will be transferred to the Government of Jordan who will then continue to operate the project. However, in the BOT contract, the source of water is not specified to be the Disi Aquifer. The Conveyor is designed for a life-time that exceeds 50 years, but the Government of Jordan has kept its right to
Final Report S-11 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
stop the use of Disi water at any time during those 40 years and use the Conveyor to convey desalinated water from Red Sea at Aqaba. This implies that the Disi conveyor is designed to serve as a “Southern National Carrier” for Jordan. The source of the conveyed water will be the Disi aquifer only until it becomes feasible for the Government of Jordan to develop a major sea water desalination plant at Aqaba city. 2.2 Location Jordan is located within the eastern margins of the Mediterranean climatic zone of the eastern Mediterranean. However, much of Jordan can be classified as semi-desert, with only the western high lands enjoying a Mediterranean climate. In the highlands, the climate is relatively temperate. In the desert the temperature may reach more than 40 °C. In the Jordan Valley, Wadi Araba and Aqaba region the temperature may rise to 45 °C in summer, while in winter the temperature in those areas falls to few degrees above zero. Over 95% of the land area in Jordan has an annual rainfall of less than 200 mm, while only about 2% has more than 350 mm/year rainfall. Snowfall most frequently occurs on the higher hills. The potential evaporation rates range from about 1,600mm/year in the extreme north-western edges in Jordan to more than 4,000 mm/year in the Aqaba and Azraq areas. Within the project area, the geology is of sedimentary origin, ranging in age from Cambrian to Recent. The lower part of the sedimentary succession comprises mainly sandstones of Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic age and is represented by three differentiated geological groups locally known by the names “Rum, Khreim and Kurnub Groups”, while the upper part is mainly composed of limestones, marls and cherts of upper Mesozoic and Cenozoic age and represented by two differentiated geological groups, named locally as “Balqa and Ajloun Groups”. The project area passes through two major geological zones. These are the Sandstone of south Jordan and the limestone plateau. The major geomorphologic features include wadis, trough mountains and hills. The structural setting within the project area is represented by a series of intercalated fluting system in addition to another folding system. The project area is the area between the Disi well fields and Greater Amman and comprises Governorates of Greater Amman, Madaba, Karak, Tafileh, Ma’an and Aqaba. The water will mainly be abstracted from the Dubaydib well field in the Disi-Mudawarra area south of Jordan and conveyed to Amman. The average abstraction from this well field will be 100 MCM/year. Due to in evitable seasonal variations in demands, the flow will be increased in summer to 120 MCM/year and reduced to 80 MCM/year in winter. A 325 kilometre pipeline is to convey the water from Disi-Mudawarra to Amman city. The original route of the conveyor was designed by Harza in 1997 to run adjacent to the main north-south highway with the conveyance pipeline situated within the right-of-way of the highway. A more feasible alternative route for the southern half of the conveyance was proposed by Brown & Root North Africa in 2001, where the pipeline bypasses Ma’an city through the desert and meets the original alignment just before Jurf Al Drawish. This new alignment will allow a conveyance of 150 MCM/year with minimum additional facilities in addition to a considerable reduction in the construction cost. The components of this new design are substantially the same as those in the original final design. Figure 3 shows the optimised alignment of the conveyor to Amman.
Final Report S-12 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Figure 3: Optimised alignment of the Disi-Mudawarra to Amman water conveyance system
Final Report S-13 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The southern well field is the promising source for water. The northern source is a standby which can be connected if the quantity dropped below the 100 MCM. This minimises the risk on Ministry of Water and Irrigation and its Guarantor and encourages participation of private sector in the BOT construction project. 2.3 Major Elements The elements of the Disi project can be divided into the well field facilities and the conveyance facilities. These components are as follows:
• Major well field facilities: • Well-pump, riser and wellhead; • Power supplies and standby generation; • Control and communication facilities including associated instrumentation; and • Minor access roads.
• Major conveyance facilities:
• Conveyance pipeline, appurtenances and access roads; • Railway, wadi and road crossings; • Collector reservoir/Balancing Tank and pump stations; • Regulating Tank; • Flow control station; • Fixed and mobile disinfection stations; • Power supplies, standby generation; • Control centres, accommodation, workshop and depot; • In-line booster station; and • Terminal Reservoir.
A total of 65 wells will be constructed in the Dubaydib well field to produce a flow rate of 120 MCM/year. It is expected that 55-60 wells will yield the required flow leaving a number of wells for standby/rotation. If production is to be increased to 150 MCM/year in the future, a total of 68 wells will be required but 80 wells are to be drilled to allow for rotation/standby or to supplement low yielding wells. A pumping station near the well field raises the water from the well field to a regulating tank on a high point some 20 km north of the start point. The water is pumped from a collector reservoir downstream of the well field through a 1,800 mm diameter steel pipeline to the regulating tank in the vicinity of Batn El-Ghoul. The regulating tank at Batn El-Ghoul is designed to meet control requirements. The tank is also designed with internal baffle walls to ensure sufficient contact time for chlorination. Turn-outs at Tafileh, Karak and Ma’an Governorates are emergency turn-outs recommended for operational flexibility as these three governorates currently have sufficient water supplies of suitable quality and reliability. From the regulating tank, there is a gravity flow to a new reservoir at Abu Alanda, southeast of Greater Amman. However, before reaching Abu Alanda reservoir and at Madaba Bridge, the conveyor splits into two branches: the Dabuk and the Abu Alanda branches. The Dabuk branch is an 1,000 mm diameter steel pipe that extends from Madaba Bridge to an existing pipe at National
Final Report S-14 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Park Pump Station and then towards a newly constructed tank reservoir at Dabuk. The Abu Alanda branch is a 1,600 mm diameter steel pipe that flows to an existing and new reservoir at Abu Alanda. From the regulating tank to the bifurcation point at Madaba Bridge, the water flows under gravity through a 2,000 mm diameter steel pipe. A flow control station is located about half way along the conveyance in the vicinity of Jurf Al Drawish. There are also a number of air valves and washouts to facilitate the draining and filling of the pipeline for maintenance purposes. This pipeline follows the route of the main highway from Aqaba to Amman and crosses the highway and the adjacent railway line at several locations. There are also a number of isolation valves along the pipeline. The final design allowed for a flow of 80 MCM/year to the Abu Alanda reservoirs at the same time as a flow of 40 MCM/year to Dabuk reservoir. At these flow rates, flow to Abu Alanda is under gravity head from Batn El-Ghoul regulating reservoir but booster pumping is required to achieve the flow to Dabuk. The conveyance flow is directed to the new Abu Alanda reservoir which is 10 m lower than the existing reservoir. The higher reservoir will be supplied by small pumps located at Abu Alanda. Flow to the new reservoir at Abu Alanda will be by gravity from the regulating tank up to a total flow of 120 MCM. Booster pumping will be required on this branch if the conveyance flow is to be increased in the future. At Abu Alanda there is an existing concrete reservoir of 12,000 m3 capacity with an inlet level of 999.45 m a.s.l. There is to be a new reservoir of 150,000 m3 capacity in three separate tanks at a lower elevation of 983.6 to 989.1 m a.s.l. To the south of Abu Alanda, about a third of the flow is split and directed towards a new reservoir at Dabuk in the north west of Greater Amman. The Dabuk reservoir is higher than Abu Alanda and the recommended scheme is to include booster pumping on this branch. There is a considerable variation in elevation between the regulating tank and the lowest elevations in the pipe route and, to reduce the required pressure rating of the conveyance in the northern part of the route, a flow control station is included. The flow control station has three control valves, each located between isolating valves, plus chlorination facilities, a standby generator and fuel tank, guard room and control/switch room. The valve room and controls are enclosed under an industrial type building. The receiving reservoir at Dabuk is a newly commissioned 250,000 m3 concrete reservoir in operation. This reservoir receives water at present from Deir ‘Alla source. This reservoir will store water from both the Disi scheme and the Deir ‘Alla schemes in the future. To achieve lower head, astute control measures (i.e., a reduction in isolation valves and the introduction of an off-line pressure relief vent to be used when isolation of the downstream conveyance is achievable) will be used. A summary about the key elements of the project is presented in Table 5.
Final Report S-15 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Table 5: Summary of the key elements of the project Components
Well Field Facilities Number of Wells Depth
Dubaydib Well Field 65 production wells (55-60 wells for production and the rest are standby) to produce a maximum flow of 120 MCM/year
About 800m
Conveyance Facilities Characteristics of Pipe Remarks Main Conveyance Pipeline 1,800-2,000 mm; Steel Pipeline
Dabuk Branch 1,000 mm; Steel Pipeline A connection will be made from this pipe to the reservoir
Abu Alanda Branch 1,600 mm; Steel Pipeline
This will replace or twin the existing 600 mm steel pipe from National Park Pump Stations (NPPS) to Abu Alanda
Southern Pump Stations A total of four pumps with additional two pumps to act as a pair and one under maintenance. Each pump is designed to lift the supply through 160 m.
Batn El-Ghoul Regulating Tank
Provide 6 hours storage; 2x42,000 m3 Provides 3 to 4 hours emergency storage
Jurf Al Drawish Flow Control Station
Three flow control valves, each located between isolating valves; plus chlorination facilities; standby generator & fuel tank; guard room and control/switch room
Booster Pump Station on Dabuk Branch
Reservoirs Characteristics of Reservoirs Remarks
Dabuk Reservoir 250,000 m3; Concrete reservoir that is already in operation
Abu Alanda Reservoir 12,000 m3; Concrete reservoir It is a well known fact that this fossil aquifer in Disi has a life span which extends in the best case to 100 years; therefore the Government of Jordan laid plans that include the Disi Project as part of the framework of water management and development of new resources. The Disi water can fulfil part of the water shortage and is not the complete solution for the problem. Even with all the new sources, due to municipal demands being in excess of available water sources, by year 2015 Ministry of Water and Irrigation will have no choice but to find another new non-traditional source, this being desalination, i.e. from the Gulf of Aqaba, to not only meet local demands in Aqaba itself, but also to extend to the remainder of Jordan through either utilising this project water conveyance system and/or the proposed Red Sea-Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project that will include provisions for desalinization of salt water. Hence, there is a distinct possibility of expanding the role of the water conveyance system into becoming a genuine southern water main after its planning horizon, particularly if the pipeline were to be twinned at that stage. Future proposals for demineralisation of groundwater from deep sandstone formations or future Aqaba desalination options would require conveyance to Amman. In both of these cases, the Disi conveyance system would be the obvious choice of conveyance. The Aqaba supply could be linked at the existing collector reservoir at Batn El-Ghoul. This would allow mixing of desalinated or demineralised water with Disi aquifer water to improve the water quality.
Final Report S-16 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.4 Project Segments For the purpose of this Environmental and Social Assessment Study, the Consultant has divided the project area into three segments. Figure 4 represents these segments.
Segmentation of the Project
Segment A - Southern Segment? Extends from the Well Field to Jurf Al Drawish - Qatraneh Junction (Desert Highway)
Segment B - Middle Segment Extends from Jurf Al Drawish-Qatraneh Junction to beginning of Al Jiza Area (South of Amman)
Segment C - Northern SegmentExtends from Al Jiza to Dabuk and Abu Alanda Reservoirs
Segment A-1 From Disi wells to Batn Al-Ghoul
Segment A-2 From Batn Al-Ghoul to the cross point between Jurf Al-Drawish and the Desert Highway
Segment B-1 From the cross point between Jurf Al-Drawish to the Qatraneh cross road
Segment B-2 From Qatraneh cross road to Al-Jiza area
Segment C-1From Al Jizato Airport bridge
Segment C-2 From Airport bridge to Abu Alanda Reservoir
Segment C-3 From Airport bridge to Dabuk Reservoir
Figure 4: Segmentation of the project area
2.5 Construction and Operational Phases 2.5.1 Project Implementing Organization The Disi Project will be constructed and operated by the private sector as BOT construction project. The Ministry of Water and Irrigation will be responsible for coordination and monitoring of the construction and operational phases of the proposed project. MWI will employ a consultant to monitor various activities during construction as well as monitoring contactors implementation of identified mitigation measures under this study. Since the conveyance system will pass through different cities along its alignment to Amman, it is essential to get the local government involved during the construction and operational phases. Their role will be to help the contactor in getting required local labour, approving required detours for the traffic if needed and assist in previous announcement of areas affected by construction. 2.5.2 Operation of the Project and its Benefits Local labour and technicians will be involved in the operation of the system. Training of employees will be part of the BOT contract to ensure that they can effectively operate and maintain the project once the BOT contract ends and final transfer takes place. The systems will be linked at it final destination to Abu Alanda and Dabuk reservoirs feeding the water supply network in Amman. In addition there will be emergency turnouts along the route as mentioned earlier.
Final Report S-17 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Several anticipated benefits have been identified for this new system including the following:
• Improving the quality of the supplied water to Amman; • Relieving the over-abstracted aquifers by reducing pumping to their safe yield and allowing
natural recharge to take place; • Providing a reliable supply in Amman which enhances the implementation of the rationing
program for distribution of water; • Improving environmental health conditions especially in areas which are getting water less
than what is required by any health standards; • Improving the quality of the treated wastewater in As-Samra Wastewater Treatment plant
which is directed toward the Jordan Valley and used for irrigation; and • Providing and emergency supply to communities along the route.
3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS The Environmental and Social Assessment study for the Disi-Mudwarra to Amman Water Conveyance System addresses the following issues:
• Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework in Jordan; • Applicable World Bank Policies; • Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment; and • Project Specific Environmental and Social Assessment.
Public consultation sessions were held in order to determine the scope of the Environmental and Social Assessment and to obtain feedback on the draft study. The draft and final Environmental and Social Assessment were disclosed within Jordan. The final Environmental and Social Assessment will be disclosed at the World Bank InfoShop. The study is supported with maps available on a CD-ROM submitted with the study. The different components of the study are described below. 3.1 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework in Jordan This section of the study focuses mainly on the institutional and legislative framework, which includes:
• Review of the institutions involved in the management and monitoring of the environment in Jordan, the institutions concerned with legislation and regulation of the sector, and the institutions tasked with enforcing these, with a view to determine the status of the legal and institutional context and to assess the environmental management capacity of the Kingdom, in particular those of relevance to the project.
• Highlight salient features of Jordan’s environmental management capacity, in particular factors that affect the implementation of the project.
Final Report S-18 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3.2 Applicable World Bank Policies This section of the Environmental and Social Assessment addresses the set of policies and procedures that guide the operations of the World Bank and that are set out in the Bank's Operational Manual. It also indicates what safeguard policies are applicable to the proposed project. 3.3 Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment The following is a short description of the issues addressed in the Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment: Section 1 of the Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment presents a detailed literature review and discusses Jordan water resources with and without the new resource of Disi aquifer, which is a non-renewable water resource of high quality. This section also addresses, on a geographical basis the current conditions and implications of not developing the using of Disi water. In Section 2 of the Water Environmental and Social Assessment, a detailed review of Jordan’s water resources is provided with respect to three main issues, which are supply-demand balancing, impacts, and alternatives. In this section, the Consultant provides a review and assessment of the water supply and demand issues based on information from the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and available information on policies, strategies and relevant technical studies for the water sector. Section 3 describes the hydrological and hydrogeological condition of the Disi area and Section 4 covers the hydrogeological and hydrochemical assessment of the affected groundwater aquifer systems and addresses the impacts on Disi-Mudawarra groundwater resources due to the project. Section 5 presents the management plan for the construction sites with respect to issues of sedimentation and diversion of the main wadi sections that could result in high flow disturbance and cause a great deal of erosion. Finally, Section 6 presents the main issues and conclusions related to the water sector and to this project. 3.4 Project Specific Environmental and Social Assessment The ESA report is structured to present the following:
1- Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions; 2- Potential Impacts to the Environmental and Social Settings; 3- Analysis of Alternatives; 4- Environmental and Social Mitigation and Monitoring Measures; and 5- Environmental and Social Management Plan.
Each component assesses the project-specific environmental and social concerns with regard to the following major subjects:
Final Report S-19 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1- Physical Environment; 2- Biological Environment; 3- Agricultural Resources; 4- Social Settings; and 5- Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites.
The assessment process is based on the findings from site investigations, field surveys, interviewing affected populations and groups, literature review, and pin pointing sensitive habitat and archaeological sites. The direct and indirect zones of effect were identified and potential impacts were assessed and quantified whenever possible. The impacts were found to be either temporary or permanent in nature. Cumulative impacts were also evaluated and suitable mitigation and management programs were suggested. To uphold the governmental environmental policy, a planning phase to identify the shape and framework of the environmental and social management plan (ESMP) has been completed during the environmental and social assessment phase. The ESMP is structured as follows:
1- Rational and Justification; 2- Planning and Framework; 3- Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP); 4- ESMP Control; 5- Implementation and Operation; 6- Checking and Corrective Action; and 7- Management Review.
Figure 5 shows the Project-Specific Environmental and Social Management (ESM) process.
Final Report S-20 Consolidated Consultants
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
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SMEN
T D
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MU
DA
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WI
Man
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Fi
gure
5: P
roje
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peci
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SMP
Proc
ess
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-21
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3.5 Maps to Support Environmental and Social Management Plan Development of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been supported by maps produced at a scale of 1:25,000 to show the route of the conveyor and affected areas as well as proposed mitigation measures. These are included in Part C of the Main Report. The ESMP is also supported by GIS maps elaborated with a set of topographical maps and satellite imageries. This system is prepared to present the project-specific sensitive environmental, social and archaeological settings identified within the project direct and indirect zone of effect. The presented sensitive sites were linked to information sheets listing the anticipated impacts, proposed mitigation measures and monitoring programs. This system is reproducible and printable to facilitate maximum access by users and adaptability to any change in the plans and/or environmental and social conditions. 4 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK The Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework study focuses mainly on:
• Institutions involved in the management and monitoring of the environment in Jordan, the institutions concerned with legislation and regulation of the sector, and the institutions tasked with enforcing these, with a view to determine the status of the legal and institutional context and to assess the environmental management capacity of the Kingdom, in particular those of relevance to the project;
• Salient features of Jordan’s environmental management capacity, in particular factors that affect the implementation of the project; and
• Applicable World Bank policies and procedures for the proposed project. 4.1 Institutional and Legislative Framework 4.1.1 Institutions The role of environmental protection within Jordan is divided between various governmental institutions, including the Ministry of Planning, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (including the /Natural Resources Authority), and the Aqaba Special Economic Zone. Each of these institutions has articles in their respective laws granting them the responsibility to maintain and monitor some aspects of environmental elements and quality. The key Institutions involved in the project, the water sector, environmental and social issues are:
• Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) It is the only public sector agency at present in the region that integrates the management of different water user sectors, thus allowing for a cross-sectoral perspective in water allocation and management. This integration provides MWI the opportunity to coordinate water resources allocation and management, taking a cross-sectoral perspective that accounts for irrigation, municipal and industrial needs.
Final Report S-22 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• The Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ) WAJ is responsible for the construction, operation and maintenance of water supply and sewage facilities and the national water resources management under the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. It is an autonomous corporate body with financial and administrative independence. It formulates water supply and sewage policies and prepares water resources management plans. This organization also has the responsibility of supervising the water supply and sewage services being implemented and water protection related environmental issues.
• Jordan Valley Authority (JVA) JVA is the agency acquired the prime authority to plan and implement water services in the Jordan Valley, under the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. As part of this role, JVA has taken measures for strengthened the management for the infrastructure development in the valley. The territory mandated to the Jordan Valley Authority is extensive covering approximately 5,000 km2, and is home to some 300,000 people. The main activity in the Jordan Valley is agriculture with about 360,000 dunums being cultivated.
• Ministry of Environment The Ministry of Environment is the authority in Jordan with lead responsibility for environment protection on national, regional and international level. In addition, all sectors whether government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or the public, have to implement the procedures and instructions issued by the Ministry of Environment. Also, they have to coordinate with the Ministry of Environment in relation to environmental issues when dealing with the Donors.
• Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities/ Department of Antiquities
The responsibilities of Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities / Department of Antiquities are to develop and implement the archaeological policy of the country, promote archaeological sites and conduct public awareness about archaeological sites.
• Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs)
The NGOs provide an important part of the environmental management process in Jordan. Their programs often compliment the work of government, adding to the existing programs or filling gaps in areas where the government is less active.
4.1.2 Applicable National Environmental Legislation To date Jordan has issued a number of laws, regulations, instructions, and standards regarding water management, control, monitoring, and protection against pollution. The following are the key policy and legal requirements that relates to the Disi project: 4.1.2.1 Laws
• Environment protection Law No. (1) of 2003; • Antiquities Protection Law: Antiquities Law No. (21) of 1988; • Land Acquisition Law No. (12) of 1987; • Management of Government Property Law No. (17) of 1974; Leasing and Authorization of
Government Property By-law No. (53) of 1977;
Final Report S-23 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• Privatisation Law No. (25) of 2000; and • Labour Law No. (8) of 1996.
4.1.2.2 Regulations and By-laws
• Underground Water Control By-law No. (85) of 2002; • Subscribers to Drinking Water Network By-law No. (67) of 1994; and • Instructions:
• Water: (1) Drinking water instruction regarding connecting to drinking water and its amendments No. (1) of 2002, (2) Instruction No. (18) of 1998 and its amendments for industrial and commercial wastewater disposal into, and connecting to the public sewers;
• Air: Vehicle equipping of 2002; • Noise: Control and prevention of noise of 1997; and • Occupational Health and Safety.
4.1.2.3 Water Policies Jordan’s Water Strategy (MWI, 1997b) provided the foundation and initiative to formally develop policies addressing specific issues facing Jordan’s water sector. To date, four policies have been developed and accepted by the Council of Ministers. These policies are:
1- Groundwater Management; 2- Irrigation Water; 3- Water Utility; and 4- Wastewater Management.
4.1.2.4 Occupational Health and Safety The following are the applicable instructions concerning “Occupational Health and Safety”:
• Initial Check-up for Workers at Corporations of 1999; • Regular Check-up for Workers at Corporations of 1999; and • Protection of Employees and Workers against Risks Associated with Work of 1998.
4.2 Applicable Policies of the World Bank The operations of the World Bank are guided by a comprehensive set of policies and procedures, dealing with the Bank's core development objectives and goals, the instruments for pursuing them, and specific requirements for Bank financed operations. This is set out in the Bank's Operational Manual.
Final Report S-24 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of the project to help ensure that it is environmentally sound and sustainable. The Operational Policy 4.01 Environmental Assessment of January 1999 applies to the proposed project. The proposed project, and in accordance to WB environmental screening criteria, is classified as Category A1. With respect to Safeguard Policies, the following policies are applicable to the proposed project: Operational Policy 4.01: Environmental Assessment seeks to ensure sound and sustainable environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for the World Bank for financing in order to assist in decision making. Such an EA should be initiated as early as possible in project processing and is integrated closely with the economic, financial, institutional, social, and technical analyses of a proposed project. Operational Policy 4.04: Natural Habitats seeks to ensure that World Bank-supported infrastructure and other development projects take into account the conservation of biodiversity, as well as the numerous environmental services and products which natural habitats provide to human society. Operational Policy Note 11.03: Cultural Property is to avoid, or mitigate, adverse impacts on cultural resources from development projects that the World Bank finances. Operational Policy 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement is triggered in situations involving involuntary taking of land and involuntary restrictions of access to legally designated parks and protected areas. Operational Directive 4.20: Indigenous Peoples, underscores the need for Borrowers and Bank staff to identify indigenous peoples, consult with them, ensure that they participate in and benefit from Bank-funded operations in a culturally appropriate way and that adverse impacts on them are avoided, or where not feasible, minimized or mitigated. Operational Policy 7.50: Projects on International Waterways, provides that World Bank supported projects involving the use of surface or groundwater resources which are shared between two or more countries include a process of notification and provision of information. This is issue is being addressed by the Government of Jordan and World Bank on a separate basis outside the Environmental and Social Assessment.. 5 WATER SECTOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT The Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment provides an evaluation of the key issues in the sector and places the proposed investment project in this broader context. 5.1 Baseline Data Regarding the Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment, the water sector team collected the data from the following sources:
1 (a) Category A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental
impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. EA for a Category A project examines the project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the "without project" situation), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. For a Category A project, the borrower is responsible for preparing a report, normally an EIA (or a suitably comprehensive regional or sectoral EA) that includes, as necessary, elements of the other instruments referred to in para. 7.
Final Report S-25 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• References listed in the Terms of Reference and other references which could be the most reliable and accurate sources. These are:
• 1997 Water Utility Policy (GOJ); • 1998 Irrigation Water Policy (GOJ); • 1998 Wastewater Management Policy (GOJ); • 1997 Jordan Water Sector Review (2 Volumes) (World Bank);∗ • 2001 Jordan Water Sector Review Update (World Bank);* • 2002 Water Sector Planning and Associated Investment Program, 2002-2011
(GOJ);* • Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI) Water Sector Action Plan 2002-2006; • Final Study for Water Sector Master Plan (JICA); • 1997 Jordan’s Water Strategy; • 1998 Groundwater Management Policy; • 1988 Jordan Water Resources Sector Study (World Bank); and • 1997 Middle East Regional Study on Water Supply and Demand Development
(GTZ). • The open files of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI).
In addition, the water sector team and the project manager worked together on the GTZ 1997 Middle East Regional Study on Water Supply and Demand Development and they had communication with the key personnel in the Ministry of Water and Irrigation through a Steering Committee. The present Minister was a member in that steering committee. Therefore, the water sector team studied Jordan’s water resources together with the key persons in the Ministry of Water and Irrigation through the scheduled meetings and benefited from their valuable comments. 5.2 Analysis of Alternatives in the Water Sector Jordan’s water condition has been the reviewed at a variety of levels, examined during the development of projects and is the subject of many studies over the last thirty years. This is due to the real scarcity of water in Jordan and the complex management issues that this raises. Figure 6 presents the estimated year 2000 per capita withdrawal for Jordan compared with countries inside and outside the region. Figure 6 shows that USA withdrawal is more than 10 folds that of Jordan. Even Israel is about 2 folds of that of Jordan. Jordan is considered to be one of the poorest countries in water resources in the world.
∗ The document contains key analytical data for Jordan’s water sector.
Final Report S-26 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1688
1431
894809 786
720597
450 393 387 381313 280
155
0
200
400
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Figure 6: Estimated year 2000 per capita withdrawal for Jordan and other countries
(Source: www.worldwater.org/table2) Disi water could be provided for the present and near future a source of relief that would be key to water problem in Jordan. The former statement is important but at the same time can give a wrong impression about the crucial water situation. The following text will explain in details what kind of options and alternatives Jordan can adopt. The global picture, sometimes is more important than the fine details, therefore, Table 6 is developed to give sharp and direct picture with respect to:
• Implications of no action alternative, which reflects the main impacts of Jordan’s water scarcity;
• Current and Proposed Actions without Disi Project, which explain Jordan’s efforts to relief the water problem;
• Cost Effectiveness to check the action against cost affordability now and near future; • Satisfying Future Demand to check the action supplying water; and • Sufficiency to check the action for fulfilling the future water deficit.
Final Report S-27 Consolidated Consultants
ENV
IRO
NM
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e ra
tioni
ng p
rogr
amm
es
of m
unic
ipal
wat
er su
pplie
s in
sum
mer
seas
ons
In
crea
sing
the
pum
ping
rate
s or
even
con
tinui
ng p
umpi
ng a
t the
pr
esen
t rat
es fr
om a
ffec
ted
basi
ns
(e.g
. Azr
aq a
nd A
mm
an-Z
arqa
B
asin
s) to
mee
t the
futu
re
dom
estic
wat
er d
eman
d w
ill
adve
rsel
y af
fect
the
basi
ns
envi
ronm
enta
lly (e
.g. A
zraq
oa
sis)
Priv
ate
sect
or p
artic
ipat
ion
in p
rovi
ding
serv
ices
for i
nfra
stru
ctur
e de
velo
pmen
t. St
arte
d w
ith A
mm
an M
anag
emen
t Con
tract
and
con
tinua
tion
depe
nds o
n th
e ev
alua
tion
of th
e pe
rfor
man
ce o
f the
LEM
A in
Am
man
1 Mai
n im
plic
atio
ns if
no
Dis
i pro
ject
2 E
xecu
ted,
ong
oing
, and
pro
pose
d pr
ojec
ts a
nd a
ctio
ns if
Dis
i Pro
ject
is im
plem
ente
d or
not
3 C
ost a
ffor
dabi
lity
now
and
nea
r fut
ure
4 Che
ck fo
r sup
ply
pote
ntia
l 5 C
heck
for s
atis
fyin
g fu
ture
dem
and
Sho
rt in
satis
fyin
g th
e re
quire
men
t F
ulfil
l the
requ
irem
ent c
ompl
etel
y or
for s
ome
exte
nd
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-28
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Water resources in Jordan could be the scarcest resource in the world. Jordanians, whether public or government, are acting accordingly and using wisely each drop of water over the arid to semi arid country. The water shortage has been continuously worse, which has forced Jordan to work hard in order to develop all potential water supplies both conventional and non-conventional. These supplies could be divided according to different categories, such as:
• According to supply source:
• Conventional water Surface water; Groundwater
Renewable Non-renewable;
Demand management savings; and Treated wastewater reuse.
• Non-conventional water
Marginal water Fresh to Brackish Grey water;
Desalination water Brackish groundwater desalination Sea water desalination.
• Regional water
Inter-Sea project (Red Sea - Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project); and Import water from outside the region.
• Dry water as import of grains and other agriculture products.
The conventional waters are the most developed sources in Jordan due to the low investment cost required for such development. This fact created an impact on the renewable groundwater, which leads to over exploitation of the source beyond its safe yield. Tapping shallow aquifers requires the lowest investment cost, which leads to salinity of the aquifer and high drawdown. The other source which is close to that is the surface water, which can be divided mainly into two parts:
• Internationally Shared water-Yarmouk and Jordan Rivers; and • National Water-Rivers, Streams and Wadis in Jordan.
Shared water was developed further through treaties and negotiations with Syria and Israel, which lead to execution (or on the way) of the following projects:
• Adassiya Diversion Weir to increase the supply through the tunnel to the King Abdullah Canal (completed in 2001);
• Adassiya pond (ongoing project) to capture flood water from catchment in-between Wehdeh Dam and Adassiya; and
• Wehdeh Dam (ongoing project) to capture flood water from Yarmouk upper catchment.
Final Report S-29 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Streams and wadis in Jordan are considered as potential surface water resources and Jordan is acting accordingly to save each drop of water. This savings are subjected to feasibility studies for all viable issues such as environmental and social issues, technical feasibility, economic feasibility, and others. Demand management savings could be the cheapest source of water according to many studies (as an example GTZ 1997). The cubic meter of water could cost as low as 20 cents. Demand management needs low investment and eases the running cost. Therefore, Jordan considers this option with high priority. Over the years the Ministry of Water and Irrigation has undertaken and continues to undertake with the support of Donors a wide range of actions to support water demand management through technical, pricing and education/awareness programs. The social constrains make the reduction of the agricultural demand too sensitive to tackle. Jordan has no other alternative but to cut from fresh water and to replace it with treated wastewater. This option was implemented with high care due to its environmental impact issues and the need to avoid health risks. The treated wastewater could be the future potential source for agricultural uses. Jordan is working hard to develop these options, which cannot close the gap between the demand and supply but only reduce it. A schematic figure was prepared to give a clear picture of these options as shown in Figure 7. Accordingly, Jordan has started to develop the non-conventional waters, such as using marginal water for irrigation and desalination water for selected domestic uses. The first large-scale desalination plant soon will supply Amman and the Dead Sea resorts with domestic water. Table 7 presents the planned water development projects, which reflects Jordan’s enormous plans to bridge the water gap.
Final Report S-30 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Water Demand
Water Supply
Wat
er D
efic
it
Water Management SavingsLeakage Reduction
Disi Water
Fresh to Brackish (Marginal) Water
Brackish Water DesalinationTreated Wastewater
Reuse
Imported Water From outside the Region Intersea Water
Red-Dead Sea Project
Potential Surface Water
Dams to be executed
Red Sea Shore Desalination
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Unresolved Water Deficit
Potential Groundwater
Figure 7: Jordan Water Gap and Bridging Options
Final Report S-31 Consolidated Consultants
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 7
: Pla
nned
wat
er d
evel
opm
ent p
roje
cts a
nd d
evel
opm
ent a
mou
nt (M
CM
/yr)
Res
ourc
e T
ype
Mai
n Pr
ojec
t Nam
e 1 E
xist
ing
Dev
elop
A
mou
nt
Shor
t T
erm
2001
- 20
05
Mid
T
erm
2006
- 20
10
Lon
g T
erm
2011
- 20
20
2 Incr
emen
tal
Dev
elop
. Am
ount
du
ring
199
8-20
20
Tot
al
Dev
elop
. A
mou
nt b
y 20
20 (1
+2)
Est
imat
ed
Cos
t (J
D)/m
3 R
emar
ks
Exis
ting
Dev
elop
men
t A
mou
nt
303
-
--
-30
3A
lread
y Ex
ecut
ed
Weh
deh
Dam
-
93
- -
93
93
145
Feas
ibili
ty, d
esig
n an
d te
nder
doc
umen
ts.
Com
plet
ed.
Muj
ib D
am
(incl
udin
g ba
se fl
ow)
flow
(dev
elop
.) -
12
--
1212
26O
ngoi
ng
Tanu
r Dam
-
8 -
- 8
8 23
C
ompl
eted
W
ala
Dam
-
5 -
- 5
5 13
Ju
st c
ompl
eted
Sm
all D
ams (
Ibn
Ham
mad
, Kar
ak, a
nd
Mid
dien
) -
- 7
- 7
7 12
Fi
nanc
e is
not
secu
red
Fida
n D
am
- 3
- -
3 3
8 Fe
asib
ility
. and
Ten
der
Doc
umen
t Com
plet
ed
Wat
er H
arve
stin
g -
-
15
15
15
Fi
eld
inve
stig
atio
ns
com
plet
ed
Surf
ace
Wat
er
Tota
l
30
312
17
1514
344
622
7
Des
alin
atio
n C
onve
yor t
o U
rban
Jo
rdan
33
27-
-27
60-
-
Stor
age
on Jo
rdan
R
iver
and
Sid
es
Wad
is
-
-
30-
3030
--Pe
ace
Wat
er
Tota
l
33
2730
-57
9010
0 O
ngoi
ng F
inan
cing
is
bein
g so
ught
Ren
ewab
le G
W
Red
uctio
n of
the
Abs
tract
ion
420
-5
2-3
1-6
2-1
4527
5-
-
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-32
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 7
: Pla
nned
wat
er d
evel
opm
ent p
roje
cts a
nd d
evel
opm
ent a
mou
nt (M
CM
/yr)
(con
td.)
Res
ourc
e T
ype
Mai
n Pr
ojec
t Nam
e 1 E
xist
ing
Dev
elop
A
mou
nt
Shor
t T
erm
2001
- 20
05
Mid
T
erm
2006
- 20
10
Lon
g T
erm
2011
- 20
20
2 Incr
emen
tal
Dev
elop
. Am
ount
du
ring
199
8-20
20
Tot
al
Dev
elop
. A
mou
nt b
y 20
20 (1
+2)
Est
imat
ed
Cos
t (J
D)/
m3
Rem
arks
Dee
p G
W
inve
stig
atio
n
-
- -
- 13
Fi
nanc
e is
not
secu
red
Dis
i
70-5
a27
3860
130
420
BO
T, U
pdat
ed
Feas
ibili
ty. D
esig
ns a
nd
Tend
er.d
oc. c
ompl
eted
La
joun
Wel
ls
- (1
1)*
- -
(11)
* (1
1)*
13
Com
plet
ed
Foss
il Fr
esh
Gro
undw
ater
Tota
l
70
-527
3860
130
446
W
. Zar
qa M
a’in
/Zar
a C
onve
yanc
e Pr
ojec
t -
20**
20**
-40
**40
70Fe
asib
ility
. Com
plet
ed
and
awar
ded
as D
BO
El
-Laj
oun
Des
alin
atio
n Pr
ojec
t -
-13
2336
36-
Not
yet
Dei
r Alla
(Abu
Ez-
Zigh
an) D
esal
inat
ion
Plan
t -
-
99
95
Ong
oing
Bra
ckis
h G
roun
dwat
er
Des
alin
atio
n (in
clud
ing
brac
kish
sprin
g)
Tota
l
-20
33
23
8585
75
Sea
wat
er D
esal
inat
ion
A
qaba
Sea
Wat
er
Des
alin
atio
n -
5-
1217
1714
A fe
asib
ility
stud
y is
on
goin
g
As-
Sam
ra T
P 46
21
-6
b
22
3783
105
BO
T Fe
asib
ility
, des
ign
and
tend
. Doc
. Com
p.
Secu
red.
Fin
ance
Wad
i Zar
qa T
P -
- 40
14
54
54
59
Fe
asib
ility
. and
des
ign
com
plet
ed
Exis
ting
5 TP
s 2
2 2
2 6
8 -
Feas
ibili
ty. a
nd d
esig
n co
mpl
eted
Aqa
ba w
aste
wat
er
proj
ect
16
2529
3185
101
25St
age
1 co
mp.
Sta
ge II
on
goin
g. S
ecur
ed
Fina
nce
Reu
se o
f Tre
ated
W
aste
wat
er
Tota
l
64
4865
6918
224
618
9
Gro
und
Tota
l 89
0 16
4 13
1 10
4 39
9 1,
289
1037
Tota
l Am
ount
by
Targ
et Y
ear
890
1,05
4 1,
185
1,28
9 -
1,28
9 10
37
So
urce
: Upd
ated
Inve
stm
ent P
rogr
am 2
002
to 2
011
and
JIC
A M
anag
emen
t Pla
n 20
01
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-33
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
All of the above options will be in short of bridging the future water need gap. Table 8 extracted from GTZ study 1997 presents the water gap expected at year 2010 and 2040. The water demand could be more than 30 % unsatisfied. Therefore, regional projects could be the only solution for Jordan’s future need of domestic water. The intersea project, involving construction of the Red Sea - Dead Sea Water Conveyor, could be more feasible than other projects regarding economy, socially, politically, and environmentally, etc. Table 9 developed by GTZ 1997 study, estimates the unit cost for such options.
Table 8: Water Demand, Supply and Gap for the Base Scenario (MCM/yr)
Year 2010 2040 Domestic 488 1209 Industrial 129 170 Irrigation 1088 1088 Total demand 1705 2467 Supply 1083 1669 Deficit (%) of Demand -622 (36.5%) -798 (32.3%)
Table 9: Non-conventional options for Jordan to ease the water problem
Option Sub-option Quantity MCM/yr
Delivery Point
Unit Cost US $/m3
Total Unit Cost to Amman
Seawater Desalination
Single RO* Desal. Plant
50 Med Coast 0.68 0.97
Red-Dead Intersea
850 Dead Coast Not available
1.01
Med-Dead Intersea
800 Dead Coast 0.42 0.72
Water Import by Sea
Used Tankers 200 Med Coast 0.83 1.12
New Water Tankers
200 Med Coast 1.12 1.41
Large Vinyl Bags
200 Med Coast 0.55 0.84
Water Import by Land
Pipeline from Turkey
150 Lower Jordan River
1.44 -
Amman 1.65 1.65 200 Lower
Jordan River 1.36 -
Amman 1.54 1.54 Pipeline from
Iraq 150 Lower
Jordan River 0.94 -
Amman 1.13 1.13 Pipeline from
Lebanon 150 Lower
Jordan River 0.15 -
Amman 0.68 0.68 * RO: Reverse Osmosis
The above discussion indicates that Disi water is part of the groundwater option, which can be divided into two main parts:
• Renewable-all aquifers except Disi and Jafer; and • Non-Renewable-Disi and Jafer.
Final Report S-34 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Renewable groundwater resources represent the main part of the current water supplies in Jordan. The capital Amman receives its water supply for different purposes but solely for domestic uses mainly from:
• Groundwater basins adjacent to Amman specifically Amman-Zarqa Basin, Azraq, and Mujib Basins; and
• Treated Surface water from Yarmouk River at Zai water treatment plant. The main aquifer systems in these groundwater basins are highly overexploited whereas the Upper Aquifer Complex in the Sara Basin is over pumped by more than twice its safe yield capacity. Similar situation can be said for the Amman-Zarqa Basin. During the last two decades the water table had dropped by tens of meters in these basins whereas discharge of natural water springs had been stopped. For example:
• The two Azraq North and South springs, which were supplying the internationally recognized Azraq Oasis (wetland); and
• Ruseifa and Sukhna springs in the Amman-Zarqa Basin. Additionally, many hand-dug wells in the Azraq Basin were dried up completely. It is worth mentioning that the water quality in these two basins had been deteriorated by the continuous decline of the water table. The water quality deterioration at Azraq basin is associated with the irrigation of the salty water in the Sabkha at the centre of the Azraq basin. The present groundwater abstraction exceeds the safe yield by more than 230%. Consequently the salinity of some groundwater wells has been increased from few hundred milligrams per litre to more than few thousands of milligrams per litre. The groundwater salinity in the Amman-Zarqa Basin has also increased from few hundreds of milligrams per litre in the early eighties to more than few thousands by milligrams per litre at the time being specially in the area of the industrial activities in Sara city. Increasing the pumping rates or even continued pumping with the present rates from these two basins (Azraq and Amman-Zarqa Basins) to meet the future water demand in greater Amman will adversely affect the water resources in these two basins to a point where the two basins will be completely destroyed and consequently rehabilitation and restoration will not be achieved for a very long time. The future reduction of the rates of groundwater abstraction from these basins will result in sustainable yields and booth increase the quantity and improve the water quality of these groundwater resources over the long term. Such a situation cannot be reached unless other sources for Amman water supply are put in operation. The present water salinity of the supplied water is ranging between 700-900 mg/l. This salinity is still within the Jordanian drinking water standards by taking into consideration the upper limit of the water salinity in the standards which is 1,500 mg/l, which is the expected case of future quality of the supplied water if no other resources of water are used to supply Amman. The continuous use of groundwater for Amman will also negatively affect the quality of the municipal wastewater prior to and after treatment due to its high salinity. In order to supply Amman with the necessary water supplies, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation has drilled deep wells in the Lajoun area to tap a portion of the Disi Aquifer. The water quality from these drilled wells is not similar to that in Disi area which is further south in Jordan. The salinity of the water from these wells is about double the value of wells in the Dubaydib area and the presence of iron and manganese in the water requires that it be treated by aeration prior to use
Final Report S-35 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
for water supply. In addition, the quantity of the discharge from these wells is lower than those in southern Jordan. In the case of water supplies being provided to Amman from the Rum Aquifer (Dubaydib Well field), which has a salinity of less than 300 mg/l, the wastewater will be significantly less saline which will allow for a better quality effluent from the SWWTP. In addition, if alternative treatment technologies were adopted at the SWWTP such as the use of mechanical treatment, a better quality treatment could be obtained than from the currently used natural stabilization ponds. When combined these changes would allow for the collected flood and treated wastewater in the King Talal reservoir to be acceptable for use on most crops in the Jordan Valley. The Disi-Amman Water Conveyor is listed by Ministry of Water and Irrigation as a PSP project. The proposed project has been given the highest priority by the MWI for construction because it will provide water of excellent quality to Amman at a time when there is great need to reduce overdraft of water from rechargeable aquifers on the plateau. Also it should facilitate the filling of the Al- Wehdeh reservoir even if the dam is completed during a drought period. Besides the Disi pipeline will be an important link in the development of a national pipeline network. Should the Red Sea – Dead Sea Water Conveyor or an alternative water transfer project be developed in the future, the Disi pipeline would be critical for the transfer of water back to the south. This would be done to conserve the Disi reservoir for emergencies or to supply water to the south if the Disi reservoir by then has been fully exploited. Finally, water resources of Jordan continue to be scarce. If they are allocated based on sound scientific information and value oriented pricing, this precious national resource has the potential of meeting demands and contributing to the national economy for several decades more. The use of reclaimed water and water-efficiency schemes must continue to be implemented. Once these fairly traditional initiatives have been exhausted, additional supplies such as desalination of brackish water and the Red-Dead Seas project may become more attractive. 5.3 Potential Impacts Table 10 presents a summary of the potential impacts of the Disi-Mudawarra Water System on the Water Sector in Jordan. The direct and indirect implications were summarised on the basis of using Disi water. The cumulative impacts developed in Table 10 show the importance of the Disi water for Jordan. Figure 8 explains these impacts in terms of enhancing the domestic water in both directions; the consumed water and the resulting wastewater influent to the Amman wastewater collection and treatment system.
Final Report S-36 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Table 10: Potential Impacts of the Disi-Mudawarra Water System on the Water Sector in Jordan
Direct Indirect
Physical
Supply additional domestic water to the Greater Amman Area and increase the share of per capita for domestic demand
Cumulative Reduce the damage in quality
of groundwater in the relieved aquifers where the high water table will lower the hydraulic gradient between the fresh water and the lower quality
Relieve the over exploited aquifers and elevate the water table level in the relieved aquifers
Improve the quality of water in the relieved aquifers
Biodiversity
The reduction in the abstraction will increase the baseflow of streams which in turn would enhance the biodiversity at wetlands associated to the streams
The reduction in the abstraction will enhance the renewable process of the Azraq aquifer and associated wetland as an example which in turn would enhance the biodiversity at Azraq Oasis
Enhance the wetlands condition in many areas of Jordan
Agricultural
Reduce the salinity at irrigated lands due to reduction in salinity accumulated in soil column Enhance soil characteristic
for more profitable condition for better growing crops
The treated wastewater will be of better quality and of reliable quantity again due to the characteristics of the Disi source and the treated wastewater in KTDR will be acceptable for irrigation purposes for most crops planted in the Jordan Valley
Improve the cropping condition in the southern Ghour
Social
A reliable quantity and a better quality of water will have positive implications on health aspects of the society
Increase in the reliability of the system will decrease the losses and enhance the water consumption share for poor households
Improve the health condition of consumers due to reliable and good quality water consumed
Final Report S-37 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Water Quality Enhancement
High Supply Reliability
Increased Quantity
Over Exploited and Exhausted Aquifers Relief
Summer Consumption
Assurance
Wastewater Quality Enhancement
Efficient Wastewater Treatment
Better Quality of Treated Wastewater to be used at
Jordan Valley for Agriculture
Greater Amman Main Demand
Centre
Disi Well Fields
Specific Supply Centre
Figure 8: Illustration of the reason for conveying Disi Water to Amman
5.3.1 Direct and Indirect The Water Sector Environmental and Social Assessment identified the following potential impacts associated with the proposed project:
• It would withdraw fossil water from the Disi aquifer and convey it to Greater Amman for domestic water supply and industry.
• The Disi water would provide Greater Amman with access to a reliable high quality source of water that improves public health and overall environmental conditions.
• The use of Disi water will improve the quality of wastewater conveyed to the SWWTP and later to the King Talal Dam Reservoir which will in turn allow for an enhanced treated effluent for agricultural use in the Jordan Valley.
• The use of Disi water would provide an opportunity to relieve the overexploitation of upland aquifers and provide an opportunity for their rehabilitation and restoration.
• Important hydrological benefits would occur to the Azraq aquifer and its associated wetland of international significance that have been very adversely impacted by excessive withdrawal of groundwater.
Final Report S-38 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• Although the Disi project would provide significant amounts of water to Greater Amman it would not close the gap in water demand and will need to be complemented with actions to both mobilize additional water resources and to address demand management especially non-traditional sources.
5.3.2 Cumulative Impacts 5.3.2.1 Disi Aquifer System The impact of the Disi project is centred on the availability of fresh water, which can elevate the pressure from the overexploited aquifers such as those of thee Azraq and Amman-Zarqa basins. Therefore, the simulation of the existing groundwater flow and solute transport models of Azraq and Amman-Zarqa basins took into consideration the operation of Disi Mudawarra conveyance system as “with” and the present situation “without” the proposed project, in order to define the problems of groundwater withdrawal and deterioration in both basins. In order to stimulate the benefits of Disi project on the groundwater resources of Amman-Zarqa basin, the groundwater abstraction of the year 2000 will be reduced by 25% and 50% of the abstracted amount of 2000 after extending the same abstraction till the year 2008, which is the expected date of Disi project operation, and the reduction percentage is simulated to 2050. Reducing the abstracted amount of 2000 by 25% showed that the water level will rise by 15 meters and the water quality will be improved by 4,500 µS/cm (i.e., becomes 5,500 µS/cm). The second part of this scenario is to reduce the abstraction rate of the year 2000 gradually by 50% up to 2008; after 2008, this reduced rate is to be maintained up to the year 2050. The water level in this case will rise by 25 m and the water quality will be improved by 6,200 µS/cm (i.e., becomes 3,800 µS/cm). As for Azraq Basin, the scenario simulated a 50% and 25% reduction of its present abstraction rate from the AWSA wells (domestic purposes). The results of these two options show that by the reduction of AWSA wells abstraction by 50%, the water level will be recovered by 8 meters while the EC-values will stay the same as in the year 2000. Similar value was found to occur in the same observation well (AZ-12) when abstraction rates of AWSA wells are reduced by 25%. This observation well is located near AWSA- well field. But for AZ-10, the water level and the EC will stay the same because the well is located near the farm area. The above detailed simulation has been carried out in order to prove the effectiveness of the Disi water to relief the constrain of the overexploited aquifers. The proposed reduction can be handled and can be replaced by Disi water. As a result of the use of Disi water the wastewater will be of better quality due to the good quality of the water consumed in Amman. This will enhance the quality of the disposed treated wastewater, which will be consumed in Ghor area of the Jordan Valley for irrigation. This could be among the most important cumulative impact from the Disi project. 5.3.2.2 Overall Cumulative Impacts Cumulative impacts include all individual or collective impacts that will affect positively or negatively the society concerned and economic activities during the project life. Those impacts comprise the different stages of the project set-up from construction, operation and maintenance and administration during the concession period.
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The policy adopted by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation is to build the Disi Conveyance System on BOT basis (Build, Operate and Transfer). The project assets will be transferred to the MWI following the termination of the Concession Period of 40 years including the construction phase of about 4.5 years. The project involves the establishment of a competent private company with long outstanding experience in similar projects to undertake the following process:
1- Production of 100-120 MCM from Disi aquifer including the digging of 65-85 ground wells;
2- The construction and maintenance of the pipe; 3- The utilisation of the five turnouts to supply the five other governorates with water in case
of emergency; and 4- The Administration of the system through the project life.
The role of the Contractor is to supply water to WAJ terminal reservoirs of Abu-Alanda and Dabouq. The distribution of water through the existing network and collection of water fees will be the responsibility of WAJ. It is expected that the same personnel of WAJ, offices and collection system will continue through the Concession Period. The Disi Conveyance System will ultimately provide continuous water supply of best quality to Amman residential area. It will have positive cumulative impact on the public health in the region as well as on other areas in the direct zone of influence where salinity is increasingly affecting drinking water supply from underground resources. A clean water supply combined with good public awareness will have direct and cumulative impact on the household health conditions overtime. It is expected that substantial decline in water borne diseases will occur as a result of the Disi water quality. The wastewater produced will be of better quality due to the quality of the consumed water. This will be reflected on the treatment process and the quality of the treated wastewater. The treated wastewater will enhance the condition of irrigated land in the direction of more profitable cropping. Over extraction of ground water from Azraq, Amman-Zarqa basins in the last 20 years to cover water shortages in the cities of Amman, Zarqa and Irbid has substantially affected water tables in all aquifers at both basins. Mining of ground water aquifers at Azraq has far exceeded recharge to the extent that Azraq ponds and their associated wildlife and vegetation have been significantly reduced in size and their quality degraded. A large portion of the Azraq Oasis which served as a sanctuary for migrating birds, turned now been turned into desert. It is expected that water tables in these aquifers may be restored to normal within 10-15 years should the present level of extraction come to end. The supply of Disi water resources to Amman would eventually assist in the restoration of depleted aquifers and in the case of Azraq allow for partial restoration of the oasis and its wetland functions. 5.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan The Disi water resource is a very valuable one and efficient management of it is therefore critical. This high standard of management is needed in order to maximise the benefits of staged development of the resource and conveyance system to Greater Amman. (Harza Group-Executive Summary, 1996). In general, it is crucial that the Water Authority of Jordan be equipped with the manpower capacities and capabilities especially to co-ordinate various imminent major projects. As this project is of a complex nature and will also be the largest water conveyance scheme to be implemented in Jordan, it is imperative that a “Project Specific Office” be established as soon as
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possible within the Water Authority of Jordan. This will ensure that the competent professionals to be assigned to this office are involved at the outset with the formulation and development of system components of not only this project but also other pending projects. 5.4.1 Elements The Water Authority of Jordan has identified the several elements that can be implemented to enhance the Environmental and Social Management Plan in the Water Sector; the following are some of these elements:
• Implementing the rationing program for water supply all over the Kingdom; • Implementing comprehensive programs for rehabilitation of water supply networks to
reduce losses; • Replacing the fresh water by marginal water in irrigation; • Limiting the water provided for agriculture and preventing any expansion; • Implementing projects for desalination of brackish water for domestic use; • Implementing training programmes for capacity building of its employees; • Conducting public awareness campaigns related to availability of water and its wise use; • Monitoring the water quality at their sources; • Monitoring abstractions from wells by installing meters; and • Prevention of new wells without prior licensing.
The specific elements related to the management of the Disi Project have been identified based on the findings of the water sector study team and the extensive discussions carried out with key personnel in MWI. These are listed below:
• The implementation of the Disi project should remain on schedule and not to be deferred;
• Emergency turnouts should be provided on-route; • Using the Disi water only for domestic consumption in Greater Amman; • No agriculture water from Disi after the end of ongoing contracts; • Disi area and Aqaba will continue to use Disi water for domestic consumption; • After the operation of the Disi conveyor, the monitoring results will be used to
conduct a groundwater solute transport model, which is normally constructed on the flow model, in order to simulate the future water quality changes due to water abstraction from Dubaydib area only or Dubaydib and Batn El-Ghoul wellfields.
5.4.2 Parties Responsible Table 11 below presents the main responsible parties in the project.
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Table 11: Parties responsible Key Institution Responsibility
Ministry of Water and Irrigation Development of integrated management of different user sectors Water Authority of Jordan The construction, operation and maintenance of water supply and
sewage facilities Jordan Valley Authority Implementing water supply services in the Jordan Valley and
replacing the fresh water by treated wastewater in irrigation Ministry of Environment Environment protection (monitoring & mitigation) Ministry of Health Monitoring water quality of the source Ministry of Municipal Affairs Urban planning, and solid waste collection Department of Antiquities Monitoring and protection of archaeological sites Royal Society for Conservation of Nature Monitoring and protection of natural habitats along the corridor 5.5 Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building The Ministry of Water and Irrigation including its two authorities the Water Authority of Jordan and the Jordan Valley Authority have extensive programmes for capacity building of their employees. A training centre was established where regular training is carried out for all employees and in particular for engineers and technicians to keep them well informed of new techniques and improve their skills in operation and maintenance of the different facilities in the water sector. The objectives of having these training programs are:
• To achieve the objectives set by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation of Jordan; • To assist the WAJ and JVA in responding to their needs by building the capacities and
setting plans for the available personnel; • To encourage and motivate the employees in exerting their best efforts in achieving the
public objectives; • To change the behaviour of the individuals so that they become responsive to crisis events
and able to find appropriate solutions for problems faced; • To achieve best use of available human resources by redistributing the employees in order
to have them in positions suitable to their capabilities; • To provide the trainees with the knowledge, experience and recent methods for developing
their work performance, building their administrative and functional capacities, and enhancing their productivity;
• To assist the trainees in achieving their ambitions towards personal development and advancement;
• To assist in attracting human resources and maintaining them for the longest possible time period;
• To enhance career planning of which training constitutes a main support; and • To assist in finding new leaders in the sector.
The continued use of these training programs and development of special training to meet the specific needs of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation staff involved will be important for successful implementation and operation of the Disi project.
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6 PROJECT SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT The Project Specific Environmental and Social Assessment provides an evaluation of the proposed investment project including both the construction and operation phases. 6.1 Baseline Environmental and Social Data 6.1.1 Physical Environment 6.1.1.1 Climate Jordan is located within the eastern margins of the Mediterranean climatic zone of the eastern Mediterranean. Much of Jordan can be classified as semi-desert, with only the western high lands enjoying a Mediterranean climate. In the highlands, the climate is cold and wet in the winter with temperatures reaching a few degrees below zero during night, to hot and dry in summer with temperatures reaching 35 ºC at noon and dropping at night to less than 20 ºC. In the desert, temperatures reach more than 40 ºC during summer and drop in winter to a few degrees above zero. Temperatures in the Jordan Valley, Wadi Araba and Aqaba region can rise to 45 ºC in summer, while in winter the temperature in those areas falls to a few degrees above zero. Over 95% of the land area in Jordan has an annual rainfall of less than 200 mm, while only about 2% has more than 350 mm/year rainfall. The potential evaporation rates range from about 1,600 mm/year in the extreme north-western edges of Jordan to more than 4,000 mm/year in the Aqaba and Azraq area. 6.1.1.2 Geology, Geomorphology and Structure Jordan can be divided into five physiographic regions, based on its general topography and geology:
• The Basement Complex area in the southern parts of Jordan close to Aqaba city; • The Sandstone area of southern Jordan; • The Limestone Plateau in the highlands and interior deserts; • The Basalt desert in the North-eastern Parts of Jordan; and • The Rift Valley, forming Jordan's western borders.
Within the project area, the geology is of sedimentary origin, ranging in age from Cambrian to Recent. The sedimentary succession is thick and ranges between 2,000 and 3,000 m formed mainly due to series of regional sea regression and transgression. The lower part of the sedimentary sequence comprises mainly of sandstones of Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic age, and is represented by three differentiated geological groups, known locally by the names “Rum, Khreim and Kurnub Groups”. The upper part of this sequence is mainly composed of limestones, marls and cherts of upper Mesozoic and Cenozoic age, represented by two differentiated geological groups, named locally as “Balqa and Ajloun Groups”.
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6.1.1.3 Seismic Status Segment A (from Disi well field to Jurf Al Drawish-Desert Highway meeting point) of the project corridor is located within the Aqaba region. The Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea region is well known for being an active seismological region. Between 1994 and 1999 there were 15 earthquakes recorded in the Aqaba area. The highest magnitude occurred in 1995 (5.7 on Richter scale). No serious damages were reported in Aqaba area due to these earthquakes. 6.1.1.4 Air Quality and Noise Level Status The major sources of noise and dust within Segment C (from Al Jiza to Dabuk and Abu Alanda Reservoirs – Amman Area) of the project corridor can be related to different human activities, though no primary source(s) of noise and/or air quality deterioration can be identified. Segments B-1 (from Jurf Al Drawish-Desert Highway meeting point to Al Qatraneh) and A-2 (From Batn El-Ghoul to Jurf Al Drawish-Desert Highway meeting point) suffer from air quality deterioration and high noise levels due to the phosphate extraction and manufacturing processes practiced in the Hasa and Al-Abyiad mines and carried by the Jordanian Phosphate Mining Company. 6.1.2 Biological Environment The biological environment along the proposed alignment has been subject to a field based study program that found that Segment A, in the southern section of the project area, was the most sensitive segment of the alignment from an ecological perspective. It crosses some significant biological areas at Hizma Basin, which includes Rum and Disi areas. The area of Hizma basin is considered an important bird area in Jordan and is highlighted as an important area for conservation. The Jordanian desert, on the other hand, enjoys special ecological characteristics and supports a wide variety of habitats harbouring diverse communities and offering a variety of migrant bird species the vital refuge they need during their long journeys. Biogeographically, the alignment crosses the four different bio-geographic regions recognized in Jordan, i.e. Mediterranean region, Irano-Turanean region, Sudanian Sub-Tropical region, and Saharo Arabian region. The dominant habitat type in the project area is the Hammada type and specifically the gravel Hammada. Hammada areas are usually devoid of vegetation except at wadi runoffs that can support vegetation. Irano-Turanean (treeless zone) realm is evident at the alignment part that extends along the Desert Highway (Segment C-1) where soil is moderately productive and is best used for moderate herbivory. Substantial green stands accrue at large wadis such as wadi Al-Abiad and wadi Al-Hasa. Saharo Arabian on the other side is present along the alignment that crosses the desert areas of Segments (A-2) and B. The soil is very poor and mostly of the Hammada type with some sandy, saline soils or mud flats. The vegetation is very poor, and is restricted to watersheds and water runoffs where enough moisture is available to support some vegetation. The most common species found there are Artemisia herba-alaba, Achillea fragrantissima, Astragalus spinosa, Zilla spinosa, Rheum palaestinum, Reichardia tengitana, and many others.
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The Sudanian realm is evident in area north of and within Disi north of Aqaba (Segment A-1). The soil is mostly sandy. Saline soils occur discretely in this region. There are also hilly limestone regions, the high mountains of wadi Rum as well as the sand dunes of Al-Mudawarra desert in the south. Vegetation is related to tropical varieties like Acacia spp., Cleome africana, Halocnemum strobiulaceum, and Hammada salicornica. The Mediterranean bioregion (C) is mainly the non-forest Mediterranean type that is devoid of naturally occurring forest elements. Human plantations, afforestations and private farms account for the existing tree stands in the area. Various habitats have been identified along the alignment. These are:
• Runoff vegetation that is mainly confined along wadis crossing the desert and offers suitable habitats for a variety of plant species;
• Sand dunes vegetation that is restricted to sandy areas at Mudawarra, Batn El-Ghoul, Rum and Disi;and
• Hammada vegetation, which covers vast areas of the eastern Plateaus of Jordan and provides microhabitats for wildlife.
The southern segment is considered the richest in term of habitat diversity. Three local hotspots for management were identified in this segment. These hotspots are Important Bird Areas (IBAs), which are sites providing essential habitat to one or more species of breeding, wintering, and/or migrating birds. Furthermore, these sites are ecologically important owing to their unique habitats and natural resources supporting a wide variety of faunal and avifaunal communities. Namely, these areas are:
• Wadi Abu Tarfah (a part of a larger Wadi): The area is home for threatened mammals such as the caracal and the desert gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa;
• Hisma Basin – Rum-Disi (Rum area is home for various threatened plant species such as Acacai raddiana, and endemic species such as Cleome arabica and some threatened mammals also inhabit the area such as the hyena, the Arabian wolf, Porcupine, and desert gazelle; and
• The Desert Plains Covering the Middle and Southern Segment. Hammada habitat is wintering ground for specific migratory birds along the palaearctic migratory route, where important population of global important colonies follow this route and utilize the area in winter time, like Cranes (Grus grus). Hence, it represents a major flyway for migratory birds, which indeed considered a major part for the African Eurasian flyway. Migratory birds follow this flyway during migration from their breeding ground in the north and wintering grounds in the south. A more detailed description on these areas is presented in the main report.
In terms of floral diversity, a total of 150 vascular plants were recorded and basically, species diversity reflects habitat diversity and is related to changing physical and edaphic factors along this extended alignment that crosses the four bio-geographical regions in Jordan. Significant plant communities were recorded along the alignment such as the Tamarix nilotica stands along Al-Abiad and Al-Hasa wadis and the limestone Hammada vegetation at wadi runoffs. Acacia stands that occur in Abu Tarfa wadi and extends to Disi and are dominated by Acacia raddiana, which is considered regionally, threatened species; Sand dunes vegetation dominated by Haloxylon persicum at Rum area; and Haloxylon-Hammada salicornicum association at Batn El-Ghoul area.
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Faunal diversity was also investigated. A number of endangered animals were recorded and the most important ones indicated. The Hammada provide habitat for a variety of other wildlife, including mammals and insects. Small mammals such as Jerboas and hares are an important food source to many birds of prey. Mammals occurring within the project area include a number of globally threatened species such as the Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Arabian wolf (Canis lupus), and Rupelli Fox (Vulpes rupellii). Large mammalian species have always received considerable conservation efforts being highly susceptible to persecution and due to the lack of awareness of the ecological role such species play in a given ecosystem. Reptilian diversity was also investigated and a total of 46 species are expected to dwell areas along the alignment. Three CITES species were identified: the desert Monitor (Varanus gresius), the Spiny tailed lizard (Uromastix aegyptia microlepis) and the European camealeon (Camealeo camaeleon). The Badia represents a major flyway for migratory birds. Considerable proportions of birds of Jordan were recorded to breed, dwell or pass through the Badia. Some of these birds are only known to occur in this area. These areas are also important for birds of prey, including migratory, such as the wintering Imperial Eagle and Buzzards where they rely on these habitats for hunting and roosting. Many raptor species congregate overnight at communal traditional roost sites while on migration. In fall, the Badia provides food to attract migrating larks, buntings, and a wide variety of Chats. Large flocks of waterfowl and wildfowl sometimes feed in flooded portions of Qa’a’s during migration, and it is considered the most important wintering habitat along the Eurasian Migratory Flyway. Over 300 species of birds were recorded at the area, which until recently was a significant area for breeding and non-breeding water birds. Three globally threatened bird species occurring in the Jordanian Desert were recorded. These are the Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus), the Corncrake (Crex crex) and the Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulata). 6.1.3 Agricultural Resources Large scale irrigated agriculture has been practiced in the Disi-Mudawarra area since 1986. Four agricultural companies are operating in the area: Arab International Company for Agricultural Development (ARICAD), Alwafa for Agricultural and Animal Development (WADICO), Grains fodders and Meat Production Company (GRAMECO), and Rum Agricultural Company (RUM). The agricultural practices in the Disi area depend on non-renewable water resources, which cannot be sustained indefinitely. Agricultural production process in Disi area indicates an adverse impact in exploiting the groundwater resource from Disi aquifer. The resource is primarily non-renewable and will, on the very long run, be depleted. Moreover, the resource is used to produce agricultural products in an inefficient way. At Disi farms, same level of outputs is being produced with more irrigation water as compared to other places where irrigated agriculture is practiced in the country. For example, wheat grown in Disi area needs 3.6 times irrigation water as much as wheat grown in other places in the country. On average and under irrigated agriculture conditions, one kilogram of wheat produced in Jordan needs 380 litres of water annually, while in Disi area, production of one kilogram of wheat needs 1,360 litres of water annually. The large-scale farming companies will not witness a direct impact until the end of their agreement with the government. Once the current agreement held between the government and the companies expires, two possibilities arise: first, renewal of the agreement and second,
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agreements termination. Renewal of the agreement might bring different conditions. The mitigation measures will have to be covered within the agreement itself. If the current agreement is not renewed, however, no mitigation measures are relevant. All four large-scale agricultural companies will leave the production process with a total planted area of more than 40 thousand dunums. As the result of closure of these agricultural operations; the country will be saving more than 34 MCM of fresh water annually. At the same, the supply of agricultural products will loose more than 100 thousand tons annually. It is expected that other irrigated areas in Jordan will cover the shortage in supply of agricultural products. Table 12 shows planted areas and water consumption of large scale agricultural companies.
Table 12: Planted areas and water consumption of large scale agricultural companies Agricultural Types
(Dunums) Company Total Available
Area (Dunums) Field Crops Vegetables Trees
Total Area Planted
(Dunums)
Total Water Consumption per Company
(MCM) RUM 50,000 8,165 5,647 4,000 17,812 13.00 WADICO 12,481 2,728 3,382 50 6,160 4.50 GRAMECO 25,000 4,500 5,800 540 10,840 8.30 ARICAD 21,156 4,933 7,035 50 12,018 8.50 TOTAL 108,637 20,326 21,864 4,640 46,830 34.30 Source: Disi Agricultural Station Total area exploited by these companies adds up to 108,637 dunums. Rum Agricultural Company has the largest area and number of available wells with a pumping capacity of 35 MCM per year. WADICO, on the other hand, has only 12,481 dunums and 5 wells with a pumping capacity of 10 MCM per year. According to the underground water monitoring by-law, the new water tariff for agricultural wells will be applied to the Disi farms. Accordingly, it is expected that the water consumption will be reduced around 30% between now and when their operations will be end in 2011. 6.1.3.1 Water Consumption According to the agreements between the government and the companies operating in the study area, these companies can consume up to 91 MCM annually. But these companies are not operating at full capacity; area planted on average was 41,802 dunum and formed 37% of total rented area of 108,637 dunum. Table 13 shows the annual average of water consumption of the most frequent planted crops by the four companies for the period 1999-2001 in the study area.
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Table 13: Water consumption for selected crops as an annual average for the period 1999-2001
Crop Area (Dunum) Percent to Total Area
Water Consumption (m3/Dunum)
Water Consumption (m3/Crop)
Percent of Total Water Consumption
Wheat 8,497 20 1,000 8,497,000 25 Barley 2,863 7 800 2,290,400 7 Potato 15,696 38 750 11,772,000 34 Onions 2,627 6 700 1,838,900 5 Watermelon 1,400 3 500 700,000 2 Yellow corn 2,550 6 750 1,912,500 6 Alfalfa 1,988 5 1,600 3,180,800 9 Vegetables 641 2 500 320,500 1 Fruit trees 5,540 13 700 3,878,000 11 Total 41,802 100 34,390,100 100 Source: Ministry of Agriculture Irrigated agriculture in Disi-Mudawarra area is considered to be a water-intensive form of agriculture compared to the rest of the irrigated agriculture in Jordan. Table 14 shows water consumption (m3/kg) for selected crops as an annual average for the period 1999-2001. For example, one kilogram of hard wheat required 1.53 m3 of water, while one kilogram of watermelon required 0.15 m3 of water.
Table 14: Total, cost, net revenue and water consumption (m3/kg) for selected crops as an annual average for the period 1999-2001
Crop Total
Revenue (JD/kg)
Total Cost (JD/kg)
Net Revenue(JD/kg)
Water Consumption
(m3/kg)
Net Revenue on water (JD/m3)
Spring potato 0.190 0.175 0.015 0.234 0.066 Summer potato 0.170 0.150 0.020 0.206 0.098 Summer onions 0.100 0.090 0.010 0.209 0.049 Winter onions 0.115 0.103 0.012 0.149 0.084 Summer watermelons 0.075 0.063 0.012 0.150 0.079 Winter watermelon 0.100 0.080 0.020 0.150 0.135 Yellow corn 0.120 0.184 (0.064) 0.847 (0.075) Hard wheat 0.189 0.243 (0.053) 1.532 (0.035) Bread wheat 0.121 0.189 (0.067) 1.188 (0.057) Barley 0.105 0.169 (0.063) 1.056 (0.060) Source: Based on data collected from the field and Ministry of Agriculture data
According to Table 14, some crops appear to have negative net revenue, which implies lack of rational justifying producing these crops under such conditions. However, the companies are obliged to produce these crops to meet the terms of their agreements with the government. Several areas of agricultural activities exist on the route from Jizeh to Abu Alanda that may be subject to limited impact; for example, cutting trees, dust on trees, and restriction on mobility. Dust-related problems may be easily solved through water sprinkling. The problem of cutting trees may be attended to through replanting or compensation.
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6.1.4 Social Aspects The baseline socio-economic conditions in Jordan have been discussed in detail. The population of Jordan is increasing at a growth rate of 3.5% per annum. At a horizon year 2020, the population of Jordan is expected to grow to about 10 million persons characterized by a young structure. At present average family size is 6 persons. Spatial distribution of the population in the direct and indirect zones of influence has been projected by five years intervals for the period 2000-2020. Jordan is a middle-income country with very limited natural resources, deriving significant proportion of its income from the remittances of Jordanians working abroad and from foreign aid. The economy of Jordan is heavily service oriented, and the population source of income is usually generated from agriculture, trade, transit transportation and small and middle scale industries. The household economy in the project area depends mainly on government and municipal services, tourism, limited agriculture, livestock potentials, small shops and handicrafts. The Gross Domestic Product in Jordan has been growing fairly rapidly from 2,612 million JD in 1990 to 4,597.9 million JD in 1995 and further to 5,767 million JD in 1999. The contribution of agriculture to the GDP declined substantially from 14% in the early 1970s to 2% in 1999. In the meantime, the gap in the balance of trade widened from a deficit of 1.349 billion JD in 1995 to 1.913 billion JD in 2000. Education played a very important role in the build-up of highly qualified professionals in almost all fields of science. Qualified Jordanians working abroad used to be and still are a major source of foreign currency income through transfers of almost one billion JD per annum to their families and deposits in national banks. Employment varies widely between urban and rural areas. About 40% of the labour force is employed by government and other community activities. Unemployment is in the range of 14-16%. Total employment in agriculture amounted to 4.05% only, while a survey of social needs in the project area indicated that unemployment in Disi-Rum aquifer area is around 40$. Taking into consideration evolution in the structure of water tariffs since early 1970s, it has been emphasized that political rather than economic factors have always been considered in changing water tariffs. Irrespective of cost recovery of operation and maintenance, the Government of Jordan targeted the affordability to pay for water consumption by all social and income strata in the society. The cost of water has been subsidized for the first two social panels. Government policies and successive social and economic development programs since mid 1950s encouraged settlement of Bedouins communities in the project area. The Bedouins in the project area are deep rooted in the land of their ancestors. Their life has changed substantially from a Bedouin life living on pastoral areas to settled communities in a number of towns and villages as the result of government sponsored programs and self-determination of the Bedouin populations over the last 40 years. The primary estimates of the Bedouin population in the south of Jordan indicate that they may exceed 35,000. The Jordanian Acquisition Law No. (12) for the year 1987 and its amendments provide a modern and legally comprehensive framework for land acquisition. The process of private land acquisition is based on administrative principles aiming at giving the proprietor and all other related beneficiaries fair and just compensation for the acquired properties with all their legal rights vested in the law. An investigation into this matter indicated that all necessary land parcels or property required for the construction of the conveyance system have already been expropriated and compensated by the MWI. It is not expected that any additional land or property will be
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expropriated as a result of the project construction either along the pipeline corridor or at the terminal reservoirs. Permission has been obtained from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing in 1998 to construct the Disi pipeline in the right-of-way of the Desert Highway, within the road itself, and when necessary in the narrow lanes leading to Abu Alanda Reservoir. Obviously, it should be stated that all necessary procedures to expropriate private land or to allocate Treasury Land for the Disi project have been acquired. All new expropriation issues resulting from any modifications to the pipeline alignment would be carried out consistent with the provisions of the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (LARPF) provided in Annex C24 of Part C – Main Report. 6.1.5 Archaeological Resources Assessment The identification of potential project-specific impacts and the development of mitigation and monitoring measures were basically based on the field visits observations. Those surveys were conducted by a team of three experts in archaeological and cultural resources and in environmental management, headed by a Jordanian archaeologist. The archaeological and cultural heritage investigation carried out for the project showed that nine sites are located within the project direct and indirect zones of effect. Within Segment B (Jurf Al Drawish to Al Qatraneh), only one archaeological site was identified which is Al-Qatraneh Castle. The other eight archaeological sites are located within Segment C (Al-Jiza to Abu Alanda Reservoir through the Air port road). These sites are the Press, Area of Cave of Seven Sleepers, Cave of the Seven Sleepers, Al-Juwayda Mausoleum, the Mausoleum, Al- Qastal, Al - Jiza Pool, and the Byzantine Church. 6.2 Analysis of Project Specific Alternatives 6.2.1 No Action/Without Project The “No Action” or “Without Action” alternative would avoid all the potential construction and operational phase impacts associated with the proposed project. Under this scenario no additional groundwater would be extracted from the Disi aquifer for use in Greater Amman. Adoption of such a scenario would allow for continued over extraction of the highland and Azraq aquifers with resulting adverse impacts to their water quantity and quality and allow the continued degradation of the Azraq wetland. The “No Action” alternative would also deprive the residents of Greater Amman to a high quality source of water with increased reliability of access to water, an improved and more treatable wastewater effluent and better treated water for reuse in the Jordan Valley. 6.2.2 Development of the Well Field Two alternative sites were considered originally by Harza in 1997 for the development of the well field; namely the Dubaydib site, which was adopted by Brown and Root in 2001 in the final engineering designs during optimisation of the design, and Batn El-Ghoul site. The first well field is located in the unconfined aquifer area of Rum aquifer and the second is located in the confined aquifer area of Rum aquifer where the Khreim Group is the confining layer.
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Using the two well fields in Dubaydib and Batn El-Ghoul can produce the required water quality, and the drawdown in the water level will be less. But due to the lateral lithological variations in the Rum aquifer, the water in Batn El-Ghoul contains higher Fe and Mn concentrations (more than 5 mg/l), which needs treatment to be removed since pumping into a reservoir is not sufficient to remove these quantities. The other problem, which might occur due to abstraction from Batn El-Ghoul well field, is the expected water quality deterioration due to the downward leakage from the Khreim Group (containing highly saline water) as development proceeds. To prevent such a process from occurring, limited volume of water is to be abstracted from this well field keeping the water level of Rum aquifer higher than the confining layer of the Khreim Group. The analysis of both alternatives revealed almost similar environmental and social settings for both sites, and the same kind and magnitude of potential impacts to occur for both sites during the construction, operation and remediation phases with one exception. This exception is related to the anticipated increased accessibility to the sites during the operation phase were Dubaydab area is currently quite more accessible then Bat El-Ghoul since it is closer to the large-scale farms in Disi. Both these areas are remote and similar issues exist with regard to the timing of construction, oversight of construction crews, actions to rehabilitate construction areas and monitoring to control access. 6.2.3 Alignment of the Pipeline The pipeline alignment was primarily designed by Harza in 1997 to run adjacent to the main north-south highway with the conveyance pipeline situated within the right-of-way of the highway. This alternative was amended afterwards by Brown and Root, where the pipeline bypass Ma’an city through the desert and meets the original alignment just before Jurf Al Drawish. This study deals with the Brown and Root (2001) alignment as the final alignment to the proposed project with one modification at Abu Alanda area. This modification was solely suggested by the Consolidated Consultants archaeology and biological diversity teams to prevent the potential direct damage to the Cave of Seven Sleepers and the area of this cave since both are important archaeological and cultural resources, and also to avoid the removal of any tree from the forested area within the same area. The evaluation of the three alternatives to the pipeline alignment revealed that both Brown and Root alternative and the optimised one has more potential impacts to the biological environment than the alignment proposed by Harza. This is due to the fact that Harza alignment tended to avoid remote areas with high ecological sensitivity. On the other hand Harza alternative shows higher magnitude for potential impacts to the social settings along the desert highway since more infrastructure utilities and local businesses susceptible to disturbance by the pipeline construction. The environmental and social effects of the three proposed alternatives were found to be almost similar with slight preference to the Harza alternative; however, in all cases the impacts were found to be limited in their scope with impacts that could be addressed through proper design, mitigation measures and monitoring activities. When economic aspects of each of the alternatives were evaluated the Optimized Brown and Root alternative was the most favourable. Table 15 below presents a summary of the analysis of project specific alternatives.
Final Report S-51 Consolidated Consultants
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
5: A
naly
sis o
f pro
ject
spec
ific
alte
rnat
ives
A
ltern
ativ
es
Alte
rnat
ives
to th
e D
evel
opm
ent o
f the
Wel
l Fi
eld
Pipe
line
Alig
nmen
t Alte
rnat
ives
Issu
e of
Con
cern
(Com
pone
nts)
N
o A
ctio
n/W
ithou
t Pr
ojec
t
Dub
aydi
b B
atn
El G
houl
Opt
imiz
ed (f
inal
alig
nmen
t as p
er o
f th
e B
row
n an
d R
oot D
esig
n w
ith
mod
ifica
tion
mad
e by
CC
at t
he
Seve
n Sl
eepe
rs A
rea)
Bro
wn
and
Roo
t Alig
nmen
t H
arza
199
7 (a
lignm
ent
alon
g th
e de
sert
hig
hway
)
Phys
ical
Env
iron
men
t
La
ndsc
ape
Dam
age,
Cha
nge
of N
atur
al D
rain
age
Syst
em a
nd L
ocal
Geo
mor
phol
ogy
0
-3
-3-3
-3-3
Noi
se L
evel
s 0
-2
-2
-2
-2
-3
Dus
t Gen
erat
ion
0
-2
-2
-2
-2
-3
W
aste
Gen
erat
ion
0
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
Bio
logi
cal E
nvir
onm
ent
Loss
of H
abita
t and
hab
itat f
ragm
enta
tion
0
-2
-3
-3
-3
-2
In
crea
sed
acce
ssib
ility
0
-2
-3
-3
-3
-1
Wild
life
Dis
turb
ance
0
-2
-3
-3
-3
-1
Wild
life
pers
ecut
ion/
vege
tatio
n an
d tre
e re
mov
al
0
-2
-3
-3
-3
-1
D
istu
rban
ce to
bird
mig
ratio
n an
d br
eedi
ng
0
-2
-3
-3
-3
-1
Agr
icul
tura
l Env
iron
men
t
Im
pact
s on
the
larg
e-sc
ale
Agr
icul
ture
Te
rmin
atio
n of
the
Larg
e-sc
ale
Farm
ing
Com
pani
es
with
the
gove
rnm
ent
3
00
00
0
Impa
ct o
n la
rge
scal
e fa
rms (
dust
, tre
e cu
tting
, …et
c)
0
00
00
-1Im
pact
s on
the
farm
s loc
ated
alo
ng th
e al
ignm
ent (
oliv
e fa
rms)
0
0
0-1
-1-2
So
cial
Set
tings
Pu
blic
Hea
lth
-2
0
0
0 0
0 Tr
affic
Dis
turb
ance
0
0
0
-3
-3
-3
Effe
ct o
n Lo
cals
and
Em
ploy
ees S
afet
y 0
0
0
-3
-3
-3
Dis
turb
ance
s to
Infr
astru
ctur
e U
tiliti
es
0
0 0
-2
-2
-3
D
istu
rban
ces t
o So
cial
Set
tings
and
Loc
al B
usin
ess
0
0 0
-3
-3
-3
Arc
haeo
logi
cal a
nd C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge R
esou
rces
0
0
0-2
-3-3
R
anki
ng
( 3):
high
pos
itive
eff
ect
( 2):
med
ium
pos
itive
eff
ect
( 1):
low
pos
itive
eff
ect
( 0):
No
effe
ct
(-1)
: low
neg
ativ
e ef
fect
(-
2): m
ediu
m n
egat
ive
effe
ct
(-3)
: hig
h ne
gativ
e ef
fect
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-52
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6.3 Potential Impacts – Construction Phase The following discussion presents the potential impacts of the proposed project on the physical, biological, agricultural, social and archaeological environment anticipated to occur during construction activities. 6.3.1 Potential Impacts on Physical Environment The proposed project is anticipated to have impacts on the local physical environment including potential increases in noise levels, dust generation, solid and liquid waste generation, and construction access roads. Also, permanent impacts are anticipated to result from landscape damage, change of natural drainage system and local geomorphology. On the other hand, the landscape damage, change of natural drainage system and local geomorphology impacts were found to be cumulative in nature. 6.3.1.1 Temporary Impacts (a) High Noise Levels The segments impacted by the increase in noise levels include Segment (C-1), Segment (C-3) and the populated areas in Segment (B-2) of the project corridor. The source of this noise level increase will be due to (a) site preparation and different construction activities, and (b) the movement of heavy machinery and different construction vehicles. Within Segments (C-1) and (C-3), the major areas that will be impacted are (i) the residential areas located close to the proposed new Abu Alanda reservoir, and (ii) the neighbourhoods and “service/commercial” establishments located between Abu Alanda reservoir and Amman-Madaba Bridge. Also, all the establishments located between Amman-Madaba Bridge and Aljiza area within the project corridor and the Qatraneh area within Segment (B-2) are impacted. (b) Increased Dust Levels Segments (C-1), (C-3) and (B-2) of the project corridor will be impacted by the expected increases in dust levels. During this phase, increased dust levels is anticipated to result from site preparation, cut and fill operations, in addition to the movement of the construction machinery. (c) Generated Fluid Wastes Both preparation and construction phases will result in generation of fluid waste. This waste generation is anticipated to have significant effect on the project corridor within Segments (C-1) and (C-3) and also the nearby populated areas in Segment B. The fluid waste will be generated mainly by:
• Work force (domestic fluid waste) and the expected amount range between 9-18 m3/capita/year. The accumulation points for such fluid waste will be at the established project offices, camps and storage locations; and
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• Routine maintenance and servicing of vehicles and construction machines as well as from the different construction activities.
The effect of the inadequate management of the generated waste will include:
• Threats to public health such as water borne diseases; • Pollution of groundwater aquifers especially the shallow aquifer system along the project
corridor; and • Threat to biological habitats, especially in Segments A and B of the project.
(d) Generated Solid Wastes from Construction Activities Construction activities are anticipated to generate huge quantities of solid wastes, including:
• Sand and rock fragments in addition to metals, wooden and plastic fragments that will result from the different construction and installation activities; and
• The human solid wastes, which is estimated to be 0.5 kg/capita/day in average generated by the project workforce.
Inadequate management practices of the generated solid waste will result in the following impacts:
• Threats to public safety and health especially in Segments (C-1) and (C-3) and the populated parts of Segments B and A of the project;
• Change in the local geomorphology and local drainage system and impacting the biodiversity system in Segments A and B of the project corridor; and
• Threat to faunal elements along the waste disposal locations. (e) Access Roads Construction Establishing access roads might be required during this phase to serve the construction activities along the project corridor. The potential impacts of the incorrectly constructed/routed access roads include:
• Change in local geomorphology and the natural landscape, especially in Segments A and B of the corridor;
• Damage to natural habitats and destruction of natural vegetation, especially in Segments A and B; and
• Threats to public safety and damage to private properties (in some parts of the route) especially is Segment C.
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6.3.1.2 Permanent Impacts (a) Landscape Damage, Change of Natural Drainage Systems and Local
Geomorphology The project area is of multi-geomorphological conditions including wadis, flat areas, and hilly areas. Landscape damage and the change in natural drainage systems and local geomorphology will result from the following major actions during the construction phase:
• Unwisely planned construction activities; • Unnecessary damage caused by construction activities outside the project route and outside
the defined areas of operations; • After completing the construction activities, landscape damage and change in
geomorphology might occur due to the presence of untreated borrow pit sites and spoil heaps in addition to landscape scarring;
• The temporary dislocation of the existing drainage patterns; and • Accumulation of solid waste piles for prolonged periods or permanent disposal within the
project corridor. Landscape damage, in addition to the change in the natural drainage systems and local geomorphology, is a major cumulative impact on the physical environment. The impacts of these alterations are anticipated to accumulate and persist even after the completion of the construction activities. The magnitude of these impacts is considered to be medium to high within Segments A and B of the project corridor. Monitoring and evaluation of the cumulative impacts on the physical environment are required to be carried out within the project corridor on regular basis by the Construction Consultant-Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Coordinator. 6.3.2 Potential Impacts on Biological Environment A detailed description of impacts on biological conditions and their significance were indicated. Such impacts would affect particularly the habitats for local wildlife and the prevalent vegetation associations and species. Main ecological concerns include:
• Loss of habitats particularly at the southern zone (Eastern Plateaus and Batn-El-Ghoul); • The expected increase of accessibility to particular habitats in the southern zone including
Batn El-Ghoul and accordingly maintenance operations and increased disturbance to wildlife;
• Wildlife disturbance during the construction phase; and • Wildlife persecution and/or vegetation cover removal mainly during construction phase.
Fragmentation of desert habitats and the new development if not restored will exacerbate this phenomenon.
These impacts during construction and operation phases were identified and evaluated.
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During the construction phase, several temporal and permanent impacts are anticipated. These are mainly due to excavation and drilling activities, increased accessibility and vehicle movement into some relatively remote areas, and human interference. These conditions will result in alteration of surface morphology and natural water runoffs schemes; unavoidable removal of vegetation cover and tree stands (mainly Tamarix and Acacia); disturbance to breeding and migratory bird species. As the southern segments of the project lie along the bird migration flyway and two Important Bird Areas (IBAs), it becomes crucial to synchronize spatially and temporally the excavation activities in order to avoid disturbances during breeding and migration seasons. This synchronization can be achieved through developing an activity programme and avoiding night activities so that breeding seasons are not interrupted and migration seasons are avoided and kept undisturbed. The potential negative cumulative impacts of the project on the biological conditions that are anticipated to result from construction activities include:
• Fragmentation of desert habitats that are already under mis-utilization; • Increased human interference due to increased accessibility to relatively remote areas and
sites such as Batn El-Ghoul; • Persecution of wildlife due to increased accessibility; • Disturbance to breeding and migratory bird species; and • Introduction of exotic species.
6.3.3 Potential Impacts on Agriculture It is not anticipated that the proposed project will result in direct or indirect impacts of significance to large-scale farming. It should be noted that the operational agreements for the four large-scale agricultural companies are planned not to be renewed by the Government when their current permits expire. The anticipated closure of these four agricultural companies would reduce the planted area of the country by more than 40,000 dunums with an annual production of 100,000 tons. At the same time the phasing out of these companies would save more than 34 MCM of freshwater annually. Any mitigation activities for the closure of the agricultural companies would need to be addressed as part of the decision and planning process adopted by the Government of Jordan for their closure. Regarding the small scale agricultural activities that exist on the route from Jizeh to Abu Alanda, those may be subject to limited impact. These impacts include:
• Cutting trees; • Dust on trees; and • Restriction on mobility.
6.3.4 Potential Impacts on Socio-Economic Conditions Assessment of the project social impacts has been studied in the direct and indirect zone of influence of the project in the project direct and indirect zone of influence. Although the improvement of water quality and quantity in Greater Amman Area is the main aim of the Disi project, people living in the project area, including Bedouin populations, should have the opportunity to increase their income on a short and/or long-term basis by having access to job opportunities either in the temporary stages of construction or in the permanent stage of operation
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and maintenance. However, local agriculture, sheep and camel grazing in the areas is anticipated to continue as their main source of income. Temporary social disturbances such as traffic disturbance, disruption in water and power supplies are expected. Disruption in business or loss of income will be minimal. It will be the duty and responsibility of the Contractor to take all precautions and mitigation measures to prevent damages to properties during construction. Cumulative impacts of the Disi-Amman project on social settings include all individual or collective impacts that will affect positively or negatively the societies concerned and their economic and social activities during the project lifetime. Those impacts comprise the different stages of the project set-up from construction, operation, maintenance and administration during the concession period of 40 years. The positive cumulative impacts of Disi-Amman project will result from the reliable provision of high quality water to Greater Amman. Improvement in public health conditions is closely associated with the availability of clean and sufficient water supply. In addition to that, the project will save considerable quantities of water for other domestic, industrial and tourist purposes. The project will provide a limited number of job opportunities during and after construction to qualified engineers, skilled technicians and unskilled labour. However, experience gained through and after construction will provide essential background for the construction of other water projects such as the proposed Red Sea -Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project. The socio-economic development of Bedouins localities can be looked at within the general framework of the social development plan of the government. However, it is expected that the project will have direct impact on the employment level in the Disi area and along the pipeline by providing temporary employment during the construction phase and some permanent jobs during the operational phase. The negative cumulative impacts are minimal. The population increase during the concession period will ultimately increase demand to the extent that new water resources of considerable scale must be explored within the next 20-25 years. It is understandable that a rise in water tariff as a reflection of the rise in water cost will be inevitable. However, the Government policy has always been in support of subsidy of water charges in low social strata of the population. Any increase in water tariff for the first two or three blocks of water use will be minimal. The planned termination of the agreements with the agricultural companies in 2011 will result in the loss of the investments they have made in buildings, non-movable equipment and land development. The production of more than 52,000 mature olive trees and fruits will be lost, while in the meantime demand for agricultural products will far exceed supply due to limitations in land and water resources. An Environmental and Social Management Plan has been formulated and is summarized in Section 6.7 below. The purpose of this plan is to provide a framework for planning and implementation of a number of mitigation and monitoring activities to address environmental and social issues during the implementation and operation of the proposed project. Specialized experts and agencies will take all necessary steps to observe, monitor and mitigate any difficulty that might be faced by the Contractor. The management plan includes also the ways and means to provide employment for Bedouin workers employed by the agricultural companies. Their number is very small and they will be easily absorbed in the project labour force.
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6.3.5 Potential Impacts on Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites Three sites were found to be under a direct threat by the project. These are the area of Cave of Seven Sleepers and the Mausoleum. For the Cave and the area of the Cave, the avoidance measure proposed to select an alternative route away from those sites and this has been accepted by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and incorporated into the project. Thus, the threat was eliminated. For the Mausoleum, it is recommended to prevent excavation or construction near the site. The other sites were found to be away from direct threats. Still indirect impacts or accidents might affect theses sites. In addition, given the high density of archaeological and cultural heritage sites in Jordan, the project will use “chance find” procedures should unknown or unrecorded archaeological sites be located during the course of excavations. The proposed mitigation and conservation measures are understood to be reliable and cost-effective measures that comply with the Jordanian Antiquities Law No. (12) of 1976 and the Regulations of Archaeological Excavation and Surveys. The Contractor should strictly adhere to the proposed measures in coordination with the Department of Antiquities. Table 17 presented the project-specific mitigation measures targeting the protection and conservation of the archaeological and cultural heritage sites located within the project direct and indirect zone of effect. 6.4 Potential Impacts – Operation Phase During the operation phase of the project only the biological environment is subject to potential impacts. With respects to the physical, agricultural, social and archaeological settings, as presented no potential impacts were found to be significant. 6.4.1 Potential Impacts on Physical Environment During the operation phase of the project, no impacts are anticipated to affect physical environmental conditions except for an impact on the Disi aquifer which might occur due to abstraction from Batn El-Ghoul well field. This potential impact relates to water quality deterioration due to the downward leakage from the Khreim Group (containing highly saline water) as development proceeds. To prevent such a process from occurring, limited volume of water is to be abstracted from this well field keeping the water level of Rum aquifer higher than the confining layer of the Khreim Group. 6.4.2 Potential Impacts on Biological Environment During the operation phase of the project, various temporal and permanent impacts are expected. These include disturbance to breeding and migratory bird species and other wildlife and increased human interference due to increased accessibility. These will accordingly lead to an increased accidental and deliberate persecution of wildlife. The anticipated negative cumulative impacts of the project on the biological conditions during the operation phase are mainly related to the increased accessibility to the project area created during the construction phase and maintained during the operation. Those impacts are:
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• Fragmentation of desert habitats that are already under mis-utilization; • Increased human interference due to increased accessibility to relatively remote areas and
sites such as Batn El-Ghoul; • Persecution of wildlife due to increased accessibility; • Disturbance to breeding and migratory bird species; and • Introduction of exotic species.
6.4.3 Potential Impacts on Agriculture It is not anticipated that the Disi project will have an impact on the inhabitants of the area and the locally owned farms on the short and longer run. The villages in the area will most likely end up facing the same water shortage problems, like the rest of the country, once the Disi basin water supply runs short or becomes inadequate to meet the needs augmented by a rise in population and expansion. 6.4.4 Potential Impacts on Socio-Economic Conditions The public safety of local residents could be threatened during the operation phase due to the unreasonable actions that might be done by some locals against the pumping stations and the booster units. This impact is concentrated in areas where these installations are located with a special focus on Segment (A). 6.4.5 Potential Impacts on Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites None of the twenty-six listed archaeological sites within this zone are located within the project corridor, and, during the operation phase of the project, none of them is under direct or indirect threat by the proposed project activities. 6.5 Cumulative Impacts 6.5.1 Positive Cumulative Impacts Business and Services: Cumulative increase in employment during and after the pipeline construction will create parallel demand on local products and services including:
• Purchase of products, materials and equipment from the locals; • Procurement of printing materials; • Furniture and office material will increase as a matter of progress in project; • Administration will have demand on foodstuff, agricultural products and local food; • Industry will accumulate as employment increase; • Demand on services including transportation, fuel, energy and accommodation will increase
accordingly; and • Considerable amount of monthly wages and salaries will downstream to the social
expenditures of a large segment of the population working or benefiting from the project. It
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will enhance the economic and social livelihood of the population in the direct and indirect zones of influence.
Restoration of Depleted Aquifers: Disi project will clearly minimize the heavy burden of extraction of groundwater from Azraq, Zarqa and Amman aquifers. Consequently, the chance of these aquifers to be renewed will be an important cumulative benefit from the project. 6.5.2 Negative Cumulative Impacts Incremental Depletion of the Disi Aquifer: The Disi project will mine non-renewable fossil groundwater from the Disi aquifer which cannot be recharged. This use of non-renewable resources is recognized by the Government of Jordan and it plans to partially replace the use of Disi water in the future thorough the introduction of large scale desalinisation of water at Aqaba and through construction of the Red Sea – Dead Sea Water Conveyance Project. Traffic Disturbance: Two road systems with high traffic density will be significantly disturbed by the expected construction activities. Those road systems are:
• The Desert Highway that serves and connects Amman to the southern governorates. This road provides major access for the southern governorates, namely Karak, Tafila, Ma’an and Aqaba, where it connects those governorates with Amman and the northern parts of the Kingdom. Also, this road is nationally and regionally essential to the imported and exported cargo transportation through the port of Aqaba. This includes the phosphate transportation from the mines in Al-Hasa area to the Aqaba Port.
• The roads system located between Madaba Bridge and Abu-Alanda reservoir (Segment C-1). This road system currently suffers from high traffic density being the main route utilized by east Amman residencies and also serves the industrial city in Sahab area. This roads system will be subjected to additional increase in traffic density during the project construction phase.
Traffic disruptions will result from:
• Increase in traffic density of heavy trucks transporting the construction equipment and materials from the Aqaba port using the Desert Highway to the proposed construction stations along the project corridor. In addition, different construction activities will result in increased traffic density and traffic disturbance along the Desert Highway segment of the project route and nearby local road systems wherever construction activities are applied.
• Partial and/or total closure of local road systems, especially within Segments (C-1) and (C-3) of the project route. In Segment B, the impacted areas will include the Desert Highway residential neighbourhoods and the services establishments.
• Diverting the traffic through temporary access roads or by detours through residential areas and congested areas, especially in Segments (C-1) and (C-3).
• The daily movement of heavy trucks transporting equipments and materials along the project working areas.
Partial and/or total closure of the Desert Highway and the Railway at several locations is expected. The disruption will be at four to five locations on the Desert Highway wherever the pipeline is designed/required to cross the road left-right or vice versa. Also disruptions are anticipated to occur at two locations on the Railway.
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It will be the duty and responsibility of the Contractor to take all precautions and mitigation measures to prevent damages to properties during construction. Effect on Locals and Employees Public Safety: Potential risks to public and workers safety are anticipated to be significant in Segments (C-1), (C-3) and in the residential areas in Segment B of the proposed project corridor. The main sources of risk are:
• Car accidents and vehicular-pedestrian conflicts due to the expected construction-caused traffic conjunctions and from modification to known roads;
• The movement and operations of heavy equipment within the construction corridor. This impact is considered significant to the up mention road systems and to the Rum-Disi road;
• Deep excavations close to residential areas and open trenches especially in Abu Alanda, Aljiza and Qatraneh areas. The presence of such excavation holes and trenches will be a significant threat to pedestrians, school students in their daily trip on foot to/from the nearby schools and on vehicles and their drivers moving within or close to the project corridor and especially during night time;
• Stored materials including fuel and other chemicals along the project present a threat to the public safety of the nearby residential areas in addition to the safety of the project workforce; and
• Ignorance and non compliance by the equipment operators and construction workers of safety requirements including not wearing protection helmets, insufficient lighting during working at night shifts, and absence or shortage in first aid materials and personnel.
Infrastructure, Utilities and Social Disturbances: The proposed pipe route crosses and passes by a large number of utilities/facilities that serve residential areas in Segments C and B of the project corridor and many areas located close to this corridor. Many of these utilities are anticipated to impose specific constraints on the work design and execution. As a result of the pipeline trench excavations, disturbance to local populations along the inhabited area may stem from the following types of accidents:
• A large segment of the pipeline trench will be 4 m in width by 4 m in depth. It might be hazardous to pedestrians particularly children, unless otherwise protected/isolated by a suitable structure;
• Disturbance to water supply and wastewater services might occur if, by accident, pipelines or wastewater network are broken down. This will also pollute domestic water supplies through local water distribution system (within or close to the incidence site(s)). This situation will (in case it occurs) pose a significant threat to public health;
• Disturbance to power supply is anticipated to occur especially when there is a need to relocate electricity poles far from the course of the pipeline;
• More than 80 commercial buildings including over 350 shops have been counted along the pipeline alignment. Thus, business disruption may lead to the temporary loss of income; and
• Along the Desert Highway from Amman to Jurf junction, the Greater Amman Municipality installed about 60 electrified advertisement boards 6 m by 2 m for rent to commercial and industrial companies. Some of these boards have been erected within the right-of-way of the road. These boards can be temporarily removed during construction and re-erected in a suitable place.
Final Report S-61 Consolidated Consultants
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The magnitude of the disturbance to infrastructure utilities varies significantly from one site to another. Still all disturbances are considered in this study and should be treated properly in the work statements issued by the construction Contractor to the construction Consultant and by the work permits issued by the Consultant. The environmental and social registered impacts are presented in Table 16.
Final Report S-62 Consolidated Consultants
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
6: R
egis
tere
d E
nvir
onm
enta
l and
Soc
ial i
mpa
cts
Zon
e T
ype
and
Mag
nitu
de o
f Eff
ect
No.
A
ntic
ipat
ed S
igni
fican
t Im
pact
s A
1
A
2B
1B
2C
1C
2C
31
Con
stru
ctio
n Ph
ase
and/
or R
emed
iatio
n Ph
ase
1.1
Bio
logi
cal E
nvir
onm
ent
1.1.
1 H
abita
t 1.
1.1.
1 H
abita
t Fra
gmen
tatio
n H
igh
cum
ulat
ive
Hig
h cu
mul
ativ
e
1.1.
1.2
Alte
ratio
n of
surf
ace
mor
phol
ogy
and
wat
er ru
noff
s sch
emes
H
igh
dire
ct
Hig
h di
rect
1.1.
1.3
In
crea
sed
hum
an in
terf
eren
ceM
ediu
mcu
mul
ativ
e M
ediu
m
cum
ulat
ive
1.1.
2
Spec
ies
1.1.
2.1
Rem
oval
of v
eget
atio
n co
ver a
nd tr
ee
stan
ds
Hig
h di
rect
H
igh
dire
ct
Med
ium
dire
ct
Med
ium
dire
ct
Med
ium
dire
ct
Med
ium
dire
ct
Med
ium
dire
ct
1.1.
2.2
Pers
ecut
ion
of w
ildlif
e D
irect
, Ind
irect
, cu
mul
ativ
e D
irect
, Ind
irect
, cu
mul
ativ
e
1.1.
2.3
Dis
turb
ance
to b
reed
ing
and
mig
rato
ry
bird
spec
ies
Dire
ct, I
ndire
ct,
cum
ulat
ive
Dire
ct, I
ndire
ct,
cum
ulat
ive
1.1.
2.4
Intro
duct
ion
of e
xotic
spec
ies
Indi
rect
, cu
mul
ativ
e In
dire
ct,
cum
ulat
ive
1.2
A B
iotic
Env
iron
men
t 1.
2.1
Hig
h N
oise
Lev
els
Hig
h, te
mpo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Hig
h, te
mpo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Low
- Med
ium
, Te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct.
Low
- Med
ium
, Te
mpo
rary
dire
ctim
pact
. H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
. H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
. H
igh,
Te
mpo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
1.2.
2 In
crea
se D
ust L
evel
s Lo
w, t
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Low
, tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
. Lo
w, t
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Hig
h,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
.
1.2.
3 G
ener
ated
Flu
id W
aste
s H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
. H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
. H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
. H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
. H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
. H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
. H
igh,
Te
mpo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-63
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
6: R
egis
tere
d E
nvir
onm
enta
l and
Soc
ial i
mpa
cts (
cont
d.)
Zon
e T
ype
and
Mag
nitu
de o
f Eff
ect
No.
A
ntic
ipat
ed S
igni
fican
t Im
pact
s A
1
A
2B
1B
2C
1C
2C
31.
2.4
Gen
erat
ed S
olid
Was
tes
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct.
1.2.
6 Se
lect
ing
the
Loca
tion
for t
he p
roje
ct
Off
ices
& C
amps
Lo
w- M
ediu
mte
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Lo
w- M
ediu
m
tem
pora
ry d
irect
im
pact
Hig
h te
mpo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct
Hig
h te
mpo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct
Hig
h te
mpo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct
1.2.
7 In
corr
ectly
con
stru
cted
or r
oute
d ac
cess
ro
ads
Hig
h, T
edi
rect
impa
ct
mpo
rary
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct
1.2.
8 La
ndsc
ape
Dam
age,
Cha
nge
of N
atur
al
Dra
inag
e sy
stem
and
Loc
al
geom
orph
olog
y th
roug
h: 1
- Unw
isel
y pl
aned
con
stru
ctio
n op
erat
ions
. 2-
Unn
eces
sary
dam
age
by th
e co
nstru
ctio
n ac
tiviti
es o
utsi
de th
e de
fined
are
as fo
r op
erat
ions
. 3- L
ands
cape
scar
ring
lead
ing
to fu
ture
ero
sion
, 4- T
empo
rary
di
sloc
atio
n of
exi
stin
g dr
aina
ge p
atte
rns
Med
ium
to h
igh
tem
pora
ry d
irect
im
pact
Med
ium
to h
igh
tem
pora
ry d
irect
im
pact
Med
ium
to h
igh
tem
pora
ry d
irect
im
pact
Med
ium
to h
igh
tem
pora
ry d
irect
im
pact
1.2.
9
Wad
i Cro
ssin
g M
ediu
m to
hig
h pe
rman
ent d
irect
im
pact
Med
ium
to h
igh
perm
anen
t dire
ct
impa
ct
Med
ium
to h
igh
perm
anen
t dire
ct
impa
ct
Med
ium
to h
igh
perm
anen
t dire
ct
impa
ct
1.2.
10
Eros
ion
and
Sedi
men
tatio
n M
ediu
m to
hig
h pe
rman
ent d
irect
im
pact
Med
ium
to h
igh
perm
anen
t dire
ct
impa
ct
Med
ium
to h
igh
perm
anen
t dire
ct
impa
ct
Med
ium
to h
igh
perm
anen
t dire
ct
impa
ct
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-64
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
6: R
egis
tere
d E
nvir
onm
enta
l and
Soc
ial i
mpa
cts (
cont
d.)
Zon
e T
ype
and
Mag
nitu
de o
f Eff
ect
No.
A
ntic
ipat
ed S
igni
fican
t Im
pact
s A
1
A
2B
1
B2
C1
C2
C3
1.2.
11
Vis
ual I
mpa
ct c
ause
d by
est
ablis
hmen
t of
perm
anen
t stru
ctur
es li
ke p
umpi
ng st
atio
ns
and
othe
r sup
port
faci
litie
s inc
ludi
ng
pow
er su
pply
line
s
Med
ium
to h
igh
perm
anen
t dire
ct
impa
ct
Med
ium
to h
igh
perm
anen
t dire
ct
impa
ct
Med
ium
to h
igh
perm
anen
t dire
ct
impa
ct
1.3
Soci
al
1.3.
1 Im
pact
s on
Bed
ouin
Pop
ulat
ions
N
one
to lo
w
tem
pora
ry d
irect
im
pact
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
1.3.
2
Res
ettle
men
t N
one
to lo
w
tem
pora
ry d
irect
im
pact
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
1.3.
3
Land
Acq
uisi
tion
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Non
e to
low
te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
1.3.
4 Tr
affic
Dis
rupt
ions
Med
ium
Tem
pora
ry d
irect
im
pact
and
hig
h w
hen
cros
sing
th
e D
eser
t Roa
d
Med
ium
Te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct a
nd h
igh
whe
n cr
ossi
ng th
e D
eser
t Roa
d
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
Impa
ct
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
Impa
ct
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
di
rect
Impa
ct
1.3.
5 D
istu
rb o
f the
exi
stin
g in
fras
truct
ure
and
utili
ties i
nclu
ding
wat
er su
pply
and
w
aste
wat
er se
rvic
es, e
lect
rical
pow
er
supp
ly a
nd o
ther
s
Hig
h, T
empo
rary
dire
ct im
pact
H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
H
igh,
Tem
pora
ry
dire
ct im
pact
1.3.
6 R
isk
to S
afet
y of
Loc
al R
esid
ent a
nd
Empl
oyee
s, e
spec
ially
ped
estri
ans
Not
sign
ifica
nt
for t
he lo
cals
and
hi
gh fo
r the
pr
ojec
t em
ploy
ees
Not
sign
ifica
nt
for t
he lo
cals
and
hi
gh fo
r the
pr
ojec
t em
ploy
ees
Low
-Med
ium
Te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct fo
r the
lo
cals
and
hig
h fo
r the
pro
ject
em
ploy
ees
Low
-Med
ium
Te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct fo
r the
lo
cals
and
hig
h fo
r th
e pr
ojec
t em
ploy
ees
Hig
h Te
mpo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct fo
r th
e lo
cals
and
hi
gh fo
r the
pr
ojec
t em
ploy
ees
Hig
h Te
mpo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct fo
r th
e lo
cals
and
hi
gh fo
r the
pr
ojec
t em
ploy
ees
Hig
h Te
mpo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct fo
r th
e lo
cals
and
hi
gh fo
r the
pr
ojec
t em
ploy
ees
1.3.
7 D
isru
ptio
n of
bus
ines
s may
lead
to th
e te
mpo
rary
loss
of i
ncom
e.
Lo
w-M
ediu
mTe
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Lo
w-M
ediu
m
Tem
pora
ry d
irect
impa
ct
Low
-Med
ium
Te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Low
-Med
ium
Te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-65
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
6: R
egis
tere
d E
nvir
onm
enta
l and
Soc
ial i
mpa
cts (
cont
d.)
Zon
e T
ype
and
Mag
nitu
de o
f Eff
ect
No.
A
ntic
ipat
ed S
igni
fican
t Im
pact
s A
1
A
2B
1B
2C
1C
2C
31.
3.8
Prop
erty
dam
age
and
loss
of i
ncom
e
Low
-Med
ium
Te
mpo
rary
di
rect
impa
ct
Low
-Med
ium
Te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Low
-Med
ium
Te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
Low
-Med
ium
Te
mpo
rary
dire
ct
impa
ct
1.4
A
gric
ultu
re E
nvir
onm
ent
1.4.
1 R
emov
al a
nd c
ut o
f tre
es c
lose
to th
e pi
pelin
e
M
ediu
man
ddi
rect
Med
ium
and
di
rect
M
ediu
m a
nd
dire
ct
Med
ium
and
di
rect
1.
4.2
Lim
itatio
n of
the
acce
ssib
ility
to th
e fa
rms
Lo
w a
nd d
irect
Lo
w a
nd d
irect
Lo
w a
nd d
irect
Lo
w a
nd d
irect
1.5
A
rcha
eolo
gica
l Site
s1.
5.1
Arc
haeo
logi
cal s
ites
Med
ium
, ind
irect
an
d di
rect
M
ediu
m, i
ndire
ct
and
dire
ct
Med
ium
, ind
irect
an
d di
rect
M
ediu
m, i
ndire
ct
and
dire
ct
Med
ium
, ind
irect
an
d di
rect
2
Ope
ratio
n Ph
ase
2.1
B
iolo
gica
l Env
iron
men
t2.
1.1
H
abita
t2.
1.1.
1 In
crea
sed
hum
an in
terf
eren
ce a
nd
acce
ssib
ility
C
umul
ativ
e C
umul
ativ
e
2.1.
2
Spec
ies
2.1.
2.1
Pers
ecut
ion
of w
ildlif
e D
irect
, ind
irect
an
d cu
mul
ativ
e D
irect
, ind
irect
an
d cu
mul
ativ
e
2.2
A B
iotic
Env
iron
men
t 2.
2.1
Thre
aten
ing
the
publ
ic sa
fety
of l
ocal
po
pula
tions
M
ediu
m,
perm
anen
t dire
ct
impa
ct
Med
ium
, pe
rman
ent d
irect
im
pact
Med
ium
, pe
rman
ent d
irect
im
pact
Med
ium
, pe
rman
ent d
irect
im
pact
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-66
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6.6 Environmental and Social Management Plan The project policy dictates that the environment and social aspects are to be managed in the way other parts of the project development are in order to enhance sustainable development. The project Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) was formulated (i) to enable compliance with the Jordanian environmental regulations presented in the Section 3-a: Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework, (ii) to account for relevant World Bank Policies, regional and international agreements, and (iii) to recognize the relationships between the project with its stakeholders. The key principle behind ESMP formulation is ensuring proper, wise and conscious implementation of the proposed mitigation and monitoring measures in order to achieve environmentally sound development. An organizational structure has been developed in order to enable effective implementation of the proposed ESMP. This structure defines responsibilities related to the environmental requirements raised by the proposed project and responses necessary to cope with these requirements in an effective fashion. The proposed ESMP addresses the issue of environmental awareness and environmental training, whereby environmental training needs of staff at business units are determined for the purpose of designing and implementing suitable training interventions. 6.6.1 Management Objectives, Structure and Responsibility The project environmental and social objectives, mitigation, monitoring and evaluation actions have been proposed on the basis of the findings of the Environmental and Social Assessment Study. These objectives and targets require the approval of the Government of Jordan and other project sponsors and should be periodically reviewed and updated to ensure consistency with overall environmental and social policy. The overall objectives include:
• To promote closer integration of impact assessment into planning, policymaking and overall project management;
• To avoid to the extent possible the occurrence of impacts by the project on the environmental and social settings;
• To minimize to the extent possible the unavoidable impacts; • To restore the impacted social and environmental settings rapidly; and • To compensate for non-restorable settings and for interim disruption whenever needed.
The detailed project-specific environmental and social management objectives and targets identified for the proposed project are presented in Table 17 and Table 18 in terms of mitigation and monitoring objectives as part of the project Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Matrix.
Final Report S-67 Consolidated Consultants
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
7: S
ite-s
peci
fic m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s bas
ed o
n pr
ojec
t act
iviti
es
Proj
ect
Phas
e A
ffec
ted
Com
pone
nt
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
Typ
e Z
ones
of P
oten
tial S
igni
fican
t Occ
urre
nce
Tem
pora
ry Im
pact
s
The
resi
dent
ial a
reas
loca
ted
clos
e to
the
prop
osed
new
Abu
Ala
nda
rese
rvoi
r Th
e ne
ighb
ourh
oods
and
“se
rvic
e/co
mm
erci
al”
esta
blis
hmen
ts lo
cate
d be
twee
n A
bu A
land
a re
serv
oir a
nd A
mm
an-M
adab
a br
idge
, and
1-
Hig
h N
oise
Lev
els
All
the
esta
blis
hmen
ts lo
cate
d be
twee
n A
mm
an-M
adab
a br
idge
and
Alji
za a
rea
with
in th
e pr
ojec
t cor
ridor
and
the
Qat
rane
h ar
ea w
ithin
Se
gmen
t (B
-2).
The
resi
dent
ial a
reas
loca
ted
clos
e to
the
prop
osed
new
Abu
Ala
nda
rese
rvoi
r Th
e ne
ighb
ourh
oods
and
“se
rvic
e/co
mm
erci
al”
esta
blis
hmen
ts lo
cate
d be
twee
n A
bu A
land
a re
serv
oir a
nd A
mm
an-M
adab
a br
idge
, and
2-
Incr
ease
d D
ust L
evel
s and
ass
ocia
ted
incr
ease
in th
e po
tent
ial p
ublic
and
wor
kers
hea
lth p
robl
ems
All
the
esta
blis
hmen
ts lo
cate
d be
twee
n A
mm
an-M
adab
a br
idge
and
Alji
za a
rea
with
in th
e pr
ojec
t cor
ridor
and
the
Qat
rane
h ar
ea w
ithin
Se
gmen
t (B
-2).
3- G
ener
ated
Flu
id W
aste
s:
The
resi
dent
ial a
reas
loca
ted
clos
e to
the
prop
osed
new
Abu
Ala
nda
rese
rvoi
r Th
e ne
ighb
ourh
oods
and
“se
rvic
e/co
mm
erci
al”
esta
blis
hmen
ts lo
cate
d be
twee
n A
bu A
land
a re
serv
oir a
nd A
mm
an-M
adab
a br
idge
, and
T
hrea
teni
ng p
ublic
hea
lth
All
the
esta
blis
hmen
ts lo
cate
d be
twee
n A
mm
an-M
adab
a br
idge
and
Alji
za a
rea
with
in th
e pr
ojec
t cor
ridor
and
the
Qat
rane
h ar
ea w
ithin
Se
gmen
t (B
-2).
Pol
lutin
g gr
ound
wat
er a
quife
rs e
spec
ially
the
shal
low
aqu
ifer s
yste
m a
long
the
proj
ect c
orrid
or a
nd
All
segm
ents
T
hrea
teni
ng b
iodi
vers
ity e
lem
ents
Se
gmen
ts A
& B
-1
4- G
ener
ated
Sol
id W
aste
s fro
m C
onst
ruct
ion
Act
iviti
es
The
resi
dent
ial a
reas
loca
ted
clos
e to
the
prop
osed
new
Abu
Ala
nda
rese
rvoi
r Th
e ne
ighb
ourh
oods
and
“se
rvic
e/co
mm
erci
al”
esta
blis
hmen
ts lo
cate
d be
twee
n A
bu A
land
a re
serv
oir a
nd A
mm
an-M
adab
a br
idge
, and
T
hrea
teni
ng p
ublic
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth
All
the
esta
blis
hmen
ts lo
cate
d be
twee
n A
mm
an-M
adab
a br
idge
and
Alji
za a
rea
with
in th
e pr
ojec
t cor
ridor
and
the
Qat
rane
h a
rea
with
in
Segm
ent (
B-2
). C
hang
ing
the
loca
l geo
mor
phol
ogy
and
loca
l dra
inag
e sy
stem
and
impa
ctin
g th
e bi
odiv
ersi
ty sy
stem
Se
gmen
ts A
& B
T
hrea
teni
ng fa
unal
ele
men
ts a
long
the
was
te d
ispo
sal l
ocat
ions
. Se
gmen
ts A
& B
-1
5- V
isua
l Im
pact
A
ll Se
gmen
ts
6- A
cces
s Roa
ds C
onst
ruct
ion
C
hang
ing
loca
l geo
mor
phol
ogy
and
the
natu
ral l
ands
cape
Se
gmen
ts A
& B
D
amag
ing
natu
ral h
abita
ts a
nd d
estro
ying
nat
ural
veg
etat
ion
Segm
ents
A &
B-1
T
hrea
teni
ng p
ublic
safe
ty a
nd d
amag
ing
priv
ate
prop
ertie
s Se
gmen
ts C
& B
-2
Perm
anen
t Im
pact
s
1- L
ands
cape
Dam
age,
Cha
nge
of N
atur
al D
rain
age
Syst
em a
nd L
ocal
Geo
mor
phol
ogy
Segm
ents
A &
B
Physical Environment
2- V
isua
l Im
pact
cau
sed
by a
ccum
ulat
ed so
lid w
aste
and
cha
nged
land
scap
es
All
Segm
ents
1-
Fra
gmen
tatio
n of
des
ert h
abita
ts th
at a
re a
lrea
dy u
nder
mis
-util
izat
ion;
Se
gmen
ts A
& B
-1
2- In
crea
sed
hum
an in
terf
eren
ce d
ue to
incr
ease
d ac
cess
ibili
ty to
rel
ativ
ely
rem
ote
area
s and
site
s suc
h as
B
atn
El-G
houl
; Se
gmen
t A
3- P
erse
cutio
n of
wild
life
due
to in
crea
sed
acce
ssib
ility
; Se
gmen
ts A
& B
4-
Dis
turb
ance
to b
reed
ing
and
mig
rato
ry b
ird
spec
ies;
and
Se
gmen
t A
Biological Environment
5- In
trod
uctio
n of
exo
tic sp
ecie
s. Se
gmen
ts A
& B
1-
Impa
cts t
o th
e la
rge-
scal
e A
gric
ultu
re
P
ost t
o th
e ex
pira
tion
of th
e la
rge-
scal
e fa
rmin
g ag
reem
ents
two
poss
ibili
ties a
rise:
firs
t, re
new
al o
f the
ag
reem
ent a
nd se
cond
, agr
eem
ents
term
inat
ion.
Ren
ewal
of t
he a
gree
men
t mig
ht b
ring
diff
eren
t con
ditio
ns. T
he
miti
gatio
n m
easu
res w
ill h
ave
to b
e co
vere
d w
ithin
the
agre
emen
t its
elf.
If th
e cu
rren
t agr
eem
ent i
s not
rene
wed
, al
l fou
r lar
ge-s
cale
agr
icul
tura
l com
pani
es w
ill le
ave
the
prod
uctio
n pr
oces
s with
a to
tal p
lant
ed a
rea
of m
ore
than
40
thou
sand
dun
ums.
A tr
ade
off a
rises
; the
cou
ntry
will
be
savi
ng m
ore
than
34
MC
M o
f fre
sh w
ater
an
nual
ly. A
t the
sam
e, th
e su
pply
of a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts w
ill lo
ose
mor
e th
an 1
00 th
ousa
nd to
ns a
nnua
lly. I
t is
expe
cted
that
oth
er ir
rigat
ed a
reas
in Jo
rdan
will
cov
er th
e sh
orta
ge in
supp
ly o
f agr
icul
tura
l pro
duct
s. H
owev
er,
no m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s are
rele
vant
.
Segm
ent A
Construction Phase
Agriculture
2- Im
pact
s to
the
smal
l-sca
le a
gric
ultu
ral a
ctiv
ities
C
uttin
g tre
es;
Dus
t on
trees
; and
R
estri
ctio
n on
mob
ility
.
Agr
icul
tura
l act
iviti
es th
at e
xist
on
the
rout
e fr
om Ji
zeh
to A
bu A
land
a
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-68
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
7: S
ite-s
peci
fic m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s bas
ed o
n pr
ojec
t act
iviti
es (c
ontd
.) Pr
ojec
t Ph
ase
Aff
ecte
d C
ompo
nent
Po
tent
ial I
mpa
ct T
ype
Zone
s of P
oten
tial S
igni
fican
t Occ
urre
nce
1- T
raff
ic D
istu
rban
ce
I
ncre
ased
traf
fic d
ensi
ty a
nd tr
affic
dis
turb
ance
A
long
the
Des
ert H
ighw
ay se
gmen
t of t
he p
roje
ct ro
ute
and
near
by
loca
l roa
d sy
stem
s whe
re e
ver c
onst
ruct
ion
activ
ities
are
app
lied.
Se
gmen
ts (C
-1)
Segm
ents
(C-3
) P
artly
and
/or t
otal
clo
sure
of l
ocal
road
syst
ems
The
resi
dent
ial n
eigh
bour
hood
s and
the
serv
ices
est
ablis
hmen
ts a
long
the
Des
ert H
ighw
ay w
ithin
segm
ent (
B).
Par
tially
and
/or t
otal
clo
sure
of t
he D
eser
t Hig
hway
and
the
Rai
lway
at s
ever
al lo
catio
ns is
exp
ecte
d. T
he
disr
uptio
n w
ill b
e at
four
to fi
ve lo
catio
ns o
n th
e D
eser
t Hig
hway
whe
re e
ver t
he p
ipel
ine
is d
esig
ned/
requ
ired
to
cros
s the
road
left-
right
or v
ice
vers
a, a
lso
disr
uptio
ns is
und
erst
ood
to o
ccur
at t
wo
loca
tions
on
the
Rai
lway
Segm
ent B
Div
ertin
g th
e tra
ffic
thro
ugh
tem
pora
ry a
cces
s roa
ds o
r by
to d
etou
rs th
roug
h re
side
ntia
l are
as a
nd c
onge
sted
ar
eas,
Segm
ents
C-1
& C
-3
Tra
ffic
con
gest
ion
as re
sult
of th
e da
ily m
ovem
ent o
f hea
vy tr
ucks
tran
spor
ting
equi
pmen
ts a
nd m
ater
ials
alo
ng
the
proj
ect w
orki
ng a
reas
. A
ll Se
gmen
ts
2- E
ffec
t on
Loc
als a
nd E
mpl
oyee
s Pub
lic S
afet
y:
The
follo
win
g sa
fety
risk
s are
ant
icip
ated
C
ar a
ccid
ents
and
Veh
icul
ar-p
edes
trian
con
flict
s due
to th
e ex
pect
ed c
onst
ruct
ion-
caus
ed tr
affic
con
junc
tions
and
fr
om m
odifi
catio
n to
kno
wn
road
s. D
eep
exca
vatio
ns c
lose
to re
side
ntia
l are
as a
nd o
pen
trenc
hes e
spec
ially
in A
bu A
land
a, A
ljiza
and
Qat
rane
h ar
eas.
The
pres
ence
of s
uch
exca
vatio
n ho
les a
nd tr
ench
es w
ill b
e of
gre
at th
reat
to p
edes
trian
s, sc
hool
stud
ents
in
thei
r dai
ly tr
ip o
n fo
ot to
/from
the
near
by sc
hool
s and
on
vehi
cles
driv
ers a
nd m
ovin
g w
ithin
or c
lose
to th
e pr
ojec
t cor
ridor
and
esp
ecia
lly d
urin
g ni
ght t
ime.
S
tore
d m
ater
ials
incl
udin
g fu
el a
nd o
ther
che
mic
als a
long
the
proj
ect c
orrid
or th
reat
s the
pub
lic sa
fety
of t
he
near
by re
side
ntia
l are
as in
add
ition
to th
e sa
fety
of t
he p
roje
ct w
orkf
orce
. I
gnor
ance
and
non
com
plia
nce
with
the
cons
truct
ion
wor
kers
safe
ty re
quire
men
ts in
clud
ing
not w
earin
g pr
otec
tion
helm
ets,
insu
ffic
ient
ligh
ting
durin
g w
orki
ng a
t nig
ht sh
ifts,
and
abse
nce
or sh
orta
ge in
firs
t aid
m
ater
ials
and
per
sonn
el.
Segm
ents
C-1
, C-3
, and
the
resi
dent
ial n
eigh
bour
hood
s and
the
serv
ices
est
ablis
hmen
ts a
long
the
Des
ert H
ighw
ay w
ithin
segm
ent (
B).
The
mov
emen
t and
ope
ratio
ns o
f hea
vy e
quip
men
ts w
ithin
the
cons
truct
ion
corr
idor
of t
he D
eser
t Hig
hway
- R
um-D
isi r
oad.
D
eser
t Hig
hway
- R
um-D
isi r
oad.
Socio-economic Conditions
3- In
fras
truc
ture
Util
ities
and
Soc
ial D
istu
rban
ces.
The
pro
pose
d pi
pe ro
ute
cros
ses a
nd p
asse
s clo
se to
a la
rge
num
ber o
f util
ities
/faci
litie
s tha
t ser
ves r
esid
entia
l ar
eas.
Man
y ut
ilitie
s are
ant
icip
ated
to im
pose
spec
ific
cons
train
s on
the
wor
k de
sign
and
exe
cutio
n.
4- A
s a r
esul
t of t
he p
ipel
ine
tren
ch e
xcav
atio
ns, d
istu
rban
ce to
loca
l soc
ietie
s alo
ng th
e in
habi
ted
area
may
st
em fr
om th
e fo
llow
ing
acci
dent
s:
A la
rge
segm
ent o
f the
pip
elin
e tre
nch
will
be
4 m
wid
th b
y 4
m d
epth
. It m
ight
be
haza
rdou
s to
pede
stria
ns
parti
cula
rly c
hild
ren,
unl
ess o
ther
wis
e pr
otec
ted/
isol
ated
by
a su
itabl
e st
ruct
ure.
D
istu
rban
ce to
wat
er su
pply
and
was
tew
ater
serv
ices
mig
ht o
ccur
if b
y ac
cide
nt p
ipel
ines
or w
aste
wat
er n
etw
ork
are
brok
en d
own,
this
will
als
o po
llute
dom
estic
wat
er su
pplie
s thr
ough
loca
l wat
er d
istri
butio
n sy
stem
(with
in o
r cl
ose
to th
e in
cide
nce
site
/s).
This
situ
atio
n w
ill p
osse
s (if
happ
ened
) sig
nific
ant t
hrea
t to
publ
ic h
ealth
. D
istu
rban
ce to
pow
er su
pply
is a
ntic
ipat
ed to
occ
ur, w
ere
tem
pora
ry e
ffec
t is h
ighl
y po
tent
ial t
o oc
cur e
spec
ially
w
hen
ther
e is
a n
eed
to re
loca
te e
lect
ricity
pol
es fa
r fro
m th
e co
urse
of t
he p
ipel
ine.
M
ore
than
80
com
mer
cial
bui
ldin
gs in
clud
ing
over
350
shop
s hav
e be
en c
ount
ed a
long
the
pipe
line
alig
nmen
t. B
usin
ess d
isru
ptio
n m
ay le
ad to
the
tem
pora
ry lo
ss o
f inc
ome.
A
long
the
dese
rt hi
ghw
ay fr
om A
mm
an to
Jurf
junc
tion,
the
Gre
ater
Am
man
Mun
icip
ality
inst
alle
d ab
out 6
0 el
ectri
fied
adve
rtise
men
t boa
rds 6
m b
y 2
m fo
r ren
t to
com
mer
cial
and
indu
stria
l com
pani
es. S
ome
of th
ese
boar
ds h
ave
been
ere
cted
with
in th
e rig
ht-o
f-w
ay o
f the
road
. The
se b
oard
s can
be
tem
pora
rily
rem
oved
dur
ing
cons
truct
ion
and
re-e
rect
ed in
a su
itabl
e pl
ace.
Segm
ents
C &
B
1- D
irec
t thr
eat o
f dam
age
to:
The
are
a of
Cav
e of
Sev
en S
leep
ers;
T
he C
ave
of th
e Se
ven
Slee
pers
; and
T
he M
auso
leum
.
Segm
ent A
Construction Phase
Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites
2- In
dire
ct im
pact
s or
acci
dent
s mig
ht a
ffec
t the
: A
l - Q
atra
neh
Cas
tle;
The
Pre
ss;
Al -
Juw
ayda
Mau
sole
um;
Al-
Qas
tal;
Al -
Jiza
Poo
l; an
d T
he B
yzan
tine
Chu
rch.
Segm
ent A
& B
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-69
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
7: S
ite-s
peci
fic m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s bas
ed o
n pr
ojec
t act
iviti
es (c
ontd
.) Pr
ojec
t Ph
ase
Aff
ecte
d C
ompo
nent
Po
tent
ial I
mpa
ct T
ype
Zone
s of P
oten
tial S
igni
fican
t Occ
urre
nce
1- F
ragm
enta
tion
of d
eser
t hab
itats
that
are
alr
eady
und
er m
is-u
tiliz
atio
n Se
gmen
t A &
Seg
men
t B-1
2-
Incr
ease
d hu
man
inte
rfer
ence
due
to in
crea
sed
acce
ssib
ility
to r
elat
ivel
y re
mot
e ar
eas a
nd si
tes s
uch
as
Bat
n E
l-Gho
ul
Segm
ent A
3- P
erse
cutio
n of
wild
life
due
to in
crea
sed
acce
ssib
ility
Se
gmen
t A &
Seg
men
t B
4- D
istu
rban
ce to
bre
edin
g an
d m
igra
tory
bir
d sp
ecie
s Se
gmen
t A
Biological Environment
5- In
trod
uctio
n of
exo
tic sp
ecie
s. Se
gmen
t A &
Seg
men
t B
Operation Phase
Social
1- P
ositi
ve h
ealth
impl
icat
ions
of t
he r
egul
ar w
ater
supp
ly to
Am
man
City
Se
gmen
t C
1- L
ands
cape
Dam
age,
Cha
nge
of N
atur
al D
rain
age
Syst
em a
nd L
ocal
Geo
mor
phol
ogy
Segm
ents
A &
B
2- P
oten
tial I
mpa
cts o
n B
iolo
gica
l Env
iron
men
t:
F
ragm
enta
tion
of d
eser
t hab
itats
that
are
alre
ady
unde
r mis
-util
izat
ion
Segm
ent A
& S
egm
ent B
-1
Inc
reas
ed h
uman
inte
rfer
ence
due
to in
crea
sed
acce
ssib
ility
to re
lativ
ely
rem
ote
area
s and
site
s suc
h as
Bat
n El
-Gho
ul
Segm
ent A
Per
secu
tion
of w
ildlif
e du
e to
incr
ease
d ac
cess
ibili
ty
Segm
ent A
& S
egm
ent B
D
istu
rban
ce to
bre
edin
g an
d m
igra
tory
bird
spec
ies
Segm
ent A
Cumulative Environmental and
Social Impacts
Int
rodu
ctio
n of
exo
tic sp
ecie
s. Se
gmen
t A &
Seg
men
t B
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-70
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
8: E
SMP
Site
-Spe
cific
Pro
cedu
res a
nd R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s Ph
ase
No.
M
itiga
tion
and
ESM
Pro
cedu
res
Zon
es
Impl
emen
tatio
n R
espo
nsib
ility
L
icen
sing
and
Com
plia
nce
Mon
itori
ng
Res
pons
ibili
ty
M
itiga
ting
Impa
cts t
o th
e Ph
ysic
al E
nvir
onm
ent
1
Con
serv
e N
atur
al L
ands
cape
and
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es
1.
1
A
void
ance
Mea
sure
s
1.1.
1 Th
e pr
ojec
t co
nstru
ctio
n co
rrid
or s
houl
d be
def
ined
and
pro
per
sign
age
syst
em s
houl
d be
est
ablis
hed.
The
cor
ridor
sho
uld
not
exce
ed 5
0 m
eter
s. A
ll se
gmen
ts
1.1.
2 W
here
cle
arin
g is
req
uire
d fo
r pe
rman
ent
wor
ks,
appr
oved
con
stru
ctio
n ac
tiviti
es a
nd f
or e
xcav
atio
n op
erat
ions
, co
nstru
ctio
n ac
tiviti
es sh
ould
be
limite
d as
muc
h as
app
licab
le to
min
imum
are
as o
f the
pro
ject
con
stru
ctio
n co
rrid
or
Segm
ents
A &
B
1.1.
3 C
hang
ing
the
geom
orph
olog
y, th
e lo
cal d
rain
age
syst
ems,
in a
dditi
on to
flor
a de
mol
ition
sho
uld
be p
rohi
bite
d ou
tsid
e th
e pr
opos
ed
proj
ect c
orrid
or.
Segm
ents
A &
B
1.1.
4 A
void
unn
eces
sary
exc
avat
ion
proc
esse
s an
d of
f ro
ad e
spec
ially
at
ham
mad
are
as a
nd s
and
dune
s an
d ut
ilize
the
exi
stin
g ro
ads
inst
ead
of m
akin
g ne
w o
nes w
hene
ver a
pplic
able
. Se
gmen
ts A
& B
1.1.
5 A
void
acc
umul
atio
n of
exc
avat
ion
pile
s dur
ing
rain
y se
ason
. A
ll se
gmen
ts
1.1.
6 A
void
acc
umul
atio
n of
exc
avat
ed m
ater
ial t
hrou
gh sy
nchr
oniz
ing
exca
vatio
n an
d fil
ling
proc
esse
s. A
ll se
gmen
ts
1.1.
7 Pr
ohib
it du
mpi
ng so
lid w
aste
s in
the
wad
i cro
ssin
gs.
A &
B
1.1.
8 A
void
as m
uch
as p
ossi
ble
build
ing
of p
erm
anen
t fac
ilitie
s and
inst
ead
cons
ider
the
use
of m
obile
resi
denc
e fa
cilit
ies.
All
segm
ents
1.
1.9
Avo
id v
eget
ated
sand
dun
es a
reas
(esp
ecia
lly a
t Dis
i and
Bat
n El
-Gho
ul a
reas
) as m
uch
as p
ossi
ble.
A
1.
1.10
A
void
pla
ntin
g or
seed
ing
of c
rops
and
exo
tic sp
ecie
s. Se
gmen
ts A
& B
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
1.2
Wad
i Cro
ssin
g M
itiga
tions
1.
2.1
App
ly b
ridge
-cro
ssin
g st
ruct
ures
for w
adi c
ross
ings
1.
2.2
Avo
id lo
wer
ing
the
pipe
line
to th
e be
d of
the
wad
i sec
tion
to a
void
ero
sion
haz
ard
due
to th
e na
ture
of
the
wad
is a
t suc
h re
gim
e st
age
of th
e st
ream
s. Th
e C
ontra
ctor
sho
uld
plan
for
div
ertin
g th
e flo
od f
low
if c
onst
ruct
ion
is c
arrie
d ou
t in
the
rain
y se
ason
and
sh
ould
def
ine
the
loca
tion
of th
e flo
w s
ectio
n(s)
and
pre
fera
bly
cros
s th
ese
sect
ions
with
brid
ge c
ross
ing.
Ass
uran
ce f
or th
e flo
w
capa
city
for s
uch
sect
ions
mus
t be
acco
mpa
nied
by
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
floo
d st
udy.
1.
2.3
The
Con
tract
or sh
ould
con
side
r and
app
ly th
e fo
llow
ing
cros
sing
miti
gatio
ns:
• Ti
me
exec
utin
g cr
ossi
ng st
ruct
ures
cou
ld b
e sc
hedu
led
at d
ry p
erio
d be
twee
n M
ay a
nd O
ctob
er.
• M
inim
um p
rote
ctio
n ag
ains
t flo
odw
ater
mus
t be
agai
nst f
low
of 1
0-Ye
ar r
etur
n pe
riod
for
dive
rtin
g th
e flo
w a
nd p
rote
ctin
g th
e si
te.
• In
sura
nce
mus
t cov
er th
e hi
gher
retu
rn p
erio
d flo
od fl
ow.
• St
ream
dev
elop
men
t sho
uld
be p
lane
d ca
refu
lly w
ith a
com
preh
ensi
ve fl
ood
flow
ana
lysi
s. •
The
Con
trac
tor s
houl
d av
oid
any
dist
urba
nce
to m
ain
flow
sect
ion
unle
ss a
wel
l des
ign
is c
onsi
dere
d to
min
imiz
e er
osio
n an
d se
dim
enta
tion
proc
esse
s. •
Spoi
l m
ater
ials
sho
uld
be d
ispo
sed
away
fro
m t
he f
low
are
as a
t si
tes
with
no
pote
ntia
l of
sto
rm w
ater
flo
w i
n or
der
to
elim
inat
e an
y se
dim
ent m
ovem
ent,
whi
ch c
ould
end
at t
he fl
ow s
ectio
ns. T
hese
sed
imen
ts c
ould
cau
se r
educ
tion
in fl
ow a
rea
and
site
floo
ding
.
Segm
ents
A &
B
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
1.3
Ero
sion
and
Sed
imen
tatio
n C
ontr
ol
1.3.
1 D
evel
op th
e cr
ossi
ng s
ite h
ydra
ulic
ally
and
ext
end
it be
fore
and
afte
r the
cro
ssin
g se
ctio
n w
ith a
min
imum
dis
tanc
e of
ten
times
the
flow
sec
tion
wid
th in
ord
er to
elim
inat
e an
y flo
w d
istu
rban
ce a
nd to
sm
ooth
the
flow
whi
ch w
ill e
vent
ually
min
imis
e th
e er
osio
n pr
oces
s. 1.
3.2
Dis
char
ge c
onst
ruct
ion
mat
eria
l spo
il ou
t of t
he fl
ow se
ctio
ns a
t site
s with
no
pote
ntia
l of s
torm
wat
ers t
o ca
rry
thes
e m
ater
ials
to th
e flo
w s
ectio
ns. T
his
will
elim
inat
e th
e se
dim
enta
tion
in th
e flo
w s
ectio
ns, w
hich
cou
ld re
duce
the
flow
sec
tion
and
lead
to fl
oodi
ng
the
site
.
Segm
ents
A &
B
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
1.4
Reh
abili
tatio
n an
d R
esto
ratio
n M
easu
res
1.
4.1
Res
tore
as m
uch
as p
ossi
ble
chan
ged
surf
ace
mor
phol
ogy
to m
aint
ain
natu
ral w
ater
flow
.
Construction Phase
1.4.
2 R
esto
re w
adi s
ide
bank
s to
mai
ntai
n na
tura
l wat
er fl
ow a
nd re
duce
ero
sion
. A
ll se
gmen
ts
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-71
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
8: E
SMP
Site
-Spe
cific
Pro
cedu
res a
nd R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s (co
ntd.
) R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s Ph
ase
No.
M
itiga
tion
and
ESM
Pro
cedu
res
Zon
es
Impl
emen
tatio
n R
espo
nsib
ility
L
icen
sing
and
Com
plia
nce
Mon
itori
ng
Res
pons
ibili
ty
2 In
stal
ling
App
ropr
iate
Flu
id W
aste
Col
lect
ion
Syst
em
2.
1 C
onst
ruct
im
perm
eabl
e se
ptic
tan
ks f
or d
omes
tic w
aste
wat
er c
olle
ctio
n to
ser
ve e
ach
of t
he p
roje
ct m
ain
offic
es a
nd i
n th
e te
mpo
rary
wor
ksta
tions
alo
ng th
e pr
ojec
t rou
te in
add
ition
to th
e co
nstru
ctio
n ca
mps
, sto
rage
yar
ds a
nd st
agin
g ar
eas.
2.2
Proh
ibit
the
perio
dica
l m
aint
enan
ce f
or t
he m
achi
nes
to o
ccur
with
in t
he p
roje
ct s
ite.
All
mac
hine
s an
d ve
hicl
es s
houl
d be
m
aint
aine
d at
spec
ializ
ed m
aint
enan
ce st
atio
ns.
2.3
Whe
neve
r acc
iden
tal l
eaka
ge o
f flu
id w
aste
occ
urs,
the
Con
tract
or is
resp
onsi
ble
to c
lean
the
pollu
ted
area
.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
3 A
pply
ing
App
ropr
iate
Sol
id W
aste
Col
lect
ion
Syst
em
3.
1 En
sure
max
imum
util
izat
ion
of th
e ge
nera
ted
cut m
ater
ials
(dire
ct a
nd ro
cks)
in th
e fil
l pro
cess
. 3.
2 Es
tabl
ish,
ope
rate
and
mon
itor
tem
pora
ry s
olid
was
te d
umpi
ng s
ites
with
in th
e co
nstru
ctio
n co
rrid
or, t
he g
ener
ated
and
tem
pora
ry
dum
ped
solid
was
tes i
n th
ese
site
s sho
uld
be p
lace
d an
d em
ptie
d on
biw
eekl
y ba
sis a
nd tr
ansf
erre
d (if
not
util
ized
as f
illin
g m
ater
ials
in
the
cons
truct
ion
activ
ities
) to
def
ined
sol
id w
aste
dum
ping
site
s ou
t of
the
proj
ect c
orrid
or. S
uch
dum
ping
site
s sh
ould
com
ply
with
the
stat
ed c
riter
ia a
nd a
ppro
ved
from
the
rela
ted
auth
oriti
es in
clud
ing
the
Min
istry
of W
ater
and
Irrig
atio
n an
d th
e M
inis
try o
f En
viro
nmen
t. 3.
3 Pr
ohib
it so
lid w
aste
acc
umul
atio
n w
ithin
or
clos
e to
def
ined
hot
spot
s, ar
cheo
logi
cal s
ites,
farm
s, re
side
ntia
l are
as, w
ater
run
offs
, ve
geta
ted
ham
med
are
as a
nd sa
nd d
unes
. 3.
4 Pr
ohib
it pr
olon
ged
accu
mul
atio
n of
sol
id w
aste
s. Th
e se
lect
ed t
empo
rary
dum
ping
site
s sh
ould
be
treat
ed o
nly
as s
olid
was
te
trans
fer s
tatio
ns.
3.5
Prop
erly
col
lect
the
gene
rate
d do
mes
tic so
lid w
aste
by
the
proj
ect e
mpl
oyee
s and
tran
spor
ted
it to
the
clos
est m
unic
ipal
land
fill.
This
re
quire
s prio
r coo
rdin
atio
n w
ith re
late
d m
unic
ipal
ities
. The
Con
tract
or sh
ould
ens
ure
the
effic
ienc
y of
was
te c
olle
ctio
n an
d tra
nspo
rt sy
stem
thou
gh n
o w
aste
is b
eing
mis
man
aged
or a
ccum
ulat
ed.
The
tem
pora
ry so
lid w
aste
dum
ping
stat
ions
(sol
id w
aste
tran
sfer
stat
ions
) sho
uld:
- A
void
usi
ng r
unof
fs, w
adis
and
san
d du
ne a
reas
as
tem
pora
ry s
olid
was
te s
tora
ge g
roun
d (e
spec
ially
at D
isi a
nd B
atn
El-G
houl
ar
eas)
as m
uch
as p
ossi
ble.
- A
void
acc
umul
atio
n of
exc
avat
ed m
ater
ial t
hrou
gh sy
nchr
oniz
ing
exca
vatio
n an
d fil
ling
proc
esse
s.
3.6
- Avo
id a
s muc
h as
pos
sibl
e re
mov
al o
f gre
en c
over
. 3.
7 A
pply
rest
orat
ion
of th
e ar
eas u
sed
as te
mpo
rary
stor
age
grou
nds s
oon
afte
r fin
ishi
ng th
e us
e of
eac
h si
te.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
4 D
ust C
ontr
ol
4.
1 A
pply
(spr
ay) w
ater
to th
e co
nstru
ctio
n su
rfac
e an
d ot
her p
iled
mat
eria
ls su
ch a
s san
d as
muc
h as
nee
ded.
Se
gmen
ts (
C-1
), (C
-3) &
(B-2
) Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
5 N
oise
Con
trol
5.1
Red
uce
wor
king
nig
ht sh
ifts a
s muc
h as
pos
sibl
e in
pop
ulat
ed a
reas
. Se
gmen
ts (
C-1
), (C
-3) &
(B-2
) 5.
2 A
pply
the
Jord
ania
n R
egul
atio
n fo
r am
bien
t noi
se le
vels
dur
ing
this
pha
se a
s a
maj
or to
ol in
des
igni
ng th
e co
nstru
ctio
n ac
tiviti
es
sche
dule
. A
ll se
gmen
ts
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
6 C
orre
ct S
elec
tion
of th
e Pr
ojec
t Off
ices
, Sup
port
Fac
ilitie
s, C
amps
and
Tem
pora
ry W
aste
Dis
posa
l Site
s
For a
cor
rect
sele
ctio
n of
the
proj
ect o
ffic
es, c
amp,
and
tem
pora
ry w
aste
dis
posa
l site
's), t
he fo
llow
ing
crite
ria sh
ould
be
appl
ied:
- Loc
ated
out
side
pop
ulat
ed r
esid
entia
l are
as a
nd fa
r fr
om s
choo
ls o
r an
y so
cial
est
ablis
hmen
t esp
ecia
lly fo
r Se
gmen
ts C
and
B o
f th
e pr
ojec
t. Se
gmen
ts (
C-1
), (C
-3) &
(B-2
) -
Loca
ted
away
with
a s
uita
ble
dist
ance
from
eco
logi
cally
sen
sitiv
e ha
bita
ts, w
adis
, run
off a
nd w
adi
side
ban
ks, a
nd s
and
dune
ha
bita
ts.
- Loc
ated
aw
ay fr
om v
eget
ated
are
as.
Segm
ents
A &
B
- Loc
ated
aw
ay w
ith a
suita
ble
dist
ance
from
arc
heol
ogic
al su
ites.
- Loc
ated
aw
ay w
ith a
suita
ble
dist
ance
from
the
farm
s. - E
asy
acce
ss to
the
cons
truc
tion
site
s; to
the
exis
ting
prim
ary
road
s and
to th
e ex
istin
g in
fras
truc
ture
6.1
- Loc
ated
out
side
any
kno
wn
aqui
fer r
echa
rge
zone
s (if
poss
ible
).
All
segm
ents
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt, R
epre
sent
ativ
es fr
om M
WI
6.2
Ensu
re th
at a
ll bu
ildin
gs a
nd s
uppo
rt fa
cilit
ies
esta
blis
hed
with
in th
e pr
ojec
t has
no
or v
ery
min
imal
per
man
ent v
isua
l im
pact
, thi
s ca
n be
ach
ieve
d by
app
lyin
g de
sign
s tha
t are
con
sist
ent w
ith th
e vi
sual
feat
ures
of t
he c
onst
ruct
ion
area
. The
con
stru
ctio
n de
sign
s of
the
aeria
l hig
h-vo
ltage
ele
ctric
ity su
pply
pro
pose
d to
pas
s thr
ough
Seg
men
t A sh
ould
be
verif
ied
and
appr
oved
by
rela
ted
auth
ority
..
Segm
ents
A &
B
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
Construction Phase
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
6.3
Res
tore
the
sele
cted
site
to it
s orig
inal
con
ditio
n
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt, R
epre
sent
ativ
es fr
om M
WI
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-72
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
8: E
SMP
Site
-Spe
cific
Pro
cedu
res a
nd R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s (co
ntd.
) R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s Ph
ase
No.
M
itiga
tion
and
ESM
Pro
cedu
res
Zon
es
Impl
emen
tatio
n R
espo
nsib
ility
L
icen
sing
and
Com
plia
nce
Mon
itori
ng
Res
pons
ibili
ty
7 C
orre
ct S
elec
tion
for
the
Acc
ess R
oads
7.1
Det
erm
ine
base
d on
det
aile
d su
rvey
s al
tern
ativ
e te
mpo
rary
acc
ess
road
s to
the
road
s an
ticip
ated
to b
e pa
rtial
ly o
r tot
ally
clo
sed.
The
m
axim
um u
sage
of
the
pres
ent a
cces
s ro
ads
with
in th
e pr
ojec
t are
as, n
oise
leve
ls, p
rivat
e pr
oper
ties
prot
ectio
n, a
nd p
ublic
saf
ety
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
. Rel
evan
t gov
ernm
enta
l aut
horit
ies
shou
ld a
ppro
ve e
ngin
eerin
g sp
ecifi
catio
ns fo
r the
se ro
ads
and
the
type
s of
ve
hicl
es to
use
thes
e ac
cess
road
s.
Segm
ents
C &
B
Con
sulta
nt in
coo
rdin
atio
n w
ith th
e Tr
affic
D
epar
tmen
t and
the
MPW
H.
7.2
The
prop
osed
serv
ice
road
s with
in re
mot
e ar
eas
loca
ted
with
in th
e pr
ojec
t cor
ridor
in S
egm
ent A
sho
uld
avoi
d to
the
exte
nt p
ossi
ble
the
biol
ogic
al se
nsiti
ve h
abita
t and
pla
nt c
omm
uniti
es, e
spec
ially
the
runo
ffs a
nd sa
nd d
unes
veg
etat
ion.
It is
hig
hly
reco
mm
ende
d to
fo
llow
the
exis
ting
road
trac
ks u
sed
by th
e lo
cals
with
in th
ese
area
s whe
neve
r app
licab
le.
Segm
ent A
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Con
sulta
nt in
coo
rdin
atio
n.
Pr
otec
tion
of B
iolo
gica
l Div
ersi
ty
8
Avo
idan
ce a
ctio
ns: P
reca
utio
nary
app
roac
h is
oft
en th
e m
ost c
ost e
ffec
tive
one.
Thi
s inc
lude
s:
8.
1 St
rictly
pro
hibi
t the
rem
oval
of t
he A
caci
a tre
es c
omm
unity
. Se
gmen
t A
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
, & th
e M
inis
try o
f A
gric
ultu
re-d
epar
tmen
t of F
ores
try
8.2
Stric
tly p
rohi
bit g
reen
cov
er re
mov
al -u
nnec
essa
ry re
mov
al w
ithin
the
cons
truct
ion
corr
idor
or a
ny re
mov
al o
ut si
de th
e co
rrid
or- b
y th
e C
ontra
ctor
and
con
sulta
nt e
mpl
oyee
s eith
er b
y co
llect
ion
or b
urni
ng o
r any
mea
n of
rem
oval
8.
3 M
inim
ize
nigh
t act
iviti
es.
8.4
Avo
id u
nnec
essa
ry m
ovem
ent o
f pro
ject
staf
f mai
nly
at n
ight
. 8.
5 A
void
wild
life
pers
ecut
ion,
hun
ting,
ani
mal
and
pla
nt c
olle
ctio
n.
8.6
Avo
id p
lant
ing
or se
edlin
g of
cro
ps a
nd e
xotic
spec
ies.
8.7
Avo
id in
trodu
ctio
n of
pet
s.
Segm
ents
A &
B
8.8
Avo
id sa
nd d
unes
are
as (e
spec
ially
at D
isi a
nd B
atn
El-G
houl
are
as) a
s muc
h as
pos
sibl
e.
Segm
ents
A
9 R
esto
ratio
n ac
tions
9.1
Upo
n in
cide
nts e
nsur
e th
e re
stor
atio
n of
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
and
bio
logi
cal c
omm
uniti
es’ c
hara
cter
istic
s and
feat
ures
. Se
gmen
t A
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
Pr
otec
tion
of A
gric
ultu
ral R
esou
rces
10
Prec
autio
nary
Mea
sure
s
10.1
En
sure
safe
pas
sage
way
s for
the
herd
ers.
10.2
En
sure
ava
ilabi
lity
of s
afe
pass
agew
ays
to e
limin
ate
any
inco
nven
ienc
e ar
isin
g fr
om r
estri
ctio
ns o
n m
obili
ty f
or f
arm
s al
ong
the
rout
e.
Segm
ents
A &
B
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
11
Res
tora
tion
actio
ns
11
.1
Re-
plan
t or c
ompe
nsat
e fo
r rem
oved
tree
s (m
ainl
y ol
ive)
with
in fa
rms a
long
the
rout
e fr
om Q
atra
neh
to A
mm
an.
11.2
R
e-pl
ant o
r com
pens
ate
for f
ores
try st
ands
Se
gmen
ts A
& B
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
and
the
Min
istry
of
Agr
icul
ture
Miti
gatin
g So
cial
Impa
cts
12
D
isi A
rea
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n
12.1
A
dopt
and
impl
emen
t the
Dis
i Are
a D
evel
opm
ent P
lan
prov
ided
in A
nnex
C23
. Se
gmen
ts A
& B
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
MW
I 13
R
eset
tlem
ent F
ram
ewor
k
13.1
A
dopt
and
impl
emen
t the
pro
pose
d R
eset
tlem
ent F
ram
ewor
k pr
ovid
ed in
Ann
ex C
24.
A
llSe
gmen
ts
M
WI
13.2
Em
ploy
Bed
ouin
wor
kers
in
Dis
i irr
igat
ed l
arge
-sca
le f
arm
s in
the
pro
ject
as
guar
ds o
r m
anua
l w
orke
rs d
urin
g th
e co
nstru
ctio
n pe
riod
or e
ven
durin
g op
erat
ion
and
mai
nten
ance
pha
se.
13.3
En
sure
the
supp
ly o
f wat
er to
the
smal
l num
ber o
f liv
esto
ck to
con
tinue
afte
r the
exp
iratio
n of
the
farm
s con
tract
s.
Segm
ent A
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
14
B
usin
ess D
isru
ptio
n
14.1
Ta
ke a
ll pr
ecau
tions
to p
reve
nt d
amag
e to
priv
ate
prop
ertie
s dur
ing
cons
truct
ion
or in
flict
ion
of h
arm
to p
erso
ns in
clud
ing
disr
uptio
n of
wor
k or
bus
ines
s to
indi
vidu
als a
long
the
pipe
line
corr
idor
.
Construction Phase
14.2
En
sure
safe
acc
ess t
o th
e bu
sine
sses
loca
ted
alon
g th
e pr
ojec
t alig
nmen
t
Segm
ents
B &
C
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-73
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
8: E
SMP
Site
-Spe
cific
Pro
cedu
res a
nd R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s (co
ntd.
) R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s Ph
ase
No.
M
itiga
tion
and
ESM
Pro
cedu
res
Zon
es
Impl
emen
tatio
n R
espo
nsib
ility
L
icen
sing
and
Com
plia
nce
Mon
itori
ng
Res
pons
ibili
ty
15
Red
uce
the
Exp
ecte
d T
raff
ic D
isru
ptio
n
15.1
A
void
the
clos
ure
of th
e m
ain
road
s whe
neve
r pos
sibl
e.
15.2
C
arry
out
all
cons
truct
ion
activ
ities
that
mig
ht re
quire
clo
sure
of s
ome
road
s qui
ckly
and
at o
ne ti
me
to m
inim
ize
the
disr
uptio
n
15.3
A
lloca
te a
nd e
nsur
e sa
fe tr
affic
det
ours
to s
erve
the
impa
cted
tra
ffic
mov
emen
t in
clud
ing
loop
s, br
idge
s or
oth
ers.
Such
det
ours
sh
ould
be
of su
ffic
ient
cap
acity
to c
ope
with
the
disr
upte
d tra
ffic
. 15
.4
Lim
it th
e m
ovem
ent o
f the
con
stru
ctio
n m
achi
nery
to th
e di
rect
pro
ject
are
a
All
segm
ents
15.6
Pr
ohib
it th
e m
ovem
ent o
f thi
s mac
hine
ry o
utsi
de th
e pr
ojec
t are
a du
ring
peak
traf
fic h
ours
Se
gmen
ts C
& B
15
.7
Lim
it th
e m
ovem
ent t
ime
for h
eavy
truc
ks tr
ansp
ortin
g eq
uipm
ents
and
mat
eria
ls to
the
proj
ect a
reas
to n
on-p
eak
traff
ic h
ours
, and
do
not
allo
w th
em to
use
inte
rnal
road
s bet
wee
n re
side
ntia
l are
as c
lose
to th
e pr
ojec
t site
. 15
.8
Use
cov
erin
g fo
r all
vehi
cles
tran
spor
ting
raw
mat
eria
ls fr
om/to
the
proj
ect s
ite.
15.9
A
pply
stro
ng re
stric
tion
for t
he a
llow
able
spee
d lim
its fo
r all
the
proj
ect v
ehic
les.
15.1
0 In
stal
l all
nece
ssar
y si
gns a
nd m
easu
res t
o fa
cilit
ate
safe
ty a
nd st
rict t
raff
ic c
ontro
l. 15
.11
Arr
angi
ng a
ll th
e ab
ove
liste
d is
sues
shou
ld b
e th
roug
h co
ordi
natio
n w
ith th
e Tr
affic
Dep
artm
ent f
or a
pro
per t
raff
ic m
anag
emen
t. 15
.12
A q
uick
and
com
preh
ensi
ve r
ehab
ilita
tion
prog
ram
sho
uld
be c
ondu
cted
for
the
Sou
ther
n A
mm
an (
Segm
ents
C-2
and
C-3
) ci
ty
road
s sys
tem
dur
ing
the
prep
arat
ion
stag
e fo
r thi
s pro
ject
to a
ccom
mod
ate
the
traff
ic d
ensi
ty.
All
segm
ents
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt a
nd th
e Tr
affic
Dep
artm
ent
16
Form
ulat
e Pu
blic
Saf
ety
Prog
ram
for
the
Loc
als a
nd th
e W
orke
rs in
the
Proj
ect
A
bide
by
all i
tem
s rel
ated
to sa
fety
as o
utlin
ed in
the
tend
er d
ocum
ents
and
follo
w a
ll th
e pr
oced
ures
that
cou
ld p
reve
nt a
ny p
ossi
ble
dang
ers w
heth
er th
ese
dang
ers a
re e
lect
rical
, mec
hani
cal,
chem
ical
, or r
elat
ed to
site
wor
ks, a
nd th
is c
an b
e do
ne b
y:
- Pro
vidi
ng p
reve
ntiv
e ba
rrie
rs a
roun
d m
achi
nes d
ange
rous
par
ts to
avo
id th
e w
rong
acc
ess t
o th
ese
parts
. - P
rovi
ding
war
ning
sign
s tha
t mak
e th
e w
orke
rs a
war
e of
the
dang
ers r
elat
ed to
mac
hine
s or s
ite a
rea.
-
Follo
win
g al
l th
e pr
oced
ures
tha
t co
uld
prev
ent
stat
ic o
r dy
nam
ic e
lect
rical
dan
gers
and
pro
vidi
ng a
ny i
nsul
atio
n or
ear
thin
g sy
stem
s req
uire
d fo
r wor
kers
safe
ty.
16.1
- Pro
vidi
ng sc
hedu
led
mai
nten
ance
to d
efer
ent m
achi
nes u
sed
durin
g th
e co
nstru
ctio
n or
the
oper
atio
n.
All
segm
ents
16.2
Th
e C
ontra
ctor
shou
ld m
aint
ain
insu
ranc
e po
licie
s iss
ued
by a
n in
sure
r allo
wed
by
law
to d
o bu
sine
ss in
Jord
an th
at c
over
the
follo
win
g:
• W
orkm
en's
com
pens
atio
n an
d al
l oth
er so
cial
insu
ranc
e in
acc
orda
nce
with
the
stat
utor
y re
quir
emen
ts o
f the
cou
ntry
or
stat
e ha
ving
juri
sdic
tion
over
the
Con
trac
tor's
em
ploy
ers.
• D
amag
es o
r com
pens
atio
n pa
yabl
e at
law
in c
onse
quen
ce o
f any
acc
iden
t or i
njur
y to
any
wor
kman
or o
ther
per
son
in th
e em
ploy
men
t of t
he C
ontr
acto
r or a
ny su
b-C
ontr
acto
r, sa
ve a
nd e
xcep
t an
acci
dent
or i
njur
y re
sulti
ng fr
om a
ny a
ct o
r de
faul
t of t
he e
mpl
oyer
or h
is se
rvan
ts.
• In
jury
whi
ch m
ay o
ccur
to a
ny p
erso
n by
ari
sing
out
of t
he e
xecu
tion
of p
roje
ct a
nd c
ause
d by
the
Con
trac
tor o
r his
sub-
Con
trac
tors
. •
Car
bod
ily in
jury
whi
ch sh
all i
nclu
de c
over
age
for a
ll ow
ned,
non
-ow
ned
and
hire
d ve
hicl
es u
sed
in th
e pe
rfor
man
ce o
f the
se
rvic
es.
All
segm
ents
16.3
Lo
cate
acc
ess
faci
litie
s so
as
to p
rovi
de a
saf
e pa
ssag
e fo
r the
ped
estri
ans
cros
sing
with
in th
e pr
ojec
t are
as. I
t is
reco
mm
ende
d th
at
thes
e fa
cilit
ies b
e in
the
form
of p
rote
cted
ped
estri
an b
ridge
s. Se
gmen
ts (
C-1
), (C
-3) &
(B-2
) 16
.4
Prov
ide
and
prop
erly
mai
ntai
n al
l tem
pora
ry r
oads
and
oth
er w
ork
requ
ired
incl
udin
g ac
cess
to e
xist
ing
carr
iage
, fac
torie
s, sh
ops,
build
ing
and
the
like.
Thi
s in
clud
e in
stal
ling
oper
atin
g an
d m
aint
aini
ng a
ll re
quire
d te
mpo
rary
sig
ning
, sig
nals
, bar
riers
and
oth
er
safe
ty m
easu
res t
hat c
an a
ssis
t in
cons
ervi
ng th
e pu
blic
and
the
wor
kers
safe
ty.
Construction Phase
16.5
En
sure
sui
tabl
e di
sclo
sure
of
info
rmat
ion
with
reg
ard
to p
roje
ct c
ompo
nent
s re
leva
nt to
the
publ
ic a
nd w
orke
rs s
afet
y, in
clud
ing
acce
ss ro
ads.
All
segm
ents
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-74
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
8: E
SMP
Site
-Spe
cific
Pro
cedu
res a
nd R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s (co
ntd.
) R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s Ph
ase
No.
M
itiga
tion
and
ESM
Pro
cedu
res
Zon
es
Impl
emen
tatio
n R
espo
nsib
ility
L
icen
sing
and
Com
plia
nce
Mon
itori
ng
Res
pons
ibili
ty
C
onse
rvat
ion
of A
rcha
eolo
gica
l and
Cul
tura
l Res
ourc
es
17
A
void
ance
act
ions
17.1
Im
plem
ent
the
Cul
tura
l R
esou
rces
Man
agem
ent
(CR
M)
prog
ram
in
coor
dina
tion
with
CR
M m
onito
ring
grou
ps i
nclu
ding
the
D
epar
tmen
t of A
ntiq
uitie
s / M
inis
try o
f Tou
rism
. 17
.2
App
ly p
enal
ties f
or n
on-c
ompl
ianc
e. T
hese
pen
altie
s sho
uld
be id
entif
ied
and
info
rmed
to th
e C
ontra
ctor
and
his
em
ploy
ees.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt &
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f A
ntiq
uitie
s
17.3
Sh
ift th
e co
nstru
ctio
n ac
tiviti
es fo
r a d
ista
nce
that
is e
noug
h as
to p
rote
ct id
entif
ied
arch
eolo
gica
l site
s. Se
gmen
ts B
& C
17
.4
Follo
w “
Cha
nce-
find”
Pro
cedu
res.
17.5
C
ondu
ct e
xclu
sion
are
as.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
17.6
A
dopt
spe
cial
pro
cedu
res
in t
he v
icin
ity o
f si
tes
defin
ed a
s re
quiri
ng p
rote
ctio
n. T
hese
inc
lude
pro
tect
ing
the
site
by
fenc
ing,
co
nduc
ting
site
resc
ue e
xcav
atio
n, c
ondu
ctin
g si
te re
stor
atio
n, a
nd im
plem
entin
g si
gnag
e sy
stem
to th
e si
te.
Segm
ents
B &
C
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
& th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Ant
iqui
ties
17.7
O
nce
the
final
alig
nmen
t has
bee
n fix
ed a
nd th
e ex
tent
of a
ny e
arth
wor
ks a
nd b
orro
w p
its is
kno
wn,
site
s th
at re
mai
n cl
assi
fied
as
not t
hrea
tene
d sh
ould
be
revi
site
d an
d fu
lly d
ocum
ente
d fo
r rec
ord
purp
oses
. 17
.8
A s
et o
f fin
al e
ngin
eerin
g dr
awin
gs,
on w
hich
arc
haeo
logi
cal
site
s w
ithin
or
imm
edia
tely
adj
acen
t to
the
con
stru
ctio
n ar
ea a
re
defin
ed, s
houl
d be
add
ress
ed b
y th
e C
ontra
ctor
to th
e C
onsu
ltant
and
to th
e D
epar
tmen
t of A
ntiq
uitie
s (D
OA
) prio
r to
star
ting
wor
k..
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
17.9
In
gen
eral
, for
pro
ject
s ent
erin
g th
e co
nstru
ctio
n st
age,
the
follo
win
g fo
ur p
oint
s cou
ld b
e ad
ded
to c
ontra
ct d
ocum
ents
whi
ch w
ould
be
ben
efic
ial f
or th
e pr
otec
tion
of a
rcha
eolo
gica
l site
s:
17.9
.1
Bor
row
Are
as:
Th
e lo
catio
ns o
f bo
rrow
are
as a
nd q
uarr
y si
tes
sele
cted
by
the
Con
tract
or s
houl
d be
app
rove
d by
the
Dep
artm
ent
of A
ntiq
uitie
s (D
OA
) to
pre
vent
ant
iqui
ties
bein
g da
mag
ed b
y qu
arry
ing
or b
orro
w e
xcav
atio
n. S
uch
insp
ectio
n sh
ould
not
be
unre
ason
ably
de
laye
d.
17.9
.2
Obs
erva
tion
of C
onst
ruct
ion
Exc
avat
ion:
In a
reas
whe
re t
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Ant
iqui
ties
know
s or
sus
pect
s th
e ex
iste
nce
of r
emai
ns u
nder
the
sur
face
, but
whe
re t
here
is
insu
ffic
ient
tim
e fo
r ar
chae
olog
ical
exc
avat
ion
(or
the
impo
rtanc
e of
the
site
dos
e no
t w
arra
nt f
ull
scal
e in
vest
igat
ion
prio
r to
co
nstru
ctio
n), a
repr
esen
tativ
e of
DO
A s
houl
d be
pre
sent
dur
ing
the
open
ing
of a
ny e
xcav
atio
n or
bor
row
pit
to id
entif
y an
d re
cord
an
y ar
chae
olog
ical
rem
ains
foun
d.
17.9
.3
Add
ition
al S
alva
ge E
xcav
atio
n:
In
are
as w
here
DO
A h
as d
eter
min
ed th
at fu
rther
sal
vage
exc
avat
ion
will
be
nece
ssar
y, b
ased
on
the
info
rmat
ion
deve
lope
d du
ring
the
Fina
l Des
ign
phas
e, s
alva
ge e
xcav
atio
n w
ill b
e ca
rrie
d ou
t at t
he b
egin
ning
of
the
cons
truct
ion
phas
e. C
onst
ruct
ion
activ
ities
sh
ould
be
sche
dule
d so
as
to le
ave
any
such
are
a un
til la
te in
the
cons
truct
ion
proc
ess,
and
thus
the
arch
aeol
ogic
al e
xcav
atio
n w
ould
no
t del
ay c
onst
ruct
ion
activ
ities
. 17
.9.4
A
rcha
eolo
gica
l Cha
nce
Find
: If
any
arc
haeo
logi
cal s
ite o
r rem
ains
foun
d du
ring
cons
truct
ion
the
Con
tract
or sh
ould
dire
ctly
con
tact
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Ant
iqui
ties.
If a
ny s
ite fo
und
durin
g co
nstru
ctio
n an
d w
ill b
e da
mag
ed b
y co
nstru
ctio
n ac
tiviti
es, t
he D
epar
tmen
t of A
ntiq
uitie
s w
ill a
sses
s th
e di
scov
ered
rem
ains
and
will
car
ry o
ut a
n em
erge
ncy
salv
age
exca
vatio
n. S
alva
ge e
xcav
atio
n m
eans
arc
haeo
logi
cal
exca
vatio
n co
nduc
ted
durin
g co
nstru
ctio
n ph
ase,
it s
houl
d be
con
duct
ed o
nly
whe
n an
arc
haeo
logi
cal s
ite is
fou
nd b
y ac
cide
nt (
chan
ce f
ind)
du
ring
cons
truct
ion.
Giv
en th
e sh
ort t
ime
avai
labl
e fo
r a sa
lvag
e ex
cava
tion,
this
type
of w
ork
shou
ld b
e av
oide
d.
The
avai
labl
e sh
ort t
ime
for
salv
age
exca
vatio
ns c
anno
t be
cons
ider
ed a
n au
thor
izat
ion
to d
estro
y th
e di
scov
ered
rem
ains
or
site
. Si
nce
each
site
mus
t be
give
n pr
oper
con
side
ratio
n an
d an
alys
is b
efor
e its
des
truct
ion
can
be a
utho
rized
. Th
e co
st o
f the
furth
er sa
lvag
e ex
cava
tion
shou
ld b
e in
clud
ed a
s par
t of r
ates
pro
vide
d in
the
Bill
of Q
uant
ities
.
Construction Phase
The
Con
tract
or s
houl
d se
ek th
e w
ritte
n ap
prov
al o
f the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Ant
iqui
ties
befo
re th
e re
mov
al o
f any
cha
nce
find
build
ing,
fo
unda
tion,
stru
ctur
e, fe
nce
and
othe
r obs
truct
ion
over
50
year
s old
, any
por
tion
of w
hich
is in
the
R.O
.W. a
ll de
sign
ated
salv
agea
ble
mat
eria
l sh
all b
e re
mov
ed, w
ithou
t cau
sing
unn
eces
sary
dam
age,
and
in s
ectio
ns o
r pi
eces
whi
ch m
ay b
e re
adily
tran
spor
ted,
and
sh
all b
e st
arte
d by
the
Con
tract
or a
t app
rove
d lo
catio
ns, f
or la
ter u
se o
r pos
sess
ion
of th
e D
epar
tmen
t of A
ntiq
uitie
s
All
segm
ents
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
& th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Ant
iqui
ties
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-75
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
8: E
SMP
Site
-Spe
cific
Pro
cedu
res a
nd R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s (co
ntd.
) R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s Ph
ase
No.
M
itiga
tion
and
ESM
Pro
cedu
res
Zon
es
Impl
emen
tatio
n R
espo
nsib
ility
L
icen
sing
and
Com
plia
nce
Mon
itori
ng
Res
pons
ibili
ty
M
onito
ring
Phy
sica
l Env
iron
men
t
18
Con
duct
Site
Insp
ectio
n
18.1
C
ondu
ct s
ite in
spec
tion
on d
aily
bas
is to
mon
itor a
ll co
nstru
ctio
n ac
tiviti
es a
ccor
ding
to th
e pr
epar
ed c
onst
ruct
ion
sche
dule
from
an
envi
ronm
enta
l poi
nt o
f vie
w.
18.2
Pr
ovid
e fr
ee p
assa
ge a
nd a
cces
s to
all p
arts
of t
he p
roje
ct a
nd a
t all
times
to a
utho
rized
repr
esen
tativ
es fr
om th
e M
OE,
MW
I and
the
resp
onsi
ble
mun
icip
aliti
es.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
19
Mon
itor
Air
Qua
lity
and
Noi
se L
evel
19.1
A
n ai
r qua
lity-
mon
itorin
g pr
ogra
m s
houl
d be
app
lied
to m
onito
r the
dus
t lev
els
and
air e
mis
sion
s fr
om v
ehic
les
at le
ast f
our t
imes
pe
r yea
r at s
elec
ted
site
s alo
ng th
e pr
ojec
t lay
out.
The
maj
or p
aram
eter
to b
e m
easu
red
is T
otal
Sus
pend
ed P
artic
les (
TSP)
. C
ondu
ct n
oise
leve
l mon
itorin
g pr
ogra
m o
nce
a m
onth
dur
ing
the
cons
truct
ion
phas
e, a
nd e
ach
time
shou
ld e
xten
d fo
r 24
hour
s. Th
e m
ajor
par
amet
ers t
o be
mea
sure
d in
clud
e bu
t are
not
lim
ited
to:
- Noi
se (E
quiv
alen
t Sou
nd P
ress
ure
Leve
l, LA
eq)
19.2
- Vib
ratio
n
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
20
Mon
itor
Solid
Was
te M
anag
emen
t
The
mon
itorin
g of
solid
was
te m
anag
emen
t ope
ratio
ns sh
ould
cov
er th
e fo
llow
ing:
- S
olid
was
te g
ener
atio
n, in
clud
ing
qual
ity a
nd q
uant
ity.
- Col
lect
ion
and
tran
spor
tatio
n ef
ficie
ncy.
- S
uita
bilit
y of
fina
l dis
posa
l site
s.
20.1
- Sol
id w
aste
acc
umul
atio
n w
ithin
the
proj
ect c
orri
dor i
n te
rms o
f vol
umes
and
freq
uenc
y of
rem
oval
.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
PMU
M
onito
ring
of B
iolo
gica
l Env
iron
men
t
21
For t
he b
iolo
gica
l env
ironm
ent,
the
freq
uenc
y of
mon
itorin
g is
mos
tly p
erio
dica
l (ev
ery
thre
e m
onth
s) c
ombi
ned
with
follo
w u
p on
da
ily b
asis
and
ann
ual a
uditi
ng. T
he fo
llow
ing
indi
cato
rs sh
ould
be
mon
itore
d:
- Mai
ntai
ned
pre-
proj
ect l
and
utili
zatio
n an
d ac
cess
. - M
aint
aine
d Ru
noffs
Hab
itat.
- Nat
ural
veg
etat
ion
cove
r is m
aint
aine
d.
- Hun
ting
is b
anne
d.
- Acc
iden
tal k
ills a
re m
inim
um.
- Bre
edin
g se
ason
s are
und
istu
rbed
.
- Mig
ratio
n se
ason
s are
avo
ided
.
Segm
ents
A &
B
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
PM
U
22
Mon
itor
the
natu
ral
cond
ition
s of
sur
face
wat
er f
low
bet
wee
n pr
e an
d po
st p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ities
inc
ludi
ng r
unof
fs h
abita
t an
d ge
omor
phol
ogy,
the
freq
uenc
y of
mon
itorin
g is
mos
tly p
erio
dica
l (ev
ery
thre
e m
onth
s)
23
Mon
itor p
lant
com
mun
ities
’ cha
nges
, the
freq
uenc
y of
mon
itorin
g is
mos
tly p
erio
dica
l (ev
ery
thre
e m
onth
s)
24
Mon
itor h
abita
t det
erio
ratio
n (s
ome
spec
ies c
an b
e us
ed a
s ind
icat
ors f
or h
abita
t det
erio
ratio
n su
ch a
s Citr
illus
and
Peg
anum
sp.).
25
M
onito
r acc
iden
tal k
illin
g of
ani
mal
s (ca
r acc
iden
ts, f
allin
g in
dril
led
ditc
hes,
pers
ecut
ions
, etc
.).
26
Mon
itor w
inte
ring
bird
spec
ies.
27
Mon
itor k
ey h
erpe
tofa
unal
and
faun
al sp
ecie
s. 28
M
onito
r oil
spill
s and
solid
was
te a
ccum
ulat
ion
Segm
ents
A &
B
29
Mon
itor a
cces
sibi
lity
to A
bu-T
arfa
are
a an
d to
Dis
i are
a th
roug
h B
atn
El-G
houl
. Se
gmen
t A
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
PM
U
M
onito
ring
of A
gric
ultu
ral R
esou
rces
30
The
follo
win
g in
dica
tors
shou
ld b
e m
onito
red
for c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith th
e su
gges
ted
miti
gatio
n m
easu
res:
- S
afe
pass
agew
ays d
edic
ated
for t
he u
se o
f her
ders
esp
ecia
lly in
Seg
men
ts A
and
B.
- Rem
oval
of t
rees
with
in fa
rms a
long
the
rout
e fr
om Q
atra
neh
to A
mm
an a
nd th
eir r
e-pl
anta
tion
or c
ompe
nsat
ion.
Construction Phase
- Ava
ilabi
lity
of sa
fe p
assa
gew
ays c
an e
limin
ate
any
inco
nven
ienc
e ar
isin
g fr
om re
stric
tions
on
mob
ility
for f
arm
s alo
ng th
e ro
ute.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
PMU
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-76
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
8: E
SMP
Site
-Spe
cific
Pro
cedu
res a
nd R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s (co
ntd.
) R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s Ph
ase
No.
M
itiga
tion
and
ESM
Pro
cedu
res
Zon
es
Impl
emen
tatio
n R
espo
nsib
ility
L
icen
sing
and
Com
plia
nce
Mon
itori
ng
Res
pons
ibili
ty
M
onito
ring
Soc
ial A
spec
ts
31
Th
e fo
llow
ing
indi
cato
rs sh
ould
be
mon
itore
d fo
r com
plia
nce
with
the
sugg
este
d m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s:
- Em
ploy
men
t: th
is in
clud
es th
e pe
rcen
tage
of l
ocal
s and
fore
igne
rs to
the
tota
l em
ploy
men
t. -
Bus
ines
s D
isru
ptio
n: s
houl
d in
clud
e, b
ut n
ot b
e lim
ited
to, d
amag
e to
priv
ate
prop
ertie
s du
ring
cons
truct
ion,
har
m t
o pe
rson
s in
clud
ing
disr
uptio
n of
wor
k or
bus
ines
s alo
ng th
e pi
pelin
e co
rrid
or.
- Pub
lic sa
fety
mea
sure
s and
pub
lic sa
fety
pro
gram
impl
emen
tatio
n an
d ef
ficie
ncy.
- L
ocal
s com
plai
ns a
bout
pro
ject
rela
ted
dist
urba
nces
, noi
se a
nd h
ealth
asp
ects
. -
Traf
fic d
isru
ptio
n in
cide
nce
incl
udin
g lo
catio
n of
occ
urre
nce,
dur
atio
n, a
ctio
ns m
ade
to m
itiga
te th
e im
pact
and
if a
ny a
ccid
ents
re
sulte
d fr
om su
ch d
isru
ptio
n.
- Dis
rupt
ion
of in
fras
truct
ure
utili
ties i
nclu
ding
tele
phon
e co
nnec
tions
, ele
ctric
ity, w
ater
, sew
er a
nd o
ther
util
ities
. - I
mpl
emen
tatio
n of
the
Traf
fic D
isru
ptio
ns C
ontro
l Pro
gram
. Suc
h co
mpo
nent
sho
uld
be u
nder
the
dire
ct s
uper
visi
on o
f the
Tra
ffic
D
epar
tmen
t in
each
of t
he d
iffer
ent p
roje
ct a
reas
.
- M
onito
r th
e m
aint
enan
ce o
f pe
dest
rians
cro
ssin
g fa
cilit
ies
to b
e co
nstru
cted
alo
ng t
he p
roje
ct l
ayou
t in
coo
rdin
atio
n w
ith t
he
auth
oriz
ed d
epar
tmen
ts i
n th
e M
PWH
in
asso
ciat
ion
with
the
Gre
ater
Am
man
Mun
icip
ality
in
addi
tion
to t
he d
iffer
ent
mun
icip
aliti
es a
long
the
proj
ect c
orrid
or.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
PMU
M
onito
ring
Arc
haeo
logi
cal a
nd C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge S
ites
32
Th
e fo
llow
ing
com
pone
nts s
houl
d be
mon
itore
d on
regu
lar b
asis
: - D
isru
ptio
n to
the
arch
aeol
ogic
al fe
atur
es.
- The
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
Cul
tura
l Res
ourc
es M
anag
emen
t (C
RM
) act
iviti
es
- C
ompl
ianc
e / n
on-c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith th
e “C
hanc
e-fin
d” p
roce
dure
s, ex
clus
ion
area
s, an
d sh
iftin
g th
e co
nstru
ctio
n ac
tiviti
es f
or a
di
stan
ce a
s eno
ugh
as to
pro
tect
the
site
. - S
peci
al p
roce
dure
s in
the
vici
nity
of s
ites d
efin
ed a
s req
uirin
g pr
otec
tion.
The
se in
clud
e:
* S
ite b
y fe
ncin
g *
Site
resc
ue e
xcav
atio
n *
Site
rest
orat
ion
Construction Phase
* S
igna
ge sy
stem
to th
e si
te
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
Dep
artm
ent o
f Ant
iqui
ties
Pr
otec
ting
Bio
logi
cal E
nvir
onm
ent
33
Prev
entiv
e M
easu
res
33.1
Pr
ohib
it re
mov
al o
f gr
een
cove
r, co
ntro
l acc
iden
tal a
nd d
elib
erat
e pe
rsec
utio
n of
wild
life
caus
ed a
nd d
istu
rban
ce to
bre
edin
g an
d m
igra
tory
bird
spe
cies
by
the
incr
ease
d ac
cess
ibili
ty to
the
sens
itive
hab
itat w
ithin
seg
men
t A. t
his
can
be a
chie
ved
thro
ugh
prop
er
awar
enes
s act
iviti
es, s
ite si
gnag
e an
d re
gula
r pat
rolli
ng.
Min
istry
of E
nviro
nmen
t, th
e M
inis
try o
f A
gric
ultu
re a
nd th
e R
oyal
Soc
iety
for t
he
cons
erva
tion
of N
atur
e 33
.2
Avo
id t
he r
emov
al o
f th
e A
caci
a tre
es c
omm
unity
and
tra
nslo
catio
n of
tho
se u
navo
idab
le o
nes
in c
oord
inat
ion
with
rel
ated
au
thor
ities
incl
udin
g th
e M
inis
try o
f Agr
icul
ture
and
the
Roy
al S
ocie
ty fo
r the
Con
serv
atio
n of
Nat
ure.
33
.3
Avo
id a
s muc
h as
pos
sibl
e re
mov
al o
f gre
en c
over
. 33
.4
Min
imiz
e ni
ght a
ctiv
ities
. 33
.5
Avo
id w
ildlif
e pe
rsec
utio
n, h
untin
g, a
nim
al a
nd p
lant
col
lect
ion.
33
.6
Avo
id u
nnec
essa
ry m
ovem
ent o
f pro
ject
staf
f mai
nly
at n
ight
. 33
.7
Avo
id p
lant
ing
or se
edlin
g of
cro
ps a
nd e
xotic
spec
ies.
33.8
A
void
intro
duct
ion
of p
ets.
Operation Phase
33.9
A
void
sand
dun
es a
reas
(esp
ecia
lly a
t Dis
i and
Bat
n El
-Gho
ul a
reas
) as m
uch
as p
ossi
ble.
Segm
ent A
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-77
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Tab
le 1
8: E
SMP
Site
-Spe
cific
Pro
cedu
res a
nd R
espo
nsib
ilitie
sZ
ones
(c
ontd
.) Ph
ase
No.
M
itiga
tion
and
ESM
Pro
cedu
res
Res
pons
ibili
ties
M
itiga
ting
and
Mon
itori
ng S
ocia
l Im
pact
s
34
M
onito
ring
Wad
i Cro
ssin
gs
34.1
D
evel
opm
ent o
f mon
itorin
g cr
iteria
for p
ost-c
onst
ruct
ion
perf
orm
ance
of w
adi c
ross
ing
is e
ssen
tial f
or a
succ
essf
ul p
lan
to m
inim
ize
the
impa
ct o
f wad
i cro
ssin
g du
ring
cons
truct
ion
phas
e.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
35
App
lyin
g an
d M
onito
ring
App
ropr
iate
Pub
lic S
afet
y Pr
ogra
m
35.1
A
ll th
e bo
oste
r and
pum
ping
sta
tions
alo
ng th
e pr
ojec
t rou
te s
houl
d be
fenc
ed a
nd h
ave
daily
gua
rdin
g sy
stem
. In
addi
tion
to th
at,
the
loca
l com
mun
ities
sho
uld
unde
rsta
nd th
roug
h th
e pu
blic
med
ia a
nd th
e lo
cal s
choo
ls w
ithin
the
proj
ect c
orrid
or, t
he im
porta
nce
of c
onse
rvin
g al
l of t
he p
roje
ct fa
cilit
ies.
Mor
e ov
er a
ll th
e w
orke
rs in
thes
e st
atio
ns s
houl
d w
eir s
afet
y eq
uipm
ents
suc
h as
saf
ety
helm
ets a
nd sh
oes d
urin
g th
eir w
ork
shift
s and
shou
ld g
et a
spec
ializ
ed
publ
ic sa
fety
cou
rse
rela
ted
to su
ch fa
cilit
ies.
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
35.2
Th
e ex
pect
ed fl
uid
and
solid
was
tes
resu
lted
from
the
proj
ect f
acili
ties
shou
ld b
e di
spos
ed p
roba
bly
as th
e fo
llow
ing:
(i)T
he h
uman
flu
id w
aste
s sho
uld
be d
ispo
sed
to th
e w
aste
wat
er c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
(Whe
re a
vaila
ble)
or t
o ap
prop
riate
sept
ic ta
nks a
nd p
umpe
d ou
t on
mon
thly
bas
is.
(ii)T
he f
luid
was
tes
resu
lted
from
the
dai
ly w
ork
activ
ities
sho
uld
be c
olle
cted
in
spec
ial
tank
s an
d se
nt o
n m
onth
ly b
ases
to th
e ne
ares
t dum
ping
site
. The
res
ulte
d so
lid w
aste
s sh
ould
be
colle
cted
in w
eekl
y ba
ses
and
sent
to th
e ne
ares
t du
mpi
ng si
te.
35.3
Th
e Jo
rdan
ian
Reg
ulat
ion
for a
mbi
ent n
oise
leve
ls s
houl
d be
app
lied
to c
ontro
l the
exp
ecte
d no
ise
leve
ls to
gen
erat
e fr
om o
pera
ting
the
pum
ping
stat
ions
esp
ecia
lly th
ose
loca
ted
clos
e to
the
resi
dent
ial a
reas
.
Operation Phase
35.4
It
is th
e re
spon
sibi
lity
of th
e en
viro
nmen
t dep
artm
ent i
n M
WI i
n as
soci
atio
n w
ith th
e lo
cal m
unic
ipal
ities
and
the
Gre
ater
Am
man
m
unic
ipal
ity (f
or s
ites
loca
ted
with
in th
e Ju
risdi
ctio
ns o
f Am
man
mun
icip
ality
) to
supe
rvis
e an
d m
onito
r the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
abov
e lis
ted
mea
sure
s.
All
segm
ents
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
and
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
Remediation Phase
T
he m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s pr
opos
ed t
o co
pe w
ith t
he a
ntic
ipat
ed c
onst
ruct
ion-
rem
edia
tion
phas
e ar
e de
alt
with
as
cons
truc
tion
impa
cts,
whi
le t
he o
vera
ll pr
ojec
t re
med
iatio
n im
pact
s w
ill b
e th
e sa
me
as t
hose
de
scri
bed
for
the
cons
truc
tion
phas
e.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or a
nd
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
M
WI
E
stab
lishi
ng a
n E
nvir
onm
enta
l an
d So
cial
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t w
ith a
t le
ast
one
expe
rien
ced
ESM
P-C
oord
inat
or.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
C
ondu
ctin
g su
itabl
e an
d ef
fect
ive
staf
f tr
aini
ng a
nd a
war
enes
s ac
tiviti
es t
o en
sure
the
pro
ject
em
ploy
ees
unde
rsta
ndin
g,
appr
ecia
tion
and
adhe
renc
e to
th
e su
gges
ted
envi
ronm
enta
l an
d so
cial
m
anag
emen
t re
quir
emen
ts.
All
segm
ents
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
tract
or
The
Proj
ect C
onsu
ltant
Project-Specific overall Environmental and Social Management Requirements
E
nsur
ing
publ
ic
part
icip
atio
n in
th
e ov
eral
l E
SMP
impl
emen
tatio
n th
roug
h ef
fect
ive
disc
losu
re
of
info
rmat
ion
such
as
anno
unce
men
t of
roa
ds c
lose
r an
d ac
cess
roa
ds p
rovi
ded,
and
thr
ough
pub
lic
cons
ulta
tion
and
feed
-bac
k m
echa
nism
.
The
Proj
ect C
ontra
ctor
Th
e Pr
ojec
t Con
sulta
nt
All
segm
ents
Fina
l Rep
ort
S-78
C
onso
lidat
ed C
onsu
ltant
s
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Achieving the identified objectives require clear delineation of responsibilities. Primarily, it is the responsibility of the Contractor to implement and monitor the Environmental and Social Management Plan, where the Contractor should strictly adhere to the suggested mitigation measures and the Environmental and Social Management Plan programs, and define new aspects and mitigate impacts. Also, the Contractor should monitor the environmental and social indicators, and document for precautions and actions taken. On the other hand, the Project Consultant (to be hired by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation) will be representing the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and should ensure the project compliance/non-compliance with the legal requirements and the Environmental and Social Management Plan recommendations. Also, the Project Consultant will be responsible for monitoring the environmental and social aspects, the project conformance/non-conformance, performance auditing, and the construction completion evaluation. The Project Management Unit (PMU) will hold the responsibility of the overall Environmental and Social Management Plan supervision. The proposed Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESPM) management structure reflect the assigned responsibilities as part of the overall project management structure, where four management hierarchies has been identified within the project Operation Level as presented in Figure 9. These are:
The responsibilities identified in Figure 9 are for the firms with respect to the management hierarchies mentioned above, where the suggested individual staff positions are only indicative to their management levels.
• ESMP Implementation Level (Private Sector - Contractor); • ESMP Follow up, Monitoring, Auditing and Evaluation Level (Private Sector-Consultant); • ESMP Administration and Coordination (Government Project Management- Ministry of
Water and Irrigation); and • Project Administration Level (Project Management Unit-PMU).
Final Report S-79 Consolidated Consultants
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
ND
SO
CIA
L A
SSES
SMEN
T D
ISI-
MU
DA
WA
RR
A T
O A
MM
AN
WA
TER
CO
NV
EYA
NC
E SY
STEM
EX
ECU
TIV
E SU
MM
AR
Y
Project Supervision
Project Administration - ESMP Administration and Guiding-MWI
ESMP Implantation Level (Contractor-Private Sector)
ESMP Follow up, Monitoring, Auditing and Evaluation Level (Consultant-Private Sector)
MW
I - D
isi P
roje
ct
Proj
ect M
anag
emen
t Uni
t
MW
I - P
roje
ct M
anag
er
Envi
ronm
enta
l, So
cial
and
Q
ualit
y A
ssur
ance
Man
ager
Coo
rdin
atio
n of
ESM
P Im
plem
enta
tion
Con
sulta
nt P
roje
ct
Man
ager
ESM
P C
oord
inat
or
Con
tract
or P
roje
ct M
anag
er
ESM
P C
oord
inat
or
Qua
lity
Ass
uran
ce
Tech
nici
an
ESM
P C
oord
inat
or
Qua
lity
Ass
uran
ce
Tech
nici
an
Aud
itors
and
R
evie
wer
s Si
tes R
egul
ar
Inve
stig
ator
s
Qua
lity
Ass
uran
ce
Tech
nici
an
Site
s Reg
ular
In
vest
igat
ors
Site
s Reg
ular
In
vest
igat
ors
Mon
itorin
g Te
am
Ec
o-A
udit
team
Loca
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT DISI-MUDAWARRA TO AMMAN WATER CONVEYANCE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
As the structure demonstrates, the prime Environmental and Social Management Plan implementation falls under the responsibility of the Contractor, where an Environmental and Social Management Plan Management Unit is suggested to undertake this responsibility. This unit will be directed by the management representative- Environmental and Social Management Plan Coordinator-, who will be supported by two technical staff. This unit might also act as a Quality Control Unit. This structure also indicates the reporting system that should be applied. The proposed ESMP Coordinator should have a B.Sc. degree with at least 15 years of experience or M.Sc. with 8 years of experience and have experience in at least three projects in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment or Environmental Management. The Contractor should ensure effective implementation and operation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan. This can be achieved by ensuring that: roles, responsibilities and authorities are defined, documented and communicated; and management is committed to providing the human, technical and financial resources required for the ESMP.
Develop Environmental and Social Management (ESM) Statement prior to each construction phase. These statements should detail the ESM procedures applicable to mitigate anticipated impacts.
The Management Representative (Environmental and Social Management Plan Coordinator) is appointed, and assigned defined roles, responsibilities, and authority for: ensuring that the Environmental and Social Management Plan requirements are established, implemented, and maintained in accordance with the stated legal requirements and approved standard; and reporting on the performance and effectiveness of the Environmental and Social Management Plan to top management and using this reporting as the basis for Management Review. The duties of the Contractor - ESMP Coordinator are explained in more detail in Table 19. Table 19: The duties of the proposed Contractor - Environmental and Social Management
Plan (ESMP) Technical Assistant Preparation stage
Ensure efficient implementation of the Precautionary ESMP Mitigation Programs and Procedures with regard to the sites and construction activities selection criteria.
Ensure the construction of the fluid waste collection for the project offices in the locations, which are agreed upon between the municipalities, the Consultant and the Contractor.
Ensure the establishment of the temporary access roads in the locations agreed upon with Ministry of Public Works and Housing, the consultant and the contractor.
Ensure effective communication and cooperation with local communities especially in Segments C and B.
Report to the project Consultant. Construction stage Ensure efficient implementation of the ESMP mitigation programs and
procedures. Coordinate and follow up with responsible governmental and non-governmental
agencies working in the field of environmental conservation. Ensure continuous and efficient communication with local communities. Give a special attention to the issue of public safety, especially in Segments C and
B of the project within the populated residential neighbourhoods, and insure the continuous application of these measures during the construction phase.
Report to the project consultant A similar Environmental and Social Management Plan Management Unit should be initiated to hold the responsibilities relevant to the following objectives:
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• To ensure that roles, responsibility and authorities are defined documented and communicated;
• To monitor, audit and evaluate the efficiency of the Environmental and Social Management Plan implementation and operation;
• To evaluate and update the aspects register; and • To ensure efficient implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan
programs and procedures. This can be achieved by the following operational objectives: • Ensuring that the Environmental and Social Management Plan requirements are
established, implemented, and maintained in accordance with the stated legal requirements and approved Standard.
• Reporting on the performance and effectiveness of the Environmental and Social Management Plan to top management and using this reporting as the basis for Management Review.
One of the major assignments of the Consultant - Environmental and Social Management Plan Management Unit is to establish the base line to be used for the various elements of the monitoring plan during the pre-construction phase with relevant measures taken to establish, as far as possible, the ambient condition. 6.6.2 Impact Mitigation and Management Programs As part of the ESA process for new projects, environmental and social management programs are compiled concerning all aspects where site-specific features are taken into account. These management programs are designed to ensure that set objectives and targets are accomplished and responsibilities, methods, and time frame for completion are established. Each program includes one or more procedure that tends to achieve the stated objective(s) as appropriate. The following mitigation measures should be strictly adhered to, in order to avoid impact, risk or hazard whenever anticipated. When the impacts are unavoidable the impact should be minimized to the extent possible and the settings should be rehabilitated appropriately to restore the natural condition. Compensation schemes should be applied whenever needed as a consequence of the interim damage and disruption or as compensation to the permanent damage. The monitoring program is an applied research program to develop the tools necessary to monitor and assess the environmental and social settings status and trends in response to the different project activities. Also, it is necessary to assess the project performance against the desired mitigation measures, and compliance with the regulations and standards in order to protect people’s health and safety, and the environment health and performance. Monitoring activities should be applied to direct monitoring indicators whenever applicable. Indirect indicators can be monitored instead of direct ones whenever it would provide acceptable indication to the impact occurrence and/or performance non-conformance. The following are the proposed mitigation measures and monitoring programs to address the anticipated project impacts. The success of the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring programs depends largely on proper training and awareness to project staff and efficiency of restoration when required. Table 17 presented to the site-specific mitigation measures and monitoring activities based on their relevance to the project activities.
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6.6.2.1 Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase (a) Mitigating Impacts to the Physical Environment
Conserve Natural Landscape and Natural Resources The following avoidance measures should be applied:
• Where clearing is required for permanent works, approved construction activities and for excavation operations, construction activities should be limited as much as applicable to minimum areas of the project construction corridor, and maximum care should be applied not to inflict unnecessary alteration to the local landscape and natural resource;
• Changing the geomorphology, the local drainage systems, in addition to flora demolition should be prohibited outside the proposed project corridor;
The above listed mitigation measures should be applied and taken into consideration during the site selection and establishment of the different project offices.
• Avoid unnecessary excavation processes and off-road works especially at wadi crossings, hammad and sand dunes areas and utilize the existing roads instead of making new ones whenever applicable;
• Avoid accumulation of excavation piles during rainy season; • Avoid accumulation of excavated material through synchronizing excavation and filling
processes; • Strictly avoid dumping and accumulation of excavation materials and other solid wastes in
the wadi crossings; • Avoid as much as possible building permanent facilities; instead consider the use of mobile
residence facilities; • Avoid sand dunes areas (especially at Disi and Batn El-Ghoul areas) as much as possible;
and • Avoid planting or seeding of crops and exotic species.
After work completion, all work areas should be rehabilitated, smoothed and graded in a manner to substantiate the natural appearance of the surrounding landscape. The restoration option is upon incidence of impact and mainly directed to:
• Restoring as much as possible the surface morphology to maintain natural water flow; and • Restoring wadi side banks in order to maintain natural water flow and reduce erosion.
Installing Appropriate Fluid Waste Collection System In this regard, impermeable septic tanks for domestic wastewater collection should be constructed by the contracting company to serve each of the project main offices and in any temporary workstations, construction camps, storage yards and staging areas along the project route. It should be listed in the construction contract that periodical maintenance for the machines is prohibited within the project site and that those machines and vehicles should be maintained at specialized maintenance stations.
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Whenever accidental leakage of fluid waste occurs, the Contractor is responsible to clean the polluted area.
Applying Appropriate Solid Waste Collection System To manage the expected solid wastes, the following measures should be applied:
• Ensure maximum utilization of the generated cut materials (dirt and rocks) in the fill process;
• Establish, operate and monitor temporary solid waste dumping sites within the construction corridor, the generated and temporary dumped solid wastes in these sites should be placed and emptied on biweekly basis and transferred (if not utilized as filling materials in the construction activities) to defined solid waste dumping sites out of the project corridor. Such dumping sites should comply with the stated criteria and approved from the related authorities including the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the Ministry of Environment;
• The generated domestic solid waste by the project employees should be collected properly and transported to the closest municipal landfill. This requires prior coordination with related municipalities. The Contractor should ensure the efficiency of waste collection and transport system though no waste is being mismanaged or accumulated;
• Prolonged accumulation of solid waste (both construction and domestic) is prohibited. The selected temporary dumping sites should be treated only as solid waste transfer stations;
• Avoid using runoffs, wadis and sand dune areas as temporary solid waste storage ground (especially at Disi and Batn El-Ghoul areas) as much as possible;
• Avoid accumulation of excavated material through synchronizing excavation and filling processes;
Dust Control
• Avoid as much as possible removal of green cover; and • Restoration of the temporary storage grounds should be applied soon after finishing the use
of each site. The above listed mitigation measures should be applied also for all types of solid wastes resulting from the construction camps, storage yards and staging areas.
To reduce dust spreading during the construction phase and its negative impacts on the residential areas, especially in Segments (C-1), (C-3) and (B-2) of the project, the Contractor should apply water to the construction surface and other piled materials such as sand as much as needed.
Noise Control Working night shifts should be reduced as much as possible in populated areas. The Jordanian Regulation for ambient noise levels should be applied during this phase and should be a major tool in designing the construction activities schedule.
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Correct Selection of the Project Offices, Camps and Temporary Waste Disposal Sites For a correct selection of the project offices, camp, and temporary waste disposal site(s), the following criteria should be applied:
• Located outside the heavily populated residential areas and far from schools or any social establishment especially for Segments C and B of the project;
• Far from the ecologically sensitive habitats, wadis, runoffs and wadi side banks, and sand dune habitats in addition to avoiding vegetated areas;
• Has easy access to the construction sites; to the existing primary roads and to the existing infrastructure; and
• Located outside any known aquifer recharge zones (if possible). Representatives from Ministry of Water and Irrigation and from the local municipalities should participate in this selection. It should be taken into consideration, that the contractor is responsible for restoring the selected site to its original condition.
Correct Selection for the Access Roads In the preparation stage, the Contractor and the Consultant in association with the Traffic Department and Ministry of Public Works and Housing should conduct a detailed survey for selecting the temporary access roads to be used by small and medium sized vehicles during the construction phase in Segments C and B. In selection of temporary access roads, the maximum usage of the present access roads within the project areas should be considered. Also, the temporary access routes should be selected carefully in order to reduce noise levels, protect private properties, and reduce risks to public safety. The relevant governmental authorities should approve engineering specifications for these roads and the types of vehicles to use these accesses.
The proposed service roads in remote areas within Segment A should avoid to the extent possible the biological sensitive habitat and plant communities, especially the runoffs and sand dunes vegetation. It is highly recommended to follow the existing road tracks used by the locals within these areas whenever applicable in order to reduce the magnitude of the impact.
• Avoidance actions: Precautionary approach is often the most cost effective one. These include:
• Avoid the removal of the Acacia trees community and translocation of those unavoidable ones in coordination with related authorities including the Ministry of Agriculture and the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature;
• Avoid wildlife persecution, hunting, animal and plant collection;
(b) Protection of Biological Diversity In addition to what is stated above as mitigation measures, the following actions should be strictly adhered to in order to mitigate the project anticipated impacts on biological environment, especially within Segments A and B. These mitigation measures include:
• Avoid as much as possible removal of green cover; • Minimize night activities;
• Avoid unnecessary movement of project staff mainly at night; • Avoid planting or seedling of crops and exotic species;
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• Avoid introduction of pets; • Avoid sand dunes areas (especially at Disi and Batn El-Ghoul areas) as much as
possible; • Avoid unnecessary accumulation and burning of wastes; and • Avoid as much as possible building of permanent facilities and instead consider
the use of mobile residence facilities. • Restoration actions: This is upon incidence of impact and mainly directed to the
restoration actions mentioned above. Such restorations should ensure the restoration of biological diversity and biological communities’ characteristics and features.
(c) Protection of Agricultural Resources Agricultural mitigation measures are as follows:
• Ensure safe passageways dedicated for the use of herders especially in Segments A and B; • Establish mitigation measures for possible negative impact on large-scale farming
companies. Once the current agreement held between the government and the companies expires, two possibilities arise: first, renewal of the agreement, and second, agreements termination. Renewal of the agreement might bring different conditions. The mitigation measures will have to be covered within the agreement itself. If the current agreement is not renewed, however, no mitigation measures are relevant;
• Replant or compensate for removed trees within farms along the route from Qatraneh to Amman;
• Ensure availability of safe passageways can eliminate any inconvenience arising from restrictions on mobility for farms along the route; and
• Dust-related problems may be easily solved through water sprinkling. Problem of cutting trees may be attended to through replanting or compensation. Ensuring availability of safe passageways can eliminate any inconvenience arising from restrictions on mobility.
(d) Mitigating Social Impacts
Resettlement Framework While all necessary land parcels or property required for the construction of the conveyance system have already been expropriated and compensated by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, any new land expropriation issues resulting from modifications to the pipeline alignment would be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (LARPF) provided in Annex C 24 of Part C- Main Report.
Disi Area Development Plan It has been explained in previous sections that no resettlement of the population in the Disi area, particularly the Bedouin population, will occur as a result of the construction of the conveyance system. However, two points have to be made in this respect:
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• The number of Bedouin workers in Disi irrigated farm projects does not exceed 50 persons. Most of these workers are guards and seasonal employees. As their number is small, they can be easily absorbed in the project as guards or manual workers during the construction period or even during operation and maintenance phase; and
• The number of livestock at the Disi farm area is limited to small number of camels, sheep and goats owned by local Bedouins for local consumption. At present, water is provided to livestock from five groundwater wells owned by the Water Authority. The supply of water to the small number of livestock should continue.
Foreign Employment
This part includes damage to property and responsibility of action.
The provisions to address the above issues are described in the Disi Area Development Plan provided in Annex C25 of Part C – Main Report.
A close investigation into the number of Egyptian workers on Disi farm projects indicated that their number does not exceed 100. Almost all of them are employed on temporary basis. Seasonal employment of Egyptian workers particularly during olives or fruit harvest is the most dominant practice. Provisions of the Labour Law in Jordan are not applicable to temporarily recruited persons and agricultural workers. Therefore, the termination of Egyptians work in the year 2011 will have no direct or indirect obligations to the present employers or the Contractor to provide this segment of workers with end of service compensations or reemployment.
Business Disruption The Contractor should take all precautions to prevent damage to private properties during construction or infliction of harm to persons including disruption of work or business to individuals along the pipeline corridor. These precautions should be part and parcel of the contract. Therefore, the Contractor stands responsible for his action or behaviour contrary to the provisions of the Contract. Action of mischief in the Civil Law of Jordan is divided into two parts:
1- Part one: General Provisions (Articles 256-272)
2- Part two: This part includes all actions that may lead to personal impairment or harm to wealth or body:
• Impairment (Articles 273-274); • Deliberate damage of property (Articles 276-278); and • Obtaining property by force or aggression (Articles279-287)
Since it had been reported by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing that over the past three decades no claim for loss of income or disruption of business as a result of infrastructure construction had been submitted or compensated, it is very much doubtful that such claim might be presented as a result of the construction of Disi Project. Responsibility for damage of private property and business disruption however, can be divided into two parts:
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1- Negligence of the Contractor to the contract conditions and the instructions of the Consultant, his mischief or that of any of his employees, are governed by the provisions of the employment contract specified in (Chapter 3: Act 1); and
2- If the Contractor abided strictly by the contract conditions, and followed the Consultant's instructions completely and correctly, any damage might occur to other persons or property shall be the responsibility of the Owner (Chapter 3: Act 3).
Reduce the Expected Traffic Disruption In order to avoid and control the expected traffic disruption and the expected accidents that might result, in addition to control of the noise levels during the construction phase, the following mitigation measures should be applied:
• Avoid the closure of the main roads whenever possible; • Carry out all construction activities that might require closure of some roads very rapidly
and at one time though the disruption would be minimum; • Allocate and ensure alternative routes to serve the impacted traffic movement including
loops, bridges or others. Such alternatives should be of sufficient capacity to cope with the disrupted traffic;
• Limit the movement of the construction machinery to the direct project area especially for Segments C and B;
• Prohibit the movement of this machinery outside the project area during peak traffic hours, especially for Segments C and B;
• Limit the movement time for heavy trucks transporting equipments and materials to the project areas to non-peak traffic hours, and not allow them to use internal roads between residential areas close to the project site;
• Use covering for all vehicles transporting raw materials from/to the project site; • Apply strong restriction for the allowable speed limits for all the project vehicles; and • Install all necessary signs and measures to facilitate safety and strict traffic control.
Arranging all the above listed issues should be through coordination with the Traffic Department for a proper traffic management. On the other hand, and due to the expected increase in the traffic density within the other parts of the Southern Amman (Segments C-2 and C-3) city, a quick and comprehensive rehabilitation program should be conducted for the roads system in these parts of the city during the preparation stage for this project.
Formulate Public Safety Program for the Locals and the Workers in the Project In Segments C and B of the project corridor and especially in the populated areas, and where the services establishments are located, access facilities should be located to provide a safe passage for the pedestrians crossing within the project areas. It is recommended that these facilities be in the form of protected pedestrian bridges.
During the course of the work, the Contractor and under the Project Company (PC) supervision should be responsible for providing and properly maintaining all temporary roads and other work required including access to existing service and commercial shops, factories, buildings and the
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like. The Project Company (PC) duties include installing, operating and maintaining all required temporary signing, signals, barriers and other safety measures that can assist in conserving the public and the workers safety. (e) Conservation of Archaeological and Cultural Resources
• Adopting special procedures in the vicinity of sites defined as requiring protection. These include protecting the site by fencing, conducting site rescue excavation, conducting site restoration, and implementing signage system to the site.
In areas where the Department of Antiquities knows or suspects the existence of remains under the surface, but where there is insufficient time for archaeological excavation (or the importance of the site dose not warrant full scale investigation prior to construction), a
The Jordanian Antiquities Law No. (12) of 1976 and the Regulations of Archaeological Excavation and Surveys provide the basis for the conservation of archaeological sites in Jordan. The mitigation measures for possible impacts on archaeological sites have been formulated to comply with the above-mentioned law and regulation.
In general, while there is no requirement for any site discovered during the survey to be destroyed, “No Destroy” protection measures are recommended. On the other hand, whenever impact is expected, the mitigation measures might include one or more of the following:
• Cultural Resources Management (CRM) implementation in addition to coordination of responsibilities with CRM monitoring groups including the Department of Antiquities / Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities;
• Penalties for non-compliance; • Shifting the construction activities for a distance that is enough as to protect the site; • Following “Chance-find” Procedures; • Use of exclusion areas; and
Once the final alignment has been fixed and the extent of any earthworks and borrow pits is known, sites that remain classified as not threatened should be revisited and fully documented for record purposes. A set of final engineering drawings, on which archaeological sites within or immediately adjacent to the construction area are defined, should be addressed by the Contractor to the Consultant and to the Department of Antiquities prior to starting the work. In addition, details of the site specific measures outlined in the next section will be provided as instructions to the Contractor. In general, for projects entering the construction stage, four points could be added to contract documents which would be beneficial for the protection of archaeological sites. These are as follows:
1- Borrow Areas: The locations of borrow areas and quarry sites selected by the Contractor should be approved by the Department of Antiquities to prevent antiquities being damaged by quarrying or borrow excavation. Such inspection should not be unreasonably delayed.
2- Observation of Construction Excavation
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representative of Department of Antiquities should be present during the opening of any excavation or borrow pit to identify and record any archaeological remains found.
• If any archaeological site or remains were found during construction, the Contractor should directly contact the Department of Antiquities.
• The cost of the further salvage excavation will be included in the Bill of Quantities as a provisional sum.
3- Additional Salvage Excavation
In areas where Department of Antiquities has determined that further salvage excavation will be necessary, based on the information developed during the Final Design phase, salvage excavation will be carried out at the beginning of the construction phase. Construction activities should be scheduled so as to leave any such area until late in the construction process, and thus the archaeological excavation would not delay construction activities.
4- Archaeological Chance Find
• If any sites were found during construction and will be damaged by construction activities, the Department of Antiquities will assess the discovered remains and will carry out an emergency salvage excavation. Salvage excavation means archaeological excavation conducted during construction phase. It should be conducted only when an archaeological site is found by accident (chance find) during construction. Given the short time available for a salvage excavation, this type of work should be avoided.
• The available short time for salvage excavations cannot be considered an authorization to destroy the discovered remains or site. Since each site must be given proper consideration and analysis before its destruction can be authorized.
• The Contractor should seek the written approval of the Department of Antiquities before the removal of any chance find building, foundation, structure, fence and other obstruction over 50 years old and of which any portion is in the right-of-way. All designated salvageable material shall be removed, without causing unnecessary damage and in sections or pieces which may be readily transported, and shall be stored by the Contractor at approved locations for later use or possession of the Department of Antiquities.
(f) Monitoring Physical Environment
Conducting Site Inspection
The Environmental and Social Management Plan Coordinator should conduct site inspection on daily basis to monitor all construction activities according to the prepared construction schedule from an environmental point of view. Authorized representatives from the Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the responsible municipalities should have a free passage and access to all parts of the project and at all times.
Air Quality and Noise Level Monitoring An air quality-monitoring program should be applied to monitor the dust levels and air emissions from vehicles. This program should be done at least two times per year at selected sites along the project layout. The major parameter to be measured includes but is not limited to Total Suspended Particles (TSP).
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Noise level monitoring program should be conducted. Frequency of this program should be once a month during the construction phase, and each time should extend for 24 hours. The major parameters to be measured include but are not limited to:
• Noise; and
The monitoring of solid waste management operations should cover the following:
• Vibration. It is understood that the Contractor will coordinate with reputable research institution to conduct the proposed air quality and noise monitoring programs. The Royal Scientific Society is known to have this capacity in Jordan.
Monitoring of Solid Waste Management
• Solid waste generation, including quality and quantity; • Collection and transportation efficiency; • Suitability of final disposal sites; and • Solid waste accumulation within the project corridor in terms of volumes and frequency of
removal. (g) Monitoring of Biological Environment For the biological environment, the frequency of monitoring is mostly periodical monitoring (every three months) combined with follow up on daily basis and annual auditing. The following are the biological environment monitoring indicators and responsibilities:
• Maintained pre-project land utilization and access (Consultant, ESMP Coordinator); • Maintained Runoffs; • Natural vegetation cover is maintained (Consultant, ESMP Coordinator, Royal Society for
Conservation of Nature and Ministry of Agriculture); • Hunting is banned (ESMP Coordinator); • Accidental kills are minimum (Consultant, ESMP Coordinator); • Breeding seasons are undisturbed (Consultant, ESMP Coordinator); and • Migration seasons are avoided (Consultant, ESMP Coordinator).
The monitoring methodology comprises the following activities:
• Monitor the natural conditions of surface water flow between pre and post project activities including runoffs habitat and geomorphology;
• Monitor plant communities’ changes; • Monitor habitat deterioration (some species can be used as indicators for habitat
deterioration such as Citrillus and Peganum sp.); • Monitor accidental killing of animals (car accidents, falling in ditches, persecution, etc.); • Monitor wintering bird species;
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• Monitor key herpeto-faunal and faunal species; • Monitor oil spills and solid waste accumulation; and • Monitor accessibility to Abu-Tarfa area and to Disi area through Batn El-Ghoul.
(h) Monitoring of Agricultural Resources
The following components should be monitored on regular basis:
• Availability of safe passageways that can eliminate inconvenience arising from restrictions on mobility for farms along the route.
• Public safety measures and public safety program implementation and efficiency;
• Safe passageways dedicated for the use of herders especially in Segments A and B; • Removal of trees within farms along the route from Qatraneh to Amman and their re-
planting or compensation; and
(i) Monitoring Social Aspects The following social component should be monitored as part of the ESMP monitoring program:
• Employment: this includes the percentage of locals and foreigners to the total employment; • Business Disruption: should include, but not be limited to, damage to private properties
during construction or to inflict harm to persons including disruption of work or business to individuals along the pipeline corridor;
• Locals complains about project related disturbances, noise and health aspects; • Traffic disruption incidence including location of occurrence, duration, actions made to
mitigate the impact and if any accidents resulted from such disruption; • Disruption of infrastructure utilities including telephone connections, electricity, water,
sewer and other utilities; and • Implementation of the Traffic Disruptions Control Program. Such component should be
under the direct supervision of the Traffic Department in each of the different project areas.
Monitoring the Maintenance of Pedestrian Crossing Facilities It is the responsibility of the Contractor and the Consultant to monitor the maintenance of pedestrian crossing facilities to be constructed along the project layout in coordination with the authorized departments at the Ministry of Public Works and Housing in association with the Greater Amman Municipality in addition to the different municipalities along the project corridor. (j) Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites Monitoring The following components should be monitored on regular basis:
• Cultural Resources Management (CRM) implementation in addition to coordination of responsibilities with CRM monitoring groups including the Department of Antiquities / Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. This includes monitoring disruption to the archaeological features;
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• Compliance / non-compliance with the stated mitigation measures; • Shifting the construction activities for a distance as enough as to protect the site; • Following “Chance-find” Procedures; • Exclusion areas; and • Special procedures in the vicinity of sites defined as requiring protection. These include:
• Site restoration; and • Signage system to the site.
• Site by fencing; • Site rescue excavation;
6.6.2.2 Operation Phase (a) Protecting Biological Environment During the operation phase of the project, it is the responsibility of the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN) to prohibit removal of green cover, control accidental and deliberate persecution of wildlife caused and disturbance to breeding and migratory bird species by the increased accessibility to the sensitive habitat within Segment A. This can be achieved through proper awareness activities, site signage and regular patrolling. On the other hand, it is the responsibility of the Operator to:
• Avoid the removal of the Acacia trees community and translocation of those unavoidable ones in coordination with related authorities including the Ministry of Agriculture and the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature;
• Avoid as much as possible removal of green cover; • Minimize night activities; • Avoid wildlife persecution, hunting, animal and plant collection; • Avoid unnecessary movement of project staff mainly at night; • Avoid planting or seedling of crops and exotic species; • Avoid introduction of pets; • Avoid sand dunes areas (especially at Disi and Batn El-Ghoul areas) as much as possible; • Avoid unnecessary burning and accumulation; and • Avoid as much as possible building of permanent facilities and instead consider the use of
mobile residence facilities. The monitoring responsibility should be coordinated between the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature and meetings be held on regular basis against the above mentioned impacted features. The monitoring of the employees adherence to the stated mitigation measures should be assigned to project operating firm. It is proposed that specialized monitoring will be conducted on a regular basis to ensure compliance with the full range of measures to be taken by the government, RSCN and the Operator.
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(b) Mitigating and Monitoring Social Impacts
Applying and Monitoring Appropriate Public Safety Program
• Environmental Management Documentation
This program is designed for both the workers and the local communities located close to the booster and pumping stations along the project route. All these stations should be fenced and have daily guarding system. In addition to that, the local communities should understand through the public media and the local schools within the project corridor, the importance of conserving all of the project facilities. More over all the workers in these stations should wear safety equipments such as safety helmets and shoes during their work shifts and should get a specialized public safety course related to such facilities. The expected fluid and solid wastes resulting from the project facilities should be disposed of properly and as follows:
• The human fluid wastes should be disposed of to the wastewater collection system (where available) or to appropriate septic tanks and pumped out on monthly basis;
• The fluid wastes resulting from the daily work activities should be collected in special tanks and sent on monthly basis to the nearest dumping site; and
• The resulting solid wastes should be collected on a weekly basis and sent to the nearest dumping site.
The Jordanian Regulation for ambient noise levels should be applied to control the expected noise levels generated from operating the pumping stations especially those located close to the residential areas. It is the responsibility of the Environment Department at the Ministry of Water and Irrigation in association with the local municipalities and the Greater Amman municipality (for sites located within the Jurisdictions of Amman municipality) to supervise and monitor the implementation of the above listed measures. 6.6.2.3 Remediation Phase
The mitigation measures proposed to cope with the anticipated construction-remediation phase are dealt with as construction impacts, while the overall project remediation impacts will be same as those described for the construction phase if the remediation alternative is to remove the pipeline for any reason. Such alternative is not recommended, and it would be more efficient to reuse the pipeline in case other water resources are allocated form the southern part of Jordan; for example, reuse the pipeline to convey water from a desalination project.
6.6.3 Implementation, Operation and Control Effective implementation and operation of the Environmental and Social Management plan require clear-cut identification of responsibilities that will guide assigning tasks. Other implementation related components include:
• Training, awareness and competence; • Communication;
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• Document Control; • Operational Control; and • Emergency Preparedness and Response.
The ESMP Unit (Management Representative) should ensure the following in order to fulfil the awareness and training requirements:
• Training needs are identified. Training requirements for each operational unit within the project are established;
• Consequences of failure to comply with the above.
6.6.3.1 Training, Awareness and Competence Efficient implementation and operation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) require both the Consultant and the Contractor to have competent capacities, wise management and environmentally aware employees. The Management representative- ESMP Coordinator- should have sufficient experience in environmental and social management, and good communication skills, while the technical support staff should have considerable experience in environmental monitoring, auditing and evaluation. On the other hand, the project employees should be environmentally aware of the project nature and impacts, so they would develop their appreciation and thorough commitment to the ESMP requirements, complexity and integrity. Furthermore, acting according to the ESMP programs and procedures is obligatory, where similar awareness and training activities will ensure faithful and competent commitment of the employees to these requirements, and reduce the cost of enforcement. Each employee should be educated and motivated to appreciate and act according to the issued mitigation measures. Such requirement should be tackled in the pre-construction phase in order to have the employees acting as per of the stated course of procedures and actions. During the construction phase, the employees’ acts and awareness level should be monitored and developed.
Adequate training of senior staff and orientation of project staff is also considered as a cost effective means to reduce impacts.
• Personnel are trained in their specific environmental responsibilities that are directly related to significant aspects, targets, and objectives of the ESMP;
• Personnel that do not have a significant role, receive awareness training; • New-hires and re-assigned personnel are given appropriate training on the specific aspects
of their new positions; • Personnel are kept abreast of regulatory changes that impact their job performance; and • Training includes communication of the following:
• Requirements of the ESMP and the importance of regulatory compliance with policy;
• Potential effects of the employee's work, both negative and positive: • Responsibility in achieving compliance with policies, regulations and ESMP
requirements; and
The proposed awareness and training sessions can be conducted by either the ESMP Management Unit or by a/ reputable independent consultant.
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6.6.3.2 Communication Efficient communication should be maintained at both external and internal levels. The external communication can be demonstrated in three main channels:
• PMU – Consultant Communication Channel; • Contractor – Consultant Communication Channel; and • Consultant – Local and National Stakeholders Communication Channel.
The overall advantage of this communication program is to ensure that the anticipated adverse impacts and risks can be effectively mitigated.
The ESMP-Technical Coordinator should effectively communicate internally with the variant project components and divisions, and externally through the defined channels and about the public concerns and complains of implementing the proposed project, project effects on their health, wealth and environment. Also, the ESMP-Technical Coordinator should communicate and cooperate on continuous basis with the related authorities, projects and utilities providers in order to avoid or minimize, to the extent possible, disruptions. 6.6.3.3 Emergency Preparedness and Response Emergency preparedness should be given the priority during the ESMP implementation and operation, where all key procedures should be reviewed for emergency preparation, including the health and safety programs (for public and employee communities) that have to be established in compliance with the Jordanian standards issued by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. Also, these programs should comply with the standards and regulations stated in the project Terms of Reference (TOR). The Contractor should develop procedures for managing these potentialities and to train key personnel on these procedures. Also he should ensure that adequate and correct emergency equipment are available where they should be. After a drill or incidents occurrence, these processes should be reviewed and modified.
6.6.4 Checking Corrective Action and Management Review
The ESMP implementation and performance should be monitored continually; performance, conformance and non-conformance audit should be applied on quaternary basis in order to adapt the plan by adopting effective corrections whenever needed. Environmental audit (Eco Audit) should be conducted on annual basis. All records should be stored in a well-ordered and easily accessible manner, enabling individual items to be located easily and ensuring that the records are protected. The audit reports should be prepared and reported in accordance to the stated reporting structure. Also it should be available to the public and stakeholders through the identified information centres including Ministry of Water and Irrigation, World Bank and the project offices.
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A top management review of the ESMP should be applied on a periodic basis as per a documented procedure to ensure its continued suitability and effectiveness. During the review, management should effectively utilize all available information, including internal and external audit findings, environmental concerns, objectives, targets, non-compliance, and corrective and preventive actions in order to improve the ESMP implementation.
With relation to the physical environment, and during the construction phase, the expected temporary impacts include: high noise levels, increased dust levels, fluid and solid wastes generation, locals and employees public safety, ongoing infrastructure utilities disturbance, construction of access roads, and traffic disruption. The only expected permanent impact that might result during this phase is the damage to landscape and change in natural drainage system and local geomorphology. In the operation stage, the potential impacts are those related to abstracting water from the Disi aquifer.
• Formulation of public safety program for the locals and the workers in the project; and
The review results will be recorded and maintained and the concerned personnel will implement the resulting decisions and actions taken.
Along the project route, the major sources of noise and dust within Segment C can be related to the different human activities without the presence of any major source for noise and/or air quality deterioration. As for Segments (B-1) and (A-2), these suffer from air quality deterioration and high noise levels due to the phosphate extraction and manufacturing process practiced in the Hasa and Al-Abiad mines. These activities result in the accumulation of hills of friable carbonate rocks that are subjected to the blowing winds causing high dust levels and impacting a major part of the Desert Highway most of the year.
In addition to its usage to transport phosphate from the mines in Al-Hasa area to the Aqaba port, the Desert Highway serves and connects the central and northern parts of the Kingdom with the southern Governorates. Accordingly, this highway suffers from high traffic density caused by a mixture of vehicles. Also, the roads system located between Madaba Bridge and Abu-Alanda reservoir (Segment C-1), suffers at present from high traffic density as it is serving as the main route used by the residences of east Amman and serving the industrial city in Sahab area. This road system will be subjected to another increase in traffic density during the construction phase in order to connect the proposed main water pipe with the New Abu-Alanda reservoir.
The proposed mitigation measures to reduce the impacts in the construction stage to minimal level include the following:
• Conservation of natural landscape and natural resources; • Installation of appropriate fluid waste collection system; • Application of appropriate solid waste collection system; • Control of air quality, dust and noise; • Correct selection of the project offices and camps location; • Reduction of the expected traffic disruption;
• Correct selection of the access roads. During the operation stage, it is recommended to apply appropriate public safety measures.
During the construction phase, the monitoring of the above listed mitigation plans will be the responsibility of the project company in association with representatives from the major governmental authorities related to such a project, while in the operation stage the monitoring program should be the responsibility of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation.
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7 CONSULTATIONS TO SUPPORT PREPARATION OF THE ESA STUDY Public consultation is a powerful tool to ensure the involvement of potentially affected groups and national capacities in the decision-making process with regard to the environmental and social aspects of their concern. The consultations allow the participation of stakeholders so as to identify social and environmental concerns at the beginning of the ESA process. Also it is considered as an important tool for informing and educating the public in order to enhance their understanding and appreciation to the following:
• The need and nature of the proposed development;
• The potential impacts of the project on the environmental, socio-economical and archaeological settings; and
Of the 87 invitees to Amman scoping session, 53 attended the consultation and of the 61 invitees to Aqaba scoping session 38 attended. Those attendees represented various stakeholders including ministries and governmental authorities, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, universities, community representatives and private sector.
• The need to protect and properly manage our environment;
• The role of the public in protecting their local environment.
During the course of development of the ESA a set of communication and consultation activities have been conducted in order to ensure that the stakeholders’ views, issues of concern, foreseen impacts and concerns are taken into consideration while assessing the project related alternatives and impacts. The Government and the Consultant have undertaken a two phase consultation process; the first phase was when the study was started and the second when the draft ESA was ready. The results of those consultation sessions are presented below. 7.1 First Phase of Public Consultation
For elaborating on the environmental and social impacts associated with the project as well as on the status of water resources in Jordan in the assessment study, the MWI with the support of the Consultant held two scoping sessions - one in Amman and one in Aqaba. Amman scoping session was held on March 27th, 2003 and targeted population of Amman and Madaba areas. The Aqaba scoping session was held on April 3rd, 2003 and hosted the target population of Disi, Aqaba, Tafileh and Ma’an. The aim of having two scoping sessions was to insure that the community representatives of the areas influenced by the Disi-Mudawarra to Amman water conveyance project would have the chance to participate in the scoping sessions.
The environmental and social issues that need to be assessed were identified from the results of the scoping activities. This was mainly through the focus group discussions, scoping session questionnaire results and the issues raised during the questions and comments. The issues identified as significant and to be addressed in the Environmental and Social Assessment Study are presented in Table 20.
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Table 20: Significant issues identified in the first phase of public consultation Assessed
Component Significant Issues
Water Resources
A-biotic Environment
Agricultural Resources
Impacts of the increase in dust levels on the farms within Segment A of the project area. Sustainability of agricultural activities in the Disi area in terms of cost return, economical value and social value. Reduction of soil fertility due to new imported soil in the area extending from Jiza to Amman. Reduction of the agricultural areas or removing olive trees along the conveyor route.
Justification of the project need. Contribution of the Disi project to Jordan’s water budget and other alternatives considered for facing the water shortage problem. Potential impact of noise on nearby local communities and workers at the project construction site at Segment C of the project and at Segments A and C of the project during operation phase due to the pump stations. Potential impact of increased dust levels in all segments of the project area only during the construction phase. The concern is mainly for:
• Public safety for workers and local communities; and
Change in the geomorphological system of the Segment A area to a large extent. Fluid and Solid wastes resulting from the construction phase at all three segments of the project, including:
• Cutting and demolition wastes;
Opening temporary access roads haphazardly in order to reach to the construction sites at Segment A.
Transportation from Aqaba Port and the need to coordinate with the Port Institute.
• Nearby farms in the project and nearby areas.
• Construction material wastes; • Oil and grease residues; and • Human wastes of the workers.
Tectonic activity in the Segment A area and its impact on the project during both construction and operation phases. Increase in traffic during construction phase along the three segments of the project area due to vehicles related to the project especially heavy vehicles and the traffic problems associated with them.
Potential impact on soil stability at Segment C of the project area. Potential impact on air quality during the construction phase and along the three segments of the project with consideration to effects of silica and vehicles emissions. Public safety for the workers and the local communities at all segment of the project during the construction phase.
Biotic Environment Destruction of vegetative cover (especially acacia at Batn El-Ghoul area).
Accumulation of solid waste. Disturbance of natural habitats (Hammad, Sand Dunes, Qeea’an, and wadis). Potential impact on important bird areas and important natural habitats.
Increase in hunting of flora, fauna and birds by the workers on the project. Hunting of the Oryx that will be reintroduced and of the Ghazal by the workers on the project construction.
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Table 20: Significant issues identified in the first phase of public consultation (contd.) Assessed
Component Significant Issues
Social Component
Archaeological and Cultural Heritage
Allocation of percentage of required labour for the local residents alongside the pipeline and in Disi. Consideration of the rules for public safety during digging and construction by coordinating efforts with the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, the Municipality of Greater Amman, and the Department of Traffic.
Compensation for damage incurred to commercial institutions (especially at Qatraneh, Al Jiza, and Abu Alanda).
Coordination with the various service establishments.
Disruption of traffic movement for residents and large vehicles. This impact is expected to be along the Desert Highway and the last third of the conveyor route.
Bedouin (Badia area and the tribes available there). Coordination with the army in order to identify possible mine areas along the route of the conveyor.
Launching public awareness campaign explaining the benefits of the project before and during work.
Studying of the available services (especially high voltage lines and towers bases) and obstacles at the path of the pipeline before offering tender for the project. Keeping away from cross-roads as much as possible.
Improvement of public health due to improvement of the water quality which is a positive impact.
Public health and safety considerations during the construction phase.
Impact on archaeological sites at Segment C mainly the Cave of Seven sleepers and the Khirbet Es-Suq Mausoleum.
7.2 Second Phase of Public Consultations on the Draft ESA Three second phase consultation sessions were held in Abu-Alanda, Amman and Aqaba, consecutively. Abu-Alanda second consultation session targeted the areas of Abu-Alanda, Khirbet Es-Suq, and El-Quesmeh whereas Amman second consultation session targeted Amman, Madaba and Al Jiza areas. Aqaba second consultation session hosted the target population of Disi, Aqaba, Tafileh, Ma’an and Al-Qatraneh areas. In Amman, 93 people were invited, however, 48 attended from several ministries, universities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and companies. In Aqaba, 49 people were invited but 28 attended. As for Abu-Alanda, invitations were done by door-to-door visits to randomly selected residences and commercial shops along the portion of the conveyor route passing through the areas of Abu-Alanda, Khirbet Es-Suq, and El-Quesmeh.
e 21
The participants in all the areas commented on the various aspects of the project and the likely areas of impact. The significant comments are summarized in Tabl .
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Table 21: Significant issues identified during the second phase of public consultation
Significant Issues Assessed Component
Water Resources
A-biotic Environment
Social Component
Archaeological and Cultural Heritage
The alternative sources of water for the Disi people since the Disi water is nonrenewable. Whether the Disi project will lead to a change in the water tariff. The effect of the project on the quality of the Disi water. To have the wells, pumping stations and any other project structure that is visible within the boundaries of the Rum Reserve designed to be in harmony with their surrounding environment especially that the area is a touristic one. Providing training for locals from Disi area in order to employ them in the operation of the Disi project. The right of the Disi people to have drinking water and give the organizations the right to dig alternative wells for small agricultural activities and livestock. The environmental and psychological impacts on the local people in the Disi area because of the termination of contracts for agricultural farms and the consequent loss of work opportunities. The long term benefits of the Disi project. The effect of the project on the Cave of Seven Sleepers area, the Mosque and the people in the area.
Construction Related Issues
Concern that at the end of the construction the Contractor does not restore the streets back to their original conditions. Measures that will be adopted by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation to ensure that the Contractor conforms to the environmental and social management plan.
Contractor compliance to proper procedures of implementation and construction. Issue of holes being dug and left open for a long time without any protection and without providing access roads to pass at places where these holes interrupt entrance into commercial shops along the road. Issue of damaging utilities and interrupting the services provided by those utilities.
The need to have coordination between the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing regarding the route of the Disi Conveyor.
7.3 Disclosure Materials were provided by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the Consultant in Arabic and English for participants in the First and Second Phase consultation processes and also made available at selected locations in the project area. The Executive Summary in Arabic and English and the Main Report in English of the Environmental and Social Assessment will be disclosed at a number of locations in Jordan as listed below and at the InfoShop of the World Bank in Washington, D.C. A complete copy of the Environmental and Social Assessment Study will be disclosed at the following locations:
• Ministry of Water and Irrigation; • Ministry of Environment; and • Aqaba Special Economic Zone.
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The Executive Summaries in English and Arabic for the Disi Environmental and Social Assessment Study will be disclosed at the following locations:
• Ministry of Public Works and Housing; • Ministry of Health; • Ministry of Municipal Affairs; • Ministry of Agriculture; • Royal Society for Conservation of Nature;
• Governorates of Karak, Tafileh, Ma’an and Madaba• Department of Antiquities; and
.